JPH0824491B2 - Greenhouse structure - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a greenhouse structure for growing plants.

"Prior Art" In general, greenhouses are used for the purpose of cultivating plants in warm regions, or for plants to bloom and set during periods other than normal season, because the temperature inside the greenhouse can be kept higher than the outside air.

Conventionally, as this type of greenhouse, a configuration is known in which a plant growing space is covered with a shielding material made of a vinyl or glass plate.

These greenhouses can warm the room by solar heat, and the shielding material can keep the temperature inside the room higher than the outside by keeping the room air and the outside air warm.

"Problems to be solved by the invention" However, in these greenhouses, the temperature inside the room is kept higher than the outside air, so that an environment suitable for growing plants can be formed, but there are the following problems to be solved. is there.

In other words, in these greenhouses, indoor air and outside air are separated in order to keep heat loss low, so it is difficult to replenish specific air components consumed by plants and to exhaust specific gases emitted by plants. However, there is a problem that the environment for growing plants is deteriorated due to the lack of air components required for plant growth or the concentration of specific gas that hinders plant growth.

Further, when the air in the greenhouse is replaced with the outside air to some extent to adjust the air component, there is a problem that the heat loss becomes large.

"Means for Solving Problems" The present invention relates to a greenhouse structure in which a plant-growing space is covered with a shielding material, and a part or all of the shielding material is a gas separation that selectively permeates only a specific gas. On both sides of the membrane,
It is characterized by using a composite film formed by laminating an ultraviolet ray cut film that transmits all gases and shields ultraviolet rays.

"Embodiment" FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are views showing a first embodiment of the present invention.

The greenhouse structure shown in these figures is one in which the composite membrane 1 is assembled in a dome shape so that a plant growing space is formed inside.

The composite membrane 1 consists of an ultraviolet cut membrane 3 on both sides of a gas separation membrane 2.
Is attached.

The gas separation membrane 2 separates gases without phase transition, and is a porous membrane that separates due to the difference in diffusion rate of each gas, or a non-separating membrane that separates due to the difference in solubility in the membrane. It is like a porous membrane.

Examples of the gas separation membrane 2 include a facilitated transport membrane, a plasma polymerization membrane, a separation membrane, a polysulfone membrane, a polysilicon membrane, a polyimide membrane, and a non-porous membrane formed by adding polyethylene glycol to polyacrylate.

The ultraviolet cut film 3 is a transparent porous film having an ultraviolet blocking effect, and allows all gases to pass through the same and does not pass ultraviolet light, and protects the gas separation film 2.

Examples of the UV cut film 3 include Lumirror or Lumicool (both are trade names) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.

In this greenhouse structure, by using the gas separation membrane 2 that selectively permeates only a specific gas, air components other than the specific gas are prevented from flowing out of the greenhouse or into the room temperature to reduce heat loss. It can be kept low. Further, since the ultraviolet ray blocking film 3 is laminated on both sides of the gas separation film 2,
The gas separation membrane 2 can be protected from ultraviolet rays and deterioration can be prevented. Of course, since the ultraviolet ray cut film 3 is permeable to not only the specific gas but all gases, the provision of the ultraviolet ray cut film 3 does not hinder the transmission of the specific gas.

As the gas separation membrane 2, when a membrane obtained by impregnating a fluorine membrane into a polysilicon membrane / facilitated transport membrane / polysulfone membrane or incorporating it into a molecular chain as a base is used, the greenhouse structure is
Nitrogen consumed by the plant flows in the direction A by using the nitrogen concentration difference between the both ends of the gas separation membrane 2 as a driving force, so that the growth failure of the plant due to lack of nitrogen can be prevented.

Further, when a liquid membrane obtained by impregnating a porous hydrophilic polymer membrane with AgNO ₃ is used as the gas separation membrane 2, the greenhouse structure is such that ethylene produced by plants is concentrated in ethylene at both ends of the gas separation membrane 2. The difference can be used as a driving force to discharge in the B direction to reduce the ethylene concentration that suppresses flower bud formation, and promote flowering of plants.

When a non-porous membrane formed by adding polyethylene glycol to polyacrylic acid ester is used as the gas separation membrane 2, the greenhouse structure has a carbon dioxide concentration at both ends of the carbon dioxide consumed by plants. The difference can be used as a driving force to flow in the direction A to promote photosynthesis of plants.

 FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

The greenhouse structure shown in this figure is constructed by assembling the composite film 1 and the shielding material 4 in a box shape so that a plant growing space is formed inside, and the side surface is the composite film 1 and the upper surface is the shielding material 4. It will be. In this case, a penetrating portion 5 is formed on a part of the peripheral wall, and a fan 6 that is rotated by a drive source (not shown) is attached to the penetrating portion 5.

The composite film 3 has the same structure as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG.

The shielding member 4 is made of a transparent glass plate, separates indoor air from outside air, and keeps solar heat.

The fan 6 is capable of discharging the air inside the greenhouse when it is rotated in the forward direction and taking in outside air into the greenhouse when it is rotated in the reverse direction.

This greenhouse structure uses a combination of a gas separation membrane 2 and a fan 6 that selectively permeate only a specific gas, so that the fan 6
When the internal air is discharged in the C direction, the internal pressure decreases, and the specific gas D
The specific pressure of the specific gas can be increased from the outside, and when the outside air is taken in by the fan 6 in the E direction, the internal pressure rises and the pressure difference across the gas separation membrane 2 causes the specific gas to flow in the F direction. It is possible to prevent the concentration of the specific gas from becoming higher than that of the outside air.

Further, in this greenhouse structure, since the fan 6 is used, the heat loss is slightly increased, but the heat loss can be supplemented by using the shielding material 4 having a high heat insulating function on the roof.

"Effect of the Invention" According to the greenhouse structure of the present invention, ultraviolet rays that allow all gases to pass through and shield ultraviolet rays on both sides of a gas separation membrane that selectively allows only a specific gas to partially or entirely pass through the shielding material. Since a composite film made by stacking cut films was used,
The specific gas can be replenished or discharged, and the air components in the greenhouse can be brought into a state suitable for growing plants. Moreover, since the inflow and outflow of the air component other than the specific gas is prevented, the heat loss can be suppressed to be low as compared with the case where the entire air is replaced. In addition, the ultraviolet ray cut film can protect the gas separation membrane from ultraviolet rays and prevent its deterioration, and the ultraviolet ray cut film allows all gases to pass therethrough. Nothing.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 and 2 are views showing a first embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a room temperature structure, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a composite film. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a second embodiment of the present invention and is a schematic configuration diagram of a greenhouse structure. 1 ... Composite membrane, 2 ... Gas separation membrane, 3 ... UV cut membrane.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a greenhouse structure in which a plant growing space is covered with a shielding material, a part or all of the shielding material is provided on both sides of a gas separation membrane that selectively permeates only a specific gas.
A greenhouse structure characterized by using a composite film formed by laminating an ultraviolet cut film that transmits all gases and blocks ultraviolet rays.