JPH0839275A - Molding method by high density energy - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To mold a product excellent in the yield of the material and high in precision in a method to directly mold the shape of the product from the metallic powder or the like by the high density energy beam such as the laser beam and the electron beam. CONSTITUTION:After the metallic powder is uniformly scattered on a heat resistant plate 12, the high density energy beam from energy generating devices 03, 08 is focused to fuse the metallic powder so as to focus two high density energy beams on, one point, and this position is successively moved to form the required shape, and the required shape is molded by repeating this action.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for directly shaping the shape of a product from metal powder or the like with a high-density energy ray such as a laser beam or an electron beam.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The conventional method for forming a metal product is performed by casting, pressing, machining or the like, and most of them have been machined by machining, particularly in the field of precision machining.

[0003]

By the way, in the case of the conventional metal products such as the casting method and the pressing method, which are adopted as the molding method of the precision parts, the generation of shavings is small, but the accuracy is low. There was a problem that it was considerably worse than the machining method, and in the case of the machining method, there was a problem that the yield of the material was poor due to the generation of chips.

It is an object of the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a new method of molding a metal product with high precision and high yield, which directly molds a product from metal powder.

[0005]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the high-density energy shaping method of the present invention is a method for melting and shaping a metal powder mixed with various kinds of metals, wherein the metal powder is heat-resistant. It is characterized in that it is possible to melt the metal powder evenly spread on a plate by simultaneously focusing and irradiating a plurality of high-density energy rays such as a laser or an electron beam.

As the main component of the metal powder, a mixture of nickel, molybdenum, palladium, ceramics, iron and the like is used.

Further, in modeling, a plurality of high-density energy beam irradiation devices are numerically controlled (NC) along the required shape.
It is effective to sequentially move the metal powder by irradiation or the like and solidify the metal powder after irradiation and melting to mold various product shapes such as a straight line or a curved line.

Further, in order to manufacture a functionally gradient material having a structure in which the alloy composition gradually changes, it is desirable to sequentially change the metal powder composition.

[0009]

According to the present invention, a single high-density energy ray cannot be melted. A high-density energy ray such as a laser or an electron beam is placed on a heat-resistant plate, and the focus is on one point. It relates to a method for directly shaping a metal product by melting the metal powder by concentrating it on the metal powder and moving the concentration point sequentially according to the shape required by numerical control etc. It is possible to manufacture a functionally graded material having a structure in which the alloy composition gradually changes by changing the above. (For example, nickel, chromium, etc. are first added by gradually making iron powder, the amount is increased, and finally a super heat resistant material containing only nickel is manufactured.)

As described above, in the present invention, since the product is formed directly from the metal powder, the material yield is good, and
It will be highly accurate.

Further, it becomes possible to easily manufacture a functionally gradient material in which the constituent ratio of the components is gradually changed.

[0012]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4 are explanatory views showing a state of a metal powder melt molding operation according to the method of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a high-density energy modeling apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention. 5 and 7 are schematic views of members manufactured by the method of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, according to the method of the present invention, two high-density energy rays (for example, a laser or an electron beam) are focused on the metal powder placed on the heat-resistant plate so that the energy density of the metal powder can be increased. 2 when compared with the case where the energy density at point a where the high-density energy lines of the book intersect is one line
By utilizing the doubling, it becomes possible to melt a metal powder (for example, a mixture of nickel, molybdenum, palladium, ceramics, iron, etc.) that is not melted by a single energy ray.

The implementation of the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the high-density energy modeling apparatus shown in FIG. 6. In FIG. 6, 01 is a Y-axis cross rail, 02 is a Y-axis saddle, and X is shown in the figure.
On the Y plane, the Y-axis cross rail 01 is configured to be movable in the Y-axis direction, and the Y-axis saddle 02 is configured to be movable in the X-axis direction.

A Y-axis energy generator 03 is attached to the Y-axis saddle 02.

The movements of the Y-axis cross rail 01 and the Y-axis saddle 02 are driven by servomotors 04 and 05, respectively.

Similarly, the servo motors 0 are respectively arranged on the XZ plane.
A Z-axis cross rail 06 and a Z-axis saddle 07 that move by 9 and 10 are provided. And on this Z-axis saddle 07, Z
An axial energy generator 08 is installed.

Reference numeral 11 denotes a metal powder spraying unit, which has a function of spraying the metal powder on the heat-resistant plate 12 so that the upper surface thereof is flat and uniform, if necessary. (See Figure 3)

Next, the operation of this apparatus will be described.
First, as shown in FIG. 2, after the metal powder is evenly dispersed on the heat-resistant plate 12, the Y-axis energy generators 03 and Z are arranged.
The high-density energy rays of the axial energy generator 08 are concentrated and melted on the metal powder, and this position is sequentially moved according to the required shape.

Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the metal powder spraying unit 11 sprays the metal powder evenly and evenly on the unmelted portion on the heat resistant plate 12.

By repeating this process in sequence, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 4, required shapes are sequentially formed.

By repeating the above steps until the desired shape is achieved, the product shape as shown in FIG. 5 is completed.

When using the method of the present invention, it is necessary to control the melting temperature to a temperature at which the heat-resistant plate does not melt. If a single metal has a melting point within the temperature at which the heat-resistant plate does not melt, Basically it is possible, but when making an alloy, when one metal does not reach the melting point,
Mixing is not possible if the evaporation temperature of the other metal has been reached. However, the method of the present invention can be applied to commonly existing alloys.

Note that an alloy made of a metal that is basically not fused due to the influence of gravity cannot be manufactured by the method of the present invention.

In the case of using an electron beam, it is of course necessary to install the entire apparatus in a vacuum container. Also in the case of a laser beam, the whole vacuum container is used so that the molten metal does not change, such as being oxidized or nitrided by the atmosphere. It is necessary to install it inside or shield the molten part with argon or helium.

Next, the position control of the device will be described. For the movement of the energy generating portion, a numerical control (NC) device (commercially available product) used for position control of the machine tool is used, and XYY- By synchronously controlling the amount of movement of each axis on the ZZ plane, positioning can be performed in units of 1/100 mm.

Referring further to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 shows a functionally graded material manufactured by the method of the present invention. Firstly, a gradient is formed by iron powder, the proportion of nickel is gradually increased, and finally, the gradient is composed of only nickel. It shows a state of molding a functional material.

Although one embodiment of the present invention has been briefly described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment and can be modified within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention. It belongs to the technical scope of the invention.

[0029]

As described above, according to the high-density energy shaping method of the present invention, a high-density energy ray such as a laser beam or an electron beam is used to directly form a product from a metal powder, so that the material yield is good and the cost is low. In addition, it has become possible to manufacture highly accurate products.

Further, according to the method of the present invention, it becomes possible to easily produce a functionally gradient material in which the composition ratio of the components is gradually changed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an energy beam concentrated state in an example of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of the action when the metal powder is melt-molded by two high-density energy rays in the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a dispersed state of metal powder in the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a working state of metal powder fusion molding by two high-density energy rays in the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a completed state view of a component manufactured by the method of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a high-density energy modeling apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a functionally graded material manufactured by the method of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 01 Y-axis cross rail 02 Y-axis saddle 03 Y-axis energy generator 04 Y-axis cross rail drive servo motor 05 Y-axis saddle drive servo motor 06 Z-axis cross rail 07 Z-axis saddle 08 Z-axis energy generator 09 Z-axis cross rail Drive servo motor 10 Z-axis saddle drive servo motor 11 Metal dusting part 12 Heat resistant plate

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for melting and shaping a metal powder mixed with various kinds of metals, wherein the metal powder is evenly dispersed on a heat-resistant plate, and the metal powder is subjected to a plurality of processes such as laser or electron beam. A high-density energy modeling method characterized in that high-density energy rays are focused and simultaneously irradiated to enable melting. 2. The high-density energy shaping method according to claim 1, wherein nickel, molybdenum, palladium, ceramics, iron or the like is mixed as a main component of the metal powder. 3. A plurality of high-density energy beam irradiation devices are sequentially moved along a required shape by numerical control (NC) or the like, and metal powder is irradiated and melted and then solidified to form various product shapes such as a straight line or a curved line. The high-density energy shaping method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that. 4. The high-density energy shaping method according to claim 1, wherein the gradient functional material is produced by sequentially changing the metal powder component.