JPH0826358B2 - Stick-shaped toilet soap - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a bar soap, in particular a mild bar soap consisting of a blend of soap and one or more co-actives.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art For many years, bar soaps have been manufactured by molding these'soaps' formed by changing the triglyceride component of fats into fatty acids into bars.

The most important fats traditionally used in the production of soaps are tallow (palmitin extracted from carcasses of animals /
Stearin fat) and coconut oil (laurin fat). As used herein, the terms'oil 'and'fat' are considered synonymous unless otherwise stated. Other palmitin / stearin fats (eg palm oil) and alternative lauric fats (eg palm kernel oil, babassu palm oil, ma
The use of cauba oil) is known.

Generally longer chain fatty acid soaps, especially the cheaper C16 (such as obtained from tallow and palm oil),
C18 soaps provide the finished bar soap structure and also prevent or delay the disintegration of bar soaps exposed to water.
Soap obtained from the more expensive and shorter chain lauric fat,
That is, lauric acid and other soluble soaps (such as those obtained from palm oil and palm kernel oil) contribute to the lathering properties of the overall composition. A common problem with bar soap formulations is
It was to balance the provision of structure (achieved with cheaper ingredients) with the maintenance of foaming properties (achieved with more expensive ingredients) at the actual total cost.

The distribution of fatty acid chain lengths of a series of soap components is shown below.

[0006]

[Table 1]

(Both known as lauric fat)
It can be seen from the table above that coconut fat and palm kernel fat are particularly rich in C10-C14 saturated fatty acids, especially fatty acid residues derived from lauric acid itself. For convenience, these fats containing relatively short chain saturated fatty acids are hereinafter referred to as lauric fats.
This definition includes palm kernel oil, babassu palm oil or macauba oil as described above. In contrast, tallow and palm oil are industrial sources of non-lauric fats, especially non-lauric fats containing C16 and C18 fatty acid residues. Saturated residues and unsaturated residues are present in almost equal amounts. C
16, C18 fatty acids and longer chain fatty acids are hereinafter referred to as non-lauric fats.

The standard measure of the degree of saturation of fatty acid residues or more generally of fats or blends of fatty acids is the so-called iodine number. The iodine value of a fatty acid residue is determined by the ability of the residue to bind iodine (mol%). Iodine binds to unsaturated fatty acids in proportion to the degree of unsaturation, not to saturated fatty acids. Therefore, saturated fat has a low iodine value,
Monounsaturated fats combine with about 100 mol% iodine and have an iodine value ('IV') of about 100. In contrast, diunsaturated fats bind about 200 mol% iodine, reaching an iodine number of 200. CRC Handbook 63rd Edition (CR
C Press) describes that beef tallow has an iodine value of 49.5 and coconut oil has an iodine value of 10.4.

In conventional commercial formulations, bar soaps are 90-50% fatty acid soaps obtained from tallow (ie non-lauric fat) and 10-50% fatty acid soaps obtained from coconut (ie lauric fat). Contains fatty acid soap. Most commercial soap formulations contain 80% tallow and 20% coconut oil, especially in countries where tallow is acceptable to consumers. In countries where tallow is not acceptable, other oils or fats (eg palm oil) are used instead of tallow.

Conventional methods for making'sticky 'soaps are well described in the literature. The general method is as follows. In conventional'wet 'soap making, a blend of fat or tallow and coconut oil is saponified in the presence of an alkali (usually NaOH) to produce fatty acids and glycerol as an alkaline soap. Extract glycerol with brine to get about 7
A dilute fatty acid soap solution containing 0% soap and 30% aqueous phase is obtained. The soap solution is dried, usually by heating to about 130 ° C. in a heat exchanger and vacuum drying until the water content is about 12%, kneading, extruding and stamping to give a bar.

The major drawback of compositions containing fatty acid soaps is harshness. This is a property that is determined by a number of tests as detailed below. A known solution to the problem of roughness is to reduce the amount of soap present and replace the rest of the composition with so-called co-activators. A problem caused by the presence of co-activators is that the product structure of the resulting bar soap is compromised.

In order to overcome the problem of structural loss, bar soaps containing co-activators have been produced by methods that increase the cost of any product. Several such methods are known.

British Patent Application Publication No. 2182343 (P
locter & Gamble) is a fatty acid soap,
Disclosed is a cosmetic soap consisting of a synthetic surfactant co-active agent and a water-soluble polymer. In order to reduce the softening effect of the co-activator, some soap must be present in the so-called β-crystalline phase, crystallization in this phase being carried out after the drying step and during an additional processing step before finishing. It can only occur by applying high shear (ie energy work).

European Patent No. 363215 (Col
Gate) discloses a method of making a bar-shaped toilet soap from soap and an ethoxylated surfactant co-activator. In order to cure the material sufficiently to be processed into bars using conventional soap making / forming equipment, the soap composition needs to be dried to a critical water content of less than 5% by weight. This drying step requires an additional device in the form of a tray for batch drying to be used before the finishing of the soap.

European Patent No. 311343 (Pro
Cter & Gamble) discloses the combined use of a β-crystalline phase, an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant co-activator and a water soluble polymer. As mentioned above, changing these compositions requires modification of the soap processing line to provide the energy work needed to form the β-crystal phase.

[0016]

Each of these known alternative manufacturing processes for bar soaps containing co-activators further comprises a processing device, in particular in the form of a drying and / or energy working device, and the soap It can be seen from the above that it is necessary to add an additional processing step using this device before the finishing of. A bar soap composition that does not require these additional steps in order to use a conventional soap production line without substantial modification, yet provides a product that is less rough and retains foaming and structural properties. I need things.

[0017]

The present invention provides such a composition and also provides a relatively long-saturated soap which is relatively more saturated than conventional soap compositions, i.e. a relatively unsaturated long-chain soap. Is to use. Removal of soluble non-lauric fatty acid soaps is particularly advantageous in order to improve the structural properties of the soap to some extent so that higher amounts of co-activator than before can be introduced into the soap composition without special processing. It is believed that there is.

Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention is the manufacture of bar soaps containing one or more synergistic mildness imparting activators to produce insoluble non-lauric fatty acid soaps having a low iodine number as a structuring agent. Is to be used as.

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are: a) at least 25% by weight of total activator of lauric acid soap, b) non-lauric soap with an iodine value of less than 45 as the balance of the soap, and c) total activator. At least 5% by weight of one or more synergistic mildness-imparting activators (synergistic m
and a bar-shaped soap consisting of ilnessless active).

As mentioned above, the lauric acid soap is characterized by being a fatty acid composition which promotes lathering and which contains a large amount of C10-C14 saturated acids, in particular 65 to 80% of the fatty acid content. For the present invention, suitable sources of lauric fatty acids include coconut oil / fatty acids, palm kernel oil / fatty acids, babassu palm oil / fatty acids, macauba oil / fatty acids and mixtures thereof. From the viewpoint of availability, fats and fatty acids obtained from palm are preferable.

Suitable non-lauric soaps are saturated fatty acid-rich soaps with a chain length greater than C14. Sources of such fatty acids include animal fats / fatty acids (eg tallow, lard and fatty acids derived therefrom), vegetable oils, in particular fats / fatty acids rich in palmitic acid and stearic acid (eg palm oil) and their fractions. Minutes included. Fatty acids
Oil sources that produce highly unsaturated fatty acids (eg soybean oil,
Sunflower oil, rice bran oil, flaxseed oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil,
When obtained from marine oils etc.) it is preferred to harden or fractionate the feedstock to produce a partially or fully hardened fatty acid mixture and / or stearin. Fats and fatty acids obtained from tallow are preferred, except when nut or other vegetable oil substitutes are used for cultivation reasons.

The preferred upper limit for laurate soap is about 60% for economic reasons.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the non-laurin soap has an iodine value of 10 to 45, more preferably 20 to 40, and most preferably 25 to 40.
The measured iodine number of a non-lauric soap with a conventional soap blend consisting of tallow and coconut oil is about 48 (similar to the iodine number of pure tallow cited above). Thus, it can be seen that the non-lauric fats of the composition of the present invention are generally more saturated than those used in conventional soap making.

One oil and / or fatty acid derived therefrom may be used in the soap component of the formulations of the present invention, but 2
The use of mixtures of more than one oil and / or fatty acid composition is not thereby ruled out, the latter being practical in practice.

As described above, in the composition of the present invention, the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids in the non-laurin soap is set so that the ratio of saturated fatty acids is high. This can be accomplished by adding saturates to the soap blend or removing unsaturates. It is particularly preferred to remove the olein soap to relatively increase the amount of saturates. Olein soaps are tallow and palm soluble C18: 1 (olein) and C18:
2 (linole) soap, the removal of which increases the content of total saturates.

As a whole soap, the iodine value of the soap blend is less than 35 for both lauric and non-lauric components.

In a particular embodiment of the invention, the composition further comprises an amount of less than or equal to 20% by weight of the total active agent content of the product, preferably less than or equal to 10% by weight, most preferably less than or equal to 6% by weight. Of at least one synthetic anionic surfactant.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the total soluble active agent component should be in a content of 50-70% by weight, based on the total standardized active agent content of 100% by weight. The soluble active ingredient includes saturated soap having a carbon chain length of less than 16, unsaturated soap, synthetic anionic surfactant, and synergistic mildness imparting active agent.

Preferably, the synergistic mildness imparting active agent is selected from the group consisting of nonionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants and mixtures thereof. The synergistic mildening active should be present in at least 5% by weight of the total active. Particularly useful compositions contain 5 to 25% by weight of the total active agent, preferably 8 to 20%, more preferably 9 to 18% by weight of a synergistic mildness imparting active agent.

Suitable nonionic surfactants include polyethoxylated alcohols, polyethoxylated alkylphenols, alkyl polyglycosides, sorbitan esters,
Included are polysorbates, alkanolamides, poloxamers and mixtures thereof. Preferred among the nonionic surfactants are polyethoxylated alcohols, especially tallow ethoxylates. Preferred tallow ethoxylates have an average alkyl chain length of 10 to 20 carbons and an average ethoxylate content of 3 to 20 units.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants include amine oxides, aminomides, betaines, amidobetaines, sulfobetaines and mixtures thereof. Cocoamidopropyl betaine and tegobetaine are particularly preferred due to their low content of potential nitrosamine precursors.

As mentioned above, it is preferred that the composition comprises one or more synthetic anionic surfactants. Suitable synthetic anionic surfactants include alkyl sulphates, alkyl ether sulphates, α-olefin sulphonates, fatty isethionates, alkyl glyceryl ether sulphonates, monoalkyl glyceryl sulphates, alkyl sarcosinates, alkyl taurides, alkyl sulphosuccinates. Nates, alkyl phosphates and mixtures thereof. Among the anionic surfactants, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLE) is preferable.
S), α-olefin sulfonates and fatty sodium isethionate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate (SLES) being particularly preferred.

The "foaming ratio" of the preferred compositions of the present invention is greater than 0.56, preferably greater than 0.6, and more preferably greater than 0.8. Foaming ratio is defined as the sum of saturated soap with carbon chain length less than 16 and synthetic anionic surfactant divided by the sum of unsaturated soap and synergistic mildness imparting surfactant. As mentioned above, the synergistic mildness imparting surfactant may be a nonionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant or a mixture thereof. Therefore, for most formulations, the foam ratio is L / L
L (wherein L: = C _8-14 : 0 + synthetic anionic surfactant,
LL: = unsaturated soap + nonionic surfactant + amphoteric surfactant).

A conventional '8 containing tallow and coconut oil as main components
In 0/20 'soap formulations (no synthetic anionic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants), L
The / LL ratio is about 0.45.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the total water content of the bar soap should be 8 to 20% by weight, preferably 9 to 17% by weight, more preferably 10 to 16% by weight of the bar soap. The most preferred water content of the final bar soap is the standard water content of the bar soap (about 12%) and can be brought to this level using conventional dryers.

The salt content of the bar soap can vary. In practice, the salt content is 0-1.5%. Some or all of this salt may be the residue of the saponification process normally used in the manufacture of soaps as is known in the art. It is also known that salt content can slightly affect any hardness of the product. Variations in salt content change the hardness of the bar soap and this variation can be used to adjust the final hardness within manufacturing limits. The salt content is preferably 0.2 to 0.8% by weight.

The most preferred compositions of the present invention comply with all formulation rules set forth above. That is, these blends are: a) 25-60% by weight of the total activator of lauric acid soap, b) a non-lauric soap with an iodine value of 10-45 as the balance of the soap, and c) 5% of the total activator. .About.20% by weight of one or more synergistic mildness imparting activators, d) saturated soap having a carbon chain length of less than 16, and unsaturated soaps,
50 to 70% by weight of the total amount of the active agents, including any synthetic anionic surfactant and a synergistic mildness imparting active agent, e) L: LL (wherein L: = saturated soap having a carbon chain length of less than 16) + Any synthetic anionic surfactant, LL: = unsaturated soap + synergistic mildness imparting active agent) ratio of 0.56:
Greater than 1.

The present invention further comprises: a) a neat soa, preferably a non-lauric fatty acid soap having an iodine value of less than 45 and a lauric fatty acid soap, such that the overall iodine value is less than 35.
p), b) combining the product of step a) with one or more synergistic mildening actives and drying to provide at least 5% by weight of the total actives of synergistic milding actives. , At least 25% by weight of total activator laurate soap, 8 to
A blend consisting of 20% by weight of water is produced, and c) energy work.
ng) is carried out to produce a bar soap, and a method for producing a bar soap from pure soap is provided.

In step b) the components may be combined after drying or the components may be combined before drying. Another alternative is to combine the components during the drying process, ie after the first drying stage is complete, eg after the heat exchanger but before the vacuum drying stage.

Usually, the finishing step c) is kneading and extruding (p
The conventional steps of loading and stamping may be included.

[0041]

EXAMPLES In order that the invention may be better understood, non-limiting examples will now be described.

The following three processing methods were applied to the production of bar soaps using the formulations described below. The processing method applied was almost conventional and no modified processing line was used.

Proceedings of the
IVth International Congres
ss on Surface Active Subs
lanes (E. Gotte, Brussels
A test substantially similar to the'Zein 'test as described in (1964), [3] pp83-90) was used at a 2 wt% dilution level to characterize the final product for'roughness'.

(Processing) Example 1 The charged fat was saponified in the same manner as in the conventional soap production, and washed /
Adjusted to produce pure soap above 70 ° C. The material was then dried by a conventional flash vacuum dryer and the synergistic mildening activator was injected into the process stream prior to passing through the heat exchanger. Any synthetic anionic surfactant was injected into the process stream after passing through the heat exchanger but before entering the drying chamber. Subsequent processing of the process stream was carried out by conventional kneading / extrusion / stamping.

(Processing) Example 2 As in the method of Processing Example 1, the charged fat was saponified in the same manner as conventional soap and washed / conditioned to prepare pure soap at a temperature higher than 70 ° C. The material was then dried in a conventional flash dryer and co-injected with the synergistic mildness-imparting surfactant and any synthetic anionic surfactant before or immediately after the process stream passed through the heat exchanger. Subsequent processing of the process stream was carried out by conventional kneading / extrusion / stamping.

(Processing) Example 3 As in Processing Example 1, the charged fat was saponified in the same manner as conventional soap, washed / conditioned, and pure soap was produced at a temperature higher than 70 ° C. A synergistic mildness-imparting activator can be added directly to this pure soap and pumped (pump).
A mixture was prepared. Prior to or after passing through the heat exchanger, any synthetic anionic surfactant was injected into this mixture prior to the conventional drying step as in Working Example 1.

Using the above three methods, from the feedstocks shown below, product examples 1-13 as shown in Table 2 below.
Bar soap was manufactured. All ratios are expressed as weight percent of total activator. In practice, Working Example 3 proved to be particularly advantageous. In addition to the ingredients mentioned below, the work was carried out using conventional amounts of other soap ingredients such as water, perfumes and colorants.

The materials used in the following examples are as follows.

Synperonic A7: [RTM]
Alcohol ethoxylate (manufactured by ICI), C13 / 15
Alkyl chain, having an average of 7 ethoxylate units.

Synperonic A3: [RTM]
Alcohol ethoxylate (manufactured by ICI), C13 / 15
Alkyl chain, having an average of 3 ethoxylate units.

Synperonic A20: [RT
M] Alcohol ethoxylate (manufactured by ICI), C13 /
It has 15 alkyl chains with an average of 20 ethoxylate units.

Tegobetaine L7: cocoamidopropyl betaine (manufactured by Goldschmidt).

EGE: Ethyl-6-O-dodecyl glycoside (House Manufacturing).

Empilan KM11: [RTM] alcohol ethoxylate (Albright & Wi
Lson), C16 / 18 alkyl chains, having an average of 11 ethoxylate units.

Empilan KM20: [RTM] Alcohol Ethoxylate (Albright & Wi
Lson), C16 / 18 alkyl chains, having an average of 20 ethoxylate units.

Pluronic PE / P85: [RT
M] A block copolymer of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene (manufactured by BASF).

SLES: Genapol [RTM] sodium lauryl ether sulfate (manufactured by Hoechst).

HT: Hardened tallow (house production).

Example 1 is a control and used a conventional soap consisting of 80 parts of a conventional non-lauric component and 20 parts of a lauric component. The iodine value of the non-lauric component of this blend was 48, which was the usual value for tallow. It can be seen that the zein number of this composition was 0.72. This result is what is expected of the current bar-shaped toilet soap. The lower the zein value, the milder the product.

Examples 2-10 relate to specific examples of the invention. In these examples, cured tallow (denoted by'HT ')
, A nonionic surfactant (denoted by'Non ') and coconut oil (denoted by'CNO') were used as components of the feed fat. It is noted that the iodine value of non-lauric fat is 1-28. This indicates increased saturation of non-lauric fat. It can also be seen that the zein number of the products produced with these compositions was 0.50 to 0.58. This has shown benefits in reducing roughness. The nonionic surfactant used in these examples is Empilan KM20 unless otherwise stated.

In Examples 11-13, the synthetic anionic surfactant sodium lauryl ethyl sulfate (denoted as'SLES ') was incorporated into the compositions by any of the methods previously described. The amount of SLES added is 6 to 12 of the total activator.
It fluctuated in%. The presence of SLES or other synthetic anionic surfactant is optional in embodiments of the invention. It can be seen that the zein number of the products produced with these compositions was 0.44 to 0.45. This has shown to be even more beneficial with regard to the reduction of roughness.

In all of Examples 1 to 13, the roughness of the obtained bar-shaped soap was the same as that of the conventional bar-shaped soap, and the abrasion rate and the soft material formation (mush formati) were obtained.
on) had similar use characteristics. Example 2
At ~ 13, the soap is creamy
s) was improved and zein roughness was reduced.

Examples 14-16 show that higher amounts of soluble material than the control can be used to make the bar soaps of the present invention. It is noted that the iodine value of these compositions (as described below) is lower than the control iodine value, and the zein value (see Example 16) indicates a reduction in product roughness compared to the control. .

Examples 17-21 illustrate a method of making SLES-containing bar soaps using a greater amount of soluble material than the control. As in the previous example, the zein number (see Examples 19-21) indicates that the product has less roughness compared to the control.

[0065]

[Table 2]

Note: * Based on total normalized activator with soluble soap component content as defined above: 100%. The soluble soap component includes a saturated soap having a carbon chain length of less than 16, an unsaturated soap, a synthetic anionic surfactant, and a synergistic mildness imparting active agent.

** Ratio of foaming component to less foaming component. The sum of saturated soaps having a carbon chain length of less than 16 and synthetic anionic surfactants is divided by the sum of unsaturated soaps and synergistic mildness imparting active agents.

*** Iodine value of non-lauric oil.

Table 3 as shown below illustrates the invention by means of comparative examples. In these comparative examples, the soluble soap component as defined above is within 50 to 70% by weight, that is, within the scope of the present invention, but the foaming ratio as defined above is below the preferred lower limit of 0.56. . In addition to the values shown in Table 2,
The amount of foaming was shown. The non-ionic detergent used is Empil
It was an KM20.

[0070]

[Table 3]

It can be seen from Comparative Examples 22 to 25 shown in Table 3 that the compositions having a small foaming ratio have inferior foaming performance as shown by the small foaming amount. Example 14
~ 17 was re-described in the above table, and the foaming performance was also described. It can be seen that the embodiments of the present invention have an acceptable amount of foam and in all cases are better than the control.

Table 4, as set forth below, illustrates another embodiment of the present invention using an alternative mildness imparting activator. It can be seen that in all cases, the roughness of zein is improved compared to the conventional bar soap (Example 1).

[0073]

[Table 4]

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location C11D 1: 722) (C11D 10/04 1:14)

Claims (10)

[Claims] 1. a) At least 25% by weight of the total active agent.
Lauric acid soap of (1), b) a non-lauric soap having an iodine value of less than 45 as a residual component of soap, and (c) at least 5% by weight of the total amount of one or more synergistic mildness imparting activators. Soap. 2. The iodine value of non-laurin soap is 10 to 45.
The bar-shaped soap according to claim 1, wherein 3. The iodine value of non-laurin soap is 20-40.
The bar-shaped soap according to claim 2, wherein 4. Further comprising a synthetic anionic surfactant in an amount of up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight and most preferably up to 6% by weight of the total active content of the product. The bar-shaped soap according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized in that. 5. A saturated soap having a total soluble active agent content of 50 to 70% by weight, based on the total standardized active agent content of 100% by weight, and a carbon chain length of less than 16, and an unsaturated soap. The bar soap according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the synthetic active anionic surfactant and the synergistic mildness imparting active agent are included in the soluble active agent. 6. 5 to 25% by weight of the total active agent, preferably 8 to 20% by weight, more preferably 9 to 18% by weight.
6. The bar soap according to claim 1, which comprises the synergistic mildness imparting activator. 7. Foaming defined as the sum of saturated soap having a carbon chain length of less than 16 and any synthetic anionic surfactant divided by the sum of unsaturated soap and synergistic mildness imparting surfactant. Bar soap according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the ratio is greater than 0.56, preferably greater than 0.6 and more preferably greater than 0.8. 8. The total water content is 8 to 20% by weight of the bar soap,
Preferably 9 to 17% by weight, more preferably 10 to 16%
The bar soap according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bar soap is in% by weight. 9. A) lauric acid soap in an amount of 25 to 60% by weight based on the total amount of the active agent, b) non-lauric soap having an iodine value of 10 to 45 as a residual component of the soap, and c) 5 to 20 in the total amount of the active agent. %) One or more synergistic mildness imparting activators, d) saturated soaps having a carbon chain length of less than 16, and unsaturated soaps,
50 to 70% by weight of the total amount of the active agents, including any synthetic anionic surfactant and a synergistic mildness imparting active agent, e) L: LL (wherein L: = saturated soap having a carbon chain length of less than 16) + Any synthetic anionic surfactant, LL: = unsaturated soap + synergistic mildness imparting active agent) ratio of 0.56:
The bar-shaped soap according to claim 1, wherein the bar-shaped soap is larger than 1. 10. A) producing a pure soap consisting of a non-lauric fatty acid soap having an iodine value of less than 45 and a lauric fatty acid soap, and b) adding the product of step a) to one or more synergistic mildness-providing activators. And at least 5% by weight of the total active agent of a synergistic mildening active agent, and at least 25% by weight of the total active agent of laurate soap.
A blend consisting of 20% by weight of water is prepared, and c) the resulting soap is subjected to conventional kneading, extrusion and stamping steps.
A method for producing a bar soap from pure soap comprising the steps of producing a bar soap over a floor .