JPH08256549A - Soil culture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To efficiently conduct a soil culture of a crop by continuously feeding soil with an aqueous fertilizer solution with a fertilizer concentration of a specified level or lower to improve crop quality and yield using a small amount of fertilizer without virtually no environmental pollution and groundwater contamination and also without causing replant failure. CONSTITUTION: A crop is subjected to soil culture by continuously feeding soil with an aqueous fertilizer solution essentially containing a nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, magnesia fertilizer and calcic fertilizer, containing 0.1-30wt.% of lime and having a fertilizer concentration of <=3.5wt.% (pref. 0.02-3.5wt.%). It is preferable that the soil culture be conducted without the addition of any basal fertilizer.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil cultivation method.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in soil cultivation of crops, first, according to the type of crop to be cultivated,
A common method is to add a fertilizer (basic fertilizer) or a soil improving material to the soil, plant a seedling of the crop, and then top-apply the soil appropriately. However, in this method, the type and amount of the fertilizer to be added must be changed for each crop to be cultivated, and a large amount of soil improving material is required, so that preparation for planting requires a great deal of labor. Moreover, even if such fertilizers are added or soil is improved, it is inevitable that continuous cropping failure will occur due to salt accumulation. Further, in some cases, a large amount of basic fertilizer is applied, which causes problems such as root pain of seedlings, poor survival, initial overgrowth, etc., leading to poor growth and a decrease in yield. Furthermore, there is a problem that the basic fertilizer flows out and pollutes the surrounding environment and groundwater.

As a cultivation method for solving such a problem of soil cultivation, a nutrient solution cultivation method in which roots are rooted in water without using soil and necessary nutrients are replenished in the form of an aqueous solution has been put into practical use. . However, this method uses tomato, honey,
While effective for growing limited crops such as roses, most other crops often do not provide the desired yield and quality. Moreover, the equipment is very expensive.

[0004]

As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present inventor has continuously supplied water containing a low concentration of fertilizer to the crop in soil cultivation. In this case, special soil and facilities are not required, the amount of fertilizer used is smaller than that of conventional soil cultivation methods, the surrounding environment and groundwater are significantly less contaminated, and continuous cropping failures due to salt accumulation do not occur. It has been found that the present invention can be applied to all crops, can improve crop quality, and can significantly increase crop yield, and thus completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to a method for soil cultivation, which comprises continuously supplying an aqueous fertilizer solution having a fertilizer concentration of 3.5% by weight or less when cultivating a crop in soil cultivation.

In the present invention, the term "crops" includes all plants that have been conventionally cultivated, and specifically, for example, vegetables,
Examples include fruit trees, flowers, and ornamental plants.

The method of the present invention comprises applying an aqueous fertilizer solution to a crop,
Preferably, it is characterized in that it is continuously supplied to the rhizosphere of the crop.

The term "continuously" as used herein means that a fertilizer aqueous solution having a constant concentration defined above is continuously supplied to a crop planted in soil in a fixed amount within a fixed time. The supply amount is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected from a wide range according to the type of crop, the growth condition, the climatic conditions, etc., but usually about 0.01 to 3.5 liters per crop plant per day Good. The daily required amount may be continuously supplied at once, or may be divided into several times and continuously supplied.

The method of the present invention does not require soil preparation depending on the crop, and can be carried out on general soil. Although basic fertilizer can be added to the soil, it is preferable not to add it. By adding no fertilizer, it is possible to improve the quality of crops or increase the yield of crops while reducing the amount of fertilizer used.

As the fertilizer used in the present invention, known fertilizers can be widely adopted, but water-soluble fertilizers are preferable, and examples thereof include nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, magnesia fertilizers and calcareous fertilizers. To be Specific examples of the nitrogenous fertilizer include ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, sodium ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, lime nitrate, urea, magnesium nitrate, liquid auxiliary acid nitrogen, liquid nitrogen and the like. Specific examples of the phosphate fertilizer include lime superphosphate, lime superphosphate, ferric acid fertilizer, magnesium phosphate, and by-product phosphoric acid. Specific examples of the potassium fertilizer include, for example, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate magnesia, potassium bicarbonate, potassium corrosive acid, crude potassium salt, coated potassium, liquid potassium silicate, by-product potassium, mixed potassium and the like. . Further, in the present invention, a commercially available liquid compound fertilizer, a compound fertilizer, a compound fertilizer for home gardening, etc., which comprehensively contains at least two kinds of these nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potassium fertilizers and the like may be used. . Further, specific examples of the magnesia fertilizer include magnesia sulphate, magnesia caustic acid, acetic acid magnesia, processed magnesia fertilizer, lignin magnesia fertilizer, mixed magnesia fertilizer, nitric acid magnesia and the like. Specific examples of calcareous fertilizers include calcium nitrate and calcium chloride.

Further, the fertilizers used in the present invention include organic fertilizers (animal and plant substances), siliceous fertilizers (containing silicic acid and alkali as main components), and manganese fertilizers (containing manganese as main components). ), A boron fertilizer (having boron as a main component), a trace element compound fertilizer (having manganese and boron as a main component), and the like.

The above-mentioned various fertilizers may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potash fertilizers, magnesia fertilizers and calcareous fertilizers are essential components, and those with a high lime content (usually about 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 10% by weight) %) Is preferable. By applying this fertilizer to the method of the present invention, the yield of crops can be significantly increased. Examples of commercially available fertilizers include Otsuka F series (trade name, manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd.).

The fertilizer concentration of the fertilizer aqueous solution should be 3.5% by weight or less. Within this range, for example, the type of crop and the degree of growth,
It may be appropriately selected according to various conditions such as the season (temperature, rainfall, sunshine duration, etc.). The use of a fertilizer aqueous solution having a concentration of more than 3.5% by weight is not preferable because it may cause poor growth of the crop due to root pain or the like, resulting in a decrease in the yield and further contaminating the surrounding environment. The fertilizer concentration is 0.0
2 to 3.5% by weight is preferable, and 0.3 to
More preferably, it is about 0.1% by weight.

The fertilizer aqueous solution used in the present invention contains, if necessary, a known pesticide, preferably one or two of water-soluble pesticides.
More than one species may be included.

To continuously supply the fertilizer aqueous solution to the crop, for example, a circulating water supply pipe is connected to a tank for storing the fertilizer aqueous solution, and a quantitative pump or computer control
It suffices to control the supply amount of the fertilizer aqueous solution. At this time, the water supply pipe is usually installed along the position where the crop is planted. Further, the water supply pipe is provided with an appropriate number of water supply holes at appropriate positions. Alternatively, the fertilizer aqueous solution can be sprayed in a fixed amount by a sprayer or manually.

[0016]

[Effect of the Invention] According to the soil cultivation method of the present invention, it is not necessary to use special soil or facilities, and the amount of fertilizer used is smaller than that of the conventional soil cultivation method. No work is required (labor saving), there is almost no pollution of the surrounding environment or groundwater, continuous cropping does not occur, it can be applied to virtually all crops, improving the quality of crops and significantly increasing the yield of crops. Can be increased.

[0017]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples below.

Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 Facility: glass greenhouse, isolation bed (drain bed, 1
m ² ) Product: Tomato (cultivar name; House Momotaro) Cultivation method: 5-step core cultivation Cultivating period: December 10, 1991 Transplanting period: December 25, 1991 (using 12 cm plastic pot) Planting period: February 5, 1992 (4 plants / m ² planted) Soil: Volcanic ash soil (thick multi-humor chamber Kuroboku soil, Akai Osamu) was used. Furthermore, the following soil improvement materials were added.

MS-P 2 kg / m ² Magnesium carbonate lime 0.1 kg / m ² BM Magnesium heavy burnt phosphorus 0.1 kg / m ² Biomother No. 2 0.1 kg / m ² Fertilizer used: shown in Table 1 below . OK-F-1 and OK-F
-9 is the trade name of a commercial fertilizer manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd. CDUS55 is a trade name of a commercial granular fertilizer sold by Chisso Asahi Co., Ltd. Table 1 shows the main components of each commercially available fertilizer.

[0020]

[Table 1]

Fertilization process and amount of fertilizer application: As shown in Table 2 below. In addition, in Example 1, February 5, 1992-4
On the 25th of the month, a 0.1 wt% aqueous solution of OK-F-9 was used,
From April 26 to May 15, 1992, OK-F-1 0.
A 2 wt% aqueous solution was used.

[0022]

[Table 2]

Yield: The yield per strain is shown in Table 3 below.

[0024]

[Table 3]

Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 Cultivated crops: cucumber (variety name: Sharp 7) District system / area: 1 ward 0.4 ares Planting date: January 27 and 28, 1994 Planting number: 1 are Planted at a rate of 130 plants per harvest Harvest period: March 1 to June 23, 1994 Soil type: Sandy soil Basic fertilizer and soil improvement material (per 1 are): Shown in Table 4 below.

[0026]

[Table 4]

Topdressing: Shown in Table 5 below.

[0028]

[Table 5]

Here, OK-F-5 is a trade name of a commercial fertilizer manufactured by Otsuka Chemical Co., Ltd., and Hiplus is a trade name of a commercial liquid fertilizer manufactured by Shinto Chemical Co., Ltd. The main components are as shown in Table 6 below.

[0030]

[Table 6]

Yield survey: March 1, 1992-June 23
The amount of harvest (k
g) was investigated and the results were converted to obtain the total yield per 10 ares. Since there are a total of 1300 strains, conversion was performed according to the calculation formula of the yield of 10 strains × 130. The results are shown in Table 7 below.

[0032]

[Table 7]

Example 3 and Comparative Example 3 Cultivated crop: celery Division / area: Example 3; 2.0 ares, Comparative Example 3;
5A Planting date: December 6, 1993 Planting density: 135 cm ridge width, 35 cm between plants, two-row staggered planting Harvest period: March 10, 1994 Soil type: sandy soil Continuous crop period: 15 years Previous crop: tomato Fertilization amount: shown in Table 8 below. OK-F-3 has a concentration of 0.1
% Fertilizer as an aqueous solution.

[0034]

[Table 8]

Yield: The yield was examined by the number of cases. The results are shown in Table 9 below. The total yield is 72 in Example 3.
50 kg and Comparative Example 3 were 5630 kg.

[0036]

[Table 9]

From Table 9, it can be seen that by applying the method of the present invention, a significantly larger yield can be obtained and the quality is superior to the conventional method.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A method for soil cultivation, which comprises continuously supplying an aqueous fertilizer solution having a fertilizer concentration of 3.5% by weight or less when cultivating a crop in soil cultivation. 2. The soil culture method according to claim 1, wherein no basic fertilizer is added. 3. The soil cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer concentration is 0.02 to 3.5% by weight. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer contains nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, magnesia fertilizer and calcareous fertilizer as essential components, and has a lime content of 0.1 to 30% by weight. Cultivation method.