JPH0833421A - Method for harvesting mushroom by bin culture and mushroom harvester adopting the same method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a method for harvesting mushrooms by a mechanical device instead of manual operation, by packing a culture medium into a bottle, inoculating fungi to the culture medium, elongating mycelia and completely ripening mushrooms. CONSTITUTION:This method for harvesting mushrooms by bottle culture comprises a first process in which a harvesting rotary blade 3 is brought close to the outer periphery of the mouth of a bottle while rotating the mouth of the bottle downward to cut and drop a trunk part of a mushroom and mushrooms are made to stand close together approximately only the mouth of the bottle and a second process in which another harvesting rotary blade 4 is moved in a circular arc track while revolving the bottle wherein the mushrooms in the periphery of the mouth have been cut, trunks of the mushroom group adjusted only to mushrooms standing close together in the mouth of the bottle are cut, dropped and trunks of unreaped mushrooms remain approximately in a spherical surface state.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to a method for harvesting mushrooms, and more particularly to a method for harvesting mushrooms from bottles filled with a culture medium and inoculated with a bacterium to elongate and fully mature hyphae to generate mushrooms. The present invention intends to provide a new harvesting method that is convenient for automation by a mechanical device rather than manual work, and a mushroom harvester having a new configuration using the new harvesting method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Japan has geographically long and narrow national territories in the north and south, which is rich in variations in terms of regional climate, and because the forest area reaches 60% of the national land, it is a growing environment for mushrooms. Excellent, over 1000 kinds of mushrooms have been generated even if confirmed only now, and it has been taken in as a valuable and familiar food source from old times, and the mushroom cultivation that artificially supplies it is It is one of the important forms of agriculture in Japan, like rice farming and vegetable farming.

This mushroom cultivation is roughly classified into one of three cultivation methods according to the kind of mushroom among the three cultivation methods of cultivation with raw wood, cultivation with sawdust and cultivation with rice straw. Of the mushrooms familiar on the daily table, except for shiitake mushrooms, three types of mushrooms, nameko, oyster mushrooms and enoki mushrooms, are mainly cultivated by the above-mentioned sawdust, and until about one time, nameko, oyster mushrooms are container-cultivated. It is a cultivation method that fills a large box called a sawdust mainly with a culture medium, and only Enoki mushroom is cultivated in a bottle cultivation in which a bottle with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of about 20 cm is filled with the culture medium, Different containers were used in the cultivation process, but now, each mushroom is suitable for the purpose of year-round cultivation, and because of its good handling and stability of harvest, nameko and oyster mushrooms are mostly grown in bottles. The method is being adopted.

In mushroom cultivation by bottle cultivation, the culture medium mainly composed of sawdust is packed in a predetermined bottle, and the fungus grown farmers inoculate the culture medium inoculated into the respective culture medium in the bottle, and then the hyphae are elongated in the first culture. After ripening and ripening, promote the generation of mushrooms in the second culturing stage, and when the mushrooms are ready for growth, each worker enters into a cultivation room of low temperature and high humidity and equipment such as scissors for each bottle. It is extremely inefficient to cut and harvest mushrooms by hand, and they have been forced to cultivate with labor. As a result, agriculture is considered to be difficult to make a profit for the amount of labor input, and as labor costs in other fields rise, this mushroom farming gradually begins to lose its appeal as an agricultural field. Was coming.

From such an actual situation, it is necessary to rationalize harvesting means in mushroom cultivation, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No.
Like the invention seen in the "mushroom cutting device" published in Japanese Patent Publication No. 190117, a mushroom that has grown by the second culture is
At the stage of foresting like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle, it was selectively attached to the bottle attachment part of each rotating body, and the necks of the mushrooms that protrude from the bottle and spread out like an umbrella were bundled together. On the other hand, in the continuous rotation process of the rotating body, the tip of the mushroom is cut first, and then the base of the mushroom that remains on the mouth side of the bottle is cut off. There is also proposed a device that moves only the rotary blade in a circular arc in one direction and cuts the trunk of the mushroom into a curved surface (secondary curved surface) on the mouth of the bottle, which is mechanized instead of manual work. Those that enable harvesting of mushrooms have already been put to practical use, and some farmers are incorporating them into mushroom cultivation to improve their effectiveness.

[0006] Some of the mechanical devices already proposed, including the above-mentioned known techniques, certainly allow mechanical cutting and harvesting of mushrooms grown in bottles, and the harmful effects of manual work up to that point. However, the mechanism is generally complicated and it is an expensive working machine, and it is not always possible to immediately respond to the economic efficiency of mushroom growers of all sizes. It was inevitable to say that it was a mechanical device for large-scale farms, and in terms of its function, the drawback that the length of the harvested mushroom trunk was uneven was solved. There were only things that were not clean. .

In view of such a situation, the present invention has a simple structure capable of reducing the cost as much as possible, and
The growth of mushrooms peculiar to bottle cultivation, that is, even if the head of the mushroom grows like an umbrella on the mouth of the bottle,
It is intended to provide a new mushroom harvesting method that enables cutting and harvesting of the trunk lengths of the respective mushrooms, and a mushroom harvester having a new configuration that makes it possible. Hereinafter, the configuration will be described in detail together with specific examples that represent the present invention.

[0008]

The method for harvesting mushrooms by bottle cultivation according to the present invention basically has the following structure. In other words, the bin with mushrooms is further tilted from the position lying right next to it, and while rotating the same mouth downward or with the mouth adjusted downward, the rotary blade for harvesting is brought close to the outer circumference of the mouth of the same bottle, The first step is to cut and drop the trunk of the mushroom that sticks out or hangs down from the mouth to make the mushroom become forested only in the mouth of the bottle. While rotating the bottle in which the mushrooms that have been cut are rotated, move the other rotary blades for harvesting in an arcuate path that passes through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and arrange only mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle. Mushrooms grown in bottles are cut and dropped, and the stems of the mushrooms that have been left uncut remain in a substantially spherical shape (three-dimensional curved surface) at the mouth of the bottle. This is a method of harvesting mushrooms so that they are harvested.

In the group of mushrooms grown by bottle cultivation, the hyphae efficiently grow in a narrow container called a bottle, and the fungus spreads and fully matures. As a result, uneven growth like in container cultivation does not occur and is stable. Although it can be harvested, it is dense and grows in the mouth of the bottle and the heads of each mushroom collide with each other,
Since the growth of mushrooms around the center is somewhat better than that of the surroundings, the part of the mushroom strain is naturally rooted in the culture medium of the bottle mouth, but the upper part of the stem is around the mouth of the bottle. The stems that grow closer to the stock must be somewhat smaller and valgus, and at the outermost position or the position closest to it, the head protrudes largely from the mouth of the bottle to the outside, and the inside is the outside. It is usually in the form of a pendant, and it is usually in the form of an umbrella that spreads in a spherical shape as a whole.

[0010] In the first step, mushrooms that have protruded outside of the planar shape of the mouths of the bottles, or have become slightly protruded, are cut at a predetermined height position of the trunk, and firstly they are cut. The mushrooms are harvested, and they are arranged in advance in the bottle so that only the mushrooms that are almost contained within the periphery of the bottle stand in the forest. Therefore, the cutting is performed by inserting the rotary blade for harvesting from the bottom of the head of the mushroom that is hanging around the mouth of the bottle, making it close to the mouth of the bottle, and also rotating the bottle itself. As a result, the mushrooms which are located around the mouth edge of the bottle and which are largely valgus or hang down should be scratched under the heads of the bottles to cut off a predetermined portion of each trunk.

In the second step, all the mushrooms that are protruding from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings in the first step or have a hanging shape are harvested, and the mushrooms are put into the bottle so that they are almost contained in the mouth of the bottle. While holding the closed bottle in the rotated state as well, bring the other rotary blades for harvesting, which are prepared so as to form a pair with the rotary blade used in the first step, to bring all the remaining mushrooms into contact. This is a process of harvesting by cutting a predetermined position of the trunk, and the group of mushrooms cut in this process is targeted for the mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth in a state of being almost fit. As the mushroom grows taller (longer trunk) and the heads of the mushrooms tend to be spherical, the trunk remains cut and remains on the head side in response to these situations. To achieve a cutting that does not cause too much variation in the length of Need to cut, such as cutting plane of the entire group is spherical (like tertiary curved surface), in order that, while the bottle itself is constant speed, the harvesting rotary blade,
Above the mouth of the bottle, it must be regulated so that the cutting is performed so as to move in an arcuate orbit passing through the center of the bottle.

[0012]

Related Invention The present invention also includes the following invention in relation to the invention having the above-mentioned basic structure. In other words, the bin with mushrooms is further tilted from the position lying right next to it, and while rotating the same mouth downward or with the mouth adjusted downward, the rotary blade for harvesting is brought close to the outer circumference of the mouth of the same bottle, The first step is to cut and drop the trunk of the mushroom that sticks out or hangs down from the mouth to make the mushroom become forested only in the mouth of the bottle. While rotating the bottle in which the mushrooms that have been cut are rotated, move the other rotary blades for harvesting in an arcuate path that passes through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and arrange only mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle. The second step of cutting and dropping the trunks of the group of mushrooms left behind so that the trunks of the uncut mushrooms remain in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle, and remains in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle The stem of the mushroom is cut into pieces by rubbing it against the upper edge of the bottle, and the next sprouting occurs. And to harvest the third step bin cultivated mushrooms from a to a process comprising the a harvesting method of mushroom by bottle cultivation.

In the related invention, in addition to the basic structure consisting of the first step and the second step described above, as a third step after that, the trunk of the mushroom that remains in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle is bottled. It is a method of harvesting mushrooms that includes a step of preparing for the next sprouting by cutting to the rubbing of the upper edge of the mushroom, and for mushroom cultivation agriculture where annual cultivation is now a common practice,
In order to ensure the occurrence of mushrooms again from the bottle after mushroom harvest,
Naturally, the treatment of the remaining stem portion is a necessary work, and the present invention is characterized in that the treatment process of the strain containing the residual stem is combined continuously after the mushroom harvesting process. The present invention relates to a method for harvesting mushrooms by bottle cultivation of the present invention having the above-described configuration, and the present invention includes a mushroom harvester having the following configuration realized by incorporating the harvesting method.

[0014]

[Other related inventions] A mushroom harvester incorporating the above-described method for harvesting mushrooms basically has the following configuration. That is, at least three bin holders that can be temporarily attached with the bin mouth facing outward are attached to the outer circumference of the rotor that is formed to be intermittently rotatable, and the intermittent rotation of the rotor can be performed at any time. It is assumed that the bin holder is always stopped at or near the topmost position, and the bin holder part that stops at the topmost or nearer position is replaced with a bin that has a mushroom group before cutting. The stage, the bottle holder part that stops in front of the rotor in the direction of rotation and below the horizontal side, sticks out or hangs down from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings in the mushrooms that have grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle. A harvesting stage in which the mushrooms that are in the shape of a tree and the mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth except for them are cut and dropped into the harvesting basket, and further in front of the rotation direction of the rotor. The mushroom holder characterized in that the bottle holder part that stops at the point becomes the end cutting stage that cuts off the part of the mushroom trunk that has been spherically cut off in the mouth part of the bottle from the rubbing part of the bottle It is an opportunity.

The rotor is rotated at a low speed up to its central axis through a known conduction mechanism such as belt conduction or gear conduction so as to rotate at a constant speed in a vertical plane using a reduction electric motor as a drive source. At least 3 on the perimeter
The position of each bottle holder shall be controlled so as to be intermittent rotation motion which is stopped for a predetermined time at a predetermined bin exchange stage, harvest stage, and end cutting stage, and is intermittently rotated and started. . Then, the work mechanism drive system in each stage is relayed to the rotor operation control mechanism so that the operation of the work mechanism in each stage is turned on and off at the timing of starting and stopping the rotor.

At least three bin holders are formed on the outer circumference of the rotor at equal intervals (that is, at positions where the spread angles from the rotor center rotation axis are the same), and any one of them is formed. The bin holder is regulated so that it always stops at the uppermost position or a position close to it in the intermittent rotation process.From the bin that has been harvested and the end of the trunk has been cut, the bottle holder part that stopped at the same position grows mushrooms. The bottle holder stage that determines the bottle exchange stage to replace the bottle before harvesting and that is determined in relation to its position and that stops at a position forward of the rotor rotation direction and below the horizontal side (however, the bottle holder is 4 In the case of a rotor with more than one formed, the orientation of the bin mouth is lower than the horizontal direction in the bin holder located in front of the bin holder located on the bin exchange stage. Preferably the bottle holder portion) harvest stage as a direction inclined under an angle of more than 30 degrees from the horizontal direction.

At the harvesting stage, it is a mechanism portion for carrying out the first step of the method for harvesting mushrooms having the basic structure of the present invention, and the trunk of the mushrooms is either protruding from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings or hanging down. The mushrooms are cut into pieces, dropped downward, and harvested, so that the mushrooms are in a forested state only in the mouth of the bottle, and then the mushroom group that remains in a forested state in the mouth of the bottle is kept with the rotor stopped. , The cutting surface (the cutting surface where the cutting surfaces of all the trunks of all mushrooms are gathered) is cut so that it becomes spherical, and it falls down and is harvested. As a result, in the mouth of the bottle, All of the product mushrooms are harvested, and the part of the strain containing the stems, which has fallen off from it, remains on the culture substrate side and remains partially projected from the mouth of the bottle.

The end cutting stage is determined to be the bottle holder portion located further forward in the rotor rotation direction than the above harvesting stage, and the trunk portion which is still in the bottle mouth portion is cut off by rubbing the bottle mouth, and this occurs every year. To realize the state of preparing for the next generation of mushrooms for cultivation,
After finishing this process, the rotor rotates after a predetermined stop time, and then the prepared bottle exchange stage is reached.
At the stage of stopping, the treated bottles are replaced with pre-harvested bottles in which mushrooms are fully grown, and themselves are collectively returned to the cultivation room to wait for the next generation of mushrooms. In order to carry out the predetermined work in each of the above stages, the rotor should have an appropriate timing within the range of 3 to 10 seconds,
The rotation is preferably stopped for about 5 seconds, and then each bin holder is rotated and moved to the next stage for 1 to 5 seconds, preferably about 2 seconds. The structure of the mushroom harvesting machine, which is realized by incorporating the mushroom harvesting method of the present invention based on the above-mentioned structure, is shown below with additional essential components.

That is, at least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer circumference of the rotor formed so as to be intermittently rotatable, and the rotation of each bearing portion is such that the axis of each bearing faces the center of rotation of the rotor. The rotating shaft bevel gear is attached to the inner end of each of the rotating shafts, which is located at a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor. A bin holder that can be temporarily attached in the facing position is installed, and intermittent rotation of the rotor is always regulated so that one of the bin holders always stops at or near the uppermost position, and the same or the uppermost position. The bottle holder part stopped at the position is the bin exchange stage that supplies and takes out the bottles, and the bottle holder part that stops at the position forward of the rotor rotation direction and below the side of the rotor. However, among the mushrooms that grow like umbrellas from the mouth of the bottle, it is divided into mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings or are in a hanging shape, and mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle except them. The harvest stage, which is cut spherically and dropped into the harvest basket, and the bin holder part, which stops further in front of the rotor rotation direction, rubs the uncut mushroom trunk part in the mouth part of the bin roughly by rubbing the mouth of the bin. It is characterized in that it becomes an end cutting stage that is cut off from the part of, and the rotation shaft located in the harvest stage and the end cutting stage meshes its gear with the operating shaft bevel gear to rotate the bottle holder. It becomes a mushroom harvester.

Furthermore, in other words, at least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery of the rotor formed so as to be intermittently rotatable, and each bearing portion has a shaft core. The rotation shaft is attached so that it goes to the center of rotation of
For both of these rotary shafts, a rotary shaft bevel gear is attached to the inner end that is located at a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor, and the outer end of the rotary shaft has a bottle mouth facing outward. A bin holder that can be temporarily attached is attached, and intermittent rotation of the rotor is regulated so that one of the bin holders always stops at or near the uppermost position, so that the rotor is at the uppermost position or near it. In order to allow the bottle holder part that has stopped to feed and take out the bottle, the bin exchanging stage where the pinching claws of the bin holder expand all or part of it outward, and it is in front of the rotor rotation direction. The bottle holder part that stops below the side of the bottle is inside the mushrooms that have grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle, and protrudes or hangs down from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings. While separating the mushrooms and the group of mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle except for them, while rotating the bottle holder, the rotating shaft bevel gear meshes with the operating shaft bevel gear so that it can be cut into a spherical shape and dropped into the harvest basket. The harvesting stage in which the pair of rotary blades for harvesting cuts and drops the mushroom trunks separately, and the bin holder portion that stops further forward than the rotor rotation direction is the mushroom trunk that was left uncut in the previous harvesting stage. The rotary shaft bevel gear meshes with the operating shaft bevel gear to rotate the bottle holder while the bottle holder is rotated, so that the bottle holder is rotated and the stock cutting part is cut with the rotary cutting blade for the stock cutting stage. The mushroom harvesting machine thus obtained can be used. Hereinafter, in order to help the understanding of the basic technical idea of the present invention, examples representing the present invention will be explained.

[0021]

Embodiment 1 A side view of FIG. 1 shows a side view including an operating state of an apparatus capable of realizing a mushroom harvesting method having a basic structure of the present invention. First, a state in which a pre-harvest bin P in which mushrooms are fully grown (not shown in the drawing) is rotated while being temporarily attached to the bin holder 1 in a downward state is realized. With respect to the bottle P in this state, the heads of the mushrooms that are protruding from the mouth of the bottle P or drooping around the inside of the pair of prepared rotary blades for harvesting 3 and 4 The rotary blade for harvesting (rotary blade shown on the left side in the figure) 3 which is rotatable by a predetermined angle is operated so that the rear side of the part can be approached to the mouth of the bottle P by scratching, and the blade tip is partially First, the first step is completed by cutting only the mushrooms that are protruding or dangling from the mouths of the bottles P so as to reach a slightly inner side of the mouths of the bottles P and drop and harvest them. .

The rotary blade 3 for harvesting, which has completed the first step,
After separating from the mouth of the bottle P and returning to the original state, it continues to rotate at the same position, and it has already protruded from the mouth of the bottle P to the surroundings in the previous process or has become a hanging mushroom. The second rotary blade 4 for harvesting is actuated on the downwardly facing bin P, which is a group of mushrooms that are harvested and are grouped only into mushrooms that fit into the mouth of the bin P.
Move to the process.

In the operation of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting in the second step, the surface of the rotary blade 4 which is rotated covers the mouth of the bottle P as shown by the arrow in the figure (in the figure). Then
Since the mouth of the bin P faces downward, the mouth of the bin P is covered from below) The arc-shaped locus L is in a state in which it is always in contact with the arc-shaped locus L and can be largely swung. The cutting edge is
By realizing the movement that is regulated so that the bottle P swings almost to the center of the mouth of the bottle P, in combination with the movement of the bottle P that is already rotating, all the mushrooms are in the mouth of the bottle P. After cutting, dropping and harvesting, the outer shape of the whole cutting surface of the stem portion remaining on the culture substrate side is a substantially spherical shape (third curved surface shape) with the center raised, which is unnecessary from the bottle P mouth. The cutting and harvesting steps of the second step are completed with the stock portion including the trunk remaining in a raised shape.

In the first step, adjusting the position of the rotary blade 3 for harvesting, which corresponds to the trunk of the mushroom that sticks out or hangs from the mouth of the bottle P, and in the second step, the inside of the mouth of the bottle P Slice the trunk of the group of mushrooms that fits into the forest to a spherical shape. (Of course, also in this process, adjust the position of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting that hits the trunk of the mushroom, and from the bottle P mouth that the rotary blade 4 follows. The height of the arcuate locus of is determined) and
The length of the trunks of all harvested mushrooms can be prevented from causing large variations. In the following, the above mechanism that enables the method for harvesting mushrooms consisting of the basic configuration of the present invention is incorporated, and a mechanism for performing the subsequent end cutting process is also combined to mechanically harvest mushrooms from the bottle before harvesting. A specific example of the mushroom harvester that is composed of a series of mechanisms will be described.

[0025]

[Embodiment 2] As can be understood from the block diagram of the entire apparatus shown in FIG. 2 centering on the positional relationship of each stage, the mushroom harvester representative of the present invention has a rotor 2 with a central angle around the rotor 2. Four fixed blocks 22 and 2 at intervals of 90 degrees
In this example, four bottle holders having the same structure are incorporated in the fixed blocks 22, 22, .. The four bottle holders 1, 1, ... Are such that any one of them is always positioned directly above the rotor 2 (in the vertical plane passing through the central axis 21) when the intermittent rotation operation process of the rotor 2 is stopped. The intermittent rotation angle of the rotor 2 is regulated, and the bin holder 1 portion located at the same place is used as a bin exchange stage.

The bin holder 1 includes four (at least three) claw rods 11, 11, ... As shown in the perspective view of the main part when the bin holder 1 is located at the bin exchanging stage. 2 of them (at least 1) are L-shaped nail rods 11 ', 1
1 '(or 11') is formed and is pivotally attached to the underframe 12, and a process in which any one of the bottle holders 1 reaches this bin exchange stage, that is, as the rotor 2 rotates, an end cutting stage described later. As shown in the operation diagram of FIG. 4, in the process in which the portion of the bottle holder 1 existing in FIG. 1 moves and then stops, along the curved surface of the cam M9 fixed in the rotation track of the rotor 2, as shown in the operation diagram of FIG. As a result of the lower end of the push-up pin 13 loosely fitted in the rotary shaft 15 moving, its head abuts against the lower end of the horizontal portion of the pawl rods 11 ', 11' (or 11 ') and pushes it up, Same nail rod 11 ', 11
′ (Or 11 ′) is formed into a mechanism that spreads each tip of the pivotally-attached portion 11 a to the outside to make it easier to take out the processed bottle P and to easily insert the pre-harvest bottle P to be replenished thereafter. Has been done.

Immediately after the rotor 2 starts to rotate intermittently after stopping at the bin exchanging stage, the push-up pin 13 loosely fitted in the shaft core of the rotary shaft 15.
Lower end of the cam M9 is disengaged from the uppermost part of the cam M9 and descends to restore the nail rods 11 ', 11' (or 11 ') to a normal state, and the newly refilled pre-harvest bottle is temporarily attached. Will fulfill the function of hugging. This nail rod 11 ', 1
The annular spring 14 wound around the notch 11b near the upper ends of the claw rods 11, 11, ... Assists the returning operation of 1 '(or 11') and the bottle holding function. . However, in order to perform the same function, it is free to incorporate a known restoring mechanism such as a coil spring or a leaf spring in an appropriate place in place of the annular spring 14 in place of the annular spring 14.

Although not shown in the figure, in this bin exchange stage, if there is no replenishment of the bin P before harvesting, the rotor 2 is set even when a certain timing has passed in advance.
It is desirable to incorporate a bin detection device such as an optical sensor to detect the state so that intermittent rotation does not start, and to control the circuit that operates the rotor 2 by a signal from the bin detection device. The part of the bin holder 1 in the exchange stage is not connected to its own rotary operation system, and is left in a free state and its posture is not fixed. As a result, any one of the plurality of pawls 11, 11 ,. Since there is a possibility that it may be detected instead of P and malfunction may occur,
A posture control mechanism that allows the pawls 11, 11, ... To stop in a posture that does not hinder the detection function of the bottle detection device,
For example, it is necessary to combine a mechanism such as a brake plate which is lightly brought into contact with the outside of the underframe 12 or the claw rods 11, 11, ...

From the position of the bin holder 1 (the part indicated by the chain double-dashed line) located on the bin exchanging stage, at a position advanced by 90 degrees at the central angle in the rotation direction of the rotor 2, that is, at the horizontal position (the horizontal position on the right side in FIG. 1). The bottle holder 1 part has no relation to the working process of the mushroom harvesting method of the present invention, and serves as a play stage as shown in the perspective view of the main part of FIG. From the rotary operation system of the holder 1, as in the previous bottle exchange stage, the position is completely free. However, once the stop timing is released, the rotor 2 starts intermittent rotation, and when the bin holder 1 portion of the idle stage advances about 45 degrees in the rotation direction,
As shown in the schematic plan view of FIG.
2 is brought into contact with a preliminary rotation roller 6 made of an elastic material such as urethane to be preliminarily rotated, so that the bottle holder 1 can be smoothly connected to the rotary operation system in the harvest stage which is the next stage. It is responsible for the stage function.

The portion of the bottle holder 1 which is to be located immediately below the bin exchange stage (the position where the rotor 2 is rotated by 90 degrees from the idle stage in the direction of rotation) is the harvest stage. Becomes Bottle holder 1 that has reached this stage during the stop timing
Is a rotary shaft 15 which is directly connected to the same underframe 12 as a structure common to all the bin holders 1, 1, ....
However, as shown in FIG. 2, the bevel gear 15a formed at the lower end (that is, the end opposite to the side connected to the underframe 12) is
The bevel gear M1 on the rotary operating system side is meshed with the bottle holder 1, and the bin holder 1 is rotated so that the mushroom before harvesting is rotated together with the bin P. In addition, the bearing of the rotary shaft 15 is constituted by the fixed blocks 22, 22 ,.
Is formed in a horizontal bearing arm 23, 23, ... which is provided to project in a direction orthogonal to the plane of (i.e., in the direction parallel to the central axis), and the push-up pin 13 is loosely fitted to the axis of the bearing arm. There is.

On this stage, as shown in FIG. 2, a pair of rotary blades 3 and 4 for harvesting are prepared with the rotary orbit of the rotor 2 being sandwiched therebetween. First, immediately after the harvest stage is reached from the play stage and the bottle holder 1 starts to rotate, the rotary rotary blade 3 for harvesting is arranged so that the operating axis M3 is the same as shown in the perspective view of the main part of FIG. By rotating the driving force transmitted to the sprocket M31 and transmitting the rotational force from the operating shaft bevel gear M32 to the bevel gear M41 on the cam shaft M4 side, the cam follower 32 is caused to follow its orbit by the rotation of the cam M42. The supporting plate 31 is rotated by a predetermined angle with the pivot portion 33 as a fulcrum, the harvesting rotary blade 3 is moved into the rotation track of the rotor 2, and as shown in the operation diagram of FIG. The blade edge is rotated to a position slightly inward from the mouth edge of the bottle P (indicated by a chain double-dashed line), and the mushroom protruding or hanging from the mouth edge of the bottle P is cut and dropped to drop the basket B1. Harvested in , Immediately realizes the operation to ensure that would then return to its original state. In the figure, 34 indicates a tension spring that regulates the posture of the support plate 31.

In succession, the other side of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting is provided with the cam shaft M as shown in the perspective view of the main part of FIG.
By rotating the cam M43 formed in 4, the cam follower M52 of the cam arm M5 whose pivot point is the pivotal fulcrum is moved along its trajectory, and the cam arm M5 is largely rotated, so that from the tip of the cam arm M5. Extending rod M
6 is a swing rod 4 connected to a support plate 41 of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting.
2 is swung about the same pivotal portion 45 as the swing center,
The rotary blade for harvesting 4 attached to the support plate 41 is placed in the rotary orbit of the rotor 2 in a symmetrical movement with respect to the rotary blade for harvesting 3 described above, and as shown in the operation diagram of FIG. An arcuate locus L that covers the mouth (because the bottle P is temporarily attached downwards, in other words, covers the mouth from below).
When the blade edge moves in a curved manner until it reaches the approximate center of the bin P, the cam follower M52 returns to its original position on the track of the cam M43, and the swing rod 42 is also restored to its original state.

Since a series of movements of the rotary blade 4 for harvesting is carried out in parallel with the state where the bottle P is temporarily attached and rotated by the bottle holder 1, the cutting realized on the mouth of the bottle P is performed. The surface becomes spherical (three-dimensional curved surface), and as a result, the group of mushrooms that is organized and forested so as to fit within the mouth of the bottle P has its entire trunk cut along the spherical surface, and each mushroom is The basket B1 is harvested without causing the length to vary. In addition, the cut surface obtained by collecting all the trunks that are cut and left on the bin P side exhibits a spherical cut surface with a raised center as a whole. The continuous movement of the pair of rotary blades 3 and 4 for harvesting in this harvesting stage is
This can be achieved in good timing by combining the orbits of the cam M42 for operating the harvesting rotary blade 3 formed on the cam shaft M4 and the cam M43 for operating the harvesting rotary blade 3.

The edge-cutting stage is a portion which is 90 degrees ahead of the harvest stage in the rotation direction of the rotor 2 at the center angle (when viewed from the bin exchanging stage, the front side of the rotation direction of the rotor 2 is 90 degrees at the center angle). It becomes the bottle holder 1 part which will be located at a point). FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a main part showing an operation system of the bottle holder 1 portion in the end cutting stage. As can be understood from the figure, the cam shaft M4 forming the cams M42 and M43 of the rotary blades 3 and 4 for harvesting in the previous harvesting stage is common, and a cam M44 is formed at the end of the cam shaft M4. M4
Rotating blade 5 for end cutting on rod M7 jointed to 4
The working rod 53 of the support plate 51 attached to the cam M4 is connected.
By the rotation of 4, the support plate 51 realizes the rotation around the pivotally-attached portion 52, and the rotation causes the end cutting rotary blade 5 to move so that the rotor 2 rotates within the rotation trajectory. After the blade edge has reached the approximate center of the rotating bottle P that is temporarily attached to the bottle holder 1, it is restored to its original state, and in the process, from the mouth of the bottle P. The unnecessary part of the spherical part remaining in the spherical shape with the center raised is cut off and housed in the basket B2, and the stock cutting process necessary for the subsequent generation of the next mushroom in the bottle is completed.

The cutting process by the rotary blade 5 for edge cutting is as follows.
As shown in the side view of FIG. 10, for the purpose of allowing the blade edge to be smoothly carried out in the vicinity of the rubbing of the peripheral edge of the rotating bottle P, as shown in the side view of FIG. It is desirable that the attachment structure of the rotary blade 5 for end cutting be regulated in advance so that the rotary blade 5 is inclined about 5 degrees toward the center of the bottle P. 54 in the figure
Indicates a tension spring, and has a function of escaping the resistance when the edge cutting rotary blade 5 rotates and approaches the bin P and the blade tip comes into contact with the bin P for some reason and receives resistance. To fulfill.

[0036]

[Effects] The mushroom harvesting method of the present invention having the above-described configuration is a growth condition peculiar to bottle cultivation, and grows in the form of an umbrella that hangs out or hangs from the mouth of the bottle, Moreover, it is possible to harvest a group of mushrooms before harvest, in which the length of the trunk of the mushroom tends to be longer in the center of the mouth, as much as possible without causing variations in the length of the trunk, It is a very convenient harvesting method for harvesting all mushrooms without waste, especially mechanically, and because of this characteristic harvesting method, it remains on the spherical cut surface that bulges the center from the mouth of the bottle. Unnecessary strains can also be treated in this harvesting method, and an extremely efficient work process can be realized for the year-round cultivation of mushrooms. is there.

In the mushroom harvester of the present invention which mechanically realizes the characteristic harvesting method as described above, each stage is provided on the outer periphery of the rotor by a predetermined arrangement, and a bin after harvesting and a bin before harvesting are provided in the bin exchanging stage. As long as it is put in and taken out, the bins move to each stage one after another by the controlled intermittent rotation operation of the rotor, so that the steps of the harvesting method of the present invention can be surely carried out, and the length of the stem does not cause much variation. The mushrooms are harvested from the bottles without any waste, and the strains are removed until it does not interfere with the next generation of mushrooms. It has the advantage that it can be done.

In addition, in the mushroom harvester of the present invention, each bin holder incorporated in the rotor has a rotating shaft with a bevel gear, and the bevel gear is operated only by a stage in which it is necessary to impart rotation to the bin holder. Since the bottles are rotated by connecting to the bevel gears and the processing steps for each stage can be performed, the cutting process at those stages has the maximum effect by minimizing the walk of the rotary blade. In addition to making it possible to cut mushrooms that are specially grown and also spherical cutting that is extremely convenient for cutting, it is possible to ensure the harvest of mushrooms with little variation, and the mechanism for that is also simple. It has a simple structure, is easy to manufacture, can be provided at a relatively low cost, and is safe, easy to handle, and has few failures. Say comes to have Xiu features.

In particular, in the embodiment shown, the rotor 2
In this example, four bin holders 1, 1, ... Are equidistantly arranged in a well-balanced cruciform arrangement, and when replenishing at the bin exchange stage, the bottle P before harvesting must always have its bottom at the bottom. It is carried out in a state of being mounted on the underframe 12 of the holder 1, and there is no risk of interfering with the relationship with the rotary blades 3 and 4 in the subsequent stage, particularly in the harvesting stage, and a safe and trouble-free harvesting process is performed. It realizes a configuration that is convenient for the arrangement of the pre-rotating roller 6 that enables the implementation and adds an originally optional play stage, and then provides the pre-rotation when transferring to the harvest stage, and further, the harvest stage and the end cutting. A cam M42 in which the rotary blades 3, 4 and 5 with the stage receive the rotational force transmitted from one operating shaft M3 of the operating mechanism system by one cam shaft M4 and combine them in a shared form. M43 So as to go in and out the trajectory of the rotor 2 by cutting the trunk or strains portion of mushrooms in M44,
In addition, the present invention enables the characteristic spherical cutting of the present invention, and is further characterized by the effect peculiar to the present invention that the overall structure is simple and can be manufactured at low cost.

In the embodiment, only a typical constitution of the present invention is shown, and other specific examples included in the technical idea of the present invention, for example, the bottle holder 1 having a minimum number of 3 are shown.
Or a case of 5 or more, or
An example of arranging the stages in an X shape, a fall Y shape, etc. instead of a cross shape, and further, the bin P of the rotary blades 3, 4 and 5 in the harvest stage and the end cutting stage
Although specific examples of adjusting the proximity degree to 1 are not shown, they can be easily realized in various configurations by appropriately applying known techniques based on the specific examples shown in the drawings. The illustration is omitted. As described above, the present invention has succeeded in realizing an extremely efficient harvesting machine by using a harvesting method which is extremely suitable for harvesting mushrooms by mushroom cultivation, in particular bottle cultivation, and using it. It is expected that it will greatly contribute to the mushroom growers who struggle day and night in terms of increasing efficiency.

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings are based on a representative embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram including an operating state of a mechanism capable of realizing a mushroom harvesting method having a basic configuration of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram showing an arrangement relationship of main parts of the mushroom harvester.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an essential part of a bottle holder portion located on the bottle exchange stage.

FIG. 4 is an operation diagram of a push-up pin.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an essential part showing a bottle P of a bottle holder portion located on a play stage, omitted.

FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram showing an arrangement relationship of preliminary rotation rollers.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an essential part showing an operating mechanism system of one harvesting rotary blade in a harvesting stage.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an essential part showing the operation mechanism system of the other harvesting rotary blade in the harvesting stage.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of relevant parts showing an operating mechanism system of the rotary blade for edge cutting in the edge cutting stage.

FIG. 10 is a configuration diagram showing a relationship with a bottle in a cutting process of a rotary blade for edge cutting.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 bottle holder 11 same claw rod 11 'same L-shaped claw rod 12 same underframe 13 same push up pin 14 same tension spring 15 same rotation shaft 2 rotor 21 same center shaft 22 same fixed block 23 coaxial receiving arm 3 harvesting rotary blade 31 The support plate 32 The cam follower 33 The pivot part 34 The tension spring 35 The drive motor 4 The rotary blade for harvesting 41 The support plate 42 The swing rod 43 The drive motor 44 The tension spring 45 The pivot part 5 The end cut Rotary blade 51 same support plate 52 same pivot portion 53 same action rod 54 same tension spring 55 same drive motor 6 preliminary rotation roller M1 bevel gear M2 for operation mechanism side for harvesting stage bevel gear M3 operation shaft for end cutting stage M31 Same sprocket M32 Same operating shaft Bevel gear M4 Cam shaft M41 Same Arm shaft bevel gear M42 same cam M43 said cam M44 same cam M5 cam arm M51 the pivot portion M52 the cam follower M6 rod M9 push up the cam P bottle P1 same mouth surface L arcuate path

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A harvesting blade is brought close to the mouth of the same bin while tilting the bin with mushrooms further from the position lying right down and rotating the mouth downward or with the mouth adjusted downward. , Trunks of mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle or hang down around the bottle are cut and dropped, so that the mushrooms become forested only in the mouth of the bottle.
While rotating the process and the bottle in which the mushroom around the bottle mouth has been cut, move the other harvesting rotary blades in an arcuate path passing through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and approximately in the bottle mouth. It was cultivated in bottles from the second step, in which the trunks of the group of mushrooms arranged only for forested mushrooms were cut and dropped, and the entire stem of the uncut mushrooms remained in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle. A method for harvesting mushrooms by bottle cultivation so that the mushrooms are harvested. 2. A harvesting blade is placed close to the mouth of the bin while further tilting the bin with mushrooms from the position lying right down and rotating the bin downward or with the mouth adjusted downward. , Trunks of mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle or hang down around the bottle are cut and dropped, so that the mushrooms become forested only in the mouth of the bottle.
While rotating the process and the bottle in which the mushroom around the bottle mouth has been cut, move the other harvesting rotary blades in an arcuate path passing through the center of the bottle above the mouth of the bottle, and approximately in the bottle mouth. Cut the trunk of the group of mushrooms arranged only for forested mushrooms, drop it, and leave the uncut mushroom trunk in a substantially spherical shape at the mouth of the bottle, and in the mouth of the bottle The stock portion containing the unnecessary stem remaining in a substantially spherical shape was cut into rubbing on the rim of the mouth of the bottle, and the bottle-grown mushroom was harvested from the third step of preparing for the occurrence of the next-stage mushroom. How to harvest mushrooms by bottle cultivation. 3. At least three bin holders that can be temporarily attached to the outer periphery of the rotor formed to be capable of intermittent rotation are installed so that the bin mouth faces outward, and the intermittent rotation of the rotor is always maintained. It is assumed that one of the bottle holders is always stopped at the highest position or a position near it, and the bottle holder part stopped at the same highest position or a position near it should be replaced with a bottle of a group of mushrooms before cutting. The bin exchange stage, and the bottle holder part that stops in front of the rotor rotation direction and below the horizontal position, eats inside the mushrooms that have grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle. Separate the mushrooms that are put out or drooping and the group of mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth excluding them.
In addition, the harvest stage that cuts into a spherical shape and drops it into the harvest basket, and the bottle holder part that stops further forward than that in the rotor rotation direction, removes the stock part that remains spherically cut in the mouth part of the bottle from the mouth of the bottle. A mushroom harvester characterized by an end cutting stage that cuts off from the rubbing area. 4. At least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery of a rotor formed to be capable of intermittent rotation, and each bearing portion has its axis directed toward the center of rotation of the rotor. A shaft is attached to each of the rotary shafts,
A rotating shaft gear is attached to the inner end that is located a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor, and a bin holder that allows temporary attachment with the bottle mouth facing outward is attached to the outside of the rotating shaft. The intermittent rotation of the rotor is regulated so that one of the bottle holders always stops at the highest position or a position close to it, and the bottle holder part that stops at the same top position or a position near it supplies the bottle. The bin exchange stage for taking out the bottle, the bottle holder part that stops at the position forward of the rotor rotation direction and below the side of the rotor, is inside the mushroom that has grown like an umbrella from the mouth of the bottle. A harvest stage in which the mushrooms that stick out or hang down are separated from the group of mushrooms that stand in the bottle mouth except for them, and are cut into spherical shapes and dropped into the harvest basket. The bin holder part that stops at the front of the rotation direction of the rotor becomes an end cutting stage that cuts off the part of the mushroom that remains uncut in the mouth part of the bottle from the part where the mouth of the bottle is rubbing and rubbing. A mushroom harvester characterized in that a rotary shaft positioned on an end cutting stage meshes its gear with a transmission shaft gear to rotate a bottle holder. 5. At least three bearing portions are arranged at equal intervals on the outer periphery of a rotor formed to be capable of intermittent rotation, and each bearing portion has its axis facing the center of rotation of the rotor. The rotary shaft is pivotally attached, and both rotary shafts are
A rotating shaft gear is attached to the inner end that is located a certain distance from the center of rotation of the rotor, and a bin holder that allows temporary attachment to the outer end of the rotating shaft with the bottle mouth facing outward. Is installed, the intermittent rotation of the rotor is always regulated so that one of the bin holders always stops at the topmost position or a position close to it, so that the bin holder part stopped at the topmost position or a position close to it is
A bin exchange stage in which the pinching claws of the bin holder expand all or part of it outward so that bins can be supplied and taken out. The bottle holder part to stop is
Among the mushrooms that grow like umbrellas from the mouth of the bottle, separate into the mushrooms that protrude from the mouth of the bottle to the surroundings or hang down, and the mushrooms that stand in the mouth of the bottle excluding them and are spherical The rotating shaft bevel gear meshes with the operating shaft bevel gear to rotate the bottle holder so that it can be cut into pieces and dropped into the harvest basket. The harvesting stage to be allowed to move, and the bottle holder that stops in front of the rotor in the direction of rotation, cut off the mushroom trunk that has been left uncut in the previous harvesting stage, so that it will be cut off from the area of the bottle that is rubbing the mouth. A mushroom harvester in which a bevel gear meshes with an operating shaft bevel gear to form an end cutting stage in which a rotary cutting blade cuts a stock part while rotating a bottle holder.