JPH08333760A - Heat insulating structure of basement - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To enable it to secure a sufficient heat insulating performance as well as to make the number of heat insulating materials reducible. CONSTITUTION: An insulating material 25, whose thickness in a part distant from a ground surface 1 is formed to be thinner than that nearby from the ground surface 1, is set up at the outdoor side of a rising part 22 constituting a wall surface of a basement. At a spot nearby the ground surface where the effect of ground temperature variations is large enough, a sufficient heat insulating performance is secured, and adiabatic thickness at depth of the underground, where the effect is smaller, is set to be smallish, thereby promoting a reduction in materials.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat insulating structure for a basement, and can be applied to all buildings with a basement constructed by a prefabricated construction method or a conventional construction method.

[0002]

[Background Art] For small-scale buildings such as houses, buildings with basements are drawing attention from the viewpoints of realizing new housing systems, securing comfortable housing that overcomes natural conditions, and realizing an efficient living system. Due to deregulation, the introduction of basements is being promoted in private residences. The excellent features of the basement are that the temperature in the ground is less likely to change due to time and season than it is on the ground, and that the thermal efficiency of air conditioning is good due to the heat insulation of the soil.

On the other hand, as described above, the temperature fluctuation in the underground is smaller than that in the ground, but it is unavoidable that a temperature difference occurs inside and outside the basement. In addition, since it is difficult to provide openings in the basement room, it is difficult to discharge water vapor by ventilation, so the humidity tends to rise, and due to the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the basement due to cooling and heating, and the decrease in wall temperature due to the ground or groundwater. Condensation is likely to occur.

On the other hand, a heat insulating material is installed on the outer wall portion of the basement as in the above-ground building. As such a heat insulating material, one having the same thickness as that of the above-ground portion is arranged, or even a wooden house or the like is installed in accordance with the standard of reinforced concrete construction (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 57-19733).
No. 0, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-47111, etc.).

[0005]

However, even in a small building such as the above-mentioned house, since the ground portion and other standards are diverted for the heat insulation of the basement, the required degree of heat insulation performance is There was a problem that it was not reflected in the material, and there was a portion where the heat insulating material was excessively applied, resulting in wasteful cost.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a heat insulating structure for a basement which can obtain sufficient heat insulating performance and can reduce the amount of heat insulating material.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the portion of the underground wall close to the surface of the earth is susceptible to the influence of the external weather on the ground, so sufficient heat insulation is required, but the portion far from the surface of the earth is exposed to the temperature due to the external weather. Based on the finding that the heat insulation performance is not required as much as it is near the surface of the earth because it does not change so much, the above object is to be achieved by changing the thickness of the heat insulating material according to the distance from the earth surface.

Specifically, a heat insulating layer is provided on the wall surface of the basement facing the outdoors, and the thickness of the portion of the heat insulating layer below the surface of the earth is far smaller than the portion near the surface of the earth. It is characterized by

It is desirable that the heat insulating layer has a thickness that gradually decreases from a portion close to the ground surface to a portion far from the ground surface in a portion below the ground surface. Further, it is preferable that the heat insulating layer is provided along the outside of the wall surface.

Further, it is desirable that the heat insulating layer is formed of a foamed plastic heat insulating material. The heat insulating layer is composed of a wedge-shaped heat insulating material having a substantially wedge-shaped cross section formed by dividing a long heat insulating material having a substantially rectangular cross-section into two,
It is desirable that the dividing surface be inclined with respect to the four side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the long heat insulating material, and the wedge-shaped heat insulating material is such that each of the two divided longitudinal cross sections is symmetrical. Good

[0011]

In the present invention as described above, the thickness of the portion of the heat insulating layer below the surface of the earth is far smaller than that of the portion close to the surface of the heat insulating layer. In addition, sufficient heat insulation performance can be obtained, and unnecessary thickness can be omitted in the part far from the surface of the earth, and the amount of heat insulating material can be reduced, resulting in material reduction and cost reduction. To be done.

Further, in the present invention, by providing the heat insulating layer along the outside of the wall surface of the basement facing the outdoors, the heat insulating layer can be fixed by backfilling, and the mounting work can be performed quickly and easily. . In particular, conventionally, when arranging a heat insulating material on the indoor side of the wall surface of the basement, when a gap is created between the wall and the concrete wall, water vapor wraps around and causes dew condensation. Since they had to be in close contact with each other, the mounting work was complicated and took a lot of time and effort. However, this problem can be solved by performing the outer backfilling fixing as in the present invention.

Further, by forming the heat insulating layer with a foamed plastic heat insulating material, the molding process is easier than that of the fiber type heat insulating material, and good workability can be obtained to improve the construction efficiency. Can be planned. Then, based on the required heat insulation performance, by forming the thickness of the heat insulation layer in a stepwise or continuous manner from the portion close to the surface of the earth to the portion far from the surface of the earth, It will be possible to reliably deal with it and to omit excessive heat insulating material.

Further, a long heat insulating material having a substantially rectangular cross section is divided into two parts, and the divided surfaces are inclined with respect to the four side surfaces in the longitudinal direction of the long heat insulating material and the wedge shape is a cross section. By forming the heat insulating material, it becomes possible to obtain two heat insulating materials having a desired shape with a changed thickness from the long heat insulating material by cutting once.

Therefore, it is possible to eliminate the waste of the material by cutting and to eliminate the waste of the material, and since it is not necessary to form the heat insulating material for each material, it is possible to easily manufacture the heat insulating material and the manufacturing efficiency is improved. To be raised. Also, the change in the thickness of the heat insulating material can be adjusted as necessary by changing the angle of the dividing surface.

Further, by dividing the wedge-shaped heat insulating material divided into two parts so that each wedge-shaped heat insulating material is symmetrical, two symmetrical wedge-shaped heat insulating materials can be obtained from one long heat insulating material. As a result, a heat insulating material having a desired shape can be manufactured more efficiently.

[0017]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, a residential building 10 is a building frame 10.
It consists of A and deep foundation 20. The building frame 10A is a two-story wooden panel type prefabricated house constructed on a deep foundation 20 projecting above the ground and constituted by wall panels 11, floor panels 12, roof panels 13, and the like.

The floor panel 12 is constructed by attaching a face material 122 to the upper surface of the frame made of the core material 121, and the glass wool 12 on the lower surface side (inside the frame) of the face material 122.
3 is attached. Like the floor panel 12, the wall panel 11 also includes a face material 112, a core material 111, and glass wool 113. However, a waterproof sheet or a siding material is attached to the surface material 112 on the outdoor side, and the surface material 112 on the indoor side is
Gypsum board and interior materials are attached to.

On the upper surface of the deep foundation 20, a semi-base 31 having the same height as the floor panel 12 is installed along the outer periphery, and the floor panels 12 are arranged with their side edges supported.
The wall panel 11 is supported on the side edges of the half base 31 and the floor panel 12 along the half base 31, and the space surrounded by the floor panel 12 and the wall panel 11 includes the first floor living space 14 and A second-floor room space 15 is formed. Further, a drainer 32 is provided along the surface of the semi-base 31 on the outdoor side, and a roof panel 13 is arranged on the roof part on the upper part of the second floor.

The deep foundation 20 is a solid foundation 21 and a solid foundation 2.
1 and a rising portion 22 that extends vertically from above and supports the building frame 10A, and a space 23 for a basement is formed inside thereof. A ceiling panel 24 is arranged above the basement space 23, and a portion surrounded by the deep foundation 20 and the ceiling panel 24 is used as a basement room. Along the outer periphery of the rising portion 22, the heat insulating material 25 is provided in the portion from the surface of the ground to the lower portion of the rising portion 22.
Are installed without gaps.

The heat insulating material 25 is a foamed plastic heat insulating material, and is an elongated material having a substantially wedge-shaped cross section and a prismatic shape provided with a slope 251. When the heat insulating material 25 is fixed to the outer periphery of the rising portion 22, a base end surface 254 facing the slope 251 is oriented horizontally near the ground surface, and a rectangle adjacent to the slope 251 via the tip edge 252. The connection surface 253 of is placed so as to be in close contact with the rising portion 22. Further, the adjacent heat insulating materials 25 are installed so that their end surfaces are in contact with each other.

By arranging the heat insulating material 25 in this way,
Since the angle θ formed by the inclined surface 251 and the connection surface 253 is an acute angle, a heat insulating layer is formed in which the thickness gradually decreases from a portion near the ground surface to a portion far from the ground surface.

At this time, the maximum thickness (W) of the heat insulating material 25
And a vertical length (H1) of the side surface 255 of the heat insulating material 25 facing the connection surface 253, a vertical length (H2) of the slope 253, and an inclination θ between the slope 251 and the connection surface 253.
Is appropriately determined by a test or the like according to the heat insulating performance of the heat insulating material 25, the property of the ground where the basement is installed, the form of the basement, and the like. With such a heat insulating material 25,
A heat insulating structure 26 of the space 23 for the basement is configured.

By the way, the heat insulating material 25 is manufactured as follows. First, a long heat insulating material 40 having a substantially rectangular cross section as shown in FIG. 3A is used, and is cut into two equal parts along a longitudinal direction and at a dividing surface 410 oblique to the four side surfaces. At this time, on the end surface of the long heat insulating material 40, two substantially quadrangular wedge-shaped squares are formed by the dividing line 411 that diagonally connects the opposite long sides, and the end surface of the heat insulating material 25 shown in FIG. Become.
Here, the dividing surface 410 forms a slope 251 of the heat insulating material 25, and the heat insulating material 25 is a long prismatic material having a substantially wedge-shaped cross section.

Further, the heat insulating structure 26 of this embodiment is shown in FIG.
It is formed by the steps shown in (A), (B), and (C). First, as shown in FIG. 4 (A), a vertical hole 2 for a basement is excavated in the site of a construction site, and after laying stones on the bottom of the hole and pouring abandoned concrete, a solid foundation 2 is poured by concrete pouring.
1 is formed. Next, on the upper surface of the solid foundation 21, the ground surface 1
The rising part 22 having a height reaching up to is formed by cast-in-place concrete along the solid foundation 21.

Then, as shown in FIG. 4B, of the space sandwiched between the deep foundation 20 and the excavation surface of the basement vertical hole 2, the portion from the solid foundation 21 to the vicinity of the lower portion of the rising portion 22 is backfilled. The return part 3A is formed. further,
The heat insulating material 25 is arranged along the outer periphery of the rising portion 22 from the upper surface of the backfilling portion 3A to the vicinity of the ground surface 1.

Next, in FIG. 2C, the heat-insulating material 25 of the rising portion 22 is formed by backfilling from the upper surface of the backfilling portion 3A to the ground surface 1 and sufficiently compacting to form the backfilling portion 3B. Secure to the outer circumference. With these, residential building 1
A heat insulating structure 26 is formed on the 0 deep foundation 20.

According to this embodiment, the heat insulating material 25 is used.
Is a long member having a substantially wedge-shaped cross section, the connecting surface 253 is closely contacted with the rising portion 22 and the base end surface 254 is arranged horizontally near the ground surface 1, thereby making The thickness of the portion far from is smaller than that of the portion near the ground surface 1. Therefore, since a heat insulating layer having a required thickness is formed according to the distance from the ground surface, the amount of heat insulating material can be reduced, so that the material can be reduced and sufficient heat insulating performance can be obtained.

Further, by fixing the heat insulating material 25 to the outer periphery of the rising portion 22 by the backfilling portion 3B, it is possible to omit the complicated adhesion work which would occur when the heat insulating material is installed on the indoor side of the rising portion 22, and it is quick and easy. Can be attached to the. Further, since the heat insulating material 25 is formed of a foamed plastic heat insulating material, the heat insulating material 25 can be formed more easily than the fiber type heat insulating material, and good workability can be obtained, so that construction efficiency can be improved.

On the other hand, a prismatic heat insulating material 2 having a substantially wedge-shaped cross section
Reference numeral 5 designates a long insulating material 40 having a substantially rectangular cross section as one divided surface 41.
It is formed by cutting into two halves by 0. For this reason, it is possible to eliminate waste of material by cutting and waste of material, and to obtain two heat insulating materials 25 of the same shape whose thickness is changed by the slope 251 by one cutting, and it is necessary to form them individually. Therefore, it can be easily and efficiently manufactured.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but includes other configurations and the like that can achieve the object of the present invention, and the following modifications and the like are also included in the present invention. That is, in the above embodiment, the long heat insulating material 4 having a substantially rectangular cross section is used.
Although 0 is divided into two equal parts to form two heat insulating materials 25 having exactly the same shape, they may be divided so that heat insulating materials having symmetrical shapes or heat insulating materials having different shapes are formed.

For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a dividing line 421
Are provided symmetrically with respect to the center 422 of the long heat insulating material 40 in both cross sections, the slopes are inclined in two directions and the sides facing the center 422 have the same length.
0 may be formed and this may be used to form a heat insulating structure.

Further, the divided heat insulating materials may not be symmetrical with each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 6 (A), in the cross section of the long heat insulating material 40, a dividing line 4 that connects the midpoint of one edge forming the thickness and an arbitrary point on the side adjacent to it.
The two heat insulating materials 431 and 432 divided by 33 are shown in FIG.
As shown in (B), the divided surfaces 434 may be joined to each other so as to be continuous in the vertical direction to form one heat insulating material 435, which may be used for a heat insulating structure.

Further, the long heat insulating material 40 may be cut out to form one heat insulating material having a required shape. The part cut off at this time may be used as described above or may be used as a waste material. Further, block-shaped heat insulating materials may be combined to form a desired shape, or may be individually molded by a conventional molding method as in the conventional case.

In the above-described embodiment, the heat insulating material 25 is a long material having a substantially wedge-shaped cross section, but the tip may be a surface such as a trapezoidal cross section, and an inverted L-shape or a substantially triangular shape. It may be a long member having a cross section. Further, a slope corresponding to the slope 251 may be formed by a plurality of steps,
It is not limited to a flat surface, and may be a surface having corrugations or irregularities. In short, the shape may be such that the thickness of the portion far from the ground surface is smaller than that of the portion near the ground surface when the heat insulating material is arranged.

In the above embodiment, the material of the heat insulating material 25 is foamed plastic, but other organic foamed material typified by foamed plastic or inorganic foamed material may be used, such as fiber wool such as glass wool. It may be a heat insulating material. Also,
It may have a structure in which bead-shaped microspheres are packed inside the mold, a multilayer structure in which film-like sheets are stacked, or a structure in which a large number of cells are formed by providing partitions in the mold. .

In short, any structure having a large number of air chambers and bubbles may be used. However, by using foamed plastic insulation, it can be easily molded by cutting,
Since the shape is constant, workability is good, and installation at a predetermined position can be performed quickly and easily, which is desirable.

In the above-described embodiment, the heat insulating material 25 is provided on the outer periphery of the rising portion 22 of the deep foundation 20, but it may be installed inside the rising portion 22 or may be embedded in the rising portion 22. When embedding in the rising portion 22,
Heat insulating material 25 molded when forming the rising portion 22
May be embedded, or the upper surface of the rising portion 22 may be provided with a concave portion having a desired shape and the heat insulating material 25 may be embedded therein.

However, when arranging the heat insulating material 25 on the indoor side of the rising portion 22, it is necessary to adhere the heat insulating material 25 to the concrete wall or the interior material so that no gap is generated, which makes the installation work complicated. Becomes, rising part 22
In the case of embedding it in the substrate, the process of forming the rising portion 22 becomes complicated and the work becomes complicated. On the other hand, the outer backfill fixation is desirable because the installation work can be performed quickly and easily.

When the heat insulating material 25 was installed, it was adhered to the rising portion 22 by the outer backfilling fixation.
For example, it may be fixed by driving or the like, or may be adhered by an adhesive or the like. Alternatively, the heat insulating material 25 may be temporarily fixed by locking or adhering to the rising portion and then backfilled to be sufficiently fixed.

In the above-described embodiment, the portions of the heat insulating materials 25 adjacent to each other which are in contact with each other have a planar substantially wedge-shaped cross section.
An engaging structure or the like may be provided on the surface to be joined or its periphery, or may be adhered. For example, mutual end surfaces may be adhered by an adhesive agent or the like, or hooks or the like may be provided and locked. Further, the periphery of the end face (the side face in the longitudinal direction of the heat insulating material 25) may be joined with an adhesive tape or a fastener.

The heat insulating material 25 at the corners of the rising portion 22 may be housed, for example, so that one cross section faces the other connecting surface 253. As shown in FIG. You may use the corner member 61 formed by.

Further, the heat insulating material used in the heat insulating structure of the present invention is not limited to a pre-molded one, and, for example, mousse-like foamed plastic may be sprayed and fixed to the outer side surface of the rising portion 22 to a desired thickness. . In addition, a foamed plastic is poured into these to form a heat insulating layer by providing a concave portion of a required shape on the upper surface of the rising portion 22 or providing a gap of a required shape between the rising portion 22 and the backfilling portion. Alternatively, a heat insulating structure may be used.

Although the form of the basement of the above-mentioned embodiment is a completely underground type and a closed type, it may be a semi-underground type or an open air type. In the above embodiment, the basement space 23 is formed by the deep foundation 20 made of cast-in-place concrete, but a part of the rising portion 22 and the like may be made of precast concrete, or the entire deep foundation 20 may be made of precast concrete. . Further, the basement building unit may be arranged and the basement space 23 may be formed therein.

Although the above-mentioned embodiment has been applied to the case of a building with one basement floor and two floors above ground, the present invention can be applied to a building with two or more floors below ground, three floors above ground or one floor above ground. Further, although the above-mentioned building has a panel construction method using wooden panels in the above-mentioned embodiment, it may be another prefabricated construction method such as a unit construction method or a conventional construction method. Further, although the above-mentioned embodiment is the case of a detached house, the present invention can also be applied to an apartment house or a building for offices or shops.

[0046]

As described above, according to the present invention, by forming the thickness of the heat insulating layer of the basement distant from the ground surface to be smaller than that near the ground surface, heat insulation according to the distance from the ground surface is achieved. Since a heat insulating material having an appropriate thickness with performance is arranged, it is possible to obtain a sufficient heat insulating effect,
There is an effect that the amount of heat insulating material is small, the material can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

Further, by providing the heat insulating layer along the outside of the wall surface of the basement facing the outdoors, the heat insulating material can be installed by backfilling and fixing the outside, so that the installation work can be performed quickly and easily. Further, since the heat insulating layer is formed of a foamed plastic heat insulating material, there is an effect that the molding process is facilitated, good workability is obtained, and the work efficiency can be improved.

Then, the long heat insulating material having a substantially rectangular cross section is divided into two to form a prismatic wedge-shaped heat insulating material having a substantially wedge cross section, so that the thickness of the existing heat insulating material having a substantially rectangular cross section is changed. It is possible to obtain two heat insulating materials of the required shape by cutting once. Therefore, since the two heat insulating materials can be effectively used, it is possible to reduce the waste of the material, it is not necessary to form the heat insulating material for each material, and the heat insulating material can be easily manufactured, so that the manufacturing efficiency is improved. Further, by dividing each of the wedge-shaped heat insulating materials divided into two so as to have a symmetrical shape, two wedge-shaped heat insulating materials having two symmetrical shapes can be obtained from one long heat insulating material having the substantially rectangular cross section. As a result, the manufacturing efficiency can be further improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional schematic view showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a portion A of FIG.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view showing a heat insulating material used in the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing the installation of a heat insulating material in the above embodiment.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing a modified example of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing another modification of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged exploded perspective view showing still another modification of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 20 deep foundation 21 solid foundation 22 rising part 23 space for basement 25, 420, 435 heat insulating material 26 heat insulating structure 251 slope 252 tip edge 253 connecting surface 254 base end surface 40 long heat insulating material 410, 434 dividing surface 411, 421, 433 division Line 422 Central 61 Corner member

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A heat insulating layer is provided on a wall surface of the basement that faces the outside, and a portion of the heat insulating layer below the surface of the earth is formed to have a smaller thickness than a portion close to the surface of the earth. Insulation structure of the basement. 2. The heat insulating structure for a basement according to claim 1, wherein the heat insulating layer has a thickness that gradually decreases from a portion close to the ground surface to a portion far from the ground surface. Thermal insulation structure. 3. The heat insulating structure for a basement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heat insulating layer is provided along an outer surface of the wall surface. 4. The heat insulating structure for a basement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the heat insulating layer is formed of a foamed plastic heat insulating material. 5. The heat insulating structure for a basement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heat insulating layer is a long heat insulating material having a substantially rectangular cross section and four side surfaces in a longitudinal direction of the long heat insulating material. An insulating structure for a basement, which is composed of a wedge-shaped heat insulating material having a wedge-shaped cross section that is formed by dividing the surface into two parts with an inclined dividing surface. 6. The heat insulating structure for a basement according to claim 5, wherein each of the wedge-shaped heat insulating materials has a symmetrical longitudinal cross section divided into two parts.