JPH0833421A - Method for harvesting mushroom by bin culture and mushroom harvester adopting the same method - Google Patents
Method for harvesting mushroom by bin culture and mushroom harvester adopting the same methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0833421A JPH0833421A JP6191876A JP19187694A JPH0833421A JP H0833421 A JPH0833421 A JP H0833421A JP 6191876 A JP6191876 A JP 6191876A JP 19187694 A JP19187694 A JP 19187694A JP H0833421 A JPH0833421 A JP H0833421A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bottle
- mouth
- mushrooms
- bin
- mushroom
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Landscapes
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】[0001]
【発明の目的】この発明は、茸の収穫方法、特にビンの
中に培養基を充填して菌を接種し、菌糸を伸長、完熟さ
せて茸を発生させたものから、茸を収穫する方法に関す
るものであり、手作業ではなく、機械装置による自動化
に都合の良い新規な収穫方法と共に、それを利用した新
規な構成からなる茸収穫機とを提供しようとするもので
ある。The present invention relates to a method for harvesting mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for harvesting mushrooms from bottles filled with a culture medium and inoculated with a bacterium to elongate and fully mature hyphae to generate mushrooms. The present invention intends to provide a new harvesting method that is convenient for automation by a mechanical device rather than manual work, and a mushroom harvester having a new configuration using the new harvesting method.
【0002】[0002]
【従来技術】我が国は、地理的に南北に細長い国土を有
していて、地域的な気候の点で変化に富むと共に、森林
面積が国土の60%にも達することから、茸の生育環境
に優れ、現在確認されているだけでも1500種を越え
る極めて豊富な種類の茸が発生し、昔から貴重且つ馴染
みのある食物源として取り入れられてきており、それを
人工的に供給する茸栽培は、稲作農業や蔬菜栽培農業等
と同様、我が国の重要な農業形態の一つとなっている。2. Description of the Related Art Japan has geographically long and narrow national territories in the north and south, which is rich in variations in terms of regional climate, and because the forest area reaches 60% of the national land, it is a growing environment for mushrooms. Excellent, over 1000 kinds of mushrooms have been generated even if confirmed only now, and it has been taken in as a valuable and familiar food source from old times, and the mushroom cultivation that artificially supplies it is It is one of the important forms of agriculture in Japan, like rice farming and vegetable farming.
【0003】この茸栽培は、大別すると原木による栽
培、オガクズによる栽培、稲藁による栽培の三つの
栽培方法の中、茸の種類に応じた何れかの栽培方法によ
って栽培されることとなる。日常の食卓で馴染みの深い
茸の中、シイタケを除き、ナメコ、ヒラタケ、エノキダ
ケの3種類の茸は、上記のオガクズによる栽培が中心
であって、一頃までは、ナメコ、ヒラタケが、容器栽培
といわれる大型の箱にオガクズを主体とした培養基を充
填する栽培方法で、そして、エノキダケだけが、口径が
10cm、高さが20cm程度のビンに培養基を充填するビ
ン栽培で栽培するといった具合に、栽培過程で用いられ
る容器を異にしていたが、今では、各茸とも周年発生栽
培をする目的に適い、その取り扱いの良さと収穫の安定
性とから、ナメコやヒラタケも、ほとんどビン栽培によ
る栽培方法を採用するようになってきている。This mushroom cultivation is roughly classified into one of three cultivation methods according to the kind of mushroom among the three cultivation methods of cultivation with raw wood, cultivation with sawdust and cultivation with rice straw. Of the mushrooms familiar on the daily table, except for shiitake mushrooms, three types of mushrooms, nameko, oyster mushrooms and enoki mushrooms, are mainly cultivated by the above-mentioned sawdust, and until about one time, nameko, oyster mushrooms are container-cultivated. It is a cultivation method that fills a large box called a sawdust mainly with a culture medium, and only Enoki mushroom is cultivated in a bottle cultivation in which a bottle with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of about 20 cm is filled with the culture medium, Different containers were used in the cultivation process, but now, each mushroom is suitable for the purpose of year-round cultivation, and because of its good handling and stability of harvest, nameko and oyster mushrooms are mostly grown in bottles. The method is being adopted.
【0004】ビン栽培による茸栽培は、オガクズ主体の
培養基を所定のビンに詰め、種菌業者から仕入れた種菌
を茸栽培農家が、夫々のビン内培養基に接種した後、第
一培養で菌糸の伸長と完熟とを行い、その後、第二培養
段階で茸の発生を促し、茸が生え揃った頃合を見計らっ
て、作業者個々人が、低温多湿の栽培室に入り、ビン単
位毎に鋏等の器具による手作業で茸を刈り取り、収穫し
ていくという極めて効率が悪く、しかも過酷な労働を伴
う栽培を強いられてきた。その結果、労働投下量の割に
収益を上げ難い農業と見做されるようになり、他分野に
おける人件費が高騰するに連れ、この茸栽培農業は、農
業分野としても次第にその魅力をなくし始めてきてい
た。In mushroom cultivation by bottle cultivation, the culture medium mainly composed of sawdust is packed in a predetermined bottle, and the fungus grown farmers inoculate the culture medium inoculated into the respective culture medium in the bottle, and then the hyphae are elongated in the first culture. After ripening and ripening, promote the generation of mushrooms in the second culturing stage, and when the mushrooms are ready for growth, each worker enters into a cultivation room of low temperature and high humidity and equipment such as scissors for each bottle. It is extremely inefficient to cut and harvest mushrooms by hand, and they have been forced to cultivate with labor. As a result, agriculture is considered to be difficult to make a profit for the amount of labor input, and as labor costs in other fields rise, this mushroom farming gradually begins to lose its appeal as an agricultural field. Was coming.
【0005】このような実態から、茸栽培農業における
収穫手段を合理化する必要性を生じ、例えば特公平2−
190117号公報に掲載された「茸切断装置」に見ら
れる発明のように、第二培養によって成長をみた茸が、
ビンの口から傘状に林立した段階に、ビン毎回転体の瓶
装着部に選択的に装着し、合わせてビンから突出状とな
って傘状に広がる茸の首部をまとめて束ねるようにした
上、回転体の連続的な回転過程で、先ず茸の先端部分を
切断し、その後ビンの口側に残る茸基端部をを切断する
ようにした機械装置や、その他、ビンを固定したまま回
転刃だけを一方向に円弧状移動させ、ビンの口の上で茸
の幹を湾曲面(二次曲面)に切断してしまう装置等も提
案され、従前までの手作業に代わり、機械化された茸の
収穫がなし得るようにしたものも既に実用化され、茸栽
培に取り入れて実効を上げている農家も散見されるよう
になってきている。From such an actual situation, it is necessary to rationalize harvesting means in mushroom cultivation, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No.
Like the invention seen in the "mushroom cutting device" published in Japanese Patent Publication No. 190117, a mushroom that has grown by the second culture is
At the stage of foresting like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle, it was selectively attached to the bottle attachment part of each rotating body, and the necks of the mushrooms that protrude from the bottle and spread out like an umbrella were bundled together. On the other hand, in the continuous rotation process of the rotating body, the tip of the mushroom is cut first, and then the base of the mushroom that remains on the mouth side of the bottle is cut off. There is also proposed a device that moves only the rotary blade in a circular arc in one direction and cuts the trunk of the mushroom into a curved surface (secondary curved surface) on the mouth of the bottle, which is mechanized instead of manual work. Those that enable harvesting of mushrooms have already been put to practical use, and some farmers are incorporating them into mushroom cultivation to improve their effectiveness.
【0006】上記した公知の技術をはじめ、既に提案さ
れている幾つかの機械装置は、確かにビン栽培による茸
を、機械的に切断、収穫することを可能とし、それまで
の手作業による弊害をそれなりに解消できる作用効果を
奏するものとなっているが、総じてそのメカニズムが複
雑であって高価な作業機となってしまっており、あらゆ
る規模の茸栽培農家の経済効率に必ずしも即応できると
いう訳にはいかず、大規模経営農家向きの機械装置とい
わざるを得ないものであったし、その機能上からも、収
穫される茸の幹の長さが不揃いになってしまうという欠
点を解消しきれていないものばかりであった。。[0006] Some of the mechanical devices already proposed, including the above-mentioned known techniques, certainly allow mechanical cutting and harvesting of mushrooms grown in bottles, and the harmful effects of manual work up to that point. However, the mechanism is generally complicated and it is an expensive working machine, and it is not always possible to immediately respond to the economic efficiency of mushroom growers of all sizes. It was inevitable to say that it was a mechanical device for large-scale farms, and in terms of its function, the drawback that the length of the harvested mushroom trunk was uneven was solved. There were only things that were not clean. .
【0007】この発明では、このような状況に鑑み、可
能な限りコストダウンの可能な簡潔な構造で、しかも、
ビン栽培固有の茸の生え具合、即ち、茸の頭の部分がビ
ンの口の上に傘状に広がって成長した状態にあっても、
夫々の茸の幹の長さを略揃えた切断、収穫が可能となる
新規な茸収穫方法と、それを実現可能とする新規な構成
からなる茸収穫機とを提供しようとするものであり、以
下では、この発明を代表する具体例と共に、その構成を
詳述するものである。In view of such a situation, the present invention has a simple structure capable of reducing the cost as much as possible, and
The growth of mushrooms peculiar to bottle cultivation, that is, even if the head of the mushroom grows like an umbrella on the mouth of the bottle,
It is intended to provide a new mushroom harvesting method that enables cutting and harvesting of the trunk lengths of the respective mushrooms, and a mushroom harvester having a new configuration that makes it possible. Hereinafter, the configuration will be described in detail together with specific examples that represent the present invention.
【0008】[0008]
【発明の構成】この発明のビン栽培による茸の収穫方法
は、基本的に次のような構成をその要旨とするものであ
る。即ち、茸の生え揃ったビンを、真横に倒した位置か
ら更に傾け、同口を下向きあるいは下向き加減とした状
態で回転させながら、同ビンの口外周に収穫用回転刃を
近接させ、ビンの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状
となっている茸の幹部分を切断、落下させてしまい、略
ビン口内だけに茸が林立状となるようにする第1工程
と、垂れ下がり状となっている茸が切断されてしまった
ビンを回転させながら、他の収穫用回転刃を、ビンの口
の上方において、その中心を通る円弧状軌道で移動さ
せ、略ビン口内で林立する茸だけに整理された茸群の幹
を切断、落下し、刈り残された茸の幹が、ビンの口部分
において略球面状(三次曲面状)に残存する如くする第
2工程とからビン栽培された茸を収穫するようにした茸
の収穫方法である。The method for harvesting mushrooms by bottle cultivation according to the present invention basically has the following structure. In other words, the bin with mushrooms is further tilted from the position lying right next to it, and while rotating the same mouth downward or with the mouth adjusted downward, the rotary blade for harvesting is brought close to the outer circumference of the mouth of the same bottle, The first step is to cut and drop the trunk of the mushroom that sticks out or hangs down from the mouth to make the mushroom become forested only in the mouth of the bottle. While rotating the bottle in which the mushrooms that have been cut are rotated, move the other rotary blades for harvesting in an arcuate path that passes through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and arrange only mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle. Mushrooms grown in bottles are cut and dropped, and the stems of the mushrooms that have been left uncut remain in a substantially spherical shape (three-dimensional curved surface) at the mouth of the bottle. This is a method of harvesting mushrooms so that they are harvested.
【0009】ビン栽培により成長させた茸群は、ビンと
いう狭い容器の中で菌糸が効率良く伸長、蔓延して完熟
する結果、容器栽培のときのような成長ムラを起こすこ
とは少なく、安定した収穫を上げられるが、ビンの口一
杯に密集、成長して各茸の頭部がぶつかり合うことと、
中心辺りの茸の成長が周辺に比べて幾らか条件がいいこ
とから、茸の株の部分は当然ビン口の培養基に根差して
いるものの、それから上の幹の部分は、ビンの口の周囲
に近い株から伸びる幹ほど幾分短小で且つ外反気味にな
らざるを得ず、最も外側ないしそれに近い位置のもので
は、その頭部がビンの口から外側に大きく食み出し、中
には外側に垂れ下がり状となる程の状態となって、全体
として球面状に広がった傘のような生え具合となるのが
普通である。In the group of mushrooms grown by bottle cultivation, the hyphae efficiently grow in a narrow container called a bottle, and the fungus spreads and fully matures. As a result, uneven growth like in container cultivation does not occur and is stable. Although it can be harvested, it is dense and grows in the mouth of the bottle and the heads of each mushroom collide with each other,
Since the growth of mushrooms around the center is somewhat better than that of the surroundings, the part of the mushroom strain is naturally rooted in the culture medium of the bottle mouth, but the upper part of the stem is around the mouth of the bottle. The stems that grow closer to the stock must be somewhat smaller and valgus, and at the outermost position or the position closest to it, the head protrudes largely from the mouth of the bottle to the outside, and the inside is the outside. It is usually in the form of a pendant, and it is usually in the form of an umbrella that spreads in a spherical shape as a whole.
【0010】第1工程では、それらビンの口の平面形よ
りも外側に食み出すか、食み出し気味となってしまって
いる茸を、幹の所定高さ位置で切断して、先ずそれらを
収穫してしまい、ビンの口には、その周縁内に殆ど収ま
った状態の茸だけが林立するように予め整理してしま
う。したがって、その切断は、ビンの口の周りに垂れ下
がり状となっている茸の頭部の下から収穫用回転刃が入
り、ビンの口に近接した状態とした上、併せてビン自体
を回転させることにより、ビンの口周縁周りに位置して
大きく外反するか垂れ下がり気味になっている茸を、そ
れらの頭部を掻い潜って各幹の所定箇所が切断されてし
まうようにしなければならない。[0010] In the first step, mushrooms that have protruded outside of the planar shape of the mouths of the bottles, or have become slightly protruded, are cut at a predetermined height position of the trunk, and firstly they are cut. The mushrooms are harvested, and they are arranged in advance in the bottle so that only the mushrooms that are almost contained within the periphery of the bottle stand in the forest. Therefore, the cutting is performed by inserting the rotary blade for harvesting from the bottom of the head of the mushroom that is hanging around the mouth of the bottle, making it close to the mouth of the bottle, and also rotating the bottle itself. As a result, the mushrooms which are located around the mouth edge of the bottle and which are largely valgus or hang down should be scratched under the heads of the bottles to cut off a predetermined portion of each trunk.
【0011】第2工程は、上記第1工程でビンの口から
周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状となっている茸全てが収
穫され、略ビンの口内に略収まる状態の茸だけに整理さ
れてしまっているビンを、やはり回転させた状態に保持
しながら、第1工程で使用した回転刃と対をなす如くし
て用意してある他の収穫用回転刃を近接させ、残る全て
の茸の幹所定位置を切断して収穫するようにする工程で
あって、この工程で切断される茸群は、ビン口内に略収
まる状態で林立する茸が対象となるが、これら茸もビン
口中心のもの程背丈が高く(幹が長く)なる成長をし
て、茸の頭部の並び方が球面状となる傾向にあることか
ら、それらの状況に対応して、切断されて頭部側に残る
幹の長さにあまりバラつきを生じてしまわないような切
断を実現するには、茸群全体の切断面が球面状(三次曲
面状)となるような切断をする必要があり、そのため
に、ビン自体を定速回転させながら、収穫用回転刃を、
ビンの口の上方において、その中心を通る円弧状軌道で
移動させる作動となるような切断が実施されるよう規制
したものとしなければならない。In the second step, all the mushrooms that are protruding from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings in the first step or have a hanging shape are harvested, and the mushrooms are put into the bottle so that they are almost contained in the mouth of the bottle. While holding the closed bottle in the rotated state as well, bring the other rotary blades for harvesting, which are prepared so as to form a pair with the rotary blade used in the first step, to bring all the remaining mushrooms into contact. This is a process of harvesting by cutting a predetermined position of the trunk, and the group of mushrooms cut in this process is targeted for the mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth in a state of being almost fit. As the mushroom grows taller (longer trunk) and the heads of the mushrooms tend to be spherical, the trunk remains cut and remains on the head side in response to these situations. To achieve a cutting that does not cause too much variation in the length of Need to cut, such as cutting plane of the entire group is spherical (like tertiary curved surface), in order that, while the bottle itself is constant speed, the harvesting rotary blade,
Above the mouth of the bottle, it must be regulated so that the cutting is performed so as to move in an arcuate orbit passing through the center of the bottle.
【0012】[0012]
【関連する発明】この発明には、上記基本的な構成から
なる発明に関連して、次のような発明も包含されてい
る。即ち、茸の生え揃ったビンを、真横に倒した位置か
ら更に傾け、同口を下向きあるいは下向き加減とした状
態で回転させながら、同ビンの口外周に収穫用回転刃を
近接させ、ビンの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状
となっている茸の幹部分を切断、落下させてしまい、略
ビン口内だけに茸が林立状となるようにする第1工程
と、垂れ下がり状となっている茸が切断されてしまった
ビンを回転させながら、他の収穫用回転刃を、ビンの口
の上方において、その中心を通る円弧状軌道で移動さ
せ、略ビン口内で林立する茸だけに整理された茸群の幹
を切断、落下し、刈り残された茸の幹が、ビンの口部分
において略球面状に残存する如くする第2工程と、ビン
の口部分に略球面状に残存する茸の幹をビンの口上縁擦
れ擦れに切断し、次期芽出しに備える処理をする第3工
程とからビン栽培された茸を収穫するようにした、ビン
栽培による茸の収穫方法である。Related Invention The present invention also includes the following invention in relation to the invention having the above-mentioned basic structure. In other words, the bin with mushrooms is further tilted from the position lying right next to it, and while rotating the same mouth downward or with the mouth adjusted downward, the rotary blade for harvesting is brought close to the outer circumference of the mouth of the same bottle, The first step is to cut and drop the trunk of the mushroom that sticks out or hangs down from the mouth to make the mushroom become forested only in the mouth of the bottle. While rotating the bottle in which the mushrooms that have been cut are rotated, move the other rotary blades for harvesting in an arcuate path that passes through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and arrange only mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle. The second step of cutting and dropping the trunks of the group of mushrooms left behind so that the trunks of the uncut mushrooms remain in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle, and remains in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle The stem of the mushroom is cut into pieces by rubbing it against the upper edge of the bottle, and the next sprouting occurs. And to harvest the third step bin cultivated mushrooms from a to a process comprising the a harvesting method of mushroom by bottle cultivation.
【0013】この関連する発明は、前記した第1工程お
よび第2工程からなる基本的な構成に加え、その後に第
3工程として、ビンの口部分に略球面状に残存する茸の
幹をビンの口上縁擦れ擦れに切断し、次期芽出しに備え
る処理をする工程を加えた茸の収穫方法であり、周年発
生栽培が今では通例となっている茸栽培農業にとって、
茸収穫後のビンから再び茸の発生を確実にするために、
残存する幹の部分の処理は当然必要な作業であり、この
発明では、茸の収穫工程の後に連続させて、残存幹を含
む株の処理工程が組み合わされたことを特徴とするもの
である。以上のような構成からなるこの発明のビン栽培
による茸の収穫方法に関連し、この発明には、同収穫方
法を取り入れて実現される以下のような構成の茸収穫機
が包含されている。In the related invention, in addition to the basic structure consisting of the first step and the second step described above, as a third step after that, the trunk of the mushroom that remains in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle is bottled. It is a method of harvesting mushrooms that includes a step of preparing for the next sprouting by cutting to the rubbing of the upper edge of the mushroom, and for mushroom cultivation agriculture where annual cultivation is now a common practice,
In order to ensure the occurrence of mushrooms again from the bottle after mushroom harvest,
Naturally, the treatment of the remaining stem portion is a necessary work, and the present invention is characterized in that the treatment process of the strain containing the residual stem is combined continuously after the mushroom harvesting process. The present invention relates to a method for harvesting mushrooms by bottle cultivation of the present invention having the above-described configuration, and the present invention includes a mushroom harvester having the following configuration realized by incorporating the harvesting method.
【0014】[0014]
【関連する他の発明】上記した茸の収穫方法を取り入れ
た茸収穫機は、基本的に次のような構成からなるもので
ある。即ち、間歇回転動可能に形成されたローターの外
周に、ビン口を外側に向けた姿勢で仮着可能とする少な
くとも3個のビンホルダーが装着され、ローターの間歇
回転動を、常に何れかのビンホルダーが、必ず最上位あ
るいはそれに近い位置で停止するよう規制したものと
し、同最上位あるいはそれに近い位置に停止したビンホ
ルダー部分が、刈り取り前の茸群の生えたビンに交換を
するビン交換ステージ、それよりもローター回転方向前
方であって真横よりも下方位置で停止するビンホルダー
部分が、ビンの口から傘状に生え揃った茸の中、ビンの
口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状となっている茸
と、それらを除いてビン口内で林立する茸群とに別けて
切断して収穫カゴ内に落下させる収穫ステージ、更にそ
れよりもローター回転方向前方で停止するビンホルダー
部分が、ビンの口部分に球面状に刈り残った茸幹部分
を、ビンの口擦れ擦れの部分から切り落としてしまう端
切りステージとなるようにしたことを特徴とする茸収穫
機とするものである。[Other related inventions] A mushroom harvester incorporating the above-described method for harvesting mushrooms basically has the following configuration. That is, at least three bin holders that can be temporarily attached with the bin mouth facing outward are attached to the outer circumference of the rotor that is formed to be intermittently rotatable, and the intermittent rotation of the rotor can be performed at any time. It is assumed that the bin holder is always stopped at or near the topmost position, and the bin holder part that stops at the topmost or nearer position is replaced with a bin that has a mushroom group before cutting. The stage, the bottle holder part that stops in front of the rotor in the direction of rotation and below the horizontal side, sticks out or hangs down from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings in the mushrooms that have grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle. A harvesting stage in which the mushrooms that are in the shape of a tree and the mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth except for them are cut and dropped into the harvesting basket, and further in front of the rotation direction of the rotor. The mushroom holder characterized in that the bottle holder part that stops at the point becomes the end cutting stage that cuts off the part of the mushroom trunk that has been spherically cut off in the mouth part of the bottle from the rubbing part of the bottle It is an opportunity.
【0015】ローターは、減速電動モータを駆動源とし
て垂直面内での定速回転動するよう、その中心軸までベ
ルト伝導あるいはギア伝導等適宜公知の伝導機構を介し
て低速回転されると共に、同外周に設けた少なくとも3
個のビンホルダーの位置が、予め決定されたビン交換ス
テージ、収穫ステージ、および端切りステージで所定時
間停止した上、間歇的に回転始動する間歇回転動となる
よう制御されたものとしなければならない。そして、こ
のローターの始動、停止のタイミングに合わせて、各ス
テージにおける作業機構の作動がオン、オフされるよ
う、各ステージにおける作業機構駆動系が、ローターの
作動制御機構にリレーされる。The rotor is rotated at a low speed up to its central axis through a known conduction mechanism such as belt conduction or gear conduction so as to rotate at a constant speed in a vertical plane using a reduction electric motor as a drive source. At least 3 on the perimeter
The position of each bottle holder shall be controlled so as to be intermittent rotation motion which is stopped for a predetermined time at a predetermined bin exchange stage, harvest stage, and end cutting stage, and is intermittently rotated and started. . Then, the work mechanism drive system in each stage is relayed to the rotor operation control mechanism so that the operation of the work mechanism in each stage is turned on and off at the timing of starting and stopping the rotor.
【0016】ビンホルダーは、ローターの外周に等間隔
(即ち、ローター中心回転軸からの拡開角度が同じとな
るようにした位置)に少なくとも3個形成され、それら
の中の何れか1個のビンホルダーは、間歇回転過程で必
ず最上位あるいはそれに近い位置で停止するよう規制さ
れており、同位置に停止したビンホルダー部分を、収穫
されて幹の端切りも終えたビンから、茸の生えた収穫前
のビンに取り替えるビン交換ステージに決定し、その位
置に関連して決まる、それよりもローター回転方向前方
であって真横よりも下方位置で停止するビンホルダー部
分(但し、ビンホルダーが4個以上形成されたローター
の場合には、ビン交換ステージに位置するビンホルダー
の前方に位置するビンホルダーの中、ビン口の向きが水
平方向よりも下方、望ましくは水平方向から30度以上
の角度下に傾いた方向となるビンホルダー部分)を収穫
ステージとする。At least three bin holders are formed on the outer circumference of the rotor at equal intervals (that is, at positions where the spread angles from the rotor center rotation axis are the same), and any one of them is formed. The bin holder is regulated so that it always stops at the uppermost position or a position close to it in the intermittent rotation process.From the bin that has been harvested and the end of the trunk has been cut, the bottle holder part that stopped at the same position grows mushrooms. The bottle holder stage that determines the bottle exchange stage to replace the bottle before harvesting and that is determined in relation to its position and that stops at a position forward of the rotor rotation direction and below the horizontal side (however, the bottle holder is 4 In the case of a rotor with more than one formed, the orientation of the bin mouth is lower than the horizontal direction in the bin holder located in front of the bin holder located on the bin exchange stage. Preferably the bottle holder portion) harvest stage as a direction inclined under an angle of more than 30 degrees from the horizontal direction.
【0017】収穫ステージでは、この発明の基本的な構
成からなる茸収穫方法の第1工程を実施する機構部分で
あり、ビンの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状とな
っている茸の幹部分を切断して下方に落下、収穫してし
まい、略ビン口内だけに茸が林立状となるようにした
後、引き続きローターを停止させたまま、略ビン口内だ
けに林立状に残る茸群を、その切断面(全ての茸の幹の
切断面を集合した切断面)が球面状となるように全て切
断して下方に落下、収穫してしまうこととなり、その結
果、ビンの口には、製品となる茸の部分は全て収穫さ
れ、それから外れた幹を含む株部分が培養基側に残っ
て、ビンの口から一部突出させた状態のままとなる。At the harvesting stage, it is a mechanism portion for carrying out the first step of the method for harvesting mushrooms having the basic structure of the present invention, and the trunk of the mushrooms is either protruding from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings or hanging down. The mushrooms are cut into pieces, dropped downward, and harvested, so that the mushrooms are in a forested state only in the mouth of the bottle, and then the mushroom group that remains in a forested state in the mouth of the bottle is kept with the rotor stopped. , The cutting surface (the cutting surface where the cutting surfaces of all the trunks of all mushrooms are gathered) is cut so that it becomes spherical, and it falls down and is harvested. As a result, in the mouth of the bottle, All of the product mushrooms are harvested, and the part of the strain containing the stems, which has fallen off from it, remains on the culture substrate side and remains partially projected from the mouth of the bottle.
【0018】端切りステージは、上記収穫ステージより
も更にローター回転方向前方に位置するビンホルダー部
分に決定され、未だビン口部分に残る幹部分を、ビン口
擦れ擦れに切り落としてしまって、周年発生栽培のため
の次期の茸の発生に備える状態を実現するものであり、
この処理を終え、所定の停止時間が経過してローターが
回転し、その後に用意されたビン交換ステージに到達、
停止した段階で、該処理済みビンは、茸の生え揃った収
穫前のビンに交換され、それ自体は再び栽培室の方にま
とめて回され、次期茸の発生を待つことになる。上記各
ステージにおける所定の作業を実施するために、ロータ
ーは、3秒から10秒程度の範囲の適当なタイミング、
望ましくは5秒前後の時間、その回転を停止し、その
後、1〜5秒、望ましくは2秒前後の時間を掛けて各ビ
ンホルダーを、夫々次のステージへ回転、移動させるよ
うにする。以上のような構成を基本とするこの発明の茸
収穫方法を取り入れて実現する茸収穫機の構成を、更に
必須の構成要件を付加して示すと次のようになる。The end cutting stage is determined to be the bottle holder portion located further forward in the rotor rotation direction than the above harvesting stage, and the trunk portion which is still in the bottle mouth portion is cut off by rubbing the bottle mouth, and this occurs every year. To realize the state of preparing for the next generation of mushrooms for cultivation,
After finishing this process, the rotor rotates after a predetermined stop time, and then the prepared bottle exchange stage is reached.
At the stage of stopping, the treated bottles are replaced with pre-harvested bottles in which mushrooms are fully grown, and themselves are collectively returned to the cultivation room to wait for the next generation of mushrooms. In order to carry out the predetermined work in each of the above stages, the rotor should have an appropriate timing within the range of 3 to 10 seconds,
The rotation is preferably stopped for about 5 seconds, and then each bin holder is rotated and moved to the next stage for 1 to 5 seconds, preferably about 2 seconds. The structure of the mushroom harvesting machine, which is realized by incorporating the mushroom harvesting method of the present invention based on the above-mentioned structure, is shown below with additional essential components.
【0019】即ち、間歇回転動可能に形成されたロータ
ーの外周に、等間隔で少なくとも3個の軸受け部を配
し、各軸受け部には、夫々軸芯がローターの回転中心に
向かう如くした回転軸が軸着され、それら何れの回転軸
とも、ローター回転中心から一定距離を隔てた位置とな
る内側端部に回転軸ベベルギアが装着されると共に、回
転軸の外側には、ビン口を外側に向けた姿勢で仮着可能
とするビンホルダーが装着され、ローターの間歇回転動
を、常に何れかのビンホルダーが、必ず最上位あるいは
それに近い位置で停止するよう規制し、同最上位あるい
はそれに近い位置に停止したビンホルダー部分が、ビン
を供給、取出しをするビン交換ステージ、それよりもロ
ーター回転方向前方であって真横よりも下方位置で停止
するビンホルダー部分が、ビンの口から傘状に生え揃っ
た茸の中、ビンの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状
となっている茸と、それらを除いてビン口内で林立する
茸群とに別け、球面状に切断して収穫カゴ内に落下させ
る収穫ステージ、更にそれよりもローター回転方向前方
で停止するビンホルダー部分が、ビンの口部分に刈り残
った茸幹部分を、略ビンの口擦れ擦れの部分から切り落
としてしまう端切りステージとなるようにし、収穫ステ
ージおよび端切りステージに位置した回転軸が、そのギ
アを作動軸ベベルギアに噛合してビンホルダーを回転さ
せるようにしたことを特徴とする茸収穫機となる。That is, at least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the rotor formed so as to be intermittently rotatable, and the rotation of each bearing portion is such that the axis of each bearing faces the center of rotation of the rotor. The rotating shaft bevel gear is attached to the inner end of each of the rotating shafts, which is located at a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor. A bin holder that can be temporarily attached in the facing position is installed, and intermittent rotation of the rotor is always regulated so that one of the bin holders always stops at or near the uppermost position, and the same or the uppermost position. The bottle holder part stopped at the position is the bin exchange stage that supplies and takes out the bottles, and the bottle holder part that stops at the position forward of the rotor rotation direction and below the side of the rotor. However, among the mushrooms that grow like umbrellas from the mouth of the bottle, it is divided into mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings or are in a hanging shape, and mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle except them. The harvest stage, which is cut spherically and dropped into the harvest basket, and the bin holder part, which stops further in front of the rotor rotation direction, rubs the uncut mushroom trunk part in the mouth part of the bin roughly by rubbing the mouth of the bin. It is characterized in that it becomes an end cutting stage that is cut off from the part of, and the rotation shaft located in the harvest stage and the end cutting stage meshes its gear with the operating shaft bevel gear to rotate the bottle holder. It becomes a mushroom harvester.
【0020】更には、他の表現で示すと、間歇回転動可
能に形成されたローターの外周に、等間隔で少なくとも
3個の軸受け部を配し、各軸受け部には、夫々軸芯がロ
ーターの回転中心に向かう如くして回転軸が軸着され、
それら何れの回転軸とも、ローター回転中心から一定距
離を隔てた位置となる内側端部に回転軸ベベルギアが装
着されると共に、回転軸の外側端部には、ビン口を外側
に向けた姿勢で仮着可能とするビンホルダーが装着さ
れ、ローターの間歇回転動を、常に何れかのビンホルダ
ーが、必ず最上位あるいはそれに近い位置で停止するよ
う規制することにより、同最上位あるいはそれに近い位
置に停止したビンホルダー部分が、ビンの供給、取出し
を可能とするよう、ビンホルダーの挟着爪が全てあるい
はその一部を外方に拡開させるビン交換ステージ、それ
よりもローター回転方向前方であって真横よりも下方位
置で停止するビンホルダー部分が、ビンの口から傘状に
生え揃った茸の中、ビンの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ
下がり状となっている茸と、それらを除いてビン口内で
林立する茸群とに別け、球面状に切断して収穫カゴ内に
落下させるよう、同回転軸ベベルギアが作動軸ベベルギ
アに噛合してビンホルダーを回転させながら一対の収穫
用回転刃の2段作動で別々に茸幹を切断、落下させる収
穫ステージ、更にそれよりもローター回転方向前方で停
止するビンホルダー部分が、先の収穫ステージで刈り残
った茸幹部分を、略ビンの口擦れ擦れの部分から切り落
としてしまうよう、同回転軸ベベルギアが作動軸ベベル
ギアに噛合してビンホルダーを回転させながら端切り用
回転刃で株部分を切断する端切りステージとなる如くし
てなる茸収穫機とすることができる。以下、この発明の
基本的な技術的思想理解の一助とするため、この発明を
代表する実施例について説示していくこととする。Furthermore, in other words, at least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery of the rotor formed so as to be intermittently rotatable, and each bearing portion has a shaft core. The rotation shaft is attached so that it goes to the center of rotation of
For both of these rotary shafts, a rotary shaft bevel gear is attached to the inner end that is located at a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor, and the outer end of the rotary shaft has a bottle mouth facing outward. A bin holder that can be temporarily attached is attached, and intermittent rotation of the rotor is regulated so that one of the bin holders always stops at or near the uppermost position, so that the rotor is at the uppermost position or near it. In order to allow the bottle holder part that has stopped to feed and take out the bottle, the bin exchanging stage where the pinching claws of the bin holder expand all or part of it outward, and it is in front of the rotor rotation direction. The bottle holder part that stops below the side of the bottle is inside the mushrooms that have grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle, and protrudes or hangs down from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings. While separating the mushrooms and the group of mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle except for them, while rotating the bottle holder, the rotating shaft bevel gear meshes with the operating shaft bevel gear so that it can be cut into a spherical shape and dropped into the harvest basket. The harvesting stage in which the pair of rotary blades for harvesting cuts and drops the mushroom trunks separately, and the bin holder portion that stops further forward than the rotor rotation direction is the mushroom trunk that was left uncut in the previous harvesting stage. The rotary shaft bevel gear meshes with the operating shaft bevel gear to rotate the bottle holder while the bottle holder is rotated, so that the bottle holder is rotated and the stock cutting part is cut with the rotary cutting blade for the stock cutting stage. The mushroom harvesting machine thus obtained can be used. Hereinafter, in order to help the understanding of the basic technical idea of the present invention, examples representing the present invention will be explained.
【0021】[0021]
【実施例1】図1の側面図には、この発明の基本的な構
成の茸収穫方法を実現可能とする装置の、作動状態を含
む側面図が示されている。先ず、茸の生え揃った(図
中、表示を省略)収穫前のビンPを、ビンホルダー1で
下向きの状態に仮着したまま回転させる状態を実現す
る。この状態のビンPに対し、一対用意した収穫用回転
刃3、4の中、先に、ビンPの口から周囲に食み出すか
垂れ下がり状となっている茸に対し、それらの茸の頭部
の裏側を掻い潜るようにしてビンPの口に近接できるよ
う、所定角度回動可能とした収穫用回転刃(図中、左側
に表示した回転刃)3を作動させ、その刃先が一部ビン
P口の周縁やや内側に達する状態として、先ずそれらビ
ンPの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状となってい
る茸だけを切断、落下させて収穫してしまい、第1工程
を終了する。Embodiment 1 A side view of FIG. 1 shows a side view including an operating state of an apparatus capable of realizing a mushroom harvesting method having a basic structure of the present invention. First, a state in which a pre-harvest bin P in which mushrooms are fully grown (not shown in the drawing) is rotated while being temporarily attached to the bin holder 1 in a downward state is realized. With respect to the bottle P in this state, the heads of the mushrooms that are protruding from the mouth of the bottle P or drooping around the inside of the pair of prepared rotary blades for harvesting 3 and 4 The rotary blade for harvesting (rotary blade shown on the left side in the figure) 3 which is rotatable by a predetermined angle is operated so that the rear side of the part can be approached to the mouth of the bottle P by scratching, and the blade tip is partially First, the first step is completed by cutting only the mushrooms that are protruding or dangling from the mouths of the bottles P so as to reach a slightly inner side of the mouths of the bottles P and drop and harvest them. .
【0022】第1工程を終えた上記収穫用回転刃3を、
ビンPの口から離して元の状態に復してしまった後、引
き続き同じ位置で回転したままで、既に先の工程でビン
Pの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状となっている
茸が収穫されてしまい、略ビンPの口内に収まる状態の
茸だけに整理されて林立する茸群だけとされた下向きの
ビンPに対し、他方の収穫用回転刃4を作動させる第2
工程に移る。The rotary blade 3 for harvesting, which has completed the first step,
After separating from the mouth of the bottle P and returning to the original state, it continues to rotate at the same position, and it has already protruded from the mouth of the bottle P to the surroundings in the previous process or has become a hanging mushroom. The second rotary blade 4 for harvesting is actuated on the downwardly facing bin P, which is a group of mushrooms that are harvested and are grouped only into mushrooms that fit into the mouth of the bin P.
Move to the process.
【0023】この第2工程における収穫用回転刃4の作
動は、図中矢印で示されているように、回転させた同回
転刃4の表面が、ビンPの口の上に被さる(図中では、
ビンPの口が下を向いているため、ビンPの口を下から
覆う)円弧状軌跡Lに対し、常に接した状態で大きく揺
動可能とされていて、回転させた該回転刃4の刃先が、
ビンPの口の略中央に達するところまで揺動するよう規
制した動きを実現することにより、既に自転しているビ
ンPの動きと相俟って、ビンPの口には、全ての茸が切
断、落下して収穫された後に、培養基側に残存する幹部
分の切断面全体で形作る外形が、中央を盛り上げた略球
面状(三次曲面状)のものとなって、ビンP口から不要
な幹を含む株部分を盛り上がり状に残したまま第2工程
の切断、収穫工程を終了することになる。In the operation of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting in the second step, the surface of the rotary blade 4 which is rotated covers the mouth of the bottle P as shown by the arrow in the figure (in the figure). Then
Since the mouth of the bin P faces downward, the mouth of the bin P is covered from below) The arc-shaped locus L is in a state in which it is always in contact with the arc-shaped locus L and can be largely swung. The cutting edge is
By realizing the movement that is regulated so that the bottle P swings almost to the center of the mouth of the bottle P, in combination with the movement of the bottle P that is already rotating, all the mushrooms are in the mouth of the bottle P. After cutting, dropping and harvesting, the outer shape of the whole cutting surface of the stem portion remaining on the culture substrate side is a substantially spherical shape (third curved surface shape) with the center raised, which is unnecessary from the bottle P mouth. The cutting and harvesting steps of the second step are completed with the stock portion including the trunk remaining in a raised shape.
【0024】第1工程で、ビンPの口から周囲に食み出
すか垂れ下がり状となっている茸の幹に当たる収穫用回
転刃3の位置を調整することと、第2工程で、ビンP口
内に略収まって林立する茸群の幹を球面状に切断してし
まうこと(当然この工程でも、収穫用回転刃4の茸の幹
に当たる位置を調整し、該回転刃4が辿るビンP口から
の円弧状軌跡の高さを決定するようにする)とにより、
収穫される全ての茸の幹の長さに大きなバラつきを生じ
させないようにすることができる。以下では、この発明
の基本的な構成からなる茸の収穫方法を実施可能とする
上記機構を取り入れ、更にその後の端切り工程を実施す
る機構も組み合わせ、収穫前のビンから機械的に茸を収
穫してしまう一連の機構からなる茸収穫機の具体例につ
いて説明することにする。In the first step, adjusting the position of the rotary blade 3 for harvesting, which corresponds to the trunk of the mushroom that sticks out or hangs from the mouth of the bottle P, and in the second step, the inside of the mouth of the bottle P Slice the trunk of the group of mushrooms that fits into the forest to a spherical shape. (Of course, also in this process, adjust the position of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting that hits the trunk of the mushroom, and from the bottle P mouth that the rotary blade 4 follows. The height of the arcuate locus of is determined) and
The length of the trunks of all harvested mushrooms can be prevented from causing large variations. In the following, the above mechanism that enables the method for harvesting mushrooms consisting of the basic configuration of the present invention is incorporated, and a mechanism for performing the subsequent end cutting process is also combined to mechanically harvest mushrooms from the bottle before harvesting. A specific example of the mushroom harvester that is composed of a series of mechanisms will be described.
【0025】[0025]
【実施例2】図2の各ステージの配置関係を中心として
示す装置全体の構成図からも理解されるように、この発
明を代表する茸収穫機は、ローター2が、その周囲に中
心角で90度となる間隔で4本の固定ブロック22,2
2,……を有し、該固定ブロック22,22,……に夫
々同一構造のビンホルダー1,1,……が組み込まれて
なる、ビンホルダー4個を等間隔で装備した事例であ
る。4個のビンホルダー1,1,……は、ローター2の
間歇回転作動過程の停止時に、それらの何れかが、必ず
ローター2の真上(中心軸21を通る垂直面内)に位置
するよう、ローター2の間歇回転角度が規制され、同所
に位置することとなるビンホルダー1部分をビン交換ス
テージとする。[Embodiment 2] As can be understood from the block diagram of the entire apparatus shown in FIG. 2 centering on the positional relationship of each stage, the mushroom harvester representative of the present invention has a rotor 2 with a central angle around the rotor 2. Four fixed blocks 22 and 2 at intervals of 90 degrees
In this example, four bottle holders having the same structure are incorporated in the fixed blocks 22, 22, .. The four bottle holders 1, 1, ... Are such that any one of them is always positioned directly above the rotor 2 (in the vertical plane passing through the central axis 21) when the intermittent rotation operation process of the rotor 2 is stopped. The intermittent rotation angle of the rotor 2 is regulated, and the bin holder 1 portion located at the same place is used as a bin exchange stage.
【0026】ビンホルダー1は、図3のビン交換ステー
ジに位置した段階における要部斜視図に示されているよ
うに、4本(少くとも3本)の爪杆11,11,……の
中の2本(少くとも1本)が、L字形の爪杆11´,1
1´(あるいは11´)に形成されて台枠12に枢着さ
れていて、何れかのビンホルダー1がこのビン交換ステ
ージに達する過程、即ち、ローター2の回転に連れ、後
述する端切りステージに在ったビンホルダー1部分が移
動してきて次ぎに停止するまでの過程で、図4の作動図
に示されているように、ローター2の回転軌道内に固定
されたカムM9の曲面に沿って回転軸15内に遊嵌され
ている押上ピン13の下端が移動することにより、その
頭部が、爪杆11´,11´(あるいは11´)の水平
部下端に当接して押し上げる結果、同爪杆11´,11
´(あるいは11´)は、枢着部11aを中心としてそ
の各先端を外側に広げ、処理済みのビンPを取り出し易
くすると共に、その後に補充する収穫前のビンPを差し
込み易くする機構に形成されている。The bin holder 1 includes four (at least three) claw rods 11, 11, ... As shown in the perspective view of the main part when the bin holder 1 is located at the bin exchanging stage. 2 of them (at least 1) are L-shaped nail rods 11 ', 1
1 '(or 11') is formed and is pivotally attached to the underframe 12, and a process in which any one of the bottle holders 1 reaches this bin exchange stage, that is, as the rotor 2 rotates, an end cutting stage described later. As shown in the operation diagram of FIG. 4, in the process in which the portion of the bottle holder 1 existing in FIG. 1 moves and then stops, along the curved surface of the cam M9 fixed in the rotation track of the rotor 2, as shown in the operation diagram of FIG. As a result of the lower end of the push-up pin 13 loosely fitted in the rotary shaft 15 moving, its head abuts against the lower end of the horizontal portion of the pawl rods 11 ', 11' (or 11 ') and pushes it up, Same nail rod 11 ', 11
′ (Or 11 ′) is formed into a mechanism that spreads each tip of the pivotally-attached portion 11 a to the outside to make it easier to take out the processed bottle P and to easily insert the pre-harvest bottle P to be replenished thereafter. Has been done.
【0027】なお、このビン交換ステージに停止した
後、再びローター2が間歇回転を開始し始めた直後に
は、回転軸15の軸芯部に遊嵌されている押上ピン13
の下端が、カムM9の最上位部から外れてしまって下降
し、爪杆11´,11´(あるいは11´)を通常の状
態に復帰させ、新たに補充した収穫前のビンを仮着状に
抱持する機能を果たすことになる。この爪杆11´,1
1´(あるいは11´)の復帰作動と、ビン抱持機能と
を補助しているのが、爪杆11,11,……の上端近く
の切り欠き部11bに巻着した環状スプリング14であ
る。但し、同様の機能を果たすために、この環状スプリ
ング14に代え、枢着部11aその他適所にコイルスプ
リングや板バネ等、適宜公知の復元機構を組み込むよう
にすることは自由である。Immediately after the rotor 2 starts to rotate intermittently after stopping at the bin exchanging stage, the push-up pin 13 loosely fitted in the shaft core of the rotary shaft 15.
Lower end of the cam M9 is disengaged from the uppermost part of the cam M9 and descends to restore the nail rods 11 ', 11' (or 11 ') to a normal state, and the newly refilled pre-harvest bottle is temporarily attached. Will fulfill the function of hugging. This nail rod 11 ', 1
The annular spring 14 wound around the notch 11b near the upper ends of the claw rods 11, 11, ... Assists the returning operation of 1 '(or 11') and the bottle holding function. . However, in order to perform the same function, it is free to incorporate a known restoring mechanism such as a coil spring or a leaf spring in an appropriate place in place of the annular spring 14 in place of the annular spring 14.
【0028】図示にはしていないが、このビン交換ステ
ージには、収穫前のビンPの補充が無かった場合に、予
めセットとしてあるタイミングが経過してもローター2
の間歇回転が始動しないよう、光センサー等ビン検知装
置を組み込んでその状態を検知し、ローター2を作動す
る回路をビン検知装置からの信号で制御するようにする
のが望ましく、その場合、ビン交換ステージにおけるビ
ンホルダー1部分が、それ自体の回転作動系に接続され
ず、フリーの状態におかれて姿勢が定まらず、その結
果、複数の爪杆11,11,……の何れかがビンPの代
わりに検知されて誤作動してしまう虞もあることから、
ビン検知装置の検知機能に支障を生じさせない姿勢に爪
杆11,11,……が止まるようにする姿勢制御機構、
例えば、台枠12あるいは爪杆11,11,……の外側
に軽くブレーキ板を接触させてフリーな状態を静止させ
る機構等を組み合わせたものとする必要がある。Although not shown in the figure, in this bin exchange stage, if there is no replenishment of the bin P before harvesting, the rotor 2 is set even when a certain timing has passed in advance.
It is desirable to incorporate a bin detection device such as an optical sensor to detect the state so that intermittent rotation does not start, and to control the circuit that operates the rotor 2 by a signal from the bin detection device. The part of the bin holder 1 in the exchange stage is not connected to its own rotary operation system, and is left in a free state and its posture is not fixed. As a result, any one of the plurality of pawls 11, 11 ,. Since there is a possibility that it may be detected instead of P and malfunction may occur,
A posture control mechanism that allows the pawls 11, 11, ... To stop in a posture that does not hinder the detection function of the bottle detection device,
For example, it is necessary to combine a mechanism such as a brake plate which is lightly brought into contact with the outside of the underframe 12 or the claw rods 11, 11, ...
【0029】ビン交換ステージに位置するビンホルダー
1部分(二点鎖線表示部分)から、ローター2の回転方
向に中心角で90度進んだ箇所、即ち水平位置(図1で
右側の水平位置)のビンホルダー1部分は、この発明の
茸収穫方法の作業工程に何等の係わりも持たず、図5の
ビンPを省略して示す要部斜視図に示されているよう
に、遊びステージとなり、ビンホルダー1の回転作動系
から、先のビン交換ステージ同様、完全にフリーな位置
となる。但し、一端停止タイミングが解けて、ローター
2が間歇回転を開始し、該遊びステージのビンホルダー
1部分が回転方向に略45度程度進んだところで、図6
の略図的に示す平面図の如く、ビンホルダー1の台枠1
2が、ウレタン等の弾性体からなる予備回転ローラ6に
接触して予備回転させられ、次のステージである収穫ス
テージにおけるビンホルダー1の回転作動系への接続が
円滑になされるようにする予備段階の機能を担ってい
る。From the position of the bin holder 1 (the part indicated by the chain double-dashed line) located on the bin exchanging stage, at a position advanced by 90 degrees at the central angle in the rotation direction of the rotor 2, that is, at the horizontal position (the horizontal position on the right side in FIG. 1). The bottle holder 1 part has no relation to the working process of the mushroom harvesting method of the present invention, and serves as a play stage as shown in the perspective view of the main part of FIG. From the rotary operation system of the holder 1, as in the previous bottle exchange stage, the position is completely free. However, once the stop timing is released, the rotor 2 starts intermittent rotation, and when the bin holder 1 portion of the idle stage advances about 45 degrees in the rotation direction,
As shown in the schematic plan view of FIG.
2 is brought into contact with a preliminary rotation roller 6 made of an elastic material such as urethane to be preliminarily rotated, so that the bottle holder 1 can be smoothly connected to the rotary operation system in the harvest stage which is the next stage. It is responsible for the stage function.
【0030】先のビン交換ステージの真下(上記遊びス
テージから、ローター2の回転方向であって、中心角で
90度進んだ箇所)に位置することとなっているビンホ
ルダー1部分は、収穫ステージとなる。停止タイミング
中において、このステージに達しているビンホルダー1
は、全てのビンホルダー1,1,……に共通の構造とし
て同台枠12に直結させて組み込まれている回転軸15
が、図2のように、その下端(即ち、台枠12に接続し
た側と反対側端部)に形成されたベベルギア15aを、
回転作動系側の作動軸ベベルギアM1に噛合させ、ビン
ホルダー1を回転させ、収穫前の茸がビンPと共に回転
された状態とされる。なお、この回転軸15の軸受け
は、各固定ブロック22,22,……から、ローター2
の面に直交する方向(中心軸に平行する方向)に突設さ
せた水平状の軸受けアーム23,23,……に形成さ
れ、その軸芯に押上ピン13が遊嵌された構造とされて
いる。The portion of the bottle holder 1 which is to be located immediately below the bin exchange stage (the position where the rotor 2 is rotated by 90 degrees from the idle stage in the direction of rotation) is the harvest stage. Becomes Bottle holder 1 that has reached this stage during the stop timing
Is a rotary shaft 15 which is directly connected to the same underframe 12 as a structure common to all the bin holders 1, 1, ....
However, as shown in FIG. 2, the bevel gear 15a formed at the lower end (that is, the end opposite to the side connected to the underframe 12) is
The bevel gear M1 on the rotary operating system side is meshed with the bottle holder 1, and the bin holder 1 is rotated so that the mushroom before harvesting is rotated together with the bin P. In addition, the bearing of the rotary shaft 15 is constituted by the fixed blocks 22, 22 ,.
Is formed in a horizontal bearing arm 23, 23, ... which is provided to project in a direction orthogonal to the plane of (i.e., in the direction parallel to the central axis), and the push-up pin 13 is loosely fitted to the axis of the bearing arm. There is.
【0031】このステージには、図2に示されているよ
うに、ローター2の回転軌道を挟むような状態で一対の
収穫用回転刃3および4が用意されている。先ず、上記
遊びステージからこの収穫ステージに達し、ビンホルダ
ー1が回転し始めた直後に、収穫用回転刃3が、図7の
要部斜視図に示されているように、作動軸M3が同スプ
ロケットM31に伝導された駆動力で回転し、その回転
力を同作動軸ベベルギアM32から、カム軸M4側のベ
ベルギアM41に伝え、同カムM42の回動によってカ
ムフォロア32をその軌道に沿わせることにより、支え
板31が同枢着部33を支点として所定の角度回動する
ようにし、収穫用回転刃3をローター2の回転軌道内に
移動させて、図1の作動図に示すように、同刃先が回転
しているビンPの口周縁からやや内側に望む姿勢(二点
鎖線表示の状態)に変え、ビンPの口周縁から食み出す
か垂れ下がっている茸を切断、落下させてカゴB1に収
穫した後、直ぐに元の状態に復帰させてしまうようにす
る作動を実現する。図中、34は、支え板31の姿勢を
規制する引っ張りバネを示しているOn this stage, as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of rotary blades 3 and 4 for harvesting are prepared with the rotary orbit of the rotor 2 being sandwiched therebetween. First, immediately after the harvest stage is reached from the play stage and the bottle holder 1 starts to rotate, the rotary rotary blade 3 for harvesting is arranged so that the operating axis M3 is the same as shown in the perspective view of the main part of FIG. By rotating the driving force transmitted to the sprocket M31 and transmitting the rotational force from the operating shaft bevel gear M32 to the bevel gear M41 on the cam shaft M4 side, the cam follower 32 is caused to follow its orbit by the rotation of the cam M42. The supporting plate 31 is rotated by a predetermined angle with the pivot portion 33 as a fulcrum, the harvesting rotary blade 3 is moved into the rotation track of the rotor 2, and as shown in the operation diagram of FIG. The blade edge is rotated to a position slightly inward from the mouth edge of the bottle P (indicated by a chain double-dashed line), and the mushroom protruding or hanging from the mouth edge of the bottle P is cut and dropped to drop the basket B1. Harvested in , Immediately realizes the operation to ensure that would then return to its original state. In the figure, 34 indicates a tension spring that regulates the posture of the support plate 31.
【0032】引き継いで、もう一方の収穫用回転刃4側
は、図8の要部斜視図に示されているように、カム軸M
4に形成されたカムM43の回動で、枢着部M51が回
動支点となるカムアームM5のカムフォロアーM52を
その軌道に沿わせ、カムアームM5を大きく回動させる
ことにより、カムアームM5の先端から延びるロッドM
6が、収穫用回転刃4の支え板41に接続した揺動杆4
2を、同枢着部45を揺動中心として大きく揺動させ、
支え板41に取着されている収穫用回転刃4を、先の収
穫用回転刃3とは対称的な動きでローター2の回転軌道
内に入れ、図1の作動図が示すとおり、ビンP口の上に
被さる(ビンPが下向きに仮着状とされていることか
ら、換言すれば同口を下から覆う)ような円弧状軌跡L
に沿った動きとし、その刃先がビンPの略中心辺りに達
するところまで湾曲移動してしまうと、カムM43の軌
道でカムフォロアM52が元に戻り、揺動杆42も元の
状態に復元する。In succession, the other side of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting is provided with the cam shaft M as shown in the perspective view of the main part of FIG.
By rotating the cam M43 formed in 4, the cam follower M52 of the cam arm M5 whose pivot point is the pivotal fulcrum is moved along its trajectory, and the cam arm M5 is largely rotated, so that from the tip of the cam arm M5. Extending rod M
6 is a swing rod 4 connected to a support plate 41 of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting.
2 is swung about the same pivotal portion 45 as the swing center,
The rotary blade for harvesting 4 attached to the support plate 41 is placed in the rotary orbit of the rotor 2 in a symmetrical movement with respect to the rotary blade for harvesting 3 described above, and as shown in the operation diagram of FIG. An arcuate locus L that covers the mouth (because the bottle P is temporarily attached downwards, in other words, covers the mouth from below).
When the blade edge moves in a curved manner until it reaches the approximate center of the bin P, the cam follower M52 returns to its original position on the track of the cam M43, and the swing rod 42 is also restored to its original state.
【0033】この収穫用回転刃4の一連の動きは、ビン
ホルダー1でビンPを仮着、回転させた状態と並行して
実施されることから、ビンPの口の上で実現される切断
面が球面状(三次曲面)となり、その結果、ビンPの口
内に略収まる状態に整理されて林立する茸群は、その幹
全体が球面に沿って切断され、夫々の茸は、その幹の長
さにあまりバラつきを生じさせないで、先のカゴB1に
収穫される。なお、ビンP側に切断されて残る幹全てを
集合した切断面は、全体として中央が盛り上がった球面
状の切断面を呈することになる。この収穫ステージにお
ける一対の収穫用回転刃3および4の連続した動きは、
カム軸M4に形成する収穫用回転刃3を作動させるカム
M42と、収穫用回転刃3を作動させるカムM43との
各軌道の組み合わせ方によってタイミング良く実現する
ことができる。Since a series of movements of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting is carried out in parallel with the state where the bottle P is temporarily attached and rotated by the bottle holder 1, the cutting realized on the mouth of the bottle P is performed. The surface becomes spherical (three-dimensional curved surface), and as a result, the group of mushrooms that is organized and forested so as to fit within the mouth of the bottle P has its entire trunk cut along the spherical surface, and each mushroom is The basket B1 is harvested without causing the length to vary. In addition, the cut surface obtained by collecting all the trunks that are cut and left on the bin P side exhibits a spherical cut surface with a raised center as a whole. The continuous movement of the pair of rotary blades 3 and 4 for harvesting in this harvesting stage is
This can be achieved in good timing by combining the orbits of the cam M42 for operating the harvesting rotary blade 3 formed on the cam shaft M4 and the cam M43 for operating the harvesting rotary blade 3.
【0034】端切りステージは、上記収穫ステージか
ら、ローター2の回転方向であって、中心角で90度進
んだ箇所(ビン交換ステージから見れば、ローター2の
回転方向手前側、中心角で90度遅れた箇所)に位置す
ることとなるビンホルダー1部分となる。図9には、こ
の端切りステージにおけるビンホルダー1部分の作動系
を示す要部斜視図が示されている。同図からも理解され
るように、先の収穫ステージの各収穫用回転刃3および
4の各カムM42、M43を形成したカム軸M4を共通
として、その末端にカムM44が形成され、該カムM4
4にジョイントされたロッドM7に、端切り用回転刃5
を取着した支え板51の作用杆53を接続し、カムM4
4の回動で、支え板51が同枢着部52を中心とした回
動を実現するようにしてあり、その回動で、端切り用回
転刃5を移動させてローター2の回転軌道内に入り込ま
せ、その刃先が、ビンホルダー1に仮着状とされて回転
するビンPの略中心辺りにまで達した後、元の状態に復
するようにし、その過程で、ビンPの口から、中央を盛
り上げた球面状に残されている不要な株の部分を切り落
としてカゴB2に収容してしまい、この後のビンの次期
茸の発生に必要な株切り処理を終えるようにする。The edge-cutting stage is a portion which is 90 degrees ahead of the harvest stage in the rotation direction of the rotor 2 at the center angle (when viewed from the bin exchanging stage, the front side of the rotation direction of the rotor 2 is 90 degrees at the center angle). It becomes the bottle holder 1 part which will be located at a point). FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main part showing an operation system of the bottle holder 1 portion in the end cutting stage. As can be understood from the figure, the cam shaft M4 forming the cams M42 and M43 of the rotary blades 3 and 4 for harvesting in the previous harvesting stage is common, and a cam M44 is formed at the end of the cam shaft M4. M4
Rotating blade 5 for end cutting on rod M7 jointed to 4
The working rod 53 of the support plate 51 attached to the cam M4 is connected.
By the rotation of 4, the support plate 51 realizes the rotation around the pivotally-attached portion 52, and the rotation causes the end cutting rotary blade 5 to move so that the rotor 2 rotates within the rotation trajectory. After the blade edge has reached the approximate center of the rotating bottle P that is temporarily attached to the bottle holder 1, it is restored to its original state, and in the process, from the mouth of the bottle P. The unnecessary part of the spherical part remaining in the spherical shape with the center raised is cut off and housed in the basket B2, and the stock cutting process necessary for the subsequent generation of the next mushroom in the bottle is completed.
【0035】この端切り用回転刃5による切断処理は、
その刃先が、回転するビンPの口周縁擦れ擦れに近接し
て円滑に実施されるようにする目的から、図10の側面
図に示されているように、ビンPの口面P1に対し、回
転刃5がビンPの中心側に向けて約5度前後傾斜させた
配置関係になるよう、予め端切り用回転刃5の取り付け
構造を規制したものとするのが望ましい。図中、54
は、引っ張りスプリングを示し、端切り用回転刃5が回
動してビンPに近接する際、何等かの理由で刃先がビン
Pに接触して抵抗を受けた場合、その抵抗を逃がす機能
を果たすものである。The cutting process by the rotary blade 5 for edge cutting is as follows.
As shown in the side view of FIG. 10, for the purpose of allowing the blade edge to be smoothly carried out in the vicinity of the rubbing of the peripheral edge of the rotating bottle P, as shown in the side view of FIG. It is desirable that the attachment structure of the rotary blade 5 for end cutting be regulated in advance so that the rotary blade 5 is inclined about 5 degrees toward the center of the bottle P. 54 in the figure
Indicates a tension spring, and has a function of escaping the resistance when the edge cutting rotary blade 5 rotates and approaches the bin P and the blade tip comes into contact with the bin P for some reason and receives resistance. To fulfill.
【0036】[0036]
【作用効果】以上のとおりの構成からなるこの発明の茸
収穫方法は、ビン栽培固有の生長具合で、ビンの口周囲
から食み出すか垂れ下がり状となって傘状に広がる生え
方をし、しかも、茸の幹の長さが口の中央程長めとなる
傾向の収穫前の茸群を、なるべく幹の長さにバラつきを
生じさせることのないようにして収穫することを可能に
すると共に、全ての茸を無駄無く収穫する、特に機械的
に収穫する上で極めて都合の良い収穫方法であり、更
に、この特徴ある収穫方法故に、ビンの口から中央を盛
り上げた球面状の切断面で残る不要な株の部分も、この
収穫方法の中で合わせて処理を済ませてしまうようにす
ることもでき、茸の周年発生栽培をする上で極めて効率
的な作業工程を実現することができるものである。[Effects] The mushroom harvesting method of the present invention having the above-described configuration is a growth condition peculiar to bottle cultivation, and grows in the form of an umbrella that hangs out or hangs from the mouth of the bottle, Moreover, it is possible to harvest a group of mushrooms before harvest, in which the length of the trunk of the mushroom tends to be longer in the center of the mouth, as much as possible without causing variations in the length of the trunk, It is a very convenient harvesting method for harvesting all mushrooms without waste, especially mechanically, and because of this characteristic harvesting method, it remains on the spherical cut surface that bulges the center from the mouth of the bottle. Unnecessary strains can also be treated in this harvesting method, and an extremely efficient work process can be realized for the year-round cultivation of mushrooms. is there.
【0037】このように特徴ある収穫方法を機械的に実
現するこの発明の茸収穫機は、ローター外周に所定配置
によって各ステージを設け、ビン交換ステージにおいて
収穫後のビンと収穫前のビントとを出し入れさえすれ
ば、ローターの制御された間歇回転作動でビンが次々と
各ステージに移動して、この発明の収穫方法の工程を確
実に実施し、あまりバラつきを生じさせることのない長
さに幹を切断して、無駄なくビンから茸を収穫すると共
に、次期茸の発生に支障を来すことのない状態にまで株
の除去処理を済ませて、周年発生栽培管理にも都合の良
い収穫処理とすることができるという利点を有してい
る。In the mushroom harvester of the present invention which mechanically realizes the characteristic harvesting method as described above, each stage is provided on the outer periphery of the rotor by a predetermined arrangement, and a bin after harvesting and a bin before harvesting are provided in the bin exchanging stage. As long as it is put in and taken out, the bins move to each stage one after another by the controlled intermittent rotation operation of the rotor, so that the steps of the harvesting method of the present invention can be surely carried out, and the length of the stem does not cause much variation. The mushrooms are harvested from the bottles without any waste, and the strains are removed until it does not interfere with the next generation of mushrooms. It has the advantage that it can be done.
【0038】加えて、この発明の茸収穫機は、ローター
に組み込まれる各ビンホルダーがベベルギア付き回転軸
を有し、該ベベルギアを、ビンホルダーに回転を付与す
る必要のあるステージだけで作動機構系ベベルギアに接
続するようにしてビンを回転させ、夫々のステージ毎の
処理工程を実施できるようにしたことから、それらステ
ージでの切断処理が、回転刃のウオークを最少限として
最大の効果を得ることができるものにすると共に、特殊
な生長をする茸の切断にも極めて都合の良い球面状の切
断も可能として、バラつきの少ない茸の収穫を確実にす
るものであり、しかも、そのための機構も簡潔な構造の
ものとなって、製造も容易で比較的安価に提供可能であ
り、且つ安全で取り扱い性もよく、故障の少ないものと
することができるという秀れた特徴を有するものとな
る。In addition, in the mushroom harvester of the present invention, each bin holder incorporated in the rotor has a rotating shaft with a bevel gear, and the bevel gear is operated only by a stage in which it is necessary to impart rotation to the bin holder. Since the bottles are rotated by connecting to the bevel gears and the processing steps for each stage can be performed, the cutting process at those stages has the maximum effect by minimizing the walk of the rotary blade. In addition to making it possible to cut mushrooms that are specially grown and also spherical cutting that is extremely convenient for cutting, it is possible to ensure the harvest of mushrooms with little variation, and the mechanism for that is also simple. It has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, can be provided at a relatively low cost, and is safe, easy to handle, and has few failures. Say comes to have Xiu features.
【0039】特に、実施例に示すものでは、ローター2
に4つのビンホルダー1,1,……を等間隔で設けた事
例としたもので、バランス良く十字形配置とし、ビン交
換ステージでの補充に際し、収穫前のビンPが、必ずそ
の底をビンホルダー1の台枠12上に載置する状態で実
施され、その後のステージ、特に収穫ステージでの回転
刃3および4との関係に支障を来す虞をなくし、安全且
つ故障のない収穫処理の実施を可能にすると共に、本来
省略可能な遊びステージを加え、それから収穫ステージ
に移る際の予備回転を付与する予備回転ローラー6の配
置に都合の良い構成を実現し、しかも、収穫ステージと
端切りステージとの各回転刃3,4および5が、作動機
構系の1本の作動軸M3から伝導される回転力を1本の
カム軸M4で受け、それを共用した形で組み合わせたカ
ムM42,M43,M44でローター2の軌道内に出入
りするようにして茸の幹部分あるいは株部分を切断し、
且つ、この発明の特徴的な球面状の切断をも可能とする
ものであり、全体として構成も簡潔で安価に製造できる
というこの発明固有の効果が更に一層特徴付けられるも
のとなっている。In particular, in the embodiment shown, the rotor 2
In this example, four bin holders 1, 1, ... Are equidistantly arranged in a well-balanced cruciform arrangement, and when replenishing at the bin exchange stage, the bottle P before harvesting must always have its bottom at the bottom. It is carried out in a state of being mounted on the underframe 12 of the holder 1, and there is no risk of interfering with the relationship with the rotary blades 3 and 4 in the subsequent stage, particularly in the harvesting stage, and a safe and trouble-free harvesting process is performed. It realizes a configuration that is convenient for the arrangement of the pre-rotating roller 6 that enables the implementation and adds an originally optional play stage, and then provides the pre-rotation when transferring to the harvest stage, and further, the harvest stage and the end cutting. A cam M42 in which the rotary blades 3, 4 and 5 with the stage receive the rotational force transmitted from one operating shaft M3 of the operating mechanism system by one cam shaft M4 and combine them in a shared form. M43 So as to go in and out the trajectory of the rotor 2 by cutting the trunk or strains portion of mushrooms in M44,
In addition, the present invention enables the characteristic spherical cutting of the present invention, and is further characterized by the effect peculiar to the present invention that the overall structure is simple and can be manufactured at low cost.
【0040】なお、実施例では、この発明の代表的な構
成のみを示すに止どまり、この発明の技術的思想が包含
する他の具体例、例えば、ビンホルダー1を最低の3
個、あるいは5個以上のものとした事例や、あるいは、
各ステージの配置を十字形ではなくX字形、転倒Y字形
等に配した事例、更には、収穫ステージおよび端切りス
テージにおける各回転刃3,4および5のビンP口面P
1に対する近接度合いの調整等についての具体例等を示
していないが、それらは、図面に示す具体例を基に、適
宜公知の技術を応用して各種の構成に容易に実現可能で
あり、特に例示することを省略したものである。叙上の
如く、この発明は、茸栽培、特にビン栽培による茸の収
穫に極めて適した収穫方法、およびそれを利用して極め
て効率的な収穫機を実現することに成功したものであ
り、採算効率を上げる点で日夜苦労を重ねる茸栽培農家
に対し、大いに貢献するものになるものと予想される。In the embodiment, only a typical constitution of the present invention is shown, and other specific examples included in the technical idea of the present invention, for example, the bottle holder 1 having a minimum number of 3 are shown.
Or a case of 5 or more, or
An example of arranging the stages in an X shape, a fall Y shape, etc. instead of a cross shape, and further, the bin P of the rotary blades 3, 4 and 5 in the harvest stage and the end cutting stage
Although specific examples of adjusting the proximity degree to 1 are not shown, they can be easily realized in various configurations by appropriately applying known techniques based on the specific examples shown in the drawings. The illustration is omitted. As described above, the present invention has succeeded in realizing an extremely efficient harvesting machine by using a harvesting method which is extremely suitable for harvesting mushrooms by mushroom cultivation, in particular bottle cultivation, and using it. It is expected that it will greatly contribute to the mushroom growers who struggle day and night in terms of increasing efficiency.
図面は、この発明の代表的な実施例に基づくものであ
る。The drawings are based on a representative embodiment of the invention.
【図 1】この発明の基本的な構成の茸収穫方法を実現
可能とする機構の、作動状態を含む構成図である。FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram including an operating state of a mechanism capable of realizing a mushroom harvesting method having a basic configuration of the present invention.
【図 2】茸収穫機の要部の配置関係を示す構成図であ
る。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an arrangement relationship of main parts of the mushroom harvester.
【図 3】ビン交換ステージに位置しビンホルダー部分
の要部斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an essential part of a bottle holder portion located on the bottle exchange stage.
【図 4】押上ピンの作動図である。FIG. 4 is an operation diagram of a push-up pin.
【図 5】遊びステージに位置したビンホルダー部分の
ビンPを省略して示す要部斜視図である。FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an essential part showing a bottle P of a bottle holder portion located on a play stage, omitted.
【図 6】予備回転ローラーの配置関係を示す構成図で
ある。FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing an arrangement relationship of preliminary rotation rollers.
【図 7】収穫ステージにおける一方の収穫用回転刃の
作動機構系を示す要部斜視図である。FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an essential part showing an operating mechanism system of one harvesting rotary blade in a harvesting stage.
【図 8】収穫ステージにおける他方の収穫用回転刃の
作動機構系を示す要部斜視図である。FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an essential part showing the operation mechanism system of the other harvesting rotary blade in the harvesting stage.
【図 9】端切りステージにおける端切り用回転刃の作
動機構系を示す要部斜視図である。FIG. 9 is a perspective view of relevant parts showing an operating mechanism system of the rotary blade for edge cutting in the edge cutting stage.
【図10】端切り用回転刃の切断過程におけるビンとの
関係を示す構成図である。FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a relationship with a bottle in a cutting process of a rotary blade for edge cutting.
1 ビンホルダー 11 同爪杆 11´ 同L字形爪杆 12 同台枠 13 同押上ピン 14 同引っ張りスプリング 15 同回転軸 2 ローター 21 同中心軸 22 同固定ブロック 23 同軸受けアーム 3 収穫用回転刃 31 同支え板 32 同カムフォロアー 33 同枢着部 34 同引っ張りスプリング 35 同駆動モーター 4 収穫用回転刃 41 同支え板 42 同揺動杆 43 同駆動モーター 44 同引っ張りスプリング 45 同枢着部 5 端切り用回転刃 51 同支え板 52 同枢着部 53 同作用杆 54 同引っ張りスプリング 55 同駆動モーター 6 予備回転ローラー M1 収穫ステージ用の作動機構側ベベルギア M2 端切りステージ用の作動機構側ベベルギア M3 作動軸 M31 同スプロケット M32 同作動軸ベベルギア M4 カム軸 M41 同カム軸ベベルギア M42 同カム M43 同カム M44 同カム M5 カムアーム M51 同枢着部 M52 同カムフォロアー M6 ロッド M9 押上カム P ビン P1 同口面 L 円弧状軌跡 1 bottle holder 11 same claw rod 11 'same L-shaped claw rod 12 same underframe 13 same push up pin 14 same tension spring 15 same rotation shaft 2 rotor 21 same center shaft 22 same fixed block 23 coaxial receiving arm 3 harvesting rotary blade 31 The support plate 32 The cam follower 33 The pivot part 34 The tension spring 35 The drive motor 4 The rotary blade for harvesting 41 The support plate 42 The swing rod 43 The drive motor 44 The tension spring 45 The pivot part 5 The end cut Rotary blade 51 same support plate 52 same pivot portion 53 same action rod 54 same tension spring 55 same drive motor 6 preliminary rotation roller M1 bevel gear M2 for operation mechanism side for harvesting stage bevel gear M3 operation shaft for end cutting stage M31 Same sprocket M32 Same operating shaft Bevel gear M4 Cam shaft M41 Same Arm shaft bevel gear M42 same cam M43 said cam M44 same cam M5 cam arm M51 the pivot portion M52 the cam follower M6 rod M9 push up the cam P bottle P1 same mouth surface L arcuate path
Claims (5)
置から更に傾け、同口を下向きあるいは下向き加減とし
た状態で回転させながら、同ビンの口外周に収穫用回転
刃を近接させ、ビンの口から食み出すか周囲に垂れ下が
り状となっている茸の幹部分を切断、落下させてしま
い、略ビン口内だけに茸が林立状となるようにする第1
工程と、ビン口周囲の茸が切断されてしまったビンを回
転させながら、他の収穫用回転刃を、ビンの口の上方に
おいて、その中心を通る円弧状軌道で移動させ、略ビン
口内で林立する茸だけに整理された茸群の幹を切断、落
下し、刈り残された茸の幹全体が、ビンの口部分におい
て略球面状に残存する如くする第2工程とからビン栽培
された茸を収穫するようにした、ビン栽培による茸の収
穫方法。1. A harvesting blade is brought close to the mouth of the same bin while tilting the bin with mushrooms further from the position lying right down and rotating the mouth downward or with the mouth adjusted downward. , Trunks of mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle or hang down around the bottle are cut and dropped, so that the mushrooms become forested only in the mouth of the bottle.
While rotating the process and the bottle in which the mushroom around the bottle mouth has been cut, move the other harvesting rotary blades in an arcuate path passing through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and approximately in the bottle mouth. It was cultivated in bottles from the second step, in which the trunks of the group of mushrooms arranged only for forested mushrooms were cut and dropped, and the entire stem of the uncut mushrooms remained in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle. A method for harvesting mushrooms by bottle cultivation so that the mushrooms are harvested.
置から更に傾け、同口を下向きあるいは下向き加減とし
た状態で回転させながら、同ビンの口外周に収穫用回転
刃を近接させ、ビンの口から食み出すか周囲に垂れ下が
り状となっている茸の幹部分を切断、落下させてしま
い、略ビン口内だけに茸が林立状となるようにする第1
工程と、ビン口周囲の茸が切断されてしまったビンを回
転させながら、他の収穫用回転刃を、ビンの口の上方に
おいて、その中心を通る円弧状軌道で移動させ、略ビン
口内で林立する茸だけに整理された茸群の幹を切断、落
下し、刈り残された茸の幹が、ビンの口部分において略
球面状に残存する如くする第2工程と、ビンの口部分に
略球面状に残存する不要な幹を含む株部分をビンの口上
縁擦れ擦れに切断し、次期茸の発生に備える処理をする
第3工程とからビン栽培された茸を収穫するようにし
た、ビン栽培による茸の収穫方法。2. A harvesting blade is placed close to the mouth of the bin while further tilting the bin with mushrooms from the position lying right down and rotating the bin downward or with the mouth adjusted downward. , Trunks of mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle or hang down around the bottle are cut and dropped, so that the mushrooms become forested only in the mouth of the bottle.
While rotating the process and the bottle in which the mushroom around the bottle mouth has been cut, move the other harvesting rotary blades in an arcuate path passing through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and approximately in the bottle mouth. Cut the trunk of the group of mushrooms arranged only for forested mushrooms, drop it, and leave the uncut mushroom trunk in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle, and in the mouth of the bottle The stock portion containing the unnecessary stem remaining in a substantially spherical shape was cut into rubbing on the rim of the mouth of the bottle, and the bottle-grown mushroom was harvested from the third step of preparing for the occurrence of the next-stage mushroom. How to harvest mushrooms by bottle cultivation.
外周に、ビン口を外側に向けた姿勢で仮着可能とする少
なくとも3個のビンホルダーが装着され、ローターの間
歇回転動を、常に何れかのビンホルダーが、必ず最上位
あるいはそれに近い位置で停止するよう規制したものと
し、同最上位あるいはそれに近い位置に停止したビンホ
ルダー部分が、刈り取り前の茸群の生えたビンに交換を
するビン交換ステージ、それよりもローター回転方向前
方であって真横よりも下方位置で停止するビンホルダー
部分が、ビンの口から傘状に生え揃った茸の中、ビンの
口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状となっている茸
と、それらを除いてビン口内で林立する茸群とに別け、
且つ球面状に切断して収穫カゴ内に落下させる収穫ステ
ージ、更にそれよりもローター回転方向前方で停止する
ビンホルダー部分が、ビンの口部分に球面状に刈り残っ
た株部分を、ビンの口擦れ擦れの部分から切り落として
しまう端切りステージとなるようにしたことを特徴とす
る茸収穫機。3. At least three bin holders that can be temporarily attached to the outer periphery of the rotor formed to be capable of intermittent rotation are installed so that the bin mouth faces outward, and the intermittent rotation of the rotor is always maintained. It is assumed that one of the bottle holders is always stopped at the highest position or a position near it, and the bottle holder part stopped at the same highest position or a position near it should be replaced with a bottle of a group of mushrooms before cutting. The bin exchange stage, and the bottle holder part that stops in front of the rotor rotation direction and below the horizontal position, eats inside the mushrooms that have grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle. Separate the mushrooms that are put out or drooping and the group of mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth excluding them.
In addition, the harvest stage that cuts into a spherical shape and drops it into the harvest basket, and the bottle holder part that stops further forward than that in the rotor rotation direction, removes the stock part that remains spherically cut in the mouth part of the bottle from the mouth of the bottle. A mushroom harvester characterized by an end cutting stage that cuts off from the rubbing area.
外周に、等間隔で少なくとも3個の軸受け部を配し、各
軸受け部には、夫々軸芯がローターの回転中心に向かう
如くした回転軸が軸着され、それら何れの回転軸とも、
ローター回転中心から一定距離を隔てた位置となる内側
端部に回転軸ギアが装着されると共に、回転軸の外側に
は、ビン口を外側に向けた姿勢で仮着可能とするビンホ
ルダーが装着され、ローターの間歇回転動を、常に何れ
かのビンホルダーが、必ず最上位あるいはそれに近い位
置で停止するよう規制し、同最上位あるいはそれに近い
位置に停止したビンホルダー部分が、ビンを供給、取出
しをするビン交換ステージ、それよりもローター回転方
向前方であって真横よりも下方位置で停止するビンホル
ダー部分が、ビンの口から傘状に生え揃った茸の中、ビ
ンの口から周囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状となっている
茸と、それらを除いてビン口内で林立する茸群とに別
け、且つ球面状に切断して収穫カゴ内に落下させる収穫
ステージ、更にそれよりもローター回転方向前方で停止
するビンホルダー部分が、ビンの口部分に刈り残った茸
幹部分を、略ビンの口擦れ擦れの部分から切り落として
しまう端切りステージとなるようにし、収穫ステージお
よび端切りステージに位置した回転軸が、そのギアを伝
導軸ギアに噛合してビンホルダーを回転させるようにし
たことを特徴とする茸収穫機。4. At least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery of a rotor formed to be capable of intermittent rotation, and each bearing portion has its axis directed toward the center of rotation of the rotor. A shaft is attached to each of the rotary shafts,
A rotating shaft gear is attached to the inner end that is located a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor, and a bin holder that allows temporary attachment with the bottle mouth facing outward is attached to the outside of the rotating shaft. The intermittent rotation of the rotor is regulated so that one of the bottle holders always stops at the highest position or a position close to it, and the bottle holder part that stops at the same top position or a position near it supplies the bottle. The bin exchange stage for taking out the bottle, the bottle holder part that stops at the position forward of the rotor rotation direction and below the side of the rotor, is inside the mushroom that has grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle. A harvest stage in which the mushrooms that stick out or hang down are separated from the group of mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth except for them, and are cut into spherical shapes and dropped into the harvest basket. The bin holder part that stops at the front of the rotation direction of the rotor becomes an end cutting stage that cuts off the part of the mushroom that remains uncut in the mouth part of the bottle from the part where the mouth of the bottle is rubbing and rubbing. A mushroom harvester characterized in that a rotary shaft positioned on an end cutting stage meshes its gear with a transmission shaft gear to rotate a bottle holder.
外周に、等間隔で少なくとも3個の軸受け部を配し、各
軸受け部には、夫々軸芯がローターの回転中心に向かう
如くして回転軸が軸着され、それら何れの回転軸とも、
ローター回転中心から一定距離を隔てた位置となる内側
端部に回転軸ギアが装着されると共に、回転軸の外側端
部には、ビン口を外側に向けた姿勢で仮着可能とするビ
ンホルダーが装着され、ローターの間歇回転動を、常に
何れかのビンホルダーが、必ず最上位あるいはそれに近
い位置で停止するよう規制することにより、同最上位あ
るいはそれに近い位置に停止したビンホルダー部分が、
ビンの供給、取出しを可能とするよう、ビンホルダーの
挟着爪が全てあるいはその一部を外方に拡開させるビン
交換ステージ、それよりもローター回転方向前方であっ
て真横よりも下方位置で停止するビンホルダー部分が、
ビンの口から傘状に生え揃った茸の中、ビンの口から周
囲に食み出すか垂れ下がり状となっている茸と、それら
を除いてビン口内で林立する茸群とに別け、且つ球面状
に切断して収穫カゴ内に落下させるよう、同回転軸ベベ
ルギアが作動軸ベベルギアに噛合してビンホルダーを回
転させながら一対の収穫用回転刃の2段作動で別々に茸
幹を切断、落下させる収穫ステージ、更にそれよりもロ
ーター回転方向前方で停止するビンホルダー部分が、先
の収穫ステージで刈り残った茸幹部分を、略ビンの口擦
れ擦れの部分から切り落としてしまうよう、同回転軸ベ
ベルギアが作動軸ベベルギアに噛合してビンホルダーを
回転させながら端切り用回転刃で株部分を切断する端切
りステージとなる如くしてなる茸収穫機。5. At least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery of a rotor formed to be capable of intermittent rotation, and each bearing portion has its axis facing the center of rotation of the rotor. The rotary shaft is pivotally attached, and both rotary shafts are
A rotating shaft gear is attached to the inner end that is located a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor, and a bin holder that allows temporary attachment to the outer end of the rotating shaft with the bottle mouth facing outward. Is installed, the intermittent rotation of the rotor is always regulated so that one of the bin holders always stops at the topmost position or a position close to it, so that the bin holder part stopped at the topmost position or a position close to it is
A bin exchange stage in which the pinching claws of the bin holder expand all or part of it outward so that bins can be supplied and taken out. The bottle holder part to stop is
Among the mushrooms that grow like umbrellas from the mouth of the bottle, separate into the mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings or hang down, and the mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle excluding them and are spherical The rotating shaft bevel gear meshes with the operating shaft bevel gear to rotate the bottle holder so that it can be cut into pieces and dropped into the harvest basket. The harvesting stage to be allowed to move, and the bottle holder that stops in front of the rotor in the direction of rotation, cut off the mushroom trunk that has been left uncut in the previous harvesting stage, so that it will be cut off from the area of the bottle that is rubbing the mouth. A mushroom harvester in which a bevel gear meshes with an operating shaft bevel gear to form an end cutting stage in which a rotary cutting blade cuts a stock part while rotating a bottle holder.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP19187694A JP3488514B2 (en) | 1994-07-22 | 1994-07-22 | Mushroom harvester |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP19187694A JP3488514B2 (en) | 1994-07-22 | 1994-07-22 | Mushroom harvester |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH0833421A true JPH0833421A (en) | 1996-02-06 |
JP3488514B2 JP3488514B2 (en) | 2004-01-19 |
Family
ID=16281951
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP19187694A Expired - Fee Related JP3488514B2 (en) | 1994-07-22 | 1994-07-22 | Mushroom harvester |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP3488514B2 (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005328808A (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-12-02 | Circle Iron Work Co Ltd | Mushroom harvester |
CN109328876A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-15 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Antiforeign bacteria infects mycelium stimulation device and mycelium stimulation method |
CN113273443A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2021-08-20 | 连云港如意情食用菌生物科技有限公司 | Automatic picking equipment for needle mushroom planting |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5845507B2 (en) * | 2012-01-31 | 2016-01-20 | 株式会社ピーエーイー | Mushroom cutting device and one mushroom |
JP6148694B2 (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-06-14 | 有限会社新潟システム制御 | Harvesting machine |
-
1994
- 1994-07-22 JP JP19187694A patent/JP3488514B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005328808A (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2005-12-02 | Circle Iron Work Co Ltd | Mushroom harvester |
JP4573294B2 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2010-11-04 | 日本甜菜製糖株式会社 | Harvesting machine |
CN109328876A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-02-15 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Antiforeign bacteria infects mycelium stimulation device and mycelium stimulation method |
CN109328876B (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2023-08-18 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Device and method for preventing infectious microbe infection from scratching |
CN113273443A (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2021-08-20 | 连云港如意情食用菌生物科技有限公司 | Automatic picking equipment for needle mushroom planting |
CN113273443B (en) * | 2020-10-17 | 2024-05-28 | 连云港如意情食用菌生物科技有限公司 | Automatic picking equipment for needle mushroom planting |
Also Published As
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