JPH08284276A - Thermal insulation structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide thermal insulation structure in simple structure and excellent in a thermal insulation property. CONSTITUTION: Thermal insulation structure 10 is constituted with a 10mm thick air layer 14 interposed between a concrete made exterior wall material 12 and a veneer plate 18 holding an interior material 20 and a thermal reflecting layer consisting of a mortar layer 16 containing an aluminum powder provided on the concrete made exterior wall material 12. It is possible to provide a convection preventive layer consisting of a porous body such as polyurethan foam or a fiber lump body in place of the air layer 14.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a heat insulating structure used for buildings, and more particularly to a heat insulating structure having a simple structure and excellent heat insulating properties.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Heretofore, an aggregate of fibrous materials represented by various resin foams and glass fibers has been widely used as a heat insulating material used in buildings. In many cases, these were used alone due to their low thermal conductivity.

On the other hand, in order to improve heating efficiency, double glazing in which a layer of dry air is provided between two glass plates is used for the window glass in the cold district inside. This takes advantage of the low thermal conductivity of the dry air layer.

In order to reduce the thermal conductivity, a method of providing a layer having a small void is generally used. Therefore, the foaming rate is increased by using a foam or the thermal conductivity of the clad layer of the foam is reduced. In order to do so, it has been attempted to increase the bulk specific gravity, but these have limitations.

[0005]

Therefore, a heat insulating structure having a simple structure and a high heat insulating effect has been desired. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a heat insulating structure having a simple structure and excellent heat insulating properties.

[0006]

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the heat insulating structure of the present invention has at least one layer of an air layer or a convection prevention layer and is adjacent to the layer. It is characterized by having a heat reflection layer on at least one surface side. The heat insulation structure according to claim 2 of the present invention is characterized in that the convection prevention layer is a porous structure. further,
The heat insulating structure according to claim 3 of the present invention is characterized in that the convection prevention layer is a fiber lump. Claim 4 of the present invention
The heat insulation structure described is the heat insulation structure, wherein the heat reflection layer is made of a thin film of a metal or a metal compound. A heat insulating structure according to a fifth aspect of the present invention is the heat insulating structure, wherein the heat reflection layer is a coating thin film containing metal powder or metal compound powder. The heat insulating structure according to claim 6 of the present invention is characterized by further including a heat insulating layer adjacent to the heat reflecting layer.

[0007]

Since the heat insulating structure of the present invention has the air layer or the convection prevention layer, it has the effect of low thermal conductivity of the air in the voids in the air layer or the convection prevention layer, and further those layers. Since it has a heat reflection layer on at least one surface thereof, it is possible to prevent loss due to heat radiation. Therefore, the heat insulating property is further improved. Further, since the heat reflection layer is made of a metal thin film or a coating thin film containing metal powder, the heat reflection layer can be easily formed on any surface, and the heat conduction preventing effect is high.

[0008]

EXAMPLES The heat insulating structure of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples. (Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a part of the heat insulating structure of the embodiment 1. The heat insulating structure 10 is adjacent to the aluminum powder-containing mortar layer 14 (thickness 2 mm) formed on the concrete outer wall material 12 having a thickness 30 mm, and the thickness 10 m.
m air layer 16 is provided, and the air layer 16 is defined by a veneer plate 18 having a thickness of 2 mm as a support. A wallpaper 20 (thickness: 0.5 mm) is attached to the outside of the veneer plate 18 for maintaining the appearance. The aluminum powder-containing resin paint thin film 14 has a function as a heat reflection layer. (Example 2) A heat insulating structure was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an aluminum powder-containing mortar layer was used as the heat reflecting layer, and an aluminum foil having a thickness of 50 μm was attached to the outer wall material via an adhesive. Obtained. (Embodiment 3) FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a part of a heat insulating structure according to a third embodiment. The heat insulating structure 22 is provided with an aluminum foil 24 (thickness: 50 μm) attached on a concrete outer wall material 12 having a thickness of 30 mm, and a urethane foam layer 26 having a thickness of 10 mm adjacent to the aluminum foil 24.
A 2 mm thick veneer plate 18 to which a 0.5 mm thick wallpaper 20 is attached is provided on the outer side of the veneer plate 18 for maintaining the appearance. The urethane foam layer 26 is a convection prevention layer, and the aluminum foil 24 functions as a heat reflection layer. The urethane foam used in this example has eight cells formed per 25 mm. (Example 4) In place of the air layer, a layer 16 of glass fiber lumps having a thickness of 10 mm was provided, and a wall paper (thickness 0.5 mm) was pasted adjacent to the fiber lump layer to form a layer having a thickness of 2 mm. A heat insulating structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a veneer plate was provided. (Comparative Examples 1 to 4) A heat insulating structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a mortar layer containing 2 mm of aluminum powder was formed in place of the mortar layer containing aluminum powder, which was the heat reflecting layer of Example 1, and was compared. It is referred to as Example 1. Further, a heat insulating structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the aluminum foil as the heat reflection layer was removed from Examples 2 and 3, and Comparative Examples 2 and 3 were obtained. A heat insulating structure was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the aluminum powder-containing mortar layer, which is the heat reflecting layer in Example 4, was removed to obtain Comparative Example 4.

With respect to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the heat transmission coefficient was evaluated as a criterion for heat insulation. The heat transmission coefficient was measured in accordance with JIS Z9211, with an outside air temperature of 0 ° C. and an indoor temperature of 20 ° C. The smaller the coefficient of heat transmission, the better the heat insulation. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0010]

[Table 1]

As is clear from Table 1, the heat insulating structure of the present invention (Examples 1 to 4) had a simple structure but was excellent in heat insulating property. On the other hand, it was found that Comparative Examples 1 to 4 each having a structure having no heat reflection layer were inferior in heat insulating property to the Examples. For example, if the heat transmission coefficient is decreased by 0.1, the heat balance when maintaining the room temperature of one room facing south in Sapporo from September 15th to June 15th at 20 ° C for the 9 months will be the power consumption. Considering the data that the electricity rate per day is reduced by 1 yen when converted into, it is clear that the effect of the heat insulating structure of the present invention is excellent.

Next, the air layer or the convection prevention layer 14 used in the present invention will be described. The air layer is for providing an air layer in the intermediate portion between the outer wall material and the interior material, and has a thickness of 1
It is preferable to provide an air layer of about 50 mm. The interior material can be used as it is as long as it has rigidity itself, but when using a flexible interior material such as wallpaper, the interior material is attached to a support such as a veneer plate or a synthetic resin plate to maintain a space. To use. The air layer is formed by fixing the outer wall material and the interior material or the interior material attached to the support by interposing a spacer such as a screw or a columnar body for partially connecting them to maintain a space. Alternatively, it may be formed by fixing the upper and lower ends of the interior material at the joint surface with the surroundings, that is, the ceiling, the floor, etc. without using a special spacer.

On the other hand, the convection prevention layer is provided for the purpose of preventing convection of the air layer existing in the intermediate portion between the outer wall material and the interior material, and is a porous structure having a large number of small holes,
It is preferred to use fiber agglomerates with many voids between the fibers. The porous structure has an open-air structure in which cells (small holes) communicate with each other, a closed-cell structure having cells surrounded by walls, and a mixture of these cells. Is mentioned. Among the porous structures, the maximum diameter of cells formed from the viewpoint of the effect of preventing convection is 0.1 to
It is preferably in the range of 20 mm, and further 0.1 to
The range of 5 mm is preferable from the viewpoint of heat insulation and strength. Further, it is preferable that 1 to 30 cells are formed per 25 mm, and if the number of cells exceeds 25 per 25 mm, the volume of each cell becomes small, and the effectiveness of the heat reflection layer decreases, and the number is less than 1. It is not preferable because the strength and the effect of preventing convection are reduced. Preferably, the number is 2 to 20 per 25 mm. The number of cells existing per unit distance is, for example, 25 m when a photograph of the porous structure is taken.
It can be measured by drawing a straight line corresponding to m and visually counting the number of cells existing on the straight line. The measurement is performed at 10 points per sample, and the number average is taken as the number of cells. The number of cells of the porous structure can be controlled by changing the production conditions, for example, the compounding materials such as the catalyst and the foam stabilizer.

As the material for forming the porous structure, any material can be used as long as it can form a normal foam, that is, as long as it can contain a gas in the structure. For example, polyurethane-based material, Polystyrene, polyethylene,
Resins such as polyolefin such as polypropylene, vinyl such as polyethylene vinyl acetate and polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyamide, EPDM, vinylidene chloride, phenol, urea, silicone and the like can be used.

As the fiber lump, a lump lump represented by glass wool, in which short fibers are kept in a fibrous form or in a matte form, or fibers are entwined without using an adhesive and molded. Nonwoven fabrics are exemplified, and of these, low density ones are preferably used. Here, the low density means, for example, a specific gravity of 0.02 or less, in other words, a porosity per unit area of about 90 to 99.5%.

The fibers forming the fiber lump are not particularly limited, but examples thereof include inorganic fibers such as glass fibers and organic synthetic fibers such as polyester, polypropylene and polyamide.

The thickness of the convection prevention layer interposed between the outer wall material and the interior material is preferably 1 to 50 mm, and more preferably 2 to 30 mm from the viewpoint of heat insulation. If the thickness is less than 1 mm, sufficient heat insulating properties cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 50 mm, the thickness of the entire heat insulating structure becomes large and the space utilization efficiency decreases, which is not preferable.

Further, for the purpose of improving heat insulation, a heat reflection layer is provided on at least one surface of the convection prevention layer. The heat reflection layer is a metal foil such as an aluminum foil, a metal such as glass or plastic, or a metal. A thin plate or film provided with a thin film layer of a compound (hereinafter referred to as metal), a thin film layer of a paint containing metal powder or metal compound powder, and the like can be used. The metals forming these layers are not particularly limited, but those having a low infrared emissivity are preferably used. For example, metals such as aluminum, gold, silver, and copper, alloys containing the above metals as main components, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, tin oxide, indium tin oxide, and other metal compounds, and A metal mixture containing these as main components is preferably used. As a method of applying these metals, as described above, the metal itself is thinly processed and pasted as a metal foil, or a thin film of metal is formed on a support such as a plastic film by vapor deposition or coating. Affixing or inserting, concrete,
Examples thereof include coating and coating a mixture of powders of metals in a matrix such as mortar and paint to form a heat reflection layer. The amount of metal powder added to the paint is
For example, 0.01 to 98% by weight can be added to the mortar, preferably 5 to 80% by weight, and 0.01 to 98% by weight can be added to the water-based paint. Is 5 to 80% by weight. The particle size of the metal powder is preferably about 0.1 μm to 5 mm, more preferably about 0.1 μm to 1 mm, from the viewpoint of heat insulation.

The method for forming the metal or metal compound thin film is not particularly limited. For example, as a method for forming the metal thin film,
Wet plating method using a plating solution such as electroplating method and electroless plating method, and dry plating such as vacuum deposition method, ion plating method, sputtering method, ion beam sputtering method and ECR (electron cyclotron resonance) plasma method. There is a law. In the present invention, it is sufficient that a metal thin film can be formed, and any of the above methods can be suitably adopted. Among these, the dry plating method is preferable because it has an advantage that the film thickness can be easily controlled and managed during thin film formation by an optical film thickness control method such as a λ / 4 control method. Further, as a method for forming a metal compound thin film, a method of forming a necessary compound by plasma spraying, high frequency sputtering, a vacuum deposition method, etc., and a reactive sputtering of forming a film by mixing a reactive gas at the time of forming a metal thin film Methods, ion plating methods, chemical vapor deposition methods (CVD) that cause a chemical reaction on a substrate, plasma CVD methods, and other reactive film formation methods. In the former method, an electron gun or high frequency discharge is used for film formation. In the latter case, particularly when performing the reactive sputtering method, a metal serving as a raw material of a metal compound to be obtained is set on a target. For example, in the case of an oxide film, a gas having an oxidizing property during film formation and sputtering Mix with gas to react. In this case, oxygen, ozone, air,
A substance having an oxygen atom such as water can be used, but it is not particularly limited. Also in the case of carbonization, those having carbon atoms such as hydrocarbon gas such as methane and ethane can be used, but not particularly limited. Similarly, helium, argon, or the like is used as the inert gas for sputtering, but the cheapest argon is generally used because it is industrially used. The oxidation degree and nitriding degree of the film can be controlled by changing the mixing ratio of these gases.

The thickness of the formed metal or metal compound layer is about 1 μm to 2 mm for the metal foil, about 5 nm to 10 μm for the metal thin film layer formed on the film, and the metal for the paint thin film layer mixed with metal powder. Although it depends on the amount of powder added, about 0.1 to 5 mm is preferable from the viewpoint of the effect. The metal forming the heat reflecting layer, the type of metal compound, and the thickness of the formed layer can be arbitrarily selected according to the site where the heat insulating structure is installed, within the range not impairing the object of the present invention. Further, the heat reflection layer may be provided on only one side or both sides of the air layer or the convection prevention layer.

Further, in the heat insulating structure of the present invention, the heat reflection layer and the convection prevention layer can be joined together via an adhesive layer, if necessary. The adhesive constituting this adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but for example, a polyvinyl chloride adhesive,
Polyvinyl butyral adhesive layer, cyanoacrylate adhesive layer, unsaturated polyester-styrene monomer adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive, phenol resin adhesive,
Examples thereof include a phenolic-nitrile rubber adhesive, a vinyl-nitrile rubber adhesive, and a polychloroprene adhesive.

Further, in the heat insulating structure of the present invention, in addition to the heat reflecting layer and the convection preventive layer, a heat insulating layer can be further provided adjacent to the heat reflecting layer. It is preferable that the heat insulating layer is provided on the outdoor side of the heat insulating structure in terms of the heat insulating effect. Here, as the heat insulating layer, both a foam and a porous structure used as a normal heat insulating material can be used. For example, the bulk specific gravity is high and the cell density is high, for example, cells per 25 mm. Suitable examples are foams having a number of 50 or more, porous structures, and the like. The material forming the heat insulating layer is a material capable of forming the usual foams as the material for the convection prevention layer. Similar materials can be used.

[0023]

Since the heat insulating structure of the present invention has the above-mentioned structure, it has a simple structure and has an excellent heat insulating property.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a heat insulating structure of Example 1.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a heat insulating structure of Example 3.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Thermal Insulation Structure 12 Outer Wall Material 14 Aluminum Powder-Containing Mortar Layer (Heat Reflection Layer) 16 Air Layer 26 Urethane Foam Layer (Convection Prevention Layer) 24 Aluminum Foil (Heat Reflection Layer)

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A heat insulating structure comprising at least one layer of an air layer or a convection prevention layer, and a heat reflection layer on at least one surface side adjacent to the layer. 2. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein the convection prevention layer is a porous structure. 3. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein the convection prevention layer is a fiber lump. 4. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein the heat reflection layer is made of a thin film of a metal or a metal compound. 5. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein the heat reflection layer is made of a coating thin film containing metal powder or metal compound powder. 6. The heat insulating structure according to claim 1, further comprising a heat insulating layer adjacent to the heat reflecting layer.