JPH08260884A - Rectangular shield excavating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To excavate a tunnel having a rectangular coss section having few irregularities. CONSTITUTION: A plurality of main cutter heads 1A, 1B are displaced in the axial direction at fixed distances, where the main cutter heads 1A, 1B do not interfere mutually, and a plurality of the main cutter heads 1A, 1B are juxtaposed at axial-center distances (h) from a radius to a diameter in the cutter heads 1A, 1B. Auxiliary cutter heads 12 are installed at approximately the central sections of the axial-center distances (h) of the juxtaposed adjacent main cutter heads 1A, 1B. The auxiliary cutter heads 12 are mounted at places, where outer circumferential sections are positioned on approximately the long- side tangent of the outer circumferences of the adjacent main cutter heads. A rocking mechanism rocking the auxiliary cutter heads 12 along the long-side tangent X is set up, and the unexcavated sections of the main cutter heads 1A, 1B are excavated.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rectangular shield machine for excavating a tunnel having a rectangular cross section.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a shield machine has been used as a machine for forming a tunnel in the ground, and normally, a circular shield machine for excavating a tunnel having a circular cross section is often used.

On the other hand, there is also a demand for forming a widened tunnel for forming a road having a plurality of lanes, for example. In the case of excavation by the circular shield excavator in response to such a demand, a plurality of tunnels having a circular cross section are juxtaposed and excavation is performed so that a circular excavation portion overlaps. Excavation of a widened tunnel requires a large overlap allowance, which requires an unnecessarily large shield excavator and an inefficient operation.

For this reason, a single excavator having a circular cross section is moved along a cutter guide by using a shield excavator for excavating a special cross section other than a circular cross section as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 4-14552. For example, there is one that attempts to excavate a horizontal shaft having a rectangular cross section (conventional example 1).

As another conventional technique, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-2 is known.
There is an invention described in Japanese Patent No. 25694, and this invention discloses a method for excavating a tunnel having a widened excavation cross section such as a highway (four-lane), as shown in FIG. Large-diameter cutters 50 are rotatably arranged side by side, a small-diameter cutter 51 is provided between these large-diameter cutters 50, and the cutters 50, 51 are excavated and widened so that the cutting areas overlap with each other. It is intended to excavate a tunnel having a cross-sectional shape (conventional example 2).

[0006]

In the conventional example 1, since a rectangular section is to be excavated with a single cutter, it is difficult to excavate a corner portion into a rectangular shape if the cutter is too large. Therefore, it is necessary to make the cutter relatively small. However, when the cutter is made smaller, the ratio of the cutter in the rectangular cross-section becomes smaller, and it is not possible to retain the mountain at the front of the shield excavator.When excavating soft ground such as soft ground that may collapse when excavating, Is not suitable for use in, for example, a muddy pressurized shield machine and cannot be excavated in a rectangular shape unless it is a self-supporting mountain.

On the other hand, in the above conventional example 2, the large diameter cutter 5 is used.
0 and the small-diameter cutter 51 can excavate a shape close to a rectangle to some extent, but an uneven unexcavated portion 52 remains between the large-diameter cutter 50 and the small-diameter cutter 51, and the unexcavated portion 52 is shielded by a shield machine. Since it is necessary to forcibly excavate in the machine outer portion 53 (hood plate portion) at the time of excavation, the excavation resistance increases and the excavation becomes difficult if the ground is hard ground. Further, even if the excavation is forcibly performed at the machine outer section 53, the machine outer section 53 is worn out early, and the shield excavator itself needs to be replaced early, which is a very inefficient operation requiring cost and time. Therefore, the excavation becomes difficult unless the conventional example 2 is also on soft ground.

In order to reduce the excavation resistance, the outer shell 53 of the shield excavator of the prior art 2 is formed to have substantially the same concavo-convex shape as the shape in which the outer circumferences of the large and small diameter cutters are continuous. In this case, it takes time and money for the manufacture thereof, and after excavation by the shield machine, the uneven unexcavated portion 52 remains.

Therefore, when another rectangular tunnel is to be juxtaposed to a rectangular tunnel formed earlier by such a shield excavator, usually, when the previous tunnel is excavated, a gap between the segment and the ground is usually lost. Because the tunnel is formed by injecting concrete backing material into the tunnel, when digging the tunnel after digging, digging while digging the backing material of the previous tunnel, I want to have both tunnels side by side so that they can be combined with the backing material of the tunnels.

However, if the above-mentioned uneven unexcavated portion 52 remains, a portion that cannot be excavated unless a large allowance for overlap with the previous tunnel remains when excavating the subsequent tunnel is left. Is an inefficient operation with a large polymerization allowance.

Furthermore, when a rectangular tunnel is juxtaposed to form, for example, a road tunnel, the road tunnel is usually excavated up and down with a gradient of about 5%. Unexcavated part 5 with uneven shape like 2
When 2 is left, when excavating the trailing tunnel, a deviation may occur between the concavo-convex shape of the leading tunnel and the concavo-convex shape of the trailing tunnel, and the number of unexcavated portions 52 may further increase. Therefore, in such a case, an inefficient excavation operation with a larger polymerization margin is required. Further, at this time, if the stacking allowance is made too large, there is a possibility that the trailing shield machine will excavate the segment of the preceding tunnel, so a high-level technique is required for the excavation work.

When such rectangular tunnels are juxtaposed, a shield excavator having a large excavation section capable of excavating both sections at once may be manufactured. In this case, for example, the width of the machine is 20 m. Because it becomes a shield excavator with more than
Its production is technically difficult,
Alternatively, there is a problem in assembling, and it is very difficult to realize it uneconomically.

In view of the above problems, the invention according to this application has
One object of the present invention is to provide a rectangular shield machine capable of excavating a rectangular cross section with little unevenness with a cutter head, and a rectangle capable of efficiently digging and juxtaposing a plurality of rectangular tunnels. It is another object to provide a shield machine.

[0014]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rectangular shield machine having a plurality of main cutter heads arranged in front of a shield machine. In a shield excavator provided at a predetermined distance that does not interfere with each other in the axial direction, the plurality of main cutter heads are juxtaposed at an axis center distance equal to or greater than the radius of the main cutter head and equal to or less than the diameter, and the juxtaposed adjacent An auxiliary cutter head is provided substantially at the center of the axial center distance of the main cutter head, and the auxiliary cutter head is provided at a position where the outer peripheral portion is substantially tangent to the outer periphery of the adjacent main cutter head in a long side direction. An unexcavated portion of the main cutter head is excavated by providing a swinging mechanism for swinging the head along the long side tangent line.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided the rectangular shield excavator according to the first aspect, wherein auxiliary cutter heads are provided at both end corners of the main cutter heads arranged side by side, and the auxiliary cutter head has an outer peripheral portion. An unexcavated portion of the main cutter head was provided by providing a swing mechanism for swinging the auxiliary cutter head along the short side direction tangent line at a position substantially on the short side direction tangent line of the outer periphery of the main cutter head. It is characterized by the following.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided the rectangular shield excavator according to the first or second aspect, wherein the auxiliary cutter head is coaxial with a rotation axis of a swing mechanism for swinging the auxiliary cutter head. Is provided with a drive mechanism for turning the.

[0017]

According to the rectangular shield machine according to claims 1 to 3, the front surface of the main cutter head can be excavated by a plurality of main cutter heads axially offset from each other at a predetermined distance so as not to interfere with each other on the front surface of the shield machine. , Provided at approximately the center of the axial center distance of a plurality of adjacent main cutter heads arranged in parallel with an axial center distance greater than or equal to the radius of the main cutter head and less than or equal to the diameter. The auxiliary cutter head, which is provided at a position on the line and is rocked along the long-side tangent line by the rocking mechanism, can excavate the unexcavated part in the central part of the main cutter head. It is possible to excavate in a rectangular shape in which the tangential line in the lateral direction is excavated in a substantially linear shape.

[0018] In particular, according to the rectangular shield machine according to the second aspect, it is provided at both end corners of the main cutter head arranged side by side,
The auxiliary cutter head, which has the outer peripheral portion at a position substantially on the tangent line in the short side direction of the outer periphery of the main cutter head and swings along the tangent line in the short side direction by the swing mechanism, removes the unexcavated portion at both corners of the main cutter head. It can be excavated and can be excavated in a more rectangular shape.

In particular, according to the rectangular shield machine according to the third aspect of the present invention, the driving mechanism for rotating the auxiliary cutter head is provided coaxially with the rotation axis of the swing mechanism for swinging the auxiliary cutter head. The auxiliary cutter head can be driven to rotate without being affected by the swing of the head.

[0020]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the invention according to this application will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 is a front view showing a front surface of the rectangular shield machine, FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a central portion of the shield machine, FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA shown in FIG.
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB shown in FIG. 3.

As shown in the figure, a plurality of main cutter heads 1 are arranged side by side in the front part of the shield machine S, and in this embodiment, the three main cutter heads 1 do not interfere with each other in the central part. The main cutter heads 1A are offset from the main cutter heads 1B on both sides so as to project forward by a predetermined distance v.

Further, these main cutter heads 1A, 1B
Are arranged side by side at an axis center distance h equal to or larger than the radius of the main cutter head and equal to or smaller than the diameter, and the same axis center distance h is set between the main cutter head 1A at the center and the main cutter heads 1B at both ends.
It is provided in. These main cutter heads 1A, 1B
As shown in FIG. 2, a drive shaft 6 is driven by a gear 5 meshed with a pinion 4 driven by a drive unit 3 provided in the shield machine main body 2 to be turned. In addition,
The drive shaft 6 is supported by a seal box 7 and bearings 8 and 9. Further, in this embodiment, the mud pipe 10 and the mud pipe 11
This shows a muddy water system using and. 11a is an agitator.

Auxiliary cutter heads 12 are provided at the corners at both ends of the main cutter head 1B at both ends and at substantially the center of the axial center distance h between the adjacent main cutter heads 1A and 1B. The auxiliary cutter head 12A provided at the center is provided at a position where the outer peripheral portion is substantially on the tangent line X in the long side direction of the outer periphery of the main cutter head 1, and the auxiliary cutter head 12B provided at the corners at both ends is Its outer peripheral portion is substantially tangent Y in the short side direction of the outer periphery of the main cutter head 1B.
It is provided at the upper position.

Further, in the invention according to this application, as shown in the sectional view of FIG. 3, the swinging mechanism W for swinging along the short side direction tangent line Y is provided in the auxiliary cutter head 1B at the corners at both ends. ing. Further, the same mechanism as the swinging mechanism W is also provided in the auxiliary cutter head 12A in the central portion,
The auxiliary cutter head 12A is swung along a long side direction tangent line X. The auxiliary cutter head 12 is shown in the drawing.
The swing mechanism provided in A is omitted. The swinging mechanism W swings the auxiliary cutter head 12A in the left-right direction in the figure and the auxiliary cutter head 12B in the vertical direction in the figure to excavate the unexcavated portions of the plurality of main cutter heads 1A and 1B. It is configured so that a tunnel having a substantially rectangular cross section can be excavated.

These auxiliary cutter heads 12A and 12B
Of the auxiliary cutter heads 12B at both corners,
Details will be described below based on the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 3 and 4.

As shown in FIG. 3, the auxiliary cutter head 12
In B, a drive shaft 13 for transmitting rotational power and a casing 14 supporting the drive shaft 13 are supported by the shield machine main body 2 by rotating pins 15 to which the casing 14 is fixed. The drive shaft 13 is supported by bearings (not shown) provided in the casing 14, and muddy water from the face side into the casing 14 is provided by a seal (not shown) provided between the drive shaft 13 and the casing 14. Intrusion of soil and mud is prevented.

The swinging mechanism W for swinging the auxiliary cutter head 12B is a mechanism for swinging the auxiliary cutter head 12B without affecting the swinging drive of the auxiliary cutter head 12B. In this embodiment, the auxiliary cutter head 12B is supported. The auxiliary cutter head 12B is rocked by rotating the rotating pin 15 which is rotated by a rocking jack 16 provided inside the machine.

In this embodiment, the upper auxiliary cutter head 12B can be rocked by the rocking jack 16 by connecting the casings 14 of the upper and lower auxiliary cutter heads 12B so as to be rockable by rods 17. For example, this swing can swing the lower auxiliary cutter head 12B via the rod 17. Moreover, since the relative positions of the upper and lower auxiliary cutter heads 12B are determined by connecting and driving the upper and lower casings 14 with the rod 17, the auxiliary cutter heads 12B do not interfere with each other when swinging. Can be excavated while rocking in the same direction. If the auxiliary cutter heads 12B are arranged at positions where they do not interfere with each other, or if the rocking cycle of the rocking jack 16 is completely synchronized, the connection by the rod 17 becomes unnecessary.

The drive mechanism M for driving the auxiliary cutter head 12B to rotate is provided with a rotating shaft p of a rotary pin 15 which is the center of the swing of the auxiliary cutter head 12B so that the auxiliary cutter head 12B can be driven to swing even when swinging by the swing jack 16. As shown in FIG. 4, the auxiliary cutter head 1 is provided coaxially.
A bevel gear 19 meshing with a bevel gear 18 provided at the base of the drive shaft 13 of 2B is provided on the rotation axis p, and the bevel gear 19 turns the auxiliary cutter head 12B.
It is configured to be fixed to the output shaft 20a of No. 0 so as to be capable of turning drive. As the driving device 20, for example, a hydraulic motor or an electric motor is used. The output shaft 20a is supported by the above-described casing 14 by bearings 21 provided on the driving machine 20 side and the distal end side, and the casing 14 is provided with the rotating pins provided on the driving machine 20 side and the distal end side. Bearing 2 via rotating pin 15 composed of 15a and 15b
2 is supported by the shield machine main body 2. Also,
A drive arm 16a is fixed to the rotation pin 15a,
The tip of the swing jack 16 is rotatably connected to the tip of the drive arm 16a by a pin 16b.

Further, since the casing 14 is provided on the outside o of the machine and the driving device 20 is provided on the inside i of the machine, a seal 23 is provided between the rotating pins 15a and 15b and the shield machine body 2. Is provided. This seal 23
Thus, intrusion of external water (or muddy water, mud, etc.) into the bearing 22 and the machine interior i is prevented.

The swing mechanism provided on the auxiliary cutter head 12A at the center (not shown) is the same mechanism as the swing mechanism W provided on the auxiliary cutter head 12B at the corners at both ends, and is set at 90 °. Since the angle is changed, the detailed description is omitted.

According to the rectangular shield machine S configured as described above, a rectangular tunnel can be excavated by the following operation.

That is, three main cutter heads 1A and 1B provided on the front surface of the shield machine S excavate the ground at the front without interfering with each other, and the main cutter heads 1A and 1B are not excavated. The part is excavated by the auxiliary cutter heads 12A and 12B provided at the rear. The excavation by the auxiliary cutter heads 12A and 12B is performed by the swing jack 16 together with the normal turning drive in which the power of the drive unit 20 of the drive mechanism M is transmitted from the output shaft 20a to the drive shaft 13 via the bevel gears 19 and 18. As a result, the swinging drive transmitted to the auxiliary cutter head 12 via the swinging arm 16a and the rotating pin 15a causes the swinging drive while swinging, thereby excavating the uncut portion of the main cutter head 1. At this time, even if the rotating pins 15a, 15b rotate, the driving machine 20 itself only rotates around the rotation axis p, so that the power of the driving machine 20 is not affected by the rotation of the rotating pins 15a, 15b. It is always transmitted from the output shaft 20a to the auxiliary cutter head 12 via bevel gears 19 and 18.

The excavation by the main cutter head 1 and the swinging auxiliary cutter head 12 is performed by the main cutter head 1.
It is also possible to excavate the unexcavated portion. Particularly, in this embodiment, since the auxiliary cutter heads 12B are provided also at both corners of the main cutter head 1, it is possible to excavate in a shape closer to a rectangle. Rectangular shield machine S of this embodiment
As shown in the schematic diagram of the excavated tunnel shown in FIG. 5, the tunnel excavated in (1) can be excavated in a smooth arc shape at the corner portion, and at both the long side tangent line X and the short side direction tangent Y. It is possible to excavate almost straight lines with very few unexcavated parts. In addition, especially in hard ground, the excavation resistance when excavating an unexcavated part with the machine outer part during shield excavation is greatly reduced, so it is easy to make a rectangular shape without having to make the machine outer part specially uneven as in the past. A tunnel can be formed. in this way,
The rectangular shield machine S according to this application enables rectangular excavation of hard and soft ground.

As described above, in the related art, even if the cutter is excavated in a shape substantially along the outer circumference of the cutter, the uneven unexcavated portion 52 remains, but in the invention according to the present application, the smoothness as described above is obtained. Since it is possible to excavate almost linearly, as shown in FIG. 5, the excavation locus a excavated by the preceding rectangular shield excavator S (indicated by a two-dot chain line)
In a case where a rectangular tunnel excavator S in the trailing direction is used for excavating a rectangular tunnel side by side with a stacking margin b, for example, even if the rectangular shield excavator S in the trailing direction excavates with a slope, the short side direction tangent Y (Fig. Since 1) can always be overlapped with the excavation locus c (indicated by a solid line) obtained by excavating in a substantially straight line, the backfilling injected into the outer peripheral portion of this segment d without excavating the segment d of the preceding shield machine S A trailing tunnel can be formed by excavating only the material in a substantially straight line. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently arrange tunnels side by side, and to sufficiently join the segment backing materials of the preceding tunnel and the following tunnel, thereby increasing the reliability of joining of the mutual tunnels and sufficiently increasing the tunnel strength. Secured tunnel formation becomes possible.

Further, in this case, the auxiliary cutter head 12B which is swung up to substantially the long side tangent line X of the main cutter head 1 in the above embodiment is further swung so as to further project from the long side direction tangent line X. By moving and excavating, both end corners of the rectangular shape can be further excavated, so that the segment backing material of the leading tunnel and the trailing tunnel can be more sufficiently joined.

If the swinging length is selected to be an appropriate length in the direction of the short-side tangent line Y, the length of the auxiliary cutter head 12B in the short-side direction tangent line Y in the overlapping margin with the existing backing material is selected. When it is not necessary to join over the entire length of the short-side direction tangent line Y in terms of strength or construction, the length of the overlap margin b can be appropriately changed by the swing length. Further, the auxiliary cutter head 12B can be swingable in the direction of the long side tangent line X.

In the above embodiment, the rectangular shield machine S for forming a horizontally long rectangular tunnel has been described as an example.
The rectangular shield tunneling machine S can also form a vertically long rectangular tunnel.

Further, in the above embodiment, the mud type using the mud pipe 10 and the mud pipe 11 for discharging the drilling waste is illustrated, but a mud pressure type shield machine using a screw conveyor or a conveyor etc. Even an open mechanical type shield machine using the same can achieve the same effect.

Further, in the above embodiment, the auxiliary cutter head 1 is used.
2 is provided coaxially with the rotation axis p. However, even if the drive mechanism M is provided in the casing 14 of the auxiliary cutter head 12, the auxiliary cutter head 1
It is possible to perform two turns and a swing at the same time.

[0041]

Since the invention according to this application is configured as described above, it has the following effects.

According to the rectangular shield machine according to the first to third aspects, the front surface of the main cutter head can be excavated by a plurality of main cutter heads arranged in parallel, and the unexcavated portion of the main cutter head has the axial center of the main cutter head. Since it is possible to excavate by the auxiliary cutter head which is provided approximately in the center between and the outer peripheral part swings along the tangent line in the long side direction, the tangent line in the long side direction on the outer periphery of the main cutter head is made substantially linear by these. A rectangular tunnel can be formed while excavating. Moreover, even if the excavated ground is hard, it is possible to excavate the rock almost along the outer contour of the machine, so that it is possible to proceed with less resistance from the unexcavated ground during machine excavation. .

Particularly, according to the rectangular shield excavator according to the second aspect, it is provided at both end corners of the main cutter heads arranged in parallel,
With the auxiliary cutter head that swings the outer peripheral part along the tangent line in the direction of the short side of the outer periphery of the main cutter head, it is possible to excavate unexcavated portions at both end corners of the main cutter head, so that a more rectangular excavation is required. Becomes possible. In addition, when the rectangular tunnels are juxtaposed, the backing material injected into the back side of the segment of the preceding tunnel can be cut almost linearly by the auxiliary cutter head of the following rectangular tunnel excavator, and furthermore, the overlapping polymer Since the margin can be selected to an appropriate length required for strength and construction, tunnels having high reliability can be juxtaposed at the mutual connection.

In particular, according to the rectangular shield machine according to the third aspect, it is possible to easily provide a drive mechanism for turning the auxiliary cutter head inside the machine, and therefore maintenance and inspection are easy and highly reliable. A drive mechanism can be configured.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a front surface of a rectangular shield machine according to the present application.

FIG. 2 is a side sectional view showing a central portion of the rectangular shield machine according to the present application.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the rectangular shield machine shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a BB enlarged cross-sectional view of the rectangular shield machine shown in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an outline of a tunnel excavated by the rectangular shield machine according to this application.

FIG. 6 is a front view showing a front surface of a conventional shield machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Main cutter head 2 ... Shield machine main body 3 ... Drive machine 4 ... Pinion 5 ... Gear 6 ... Drive shaft 7 ... Seal box 8, 9 ... Bearing 10 ... Mud pipe 11 ... Drain pipe 12 ... Auxiliary cutter head 13 ... Drive shaft 14 Casing 15 Rotating pin 16 Oscillating jack 17 Rod 18 19 Bevel gear 20 Drive 21 22 Bearing 23 Seal S Rectangular shield excavator X Long-side tangential line Y Short Side tangent M: Drive mechanism W: Swing mechanism h: Shaft center distance v: Predetermined distance p: Rotating axis o: Outside machine i: Inside machine a: Excavation locus b: Overlap allowance c: Excavation locus d: Segment

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Kozo Sakoi 1-3 1-3 Higashikawasaki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd. Kobe Head Office (72) Inventor Takeshi Nakagawa Hajime Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo 2-27 Kashima Construction Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Takashi Mitsui 1-2-7 Moto-Akasaka, Minato-ku, Tokyo Kashima Construction Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A shield machine wherein a plurality of main cutter heads are juxtaposed in front of a shield machine, and the plurality of main cutter heads are axially shifted by a predetermined distance so as not to interfere with each other. The cutter heads are juxtaposed at an axis center distance equal to or larger than the radius of the main cutter head and equal to or smaller than the diameter, and an auxiliary cutter head is provided substantially at the center of the axis center distance of the adjacent main cutter heads juxtaposed. Is provided at a position where the outer peripheral portion is substantially on the tangent line in the long side direction of the outer periphery of the adjacent main cutter head, and a swing mechanism for swinging the auxiliary cutter head along the long side direction tangent line is provided. A rectangular shield excavator characterized by excavating an unexcavated portion. 2. Auxiliary cutter heads are provided at both end corners of the main cutter heads arranged side by side, and the auxiliary cutter heads are provided at positions where the outer peripheral portions are substantially tangential to the outer periphery of the main cutter heads in the short side direction. 2. A rectangular shield excavator according to claim 1, wherein an unexcavated portion of the main cutter head is excavated by providing an oscillating mechanism for oscillating the cutter head along the tangent line in the short side direction. 3. A rectangle according to claim 1, wherein a drive mechanism for rotating and driving the auxiliary cutter head is provided coaxially with a rotation axis of a swinging mechanism for swinging the auxiliary cutter head. Shield machine.