JPH0842012A - Air-suction device, exhausting device, and ventilation device of building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To lessen the running sound generating out of an air-suction fan or an exhausting fan as a ventilation device of a building and reduce the odor contained in the exhaust gas. CONSTITUTION:Openings 14 with louvers are provided at respective gable end faces 20, 30 of a roof-space 12 of a building 10 and slanting members diagonally extending upward to the respective openings 14 and positioned to face the middle of openings at the top with a ventilation space, are installed on the floor of the roof-space 12. A first baffle plate 23 is erected to form an airsuction chamber 25 between the plate and the gable endface and a second buffle plate 33 is erected to form an exhaust gas chamber 35 between the plate and the gable endface. The airsuction chamber 25 and the exhaust gas chamber 35 are connected to the room 10' below the ceiling respectively.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building, for example, a house for living, a building covering a treatment facility for sewage or industrial wastewater, a livestock breeding house, an intake device for a warehouse, an exhaust device, and a ventilation device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art FIGS. 9 and 10 show a conventional ventilation device provided on a wall of a concrete one-story building that covers a sewage treatment facility. At least two openings 2 are provided on the wall 1,
In the case of FIG. 9, a louver 3 is provided in each opening, an intake fan is installed in one opening inside the gallery, and an exhaust fan is installed in the other one opening. Exhaust to the outside with an exhaust fan and perform ventilation. Further, in the case of FIG. 10, the hood 4 projecting outdoors is attached to each opening, an intake fan for sucking outside air into the room is attached to the inside of one opening, and the inside of the other one opening is attached. Ventilation is performed by installing an exhaust fan that exhausts the indoor air to the outside through the hood.

[0003]

Since the opening 2 is provided at a height that is about the height of a human being, the human being is directly exposed to the exhaust gas and feels an odor, a sound, a dirt, and gives an uncomfortable feeling. In addition, the intake air also sucks dirt and dust into the room. In addition, the driving sounds of the intake fan and exhaust fan reach the human directly and feel noisy. And since the sound is transmitted to the surroundings, the building feels noisy, especially at midnight when the surroundings are quiet.

[0004]

The present invention was developed in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an air intake device for a building according to the present invention has an opening with a rattle on the end face of the space above the ceiling of the building. The floor of the space above the ceiling extends diagonally upward toward the opening, and the upper end of the baffle plate is provided upright with inclined portions whose upper ends are opposed to the middle of the opening while maintaining a ventilation interval. An intake chamber is formed between the end face and the end face, and the intake chamber and a room under the ceiling are communicated with each other. Further, the exhaust system for a building of the present invention is provided with an opening with a louver on the end face of the space above the ceiling of the building, the floor of the space above the ceiling extends obliquely upward toward the opening, and the upper end is in the middle of the opening. And a baffle plate provided with an inclined portion facing each other with a ventilation interval maintained, an exhaust chamber is formed between the baffle plate and the end face, and the exhaust chamber and a room under the ceiling are communicated with each other. Is characterized by. The ventilation device for a building of the present invention is provided with openings with galleries on different gable surfaces of the space above the ceiling of the building, and the floor of the space above the ceiling individually extends obliquely upward toward the opening and has an upper end. A first baffle plate that has an inclined portion that faces the middle of the opening with a ventilation interval and forms an intake chamber with the end face, and a second baffle plate that forms an exhaust chamber with the end face. Is installed upright, and the intake chamber and the exhaust chamber are individually connected to a room under the ceiling.

[0005]

1 to 5 show a ventilation system for a building according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a roof 13 of a gabled house and at least two wives are mounted on a ceiling slab 11 of a one-story building 10 made of concrete. The ceiling space 12 having the surfaces 20 and 30 is constructed of a wooden shed. The building 10 is for covering the sewage treatment facility, and the hut in the space 12 above the ceiling may be either a Japanese hut or a Western hut. Further, when the roof 13 is concrete-cast, it is preferable that the inner surface is subjected to sound absorption processing. An opening 14 is provided in each gable surface, a louver 15 is provided inside the opening, and a grid 16 is provided outside the opening and apart from the louver to partially close the opening.
To the wall. The louver 15 closes the area of the opening by, for example, about 30%. Further, the grid 16 is 30 × 45 mm to 3
A plurality of pieces of wood of about 0 × 60 mm square are arranged vertically, and the area of the opening is blocked by 50%, for example. Since the roof is a purlin, the eaves roofs 21 and 3 whose upper ends are located at the lower edges of the openings 14 between the gable faces 20 and 30 and the eaves girders at the outer ends of the ceiling 11.
1 is provided.

On the floor 17 of the attic space 12 which is the upper surface of the ceiling 11, there is provided a first baffle plate 23 having an inclined portion 24 extending obliquely upward toward the opening 14 of the one end face 20,
A second baffle plate 33 having an inclined portion 34 that extends obliquely upward toward the opening 14 of the other end face 30 is provided, and between the first baffle plate 23 and the end face 20, the eaves roof 21 in this embodiment. The intake chamber 25 is formed, and the second baffle plate 3
An exhaust chamber 33 is formed between 3 and the end face 30, and in this embodiment, the eaves roof 31.

Each of the baffle plates 23 and 33 is made of a wooden board or a sound absorbing board, and its upper end is located above the lower surface of the opening 14. Therefore, the upper ends of the inclined portions 24 and 34 of the baffle plates are located in the middle of the opening 14 and the ventilation intervals 26 and 36 of about 50 cm.
Keep facing each other. Intake and exhaust chambers have ventilation intervals of 26, 3
It has a generally quadrangular pyramid shape with 6 at the top. If necessary, sound absorbing processing is performed by applying a sound absorbing material to the inner surfaces of the intake chamber 25 and the exhaust chamber 35, for example, the upper surface of the floor 18 and the inner surfaces of the eaves roofs 21 and 31.

In this embodiment, in order to perform forced intake and forced exhaust, the ceiling 11 of the building is vertically penetrated to fix the inverted L-shaped intake duct 27 and the exhaust duct 37,
The lateral end 27a of the intake duct 27 is opened to the intake chamber 25, and the lateral end 37a of the exhaust duct 37 is connected to the exhaust chamber 35.
To open. In this embodiment, since the air intake duct and the air exhaust duct are penetrated through the ceiling 11 outside the air intake chamber and the air exhaust chamber, the respective lateral ends of the air intake duct and the air exhaust duct penetrate the baffle plate to reach the air intake chamber and the air exhaust chamber. Although the openings are provided, the intake duct and the exhaust duct may be penetrated through the ceiling 11 inside the intake chamber and the exhaust chamber. In this case, the length of the lateral portion of each duct is short. Then, the intake fan 28 is connected to the intake duct 27.
Of the exhaust fan 3 connected to the ceiling 11 while it was descending from the ceiling 11.
8 is also connected to the exhaust duct 37 halfway down from the ceiling 11.

FIG. 1 shows the intake and exhaust states during normal operation, in which the solid arrow indicates intake and the broken arrow indicates exhaust. From the space between the grate 16 and the galleries 15 on the left end 20 of the drawing, fresh air is partially introduced from the gap 26 into the intake chamber 25, and the rest is the space 12 above the ceiling.
The air that enters and enters the intake chamber is supplied to the room 10 ′ under the ceiling 11 by the intake duct 27 and the intake fan 28. The operation noise of the intake fan 28 connected to the duct 27 under the ceiling 11 cannot leak out through the opening 14 of the end face 20 because the intake chamber 25 has a large volume and is made of wood. Since the grid is placed about 3 to 6 cm outside the galleries, rain hits the galleries after hitting the grate, so even if there is a strong wind, the momentum will be lost, and the galleries will be able to prevent intrusion sufficiently, which will prevent the ceiling from entering. Do not enter the back space. Even when fine dust enters the intake chamber 25 through the air gap 26, the intake chamber has a large volume, and the velocity of the air flowing there is extremely slower than the velocity of passing through the dust, so the dust is Settles in the intake chamber and does not enter the intake duct.

The air in the room 10 'under the ceiling 11 enters the exhaust chamber 35 by the exhaust duct 37 and the exhaust fan 38. The operating noise of the exhaust fan is absorbed in the exhaust chamber. The air that has entered the exhaust chamber is discharged to the outside from the upper part of the exhaust chamber through the ventilation gap 36, the louver 15 of the end face 30 and the lattice 16. This air is diluted because it is discharged together with the fresh air that blows through the space 12 above the ceiling when it leaves the exhaust chamber from the ventilation space 36. And when going out from the gallery 15, the eaves roof 3
No more odor than before because it is diffused by 1 and further by the time it reaches the ground. In addition, the noise itself absorbs the sound itself, and by adjusting the air flow, the sound deadening effect is excellent.

FIG. 2 shows the state of intake and exhaust when wind is blowing on the end surface 20 on the intake side. Part of the air that has passed through the grid and the gallery enters the intake chamber 25 through the ventilation gap 26, and the rest blows through the space 12 above the ceiling. When the air blows through, the second baffle plate on the exhaust side gradually reduces the cross-sectional area of the space, so that the air speeds up, and the air goes out from the gutters and grate of the end face 30 on the exhaust side. As a result, the upper portion of the exhaust chamber is in a negative pressure state, so that the air in the room 10 ′ under the ceiling discharged to the exhaust chamber 35 by the exhaust fan 38 and the exhaust duct 37 is drawn into the negative pressure from the ventilation interval 36. Diluted and go out,
Further diluted outside.

FIG. 3 shows the state of intake and exhaust when wind is blowing on the end face 30 on the exhaust side. In this case, wife side 30
Since some fresh air that has passed through the grid and the galleries enters the exhaust chamber 35 through the ventilation interval 36, the air in the room 10 'under the ceiling discharged to the exhaust chamber by the exhaust fan and the exhaust duct mixes with the outside air. Therefore, it is diluted more than in the normal case of FIG. 1 and when the wind is blowing on the intake side gable surface of FIG. A part of the diluted air goes out from the grate and grate of the end face 30, but most of the diluted air is greatly diluted by the fresh outside air blown into the space 12 above the ceiling. Most of it goes out of the grate and lattice on the end face of the intake side, but a very small part enters the intake chamber through the ventilation gap 26 from the upper end of the first baffle plate 23. As a result, part of the exhaust gas is supplied to the room 10 'under the ceiling by the intake duct and the intake fan, but this state occurs only when strong wind blows on the exhaust side end face. The amount of air blown into the space above the ceiling from the louver of the end face 30 on the exhaust side is larger than usual, and the exhaust gas entrained therein is greatly diluted. The first baffle plate 2
Since the cross-sectional area of the space above the ceiling facing the gable face 20 in 3 is gradually reduced, the speed of the air flowing out from the gallery of the gable face 20 is accelerated, and the rate of being sucked into the intake chamber is small. Almost fresh air flows into the intake chamber and is supplied to the room under the ceiling, and there is no problem in practical use.

FIG. 6 shows a second embodiment of a ventilation system for a building according to the present invention, in which a gable roof and at least two gable faces 20, 30 are provided on a ceiling slab 11 of a one-story concrete building 10. The space 12 above the ceiling is made of wood to form a shed. Since the roof of this building is a gable, there is no eaves roof of the first embodiment, and vertical gable walls 22 and 32 are formed below the openings 14 of the gable surfaces 20 and 30, and the first baffle plate and gable wall 22 are provided. The first embodiment is the same as the first embodiment except that an intake chamber 25 is formed between the second baffle plate and the end wall 32.

In comparison with the second embodiment having a gabled roof, the first embodiment of the shack has a larger volume because the space under the eave roofs 21 and 31 forms part of the intake chamber and the exhaust chamber. At the same time, there are beams and bundles at the end of the gable wall, which complicates the structure. Therefore, the sound from the intake fan and exhaust fan is diffusely reflected and attenuated, and the sound absorption effect is great. As shown, it is difficult to get out of the louver 15 of the opening 14. But,
The second embodiment, in which the roof is a gable, functions similarly to the first embodiment by performing a sound absorbing process such as applying a sound absorbing material to the inner surfaces of the gable walls 22 and 32.

7 and 8 show a third embodiment of the ventilation system for a building according to the present invention.
This is an example. This third embodiment does not use an intake duct, an intake fan, an exhaust duct, and an exhaust fan for natural intake and natural exhaust, and a ventilation chamber corresponding to the intake chamber and the exhaust chamber on the floor 17 of the space 12 above the ceiling. This is the same as the first embodiment except that the ventilation openings 29, 39 are formed in the floor portions 25, 35. Of course, the roof may be gabled to be the same as in the second embodiment.

In this third embodiment, as shown in FIG.
When the wind blows at 0, the ventilation chamber 25 formed between the end surface 20 and the first baffle plate is the intake chamber, and the ventilation chamber 35 formed between the end surface 30 and the second baffle plate is the exhaust gas. Become a room. On the other hand, when the wind blows against the end face 30, the ventilation chamber 2
5 is an exhaust chamber, and the ventilation chamber 35 is an intake chamber. That is, the ventilation chamber on the windward side is the intake chamber, and the ventilation chamber on the leeward side is the exhaust chamber. Space 12 above the ceiling on the windward side
Part of the outside air blown into the air enters the ventilation chamber on the intake side by the baffle plate, and from here, the opening 29 of the floor 17 or 3
It is supplied to the room under the ceiling at 9. The air that blows through the space above the ceiling speeds up with the baffle plate on the leeward side, and blows out from the louver on the leeward side. As a result, a negative pressure is generated on the ventilation interval of the leeward passage, and the air in the room under the ceiling is sucked to the negative pressure, and rises to the ventilation interval from the opening of the floor 17 through the leeward ventilation chamber. , Mixes with the outside air that blows through the space 12 above the ceiling, and is diluted before going out. Therefore, in the case of this embodiment, considering the yearly wind direction of the place where the building is to be built, it is preferable to construct the end face 20 or 30 in the direction with the most upwind.

Further, in FIG. 8, a building is built with one end face, for example, 20 facing south and the other 30 facing north, so that natural intake and natural exhaust are performed due to a temperature difference. In other words, when there is no wind, the north side gable face generally has a lower temperature than the south side gable face, and the specific gravity of the air on the north side becomes heavier than that on the south side and descends downward. On the contrary, the specific gravity of the air on the south side rises because it is lighter than that on the north side. As a result, a part of the air that descends outside the north-side gable surface 30 passes through the gallery and enters the space above the ceiling,
A part of the gas is supplied to the room under the ceiling from the opening 39 through the ventilation space 36 and the ventilation chamber 35. Also, due to the suction force of the air rising outside the south gabled surface 20, the air in the room under the ceiling is opened 2
The air is sucked through the ventilation chamber 25, the ventilation space 26, and the ventilation interval 26, goes out from the louver, and rises.

In each of the illustrated embodiments, the baffle plate 2
3 and 33 are inclined from the floor 17, and the whole from the lower end to the upper end are inclined portions 24 and 34, but as shown by the broken line in FIG. 8, the lower half is perpendicular to the floor 17. Standing,
The upper half may be the inclined portions 24 and 34.

The lattice 16 outside the louver 15 is not always necessary, but if it is provided, it can prevent rain from entering the space above the ceiling even in the presence of wind, as described above.
The sound of the intake fan and exhaust fan that goes out through the galleries is diffusely reflected by the wood of the lattice to mute it. Furthermore, when you look at the hood and the hood, you can feel that the odor is psychologically radiated from it just by looking at it.
Since 0 and 30 galleries are hidden by the grid and are not understood, it does not cause such a psychological feeling,
Does not spoil the appearance of the building. Therefore, it is preferable to provide the grid outside the gallery.

In the case of a ventilation device, one or a plurality of intake devices and one or a plurality of exhaust devices are provided in one ceiling space 12 on different end faces, respectively. The forced intake device and forced exhaust device of FIGS.
8 may be independently installed, or the forced intake device of FIGS. 1 to 6, the natural exhaust device of FIGS. 7 and 8, or the natural intake device of FIGS. The forced exhaust devices 1 to 6 may be installed in one space above the ceiling to serve as a ventilation device.

The noise of a building having a ventilation system in which an intake fan and an exhaust fan are installed inside the gallery shown in FIG.
When measured at a distance of m, the background noise (noise when the intake fan and the exhaust fan were not operating) was 46 decibels, while the operating noise was 54 decibels, an increase of 8 decibels. On the other hand, the noise at a point 10 m away from the building equipped with the ventilation device of FIGS. It was found that the operating noises of the fan and exhaust fan were absorbed and reflected and hardly went out.

[0022]

In the air intake system of the present invention, the floor of the space above the ceiling extends obliquely upward toward the opening with the gutter on the end face,
A baffle plate having an inclined portion whose upper end is opposed to the middle of the opening while keeping a ventilation interval is erected, and an intake chamber or a ventilation chamber is formed between the baffle plate and the end face. Then, the intake chamber and the room under the ceiling are communicated with each other, and the outside air can be taken into the space above the ceiling through the opening with a gallery, and a part of the outside air can be supplied to the room under the ceiling via the intake chamber by forced intake or natural intake. The operation sound of the intake fan for forced intake is absorbed in the intake chamber and rarely goes outside. In the case of natural intake, do not use a machine such as a fan,
Air can be inhaled by using the wind pressure and suction force of natural wind, or by using the movement of air due to the convection of air based on the difference in temperature. Therefore, the intake device is noiseless and energy free.

In the exhaust system of the present invention, the baffle plate is provided on the floor of the space above the ceiling, extending obliquely upward toward the guttered opening of the gable surface, and the upper end of which is provided with an inclined portion facing the middle of the opening with a ventilation interval. And an exhaust chamber or a vent chamber is formed between the baffle plate and the gable face. Then, the exhaust chamber and the room above the ceiling are communicated, and the air in the room below the ceiling is forcibly exhausted.
It can be discharged to the outside from the opening with a rattle through the exhaust chamber by natural exhaust. The operating noise of the exhaust fan for forced exhaust is absorbed in the exhaust chamber and rarely goes outside. In the case of natural exhaust, without using a machine such as a fan, exhaust can be performed by using wind pressure and suction force by natural wind, or by using air movement due to convection of air based on a difference in temperature. Therefore, the exhaust device is noiseless and energy free. Furthermore, in both forced exhaust and natural exhaust, odors are exhausted from the upper part of the end face of the ceiling space, so the exhaust position is high, and there is a dilution effect by being accompanied by fresh air. As a result, even if the same amount of odor with the same intensity is emitted, the odor will be felt less than before.

The ventilator of the present invention is the above-mentioned intake device,
In addition to having the effect of an exhaust device, the exhaust gas that goes out from the gallery opening on the exhaust side gable surface passes through the upper part of the gallery opening on the intake side gable surface, enters the space above the ceiling, and blows through the space. It is diluted with fresh air as it is discharged, and is further diffused before reaching the ground, so it is diluted even if it contains odor. In addition, it is possible to save the labor and cost of separately manufacturing a roof for intake and exhaust, and a separate intake and exhaust pipe.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a normal intake / exhaust state of a first embodiment of a ventilation device including a forced intake device and a forced exhaust device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the intake and exhaust states of the ventilation device of FIG. 1 when wind blows on the intake side end face.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the intake and exhaust states of the ventilation device of FIG. 1 when wind blows on the exhaust side end face.

FIG. 4 is a plan view in which a part of FIG. 1 is shown in section.

5 is a cross-sectional view showing how the operating noise of the fans of the intake system and the exhaust system of FIG. 1 are diffused.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a diffusion state of fan operating noise in a second embodiment of a ventilation device including a forced intake device and a forced exhaust device according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a ventilation device including a natural intake device of the present invention and a forced exhaust device.

8 is a cross-sectional view showing an intake and exhaust state when the two end faces of the ventilation device of FIG. 7 are directed to north and south.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional intake device and exhaust device using a louver.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional intake device using a hood and an exhaust device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Building 10 'Room under the ceiling 11 Ceiling 12 In-ceiling space 13 Roof 14 Gable surface opening 15 Galley 16 Lattice 17 Ceiling space floor 20 Gable surface 21 Eave roof 22 Gable wall 23 (1st) Baffle board 24 Baffle Inclined part of plate 25 Intake chamber (ventilation chamber) 26 Ventilation interval 27 Intake duct 28 Intake fan 29 Vent opening 30 Gable surface 31 Eave roof 32 Gable wall 33 (Second) Baffle plate 34 Baffle plate inclined part 35 Exhaust chamber (ventilation) Room) 36 Ventilation interval 37 Exhaust duct 38 Exhaust fan 39 Vent opening

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An opening with a louver is provided on a gable surface of a space above the ceiling of a building, and a floor of the space above the ceiling extends obliquely upward toward the opening, and an upper end thereof keeps a ventilation interval with the middle of the opening. A building characterized in that a baffle plate having opposing inclined portions is erected, an intake chamber is formed between the baffle plate and the end face, and the intake chamber and a room under the ceiling are communicated with each other. Intake device. 2. An opening with a louver is provided on the end surface of the space above the ceiling of the building, and the floor of the space above the ceiling extends obliquely upward toward the opening, and the upper end of the opening maintains a ventilation interval with the middle of the opening. A baffle plate provided with opposed inclined portions is erected, an exhaust chamber is formed between the baffle plate and the end face, and the exhaust chamber and a room under the ceiling are communicated with each other. Exhaust system. 3. An opening with a louver is provided on each of the separate end faces of the space above the ceiling of the building, and the floor of the space above the ceiling individually extends obliquely upward toward the above-mentioned opening, and the upper end is in the middle of the opening. A first baffle plate having an inclined portion facing each other while maintaining a ventilation interval and forming an intake chamber with the end face, and a second baffle plate forming an exhaust chamber with the end face are provided upright. A ventilation device for a building, characterized in that the intake chamber and the exhaust chamber are individually connected to a room under a ceiling.