JPH08281766A - Extruder - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide an extruder not clogged even if metals leaked during sorting are mixed with shredder dust of a resin. CONSTITUTION: In an extruder wherein a screw 4 is provided in a casing 10 in a freely rotatable manner and shredder dust 2 of a resin partially containing metals is charged in the casing from the material charging port 1 thereof to be extruded from the nozzle orifice provided to the leading end of the casing 10 to be reduced in vol. and solidified, a nozzle 11 is provided to the leading end part of the casing 10 in an axially freely movable manner.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an extruder, and in particular, a screw is rotatably provided in a casing, and shredder dust is charged from a material charging port thereof and extruded from a nozzle port at a tip to solidify the volume. Regarding an extruder.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A system for reducing the volume of waste car dust (shredder dust) by using a single-screw or twin-screw extruder has been developed as a countermeasure against the shortage of landfill disposal (for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 6-1791). .

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a conventional example of an extruder.

In this extruder, the shredder dust 2 charged from the hopper 1 is axially transferred by a screw 4 rotating in a casing 3 and crushed in the process.
Kneading and compression are performed, and the semi-molten material is plasticized by self-heating of dust, and is extruded out of the extruder and air-cooled to obtain a solidified material D having a reduced volume.

[0005]

By the way, the shredder dust 2 contains large pieces of metal and unmelted material in addition to plastics, and is sorted before being put into the extruder in advance. If this selection is not sufficient, the semi-molten material may be blocked between the tip of the screw 4 and the nozzle 5 to prevent the transport of dust.

Therefore, a breaker plate is provided at the tip of the nozzle 5 to apply back pressure or a throttle valve is provided to adjust the pressure inside the casing 3.

However, when a breaker plate is used, metals and the like are clogged, and when a back pressure is increased by providing a throttle valve, the amount of solidified matter D extruded from the nozzle 5 is reduced and the processing capacity is reduced. Will decrease.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to provide an extruder which is not clogged even if metals that have been selected and leaked are mixed in the shredder dust of the resin.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a screw rotatably in a casing, inserts shredder dust from its material introduction port, and extrudes it from a tip nozzle port to reduce the volume. In an extruder for solidifying, a nozzle is provided at a tip portion of a casing so as to be movable in an axial direction.

In addition to the above structure, the present invention forms a nozzle into a cylindrical body which is movable in a casing, forms a thread groove on the outer circumference of the nozzle, and a screw which engages with the thread groove on the outer circumference of the nozzle. A ring-shaped member having a groove is provided, and the nozzle is moved in the axial direction by rotating the ring-shaped member.

In addition to the above structure, the present invention forms a flange having a plurality of bolt holes at the tip of a casing, forms a plurality of bolt through holes in the circumferential direction of a ring-shaped member, and bolts penetrating each bolt hole. The ring-shaped member may be fixed to the flange by.

In addition to the above construction, the present invention forms gear teeth on the outer periphery of the ring-shaped member and rotates the ring-shaped member by rotating a gear having teeth engaging with the gear teeth by a motor. You may do it.

[0013]

According to the above construction, the gap between the tip of the screw and the nozzle can be changed by axially moving the nozzle provided at the tip of the casing. That is, when the nozzle is moved to the outside of the casing, the gap between the tip of the screw and the nozzle is increased to reduce the back pressure, and when the nozzle is moved to the inside of the casing, the gap between the tip of the screw and the nozzle is decreased. It becomes smaller and the back pressure becomes larger.

When the ring-shaped member provided on the outer circumference of the nozzle is rotated, the nozzle moves in the axial direction. If the ring-shaped member is rotated so that the bolt through hole and the bolt hole are aligned and then bolted, the gap between the nozzle and the screw can be adjusted although it is discrete, and the back pressure is adjusted discretely. To be done.

When the gear of the motor is rotated, the ring-shaped member rotates and the nozzle moves in the axial direction. Therefore, the gap between the nozzle and the screw can be continuously adjusted, and the back pressure can be continuously changed. Adjusted.

[0016]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same members as those in the conventional example described above.

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a first embodiment of the extruder of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view thereof.

The extruder shown in FIG. 1 has a screw 4 housed in a casing 10, and an outlet of the casing 10 is provided with a nozzle barrel 11 through which a solidified substance D extruded by the screw 4 passes.

The casing 10 comprises a substantially cylindrical main body barrel 12 and a nozzle barrel 11 provided inside one end (outlet side) of the main barrel 12 so as to be movable in the axial direction. The nozzle barrel 11 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape having an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the body barrel 12. Nozzle barrel 11
The inside of the shaft hole 13 is formed in a taper shape, and a thread groove 14 is formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle barrel 11.

Reference numeral 15 is a ring-shaped member having a thread groove 16 that engages with a thread groove 14 formed on the outer periphery of the nozzle barrel 11, and a plurality of bolt through holes 17 are equally spaced in the circumferential direction of the ring-shaped member 15. Is formed in. Body barrel 12
A flange 18 is formed on the outlet side (the left side in the figure) of the bolt hole 19 at a position corresponding to the bolt through hole 17.
Are formed. The bolt hole 19 is formed with a screw groove that engages with the screw of the bolt 20. Ring-shaped member 15
Are fastened to the flange 18 with these bolts 20.

A shaft hole 21 having a predetermined inner diameter is formed in the main body barrel 12, and a hopper 1 for charging the shredder dust 2 into the shaft hole 21 is provided in the upper portion on the other end side (right side in the figure). ing.

The screw 4 is connected to and supported by an output shaft 22 of a motor Ma provided near the hopper 1, and is configured to rotate at a predetermined rotation speed. Screw 4
The shaft portion 4a is formed in a substantially conical shape so that the tip of the shaft portion 4a keeps a predetermined distance from the inner wall of the tapered portion of the shaft hole 21, and the diameter of the shaft portion 4a in the body barrel 12 is smaller on the base end side. It is formed in a tapered shape. That is, the space between the screw shaft portion 4a and the inner wall of the shaft hole 21 is gradually narrowed from the base end side toward the tip end side. In addition, the screw blade 4 attached to the shaft portion 4a
b has a size such that the outer peripheral end keeps a constant gap over the entire length from the inner wall that defines the shaft hole 21, and it projects in the radial direction.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

First, when the ring-shaped member 15 is manually rotated with the bolt 20 removed, the nozzle barrel 11 moves in the axial direction. For example, when the ring-shaped member 15 is rotated clockwise toward the extruder, the nozzle barrel 11 is moved to the main barrel 12
When the ring-shaped member 15 is rotated counterclockwise toward the extruder, the nozzle barrel 11 moves toward the inside of the main body barrel 12. That is, when the nozzle barrel 11 moves to the position shown by the chain double-dashed line L,
The gap G between the nozzle barrel 11 and the tip of the screw 4 becomes large. Although the size of the gap G is determined by the number of rotations and the rotation angle of the ring-shaped member 15, the value of the gap G is a discrete value because there are only a plurality of positions of the bolt through hole 17 and the bolt hole 19. For example, when the number of bolt through holes 17 and the number of bolt holes 19 are six, respectively,
By rotating the ring member 15 by one bolt hole 19, the ring member 15 is rotated by 60 degrees, and the gap G is changed by that amount. However, in this case, the ring-shaped member 15 cannot be rotated 30 degrees. for that reason,
After rotating the ring-shaped member 15 with the ring-shaped member 15 in contact with the flange 18 so that the value of the gap G becomes the closest value to the desired value, the ring-shaped member 15 is attached to the flange 18 with the bolt 20. The fastening of the gap completes the work of adjusting the gap.

After the gap adjusting work is completed, the screw 4 is rotated at a predetermined speed and the hopper 1
The shredder dust 2 is put in and is sequentially transferred in the axial direction of the body barrel 12. During this transfer process, the shredder dust 2 is crushed, kneaded and compressed by the action of the screw blades 4b of the screw 4 in the shaft hole 21, self-heats and is plasticized, and becomes a semi-molten material. Immediately after the start of work, a heater (not shown) provided on the outer periphery of the main body barrel 12 compensates for insufficient heat generation. When the shredder dust reaches the nozzle barrel 11, compression is promoted in the shaft hole 13 and flows out outward in the axial direction, but the gap G between the nozzle barrel 11 and the screw 4 is enlarged. Therefore, the solidified material D is not clogged and the solidified product D is in the nozzle opening 1
Extruded from 1a. The extruded solidified product D has a substantially axial hole 1
It is air-cooled while maintaining the outer diameter of 3 and recovered as a stable columnar solidified product D.

As described above, by providing the nozzle barrel 11 movably in the axial direction at the tip of the body barrel 12, even if the shredder dust contains a part of metals, the extruder will be solidified without being clogged. Is pushed out of.

If vapor is generated when the solidified substance D is extruded, an axial groove may be formed in the axial hole 13 of the nozzle barrel 11 to allow the vapor to escape to the outside.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention, in which gear teeth 23 are formed on the outer periphery of the ring-shaped member 15 and gears 24 are engaged with the gear teeth 23. Two
5 is rotated by the motor Mb, the ring-shaped member 1
5 is rotated.

A ring-shaped member 15 is engaged with the outer periphery of the nozzle barrel 11, and a holding plate 26 is fixed to the flange 18 so that the ring-shaped member 15 and the nozzle barrel 11 do not come out of the main barrel 12. .

Internal pressure (back pressure) in the body barrel 12
Is provided with a pressure sensor, and the output of the pressure sensor is, for example, an arithmetic unit 2 including a microcomputer.
7 is input. The output of the arithmetic unit 27 is input to the amplifier 28, and the output of the amplifier 28 is input to the motor Mb.
The arithmetic unit 27 is connected to an input unit 29 for setting the back pressure of the extruder.

In this extruder, the pressure in the barrel 12 of the main body is detected by a pressure sensor, the obtained detection value is compared with the pressure value previously input to the input device 29, and the back pressure becomes a set value. The gap G is adjusted by rotating the motor Mb.

Since the rotation speed and the rotation angle of the ring-shaped member 15 can be continuously changed by the motor Mb, the back pressure can be adjusted more accurately and in real time than the extruder of the embodiment shown in FIG. You can The other structure, function and effect are similar to those of the first embodiment described above.

[0033]

In summary, according to the present invention, the following excellent effects are exhibited.

Since the nozzle is provided at the tip of the casing so as to be movable in the axial direction, it is possible to realize an extruder in which shredder dust made of resin is not clogged even if metals that have been selected and leaked are mixed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a first embodiment of an extruder of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the extruder shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side sectional view showing a conventional example of an extruder.

[Explanation of symbols]

 2 Shredder dust 4 Screw 10 Casing 11 Nozzle (nozzle barrel) 11a Nozzle port 15 Ring-shaped member D Solidified material

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. An extruder for rotatably mounting a screw in a casing, for inputting shredder dust through a material input port and extruding through a nozzle port at a tip to reduce volume and solidify, a shaft is provided at a tip portion of the casing. An extruder having a nozzle that is movable in any direction. 2. A ring having the nozzle formed in a cylindrical body that is movable in the casing, a thread groove formed on the outer circumference of the nozzle, and a thread groove engaging with the thread groove formed on the outer circumference of the nozzle. 2. The extruder according to claim 1, further comprising a ring-shaped member, wherein the nozzle is moved in the axial direction by rotating the ring-shaped member. 3. A flange having a plurality of bolt holes is formed at the tip of the casing, a plurality of bolt through holes are formed in the circumferential direction of the ring-shaped member, and the ring-shaped member is formed by bolts passing through the bolt holes. The extruder according to claim 2, wherein the member is fixed to the flange. 4. The ring member is formed by forming gear teeth on the outer periphery of the ring member and rotating a gear having teeth engaging with the gear teeth by a motor. The extruder according to 2.