JP2022046394A - Apparatus for reforming water or fuel oil - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an apparatus for reforming water and fuel oil in which generation of hydrogen peroxide produced in ultrasonic irradiation is suppressed as much as possible in the reformer.SOLUTION: A former apparatus of the invention comprises: a sonicator which generate the ultrasonic waves from an ultrasonic vibration front plate; an ultrasonic vibration reflector unit traveling back and forth between both plates; waves close to standing waves that are generated between both plates by moving the position of the reflecting plate 7; wherein when the liquid to be processed is made to flow from the opening of the reflector into the space between the two plates, the liquid to be processed is almost uniformly irradiated with ultrasonic waves, and hydrogen atoms are incorporated into the reformed fuel at the time of recombination of the decomposed components which proceed after being decomposed by ultrasonic cavitation, wherein alternatively, if no opening is provided in either the front diaphragm or the reflector, and the flow of the liquid to be processed is made to be a swirling flow between the two plates, the ultrasonic irradiation to the liquid to be processed can be equalized. Thereby the excess of ultrasonic energy is suppressed, and the generation of hydrogen peroxide can be minimized.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a water or fuel oil reformer.

The inventor has been trying and researching the reforming of fuel oil using only fuel oil and water as raw materials for many years without using surfactants. In the comparison of the calorific value per unit weight and the total calorific value, which is the product of the weight, it was found that there is a reformed oil that greatly exceeds the original fuel, and it can be easily obtained. It was registered under Patent No. 5963171 dated July 8, but it is said that the hydrogen peroxide produced during ultrasonic irradiation is an obstacle to the reaction while further evolving and developing the fuel oil reforming method. As a result of investigating the reduction method, it was found that there is a hint in the flow path of the liquid to be treated, and it is combined with the viscous measures in the treatment of fuel oil or the method of imparting affinity to water to the fuel oil. , We have developed a device that can efficiently and stably obtain reformed oil that uses only fuel oil and water as raw materials.

A large increase in the total calorific value, which is the product of the total weight of the reformed oil and the total calorific value, is seen in the reformed fuel oil as a phenomenon shown in Japanese Patent No. 5963171 and also revealed in the process of the present invention. This means that water, which originally does not generate heat, has become fuel as it is. That is, the obtained reformed oil has almost no change in density as compared with the original fuel oil, and in some cases, the calorific value per unit weight is at the same level or slightly higher than that, and the capacity of the obtained reformed oil is also high. About 90% of the amount of water used for mixing is added to the original fuel oil to increase the amount. To give an example to confirm that this seemingly mysterious increase in total calorific value is not derived from normal combustion heat, it is a comparison with the combustion heat of hydrogen that constitutes water, and it is assumed that it is with fuel oil. All the hydrogen contained in the water used for mixing is separated from the water molecules without requiring energy, and the heat generated when the entire amount is completely burned after that is far higher than the combustion heat generated, and the low calorific value ratio is about 2.6 times. However, the question arises as to where such energy comes from. This suggests that a new phenomenon is inherent, but this amount of heat is not due to the heat of combustion of hydrogen, but from the K shell in the base state, which is a quantum theory peculiar to hydrogen atoms, to the inner shell. It can be explained by the sub-K shell phenomenon that the difference energy is released by the fall of the electron of the hydrogen atom, and then the energy from the surroundings is recovered and returned to the original state. This phenomenon is a high temperature of several hundred degrees or more. As can be seen below, the amount of heat generated by this phenomenon is comparable to the amount of heat of petroleum-based liquid fuel having the same mass as water, so it is convenient in terms of burning fuel to obtain energy. It can be called a phenomenon. In addition, the validity of this sub-K shell phenomenon can be proved by a calculation formula, and as another example to prove by the measured case, a similar reformed oil in a diesel engine published in the journal of the Japan Marine Engineering Society is used. It is a mutual relationship between the load factor and the fuel consumption improvement rate, and a clear solution can be shown by quoting the sub-K shell phenomenon for the questions raised about the relationship. Therefore, it can be said that it is necessary to focus on the hydrogen atom that causes the sub-K shell phenomenon and to reform the fuel oil.

The easy decomposition of water molecules under certain conditions is shown in the 2010 report of the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, along with images of hydroxide ions resulting from the decomposition, but the vibrations given are the oxygen-hydrogen bonds of water. It has been clarified that water is decomposed with an energy much lower than the binding energy when it matches the vibration frequency of.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-144158 Japanese Patent No. 5963171 JP-A-2017-209646

THE CHEMICAL TIMES 2009 No. 2 Decomposition of chemical substances by ultrasonic waves and development of ultrasonic reactors Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Vol. 18, No. 6, 1960 Oxidation reaction of organic substances by hydrogen peroxide RIKEN RESEARCH 2010 Chopping water molecules Easy Ultrasonic Engineering by Akira Kawabata Kogyo Chosakai Tokoton Easy Ultrasonic Book (2nd Edition) by Kinji Tanikoshi et al. Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun

According to the prior art, the usual method for decomposing water molecules is to electrolyze or apply electromagnetic vibration using high frequency. There was also a technique of combining decomposed water and fuel oil using these methods, but all of them are not suitable for large-scale processing because batch processing cannot be avoided and the processing time is long. there were. Furthermore, even in the reforming of fuel oil using fuel oil and water, it is necessary to add a surfactant such as an emulsifier to the fuel oil that does not show affinity with water. There was a problem that a stirrer was required for management and homogenization.

In addition, when reforming fuel oil, there is a method of adding water to fuel oil to make a water emulsion fuel, which has a slight effect in improving combustion efficiency and at the same time reducing harmful components in exhaust gas. In this case as well, in order to increase the affinity between oil and water, a surfactant such as an emulsifier is added to bind the micronized water molecules to the oil. Therefore, what is bound to the oil is the decomposition of the water molecules. It was not a component but a water molecule itself.

The method of decomposing water by irradiating water with ultrasonic waves or reforming fuel oil using a mixed solution of fuel oil and water is a sonochemistry that utilizes various actions of ultrasonic waves. Although it belongs to the field of ultrasonic irradiation, the purpose is to decompose the object, and the result is usually maximized, and one of the products is suppressed or the decomposition is moderately suppressed. No effective solution has been found for the problem of hydrogen generation, which is harmful to the reaction associated with ultrasonic irradiation, and the effect of treating water has not been announced. There was a need for specific measures against ultrasonic waves.

Decomposing water using ultrasonic waves produces various substances, but it is known that hydrogen peroxide is activated by receiving the energy of ultrasonic waves and changes to a radical substance with strong oxidizing power. How to suppress the production and activation of hydrogen peroxide has been an important concern for ultrasonic devices with decomposition of water, as it has a negative effect on the reforming of water or fuel oil. .. The hydrogen peroxide is generated in association with ultrasonic cavitation, and although there is a research report that the power density required for cavitation generation is smaller as the ultrasonic frequency is lower, a more specific method is shown. However, the present invention presents an effective concrete measure for suppressing excessive ultrasonic waves that generate hydrogen peroxide while utilizing ultrasonic waves, which are effective means for reforming water or fuel oil. There is something in it.

The vibration of the ultrasonic vibrator is oscillated in the medium from the front plate attached to the vibrator. However, when a plurality of vibrators are used, it is called a vibrating plate type or a plate-mounted type. In these, the vibration parts of these oscillations are collectively referred to as the vibration front plate, but if a reflector is installed in front of the vibration front plate so as to face it, the reflected wave from the reflector is reflected on the vibration front plate and then reflected on both plates. It will go back and forth between. Although the phase at the time when the reflected wave is incident on the vibration front plate and the phase of the wave newly emitted from the vibration front plate do not usually match, the phase difference can be changed by moving the reflection plate, which is extreme. In this case, the wave that goes back and forth with the phase difference set to zero can be used as a standing wave. When this phase difference approaches zero, the amplitude becomes nearly twice the original amplitude at which it is emitted, and cavitation is likely to occur due to the large sound pressure difference, which at the same time deviates from the threshold value of the sound pressure difference required for cavitation. It also reduces the energy of excess ultrasonic waves, and moving the reflector to adjust the phase difference can be said to be an effective and suitable method for the generation of efficient cavitation. However, when using a standing wave, the points to keep in mind are the velocity and flow direction of the liquid to be treated, and since there is one peak and valley for each wavelength of the standing wave, when the flow velocity of the liquid to be treated is high, it is super In order to effectively receive the action of ultrasonic cavitation, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the vector of the traveling direction of the flow of the liquid to be treated and the traveling direction or the opposite direction of the standing wave.

According to the above theory, in order to increase the overlap of the vectors indicated by the direction of the standing wave and the direction of the flow of the liquid to be treated due to the returning ultrasonic waves, the liquid to be treated is prepared by mixing water or fuel oil and water. If the liquid is advanced in the direction of the upper vibration front plate that has flowed in between the two plates from the opening of the reflector, and then the ultrasonic waves that travel back and forth between the two plates are crossed and flowed out, the liquid to be treated will be on both plates at a considerable separation distance. In the meantime, it becomes possible to receive ultrasonic cavitation caused by a standing wave or an ultrasonic wave having a waveform close to it multiple times, and it is possible to ensure the action of the sound wave on the total amount of the liquid to be treated. In addition to the above, if the location of the ultrasonic wave that travels back and forth between the two plates is brought closer to a cylindrical shape of uniform thickness centered on the opening, the ultrasonic wave that flows in and out from the opening will flow out across the opening. It is possible to considerably equalize the irradiation of the liquid to be treated with ultrasonic waves, which is also an effective method for suppressing the production of excessive hydrogen hydrogen while obtaining the effect of ultrasonic waves. Alternatively, if an opening is not provided in either the vibration front plate or the reflector, and the flow of the liquid to be processed that flows in from the reflector side located upstream and goes to the downstream side is swirled using an impeller or the like. The liquid to be treated will be affected by the ultrasonic waves that travel back and forth almost evenly, and even in this case, the production of excess hydrogen hydrogen will be suppressed.

The water reformer of the present invention can reform to water having a low oxidation-reduction potential, that is, an ORP and a high pH value indicating acid alkalinity, but the same device can be used as a fuel oil reformer to reform fuel oil. When water and water are mixed and flowed in as the liquid to be treated, it seems that the original fuel oil has been increased, and a new fuel oil can be obtained, which causes a significant increase in the total calorific value. That is, first, water is decomposed using ultrasonic waves, and the fuel oil is also divided by the action of the same ultrasonic waves. Will provide different new fuel oils.

A water molecule is composed of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms, but the hydrogen atom has motions such as symmetric stretching vibration, asymmetric stretching vibration, and variable angle vibration, and even as a water molecule, it is around three axes. It is said that while performing rotational motion, oscillating motion, and oscillating motion, a large number of them form a cluster and perform various motions of bound translation and bound rotation in it.

On the other hand, the ultrasonic cavitation generated in water is when the power density is more than 0.35 x 10 ⁴ W per square rice, and high temperature, high pressure and high speed flow are generated in a minute region due to the crushing of the cavity, so that it is in the liquid to be treated. Water in the subcritical or supercritical state of high temperature and high pressure, and water existing in the minute region as well as in the vicinity due to the reference frequency of oxygen-hydrogen bond caused by the electromagnetic wave in the infrared region appearing in the minute region. Is known to be decomposed, but the reaction time of crushing is very short, microseconds, so if it takes time to decompose the clusters in which water molecules are gathered, it will hinder the decomposition of water molecules themselves. Therefore, it is desirable to decompose the cluster as much as possible in advance before irradiating with ultrasonic waves in order to effectively promote the decomposition of water molecules, but this is not the case when the cluster is pre-decomposed. It has been found in a comparative experiment of the pH value and the ORP value with the case. Therefore, assuming that the number of water molecules constituting the cluster is tens to hundreds, first, the cluster should be vibrated or shocked to decompose the cluster or loosen the bond. , The simple and effective means is to irradiate electromagnetic waves with appropriate and sufficient frequencies in the infrared region. It is efficient to irradiate as a band, and several kinds of ores such as titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, and magnesium oxide are recommended.

In the reformation of fuel oil performed using the same ultrasonic waves, the fuel oil is divided and decomposed at the same time as the decomposition of water molecules, but the division and decomposition of fuel oil is different from the decomposition of water, and ultrasonic waves are used. It is said that it is due to the high-speed flow caused by the cavity crushed by cavitation and the local shear stress caused by the propagation of ultrasonic waves. Due to the cavity formed mainly by water, the fuel oil molecules are strongly affected by crushing, and the decomposition component of water and the fuel oil are separated and recombined with the decomposition component, which is completed within a short time. At the time point, it is necessary that the fuel oil molecules have a certain degree of hydration and are distributed and scattered in the very vicinity of the water molecules. For that purpose, the fuel oil and water should be sufficiently agitated in advance. It needs to be mixed with fine particles. Although heavy oil has a slight hydrophilicity, an example of a coping method in the case of an oil type having almost no hydration such as light oil is as described in Japanese Patent No. 5963171. As a result, the fuel oil reformer of the present invention enables reforming such as converting water into fuel oil without using any surfactant.

There is usually a phase difference between the ultrasonic waves newly emitted from the vibrating front plate and the ultrasonic waves reflected by the reflecting plate and slightly attenuated and incident on the vibrating front plate, but the vibrating front plate is an ultrasonic transducer. Since it is indirectly fixed to the processing container via the above, the waveform of the generated ultrasonic waves can be changed by adjusting the separation distance from the vibration front plate by manually or automatically moving the reflector, and the liquid to be processed. While checking the occurrence of ultrasonic cavitation inside, it is possible to check and grasp the separation distance that brings about the maximum effect. To easily check the state of ultrasonic cavitation, it is necessary to provide an observation hole in the processing container to observe the state between the two plates and observe the state of minute bubbles generated, but both with an optical sensor. There is also a way to check the situation between the boards.

When water molecules are decomposed using infrared rays and ultrasonic cavitation in this way, the ORP of the measured value indicating the redox potential of water decreases, and the pH indicating acid alkalinity tends to be inclined to the alkaline side. Under normal conditions, the same number of decomposed OH- ^and H ⁺ appear in water, and the pH is also neutral 7, but some of the hydrogen atoms H ⁺ finally produced after being decomposed by the above method are partially produced. OH ⁻ becomes predominant due to the combination to form hydrogen molecule H ₂ , and the water becomes alkaline. On the other hand, if a large amount of H ⁺ and H ₂ is detected, the ORP showing the redox potential is shown to be dominant in reducing property and is lowered, and sometimes it is shown as a negative value. Therefore, these two types of measured values are It is a powerful indicator of the degree of water decomposition.

On the other hand, it is desirable that the viscosity of the fuel oil used for reforming is approximately 10 to 15 cm Stokes or less, because of the good mixing of fuel oil and water, and in the flow paths of pipes, pumps, etc. Produced for smooth flow in fuel oil and for the fuel oil molecules to be easily decomposed by the high-speed flow caused by the destruction of ultrasonic cavitation and the local shear stress associated with vibration propagation. This is because the mobility of fuel oil fragments and the like is improved and the reactivity is increased by the subsequent coupling, and further, the output of the ultrasonic transducer required for generating ultrasonic cavitation is reduced, in particular. It is necessary to reduce the viscosity of heavy oil or waste oil, which has a high viscosity at room temperature, but a simple method is to heat the fuel oil to a high temperature.

Since fuel oil has a lower vapor pressure and higher viscosity than water, it is less likely to be taken into the cavity of ultrasonic waves, and the fuel oil around the cavity is subject to high-speed flow caused by crushing the cavity and local shear stress during vibration propagation. It is divided and decomposed depending on the fuel, but the divided and decomposed components start to bond instantly due to the bonding force acting between elements such as carbon and hydrogen, and are similar to the original fuel oil molecule. It grows to a large size. When the fuel oil is sufficiently stirred and mixed with water in advance, the fuel oil is divided and the decomposition components are hydroxide ions (OH- ⁾ and hydrogen ions (H), which are decomposition products of water dispersed around the fuel oil. ⁺ ) Or oxonium ion ( _H3O ⁺ ) in which hydrogen ion and water molecule are bonded, or residual single water molecule, etc. are incorporated to create a fuel oil having a new composition. This is clearly different from the conventionally known water emulsion fuel in which water is incorporated into the fuel oil as water, and the hydrogen bond that is the main body of the bond is compared with other bonds. Although it is said to be a weak bond of about 10%, it does not separate easily, and a large part of the hydrogen atoms incorporated in the process of this bond causes the above-mentioned sub-K shell phenomenon at the stage of combustion. Become.

The characteristic phenomenon of this reformed oil is that, for example, in the case of heavy fuel oil C, the reformed oil obtained compared to the original fuel oil shows an improvement in fluidity at room temperature when the container is picked up. On the contrary, the measured value is displayed as high viscosity, which indicates that the constituent molecules of the reformed oil are shortened, but on the other hand, it has a complicated shape by incorporating various decomposition components. It is presumed that when the temperature rises to 50 ° C. at the time of measuring the viscosity of heavy oil in JIS, the entanglement between complicated constituent molecules increases, and as a result, the measured value of the viscosity increases. Such a property is a case where the ultrasonic treatment of the mixed liquid of fuel oil and water is kept within 2 to 3 times by using the oil reformer shown in FIG. 2, and the repetition is more than 2 times. A sharp increase in viscosity is seen in the mixed solution during treatment.

Of course, air is dissolved in the fuel oil in the water, but in order to enhance the effect of ultrasonic cavitation, at least the water is degassed by the deaerator before the liquid to be treated flows into the treatment container. It is necessary to do.

Ultrasonic cavitation is characterized in that when high temperature, high pressure, and high speed flow occur in the cavity, which is a small void, due to crushing, the effect extends to the vicinity, and the object is divided and decomposed by it. Also in the present invention, the action of ultrasonic cavitation on water or fuel oil such as division and decomposition is utilized, but hydrogen peroxide produced in the decomposition process of water or its change and becomes radical. Because of its strong oxidizing action, it is a harmful substance in the reformation of water or fuel oil, and it is necessary to suppress the production of hydrogen peroxide and its radicalization. However, since there is an unavoidable relationship that hydrogen peroxide appears in the generation of cavitation in the presence of water molecules, ultrasonic waves that generate hydrogen peroxide and radicalize it while generating cavitation by ultrasonic waves. The problem is how to reduce the energy of hydrogen peroxide, and the present invention overcomes the problem by various measures. By these measures, first, water decomposition has a low ORP and an excellent alkalinity, and a reformed fuel oil can be obtained by mixing with a wide variety of fuel oils.

By spraying and injecting the reformed water obtained by the present invention into the combustion flame of a general fossil fuel similar to gas or coal, a sub-K shell phenomenon is generated in the combustion flame to improve fuel efficiency. At the same time, it can be applied to applications such as suppressing the emission of CO ₂ , which is a causative substance of global warming.

Further, the reformed oil obtained by using the fuel oil reformer of the present invention exerts various effects, but the typical ones are the fuel efficiency improving effect and the reduction of greenhouse gases, which are compared with the original fuel oil. By adding cheap water, it will be converted to the same amount of fuel, which will enable a significant reduction in fuel costs, and will naturally reduce CO ₂ emissions, contributing to global warming countermeasures. It can be said that it is environmentally friendly.

When improving fuel efficiency in an internal combustion engine that uses fuel oil, the properties of the reformed oil deviate from the original fuel oil according to the proportion of water used for mixing. In addition to needing to confirm that there is, it is also necessary to pay attention to the specified value when using it as a heat source for boilers, turbines, furnaces, etc.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of a main part of the water or fuel oil reforming apparatus according to claim 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a main part of a water or fuel oil reformer provided with an impeller for causing a swirling flow in the liquid to be treated according to claim 2 of the present invention, and shows differences from FIG. 1. It is the main part vertical sectional view of the fuel oil reforming apparatus used for the fuel oil reforming test.

The apparatus shown in FIG. 3 is a fuel oil reforming apparatus used in the process leading up to the present invention, and hydrogen peroxide is used as a fuel through the fact that the reforming is influenced by changing the fuel supplied to the apparatus. We found that it was an obstacle to reforming. The outline of the device is that the position of the partition plate / ultrasonic reflector 6 and the ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz are fixed, and the ultrasonic waves emitted from the fixed horn 5 are the inner wall of the processing container 1 and the partition plate / ultrasonic reflection. The main components are SiO ₂ and TiO ₂ that are reflected between the plate 6 and the fixed portion of the ultrasonic transducer and radiate electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of about 2 to 3 μm to 1 mm through the partition plate and ultrasonic reflector 6. The structure is such that the ceramic sphere 3 having a diameter of 8 to 15 mm is irradiated. We tried using this fuel oil reformer and found two types of fuel oil, A heavy oil and C heavy oil residue oil, both of which contain a relatively large amount of sulfur. None of the low sulfur A heavy oils of 0.5% or less gave good results even though they were treated under the same conditions. The low sulfur type of C heavy oil was not available at the time of trial because it was not distributed.

The fuel oil reforming procedure performed for each heavy oil is as follows: First, tap water of ORP +550 to +565 mV is passed through a container filled with ceramic balls separately provided as a pretreatment of water to be mixed, and ORP is performed at a water temperature of 25 ° C. After setting the value to +110 to +120 mV, the mixture is passed through a degassing device, and then a mixture of heavy oil and heavy oil is allowed to flow in from the inlet 2 of the liquid to be treated shown in FIG. 3, while the piping system and fuel oil are reformed. The temperature of the device was raised by changing the set temperature of the electric heater attached to each device, and then the irradiation of ultrasonic waves was carried out. According to this procedure, several Bernoulli trials were performed under different conditions such as changing the heating temperature or using heavy oil with different sulfur contents. Table 2 shows an example of reforming the residual oil of C heavy oil, and the heating temperature is set to about 64 to 65 ° C for A heavy oil and about 94 to 95 for C heavy oil. It was carried out at a temperature of 10 ° C., and according to the data, the viscosity was 10 to 15 cm Stokes or less at these temperatures.

As described above, the ultrasonic irradiation unit 8 of the fuel oil reformer shown in FIG. 3, which was used when the trial was repeated many times, hit each part centering on the ultrasonic irradiation unit 8 after being emitted from the fixed horn 5. It is filled with repeatedly reflected ultrasonic waves, but this situation related to ultrasonic waves is common to all the fuel oils tested, but it is the cause of the difference in the result of fuel oil reforming. As a result of the additional consideration, it is judged that it is the relationship between the sulfur content in the fuel oil and hydrogen peroxide. That is, it is known that hydrogen hydrogen changes to a substance with radicality when it receives strong energy such as light, heat or wave, among multiple substances produced when water is decomposed by ultrasonic cavitation. However, the radical substance oxidizes the hydrogen atom produced by the decomposition of water and returns it to the original water, resulting in the same phenomenon as the decomposition of water did not proceed. It will be. However, sulfur has the resolution of hydrogen peroxide, and in the case of heavy A heavy oil with a high sulfur content, the hydrogen peroxide once generated is decomposed and disappears, and the hydrogen atoms generated by the decomposition of water are preserved to reform the fuel oil. It is judged that the result was good as shown in Table 1. To give another example, the modification example for light oil is as shown in Japanese Patent No. 5963171, but the decomposition of water molecules is negligible while the sulfur content of light oil at that time is 0.05% or less according to the regulations. It can be said that good results were obtained without being affected by hydrogen peroxide because the method uses a magnetic field instead of ultrasonic waves and the generated magnetic field is relatively weak.

Based on these results, the water or fuel oil reformer of the present invention is modified with the focus on suppressing the production of electromagnetic waves, which is an obstacle in their reforming, and the device shown in FIG. We will add a new function, but the diameter is 8 to 15 mm, which is mainly composed of SiO ₂ , which emits electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of about ₂ to 3 μm to 1 mm, which is separately provided as a pretreatment for the water supplied to the device. By passing through a container filled with the ceramic spheres of the above, general tap water of ORP +450 to +580 mV class is reduced by about 440 to 450 mV in ORP value. After that, pass through the deaerator, and if water is to be treated, pass it through a static mixer as it is, and if the liquid that is a mixture of fuel oil and water is the liquid to be treated, if the fuel oil is heavy oil. For example, heavy oil and water supplied from another pipe are passed through a static mixer to stir and mix the heavy oil and water, and then the liquid to be treated is the liquid to be treated in the treatment container 1 shown in FIG. In the case of heavy oil, the set temperature of the electric heater attached to the piping system and the fuel oil reformer is adjusted so that the standard viscosity is 10 to 15 cm Stokes or less. Further, when the fuel oil is a non-hydrophilic oil type such as light oil, it is necessary to impart hydrophilicity before passing it through a static mixer together with water, and an example thereof is as described in Japanese Patent No. 5963171. Is ejected from the aspirator using an oil pump of about 60 atm, and the water that has been irradiated with infrared rays and degassed is supplied at a volume ratio of about 5% with the fuel oil, and both liquids are supplied into a static mixer. It is to be used to mix fine particles.

In a preferred embodiment of the water or fuel oil reformer of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 1, a ceramic ball filling portion 3 and an ultrasonic transducer 4 are placed in a processing container 1 constituting a flow path of the liquid to be processed. The liquid to be treated is arranged and introduced from the inlet 2 of the liquid to be treated toward the filling portion 3 of the ceramic sphere, and is processed by passing through the portion, while the vibration from the ultrasonic vibrator 4 is generated. Vibration An ultrasonic wave is generated between the front plate 5 and the reflector 7, but the ultrasonic wave that travels back and forth due to the movement of the reflector 7 by the moving mechanism becomes a standing wave or a wave close to it, and both plates. The liquid to be treated that has flowed in between is treated, and then the treated liquid is configured to be discharged from the ultrasonic transducer 4 side to the outside of the treatment container. 6 is a partition plate, 8 is an ultrasonic irradiation unit, 9 is an outlet of the processed liquid to be processed, 10 is a flow of the liquid to be processed, 11 is an ultrasonic oscillator for measurement, 12 is an ultrasonic receiver for measurement, and 13 is reflection. A plate shaft, 14 is a motor shaft, 15 is a shaft connection, 16 is a motor, and 17 is a motor drive and control wiring.

In FIG. 1, the liquid to be treated is treated by passing through the filling portion 3 of the ceramic, which mainly decomposes water clusters by the infrared rays radiated from the ceramic, and at the same time partially decomposes water. However, the vibration of the ultrasonic transducer 4 is indirectly transmitted to the ceramic through the processing container 1, and the ultrasonic waves from the vibration front plate 5 are indirectly transmitted from the opening of the reflecting plate to the ceramic through the partition plate 6. The emission of infrared rays from the ceramic will be even stronger. It should be noted that this ceramic sphere is an example, and a ceramic molded product having the same function can be used, and if the same effect as described above is obtained, it is not necessary to store it in the processing container 1 and it is independent. It may be in a container.

Next, the liquid to be treated is irradiated with ultrasonic waves, and the state of the ultrasonic waves is schematically shown by a large number of dots in FIG. This is an ultrasonic wave that goes back and forth between both plates of the vibrating front plate 5 and the reflecting plate 7, and the ultrasonic wave is superimposed on the reflected wave returning from the reflecting plate while being attenuated in addition to the new ultrasonic wave from the vibrating front plate 5. It is a standing wave or a wave close to it, depending on the mechanism described later. As shown by the flow of the liquid to be treated 10 in FIG. 1, the flow path of the liquid to be treated is advanced in the direction of the upper vibration front plate 5 which has flowed between the two plates from the opening of the reflective plate 7, and then between the two plates. By allowing the ultrasonic waves to flow back and forth after crossing the ultrasonic waves, all of the liquids to be treated can be subjected to the action of ultrasonic cavitation caused by ultrasonic waves with a standing wave or a waveform close to it, and the liquids to be treated can be treated multiple times. The total amount of can ensure the action from the ultrasonic waves. In addition to the above, if the location of the ultrasonic wave that travels back and forth between the two plates is brought closer to a cylindrical shape with a uniform thickness centered on the opening, the ultrasonic wave that flows in and back and forth from the opening of the reflector 7 is crossed. It is possible to considerably equalize the irradiation of the liquid to be treated with ultrasonic waves, and it is an effective method for suppressing the production of excess hydrogen hydrogen while obtaining the effect of ultrasonic waves.

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment partially different from the above, and shows differences from FIG. 1. In both figures, the ultrasonic waves that go back and forth between the two plates are shown by a large number of dots. In FIG. 2, the reflector 7 has no opening, and the rotation coaxial with the shaft 13 of the reflector on the upstream side of the reflector 7. An impeller 18 attached to the shaft is arranged so that the liquid to be treated is swirled by its rotation and then flows into the space between the two plates. As a result, the flow 10 of the liquid to be processed is swirled between both plates multiple times, and the action of ultrasonic cavitation caused by the standing wave of ultrasonic waves appearing between both plates or the ultrasonic wave having a waveform close to it is processed. The liquid will be received almost evenly, but making the liquid to be treated a swirling flow in this way is an effective method in that it suppresses the production of excess hydrogen peroxide while obtaining the effect of ultrasonic waves. be. The driving force of the impeller 18 is transmitted from a drive source installed outside the processing container 1 by the bevel gear drive shaft 20, and 19 is an impeller support material.

The point to be noted here is the direction of the flow of the liquid to be treated, and since there is one standing wave peak and valley per wavelength, the vector of the flow direction of the liquid to be treated is to be effectively affected by ultrasonic cavitation. It is necessary to increase the overlap between the component and the vector indicating the direction of the standing wave, which is taken into consideration in FIGS. 1 and 2, but the Doppler effect occurs when the flow velocity of the liquid to be treated is high. It is also necessary to pay attention to the plus and minus of. From the characteristics of each of the methods shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be said that the method shown in FIG. 2 is suitable when the flow rate of the liquid to be treated is high or the amount of the liquid to be treated is large.

In order to generate a stationary wave or a waveform close to it between the two plates, the reflector 7 is moved to adjust the separation distance between the two plates. Since the value divided by the frequency is the wavelength, in the case of the automatic type, the ultrasonic oscillator 11 for measurement and the ultrasonic receiver 12 for measurement are attached at opposite positions across the processing container 1, and the ultrasonic waves for measurement are transmitted and received. The velocity of the ultrasonic waves in the liquid to be processed is obtained from the time difference of the above, and the velocity signal indicating that, the signal indicating the frequency of the ultrasonic waves, the multiple signal indicating the multiple of the required wavelength, etc. The required separation distance between the vibration front plate 5 and the reflector 7 is calculated by inputting to an external calculation device, the motor 16 is driven through the motor drive and control wiring 17, and the reflection attached to the shaft 13 of the reflector. The plate 7 is moved so as to have the calculated separation distance, and the subsequent fine adjustment of the separation distance is to change the ORP indicating the oxidation-reduction potential and the pH indicating the acid alkalinity, and the fuel, in the modification of water. In oil reforming, the allowable residual water content is measured, and each signal is input to the arithmetic unit and controlled by feedback.

In order to suppress the transformation of hydrogen peroxide into a substance with radicality, as described above, the power density of the ultrasonic waves that cause ultrasonic cavitation should be close to the minimum required for generation, and excess ultrasonic waves should be used. It is to be excluded, but at the same time, the liquid to be treated is irradiated with ultrasonic waves almost evenly, and the relationship between the power density and frequency required for the occurrence of cavitation has already been clarified, so the relationship curve. First, determine the frequency that can be selected arbitrarily with reference to. In the present invention, the same ultrasonic waves are used to decompose water, that is, reform water and decompose fuel oil, but the cavity is for water and the cavity is for fuel oil. Since the vicinity is the main reaction field, it is necessary to consider the reaction inside and outside the cavity when selecting the frequency.

Cavities are created by the height difference of fluctuating sound pressure, and usually proceed in the order of formation, expansion, contraction, expansion, and crushing, but the reflected wave is used to cause abrupt fluctuation of sound pressure. From the expansion after formation to crushing, it will proceed at once. In addition, if the frequency of ultrasonic vibration, that is, the frequency of the vibration front plate, is determined, the wave number generated between the two plates is calculated from the speed of the ultrasonic waves in the liquid to be processed. The maximum number of crushing times between both plates can be obtained. In the present invention, for the purpose of ensuring that the liquid to be treated passes through a portion of a sudden difference in sound pressure due to ultrasonic waves and is surely crushed, after the flow path of the liquid to be treated flows in from the opening of the reflector. It is set to cross the ultrasonic vibration part generated between both plates multiple times diagonally. On the other hand, as mentioned above, the fuel oil is decomposed by the high-speed flow generated by the crushing of the cavity and the local shear stress caused by the propagation of sound waves. It indicates that there is a vulnerable part to stress, and therefore, the frequency of ultrasonic vibration, that is, the frequency of the vibration front plate, has a range of frequencies that can exert an effect on the oil type. Can be read. It can be confirmed that the 20 KHz used in the device shown in FIG. 3 which showed good results is within the frequency range suitable for heavy oil systems, but at the same time, it is possible to confirm that it is in the range of light and medium oils such as light oil from the general theory of responsiveness to vibration. Since the main component, linear hydrocarbon, is shorter than that of heavy oil, it shows that a frequency higher than 20 KHz is suitable.

After selecting the frequency, the standard separation distance between the vibration front plate 5 and the reflector 7 will be determined based on the speed of the ultrasonic waves in the liquid to be processed, but as mentioned above, the chance of crushing is one for standing waves. If the setting is such that the flow path of the liquid to be treated crosses diagonally with respect to the ultrasonic waves that travel back and forth because it is once in a wave, the separation distance is the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves in order to cause multiple crushing of the liquid to be treated. It is appropriate to multiply it by several times.

The method of determining the separation distance between the two plates can be selected from an automatic method and a manual method. In the case of the automatic type, after processing the liquid to be treated, the liquid for sampling is extracted with a thin tube, the ORP and pH are automatically measured in the case of water, and the residual water content is automatically measured in the case of fuel oil. The separation distance can be optimized by feeding back to the circuit controlling the position of the reflector 7. In the case of the manual type, various experimental data obtained are accumulated and the separation distance is determined manually by referring to it. In addition, especially when the water is treated under a constant water temperature, the optimum separation distance is used. Once it is known, it is sufficient to manually set the same separation distance for another processing device of the same type, and it is not necessary to make it automatic.

The velocity of ultrasonic waves in the liquid to be treated differs depending on the type of liquid, conditions, etc. For example, the velocity in water changes depending on the temperature, forming a mountain-shaped curve with a peak of 74 ° C, and mixing of fuel oil and water. If it is a liquid, the mixing ratio will of course differ depending on the type and temperature of the fuel oil, the ratio of existing bubbles, and the like. Therefore, regardless of whether the separation distance is determined automatically or manually, detecting the ultrasonic velocity in the liquid to be processed by the velocity detector confirms the wavelength of the ultrasonic waves generated between the two plates. However, it is necessary to keep it in control.

In the judgment of the function as a fuel oil reformer, if the function is sufficiently fulfilled, the amount of water remaining in the reformed fuel is extremely small, and apart from the judgment of the water content by analysis, it is static for a certain period of time. Depending on the type of oil, it is possible to judge the quality of the function as a fuel oil reformer by visual inspection after installation. In addition, depending on the type of oil and its use, the content of water is not permitted. In this case, the residual water should be separated by an oil-water separator so that the fuel oil is within the allowable range after reforming. It is possible to deal with it.

Although the water used does not need to be at the level of pure water, it is desirable to take appropriate measures such as removing chlorine and other impurities, but as mentioned above, the water cluster seizes the opportunity and at what stage. Even if it is small, it is better to keep it small, and if the liquid to be treated can be irradiated with infrared rays from the ceramic at the stage immediately before the treatment by ultrasonic waves, the ceramic passes through the opening of the reflector. It can be said that it is effective only because it is excited by being irradiated with ultrasonic waves or the like.

When reforming fuel oil with relatively high viscosity such as heavy oil, it is necessary to increase the output of the ultrasonic transducer compared to when reforming fuel oil with low viscosity, but it is due to the presence of excess ultrasonic energy. This will lead to increased generation of hydrogen peroxide. Under such circumstances, if hydrogen peroxide cannot be suppressed within the permissible range, it is an auxiliary means, but it is to inject electrons into the liquid to be treated from a direct current negative electrode, and the electron injection process. It is desirable to perform this at the stage before the liquid to be treated flows into the treatment container or on the upstream side of the reflector after flowing into the treatment container. Dielectrics have the characteristic of retaining electric charges such as electrons, and hydrogen peroxide generated by ultrasonic irradiation receives electrons and returns to water.

Hereinafter, the invention of the present application will be described in detail with reference to examples related to the invention of the present application. However, these examples show one embodiment based on the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

FIG. 1 is an improvement of FIG. 3 based on the results and findings of a large number of trials performed using the apparatus of FIG. 3, and has the following features. That is, the reflected wave can be controlled by moving the reflector, and the liquid to be treated can be subjected to the action of ultrasonic cavitation almost evenly. That is, in FIG. 1, the 50 KHz ultrasonic wave emitted from the vibrating front plate 5 in which two ultrasonic transducers 4 are connected is reflected by the reflecting plate 7 and then incidents on the vibrating front plate 5, but the reflected wave thereof. A new ultrasonic wave from the vibration front plate 5 is synthesized and heads toward the reflector plate 7, and an ultrasonic wave that goes back and forth between the two plates is generated. When the liquid to be treated is water, if the underwater velocity of the ultrasonic wave is 1500 m / s, the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave of 50 KHz is 3.0 cm, and if 7 wavelengths are inserted between the two plates, the separation distance is 21.0 cm. .. Further, when the liquid to be treated is a mixed liquid of fuel oil and water, if the ultrasonic wave speed is 1350 m / s, the wavelength of the ultrasonic wave of 50 KHz is 2.7 cm, and if 7 wavelengths are inserted between the two plates. The separation distance is 18.9 cm. Although the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is set to 50 KHz, it can be selected and changed so as to give a good result according to the characteristics of the liquid to be treated and the shape, dimensions, flow velocity, etc. of the treatment device.

Further, in FIG. 1, the movement of the reflector 7 is automated for the purpose of adjusting the phase difference between the reflected wave from the reflector 7 incident on the vibration front plate 5 and the new ultrasonic wave from the vibration front plate 5. As an example, it is the same as in FIG. 3 that the liquid to be treated that has flowed in from the inlet 2 of the liquid to be treated is treated and flows out from the outlet 9 of the liquid to be treated, but is provided with a mechanism for moving the reflector 7. The ultrasonic wave oscillated from the measurement ultrasonic oscillator 11 is received by the measurement ultrasonic receiver 12, the speed of the ultrasonic wave in the liquid to be processed is obtained from the time difference, and the speed is divided by the ultrasonic frequency of 50 KHz. The ultrasonic wave wavelength can be obtained by this, and in FIG. 1, the distance obtained by multiplying the obtained wavelength by 7 times is defined as the immediate separation distance between the two plates. In this case, the number 7 is also the number of times the ultrasonic cavitation existing between the two plates is crushed, but the number of times the liquid to be treated is crushed before it flows in from the opening of the reflector 7 and passes through the vibrating front plate 5. Is estimated to be 3 to 4 times from the flow path, and it is appropriate to make a judgment while looking at the result for this number of times and change the separation distance.

A part of the treated liquid to be treated obtained from the outlet 9 of the treated liquid to be treated is guided to the measuring device, and the ORP and pH are measured if the water is reformed, and the residual water content is measured if the fuel oil is reformed. Then, after comparing with the judgment criteria, in order to finely adjust the separation distance between the two plates, the position of the reflector is changed back and forth and feedback control is applied to adjust to the optimum position. After converting each value of the above into an electric signal, it is input to a separately installed arithmetic device to calculate the separation distance between the two plates, and the motor 16 is driven by the control signal to connect the reflector 7 to the shaft 13 of the reflector. The position will be fixed. A direct-acting stepping motor is suitable as the motor to be used, and it is desirable to use a reduction gear in relation to precise position control. Further, in order to make it easier to find the position where the phase difference is zero when the reflector 7 is moved, a step is provided on the surface of both or one of the vibration front plate 5 and the reflector 7, and the distance between the two plates differs depending on the part. This is one of the effective means, but the wavelength of the back and forth wave is widened and lacks sharpness.

Table 1 shows an example of oil reforming using 3000 mL of A heavy oil and 700 mL of water (23.3% of A heavy oil ratio) using the apparatus shown in FIG. 3 as a representative example of A heavy oil, and C heavy oil-based residual oil. Table 2 shows an example of oil reforming performed on 3000 ml and 990 ml of water (residual oil ratio 33%).

The volume of reformed oil obtained in many trials, including the amounts illustrated in Tables 1 and 2, is reduced by about 10% of the volume of added water, but the volume is reduced. If the minute is calculated as 10%, the total calorific value, which is the product of the calorific value per unit weight of the reformed oil and the weight, increases by 20.7% for heavy fuel oil A and 17.7% for heavy fuel oil C. It can be confirmed that the fuel oil has been reformed. However, since the specific gravity of A heavy oil in Table 1 has not been measured and is not described, the standard specific density of A heavy oil before treatment is 0.86, and the specific density after treatment is conservatively the same value. It is set to 0.86. In addition, there was no sign of evaporation of water and other substances during the treatment, and no particular change was observed in the weight before and after the treatment.

1 Treatment container 2 Inlet of liquid to be treated 3 Ceramic ball 4 Ultrasonic transducer 5 Vibration front plate (Figs. 1 and 2)
Fixed horn (Fig. 3)
6 Partition plate (Fig. 1, Fig. 2)
Partition plate and ultrasonic reflector (Fig. 3)
7 Reflector (Figs. 1 and 2)
8 Ultrasonic irradiation unit 9 Outlet of processed liquid to be processed 10 Flow of liquid to be processed 11 Ultrasonic oscillator for measurement (Figs. 1 and 2)
12 Measurement ultrasonic receiver (Figs. 1 and 2)
13 Reflector shaft (Figs. 1 and 2)
14 Motor shaft (Fig. 1)
15 Shaft connection (Fig. 1)
16 motor (Fig. 1)
17 Motor drive, control wiring (Fig. 1)
18 Impeller (Fig. 2)
19 Impeller support material (Fig. 2)
20 Bevel gear drive shaft (Fig. 2)

The characteristic phenomenon of this reformed oil is that, for example, in the case of heavy fuel oil C, the reformed oil obtained compared to the original fuel oil shows an improvement in fluidity at room temperature when the container is picked up. On the contrary, the measured value is displayed as high viscosity, which indicates that the constituent molecules of the reformed oil are shortened, but on the other hand, it has a complicated shape by incorporating various decomposition components. It is presumed that when the temperature rises to 50 ° C. at the time of measuring the viscosity of heavy oil in JIS, the entanglement between complicated constituent molecules increases, and as a result, the measured value of the viscosity increases. Such properties are when the ultrasonic treatment of the mixed liquid of fuel oil and water is kept within 2 to 3 times by using the oil reformer shown in FIG. 3 , and the repetition is more than 2 times. A sharp increase in viscosity is seen in the mixed solution during treatment.

Claims (2)

An ultrasonic vibrator is fixed and installed inside a processing container that stores water or a liquid that is a mixture of fuel oil and water as a liquid to be treated, and a reflector is placed in front of the vibration front plate of the ultrasonic vibrator. It is composed of both ultrasonic waves newly emitted from the front surface of the vibrating front plate, reflection by the reflecting plate, and ultrasonic waves incident on the front surface of the vibrating front plate while receiving attenuation due to the passage of the liquid to be processed. Either the reflecting plate or the vibrating front plate is a mechanism that allows the synthetic wave to travel back and forth between the vibrating front plate and the reflecting plate, and the separation distance between the two plates can be adjusted by moving the reflecting plate. An opening is provided on one side so that the flow path of the liquid to be processed passing through the processing container passes through the opening and crosses the ultrasonic waves traveling back and forth between the vibration front plate and the reflection plate. Water or fuel oil reformer. No opening is provided in either the vibrating front plate or the reflector, and the main flow of the liquid to be processed passing through the processing container is a swirling flow toward the vibrating front plate or the reflector between the two plates. The water or fuel oil reforming apparatus according to claim 1.

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