JPH08211816A - Color image forming device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To perform easy maintenance of a cartridge integrally housing each process equipment including a photoreceptor drum, an image exposure optical system and the like by making loading/unloading of the cartridge easy. CONSTITUTION: A color image forming device is constructed in a manner that each toner housing canister 40 provided in the upper portion of a cartridge 30 is supported on the opened/closed upper cap A of a device main body, engagement between a guide pin P and a guide rail R is released by moving, opening the upper cap A, the cartridge 30 in a direction orthogonally crossing the axial direction of the rotational center of a photoreceptor 10, that is, upward in the drawing, by engagement guiding of a guide pin P1 and a guide rail G and the feeding surface of a transfer material including the transfer area of an image is opened wide at the same time when the cartridge 30 is taken out of the device main body.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention has a plurality of charging means, image exposing means and developing means arranged on the peripheral surface of an image forming body.
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic color image forming apparatus that forms a color image by superimposing toner images during one rotation of an image forming body.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As an apparatus for recording a multicolor image, the same number of charging means, image exposing means and developing means as the types of colors required for image formation are arranged around the image forming body.
A color image in which charging, image exposure, and development for each color are sequentially performed while the image forming body makes one round, and the toner images are superposed to form a color toner image, which are collectively transferred onto a transfer material. Forming devices are known.

In such an apparatus, since the formation of the toner image of each color is continuously started with a slight time difference, the speed of color image formation is high, and a color image larger than the length of the peripheral surface of the image forming body is formed. It also has the feature that it can be formed.

[0004]

However, in such an image forming apparatus, a plurality of the above-mentioned charging means, image exposing means, developing means and the like are arranged on the peripheral surface of the image forming body, so that the apparatus is small in size. However, since the respective equipments come close to each other and the configuration becomes complicated, there is a problem in maintenance management that a lot of labor and time are required for maintenance work such as jam clearance, cleaning and replacement. .

The present invention has been made as a result of improving this invention by solving this problem. By unitizing each of the above-mentioned equipments together with an image forming body, it is possible to easily carry out jam processing and maintenance work of the equipments. The purpose is to provide a color image forming apparatus.

[0006]

A plurality of charging means, image exposing means and developing means are provided on the peripheral surface of an image forming body, and the charging and image exposing are performed during one rotation of the image forming body. And development is repeated to form toner images in a superimposed manner,
In a color image forming apparatus that collectively transfers the toner images onto a transfer material, the image exposing unit is integrated with a common support, and is orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotation center of the image forming body together with the image forming body. A color image forming apparatus (first invention), which is detachable from the main body of the apparatus, and a plurality of charging means, image exposing means and developing means are provided on the peripheral surface of the image forming body. In the color image forming apparatus, the color image forming apparatus is provided, wherein the toner image is superimposed and formed by repeating charging, image exposure and development during one rotation of the image forming body, and then the toner images are collectively transferred to a transfer material. The plurality of developing units are arranged at left and right symmetrical positions on a horizontal plane including the center of rotation of the forming body and a parallel plane above or below the horizontal plane, and are movable upward together with the image forming body, respectively. A plurality of color image forming apparatuses (second invention) are characterized in that the driven side gears provided in the developing means and the drive gears on the apparatus main body side are simultaneously engaged or disengaged, and a plurality of them are provided on the peripheral surface of the image forming body. A charging unit, an image exposing unit, and a developing unit are provided, and charging, image exposing, and developing are repeated during one rotation of the image forming body to form toner images by superposition, and then the toner images are collectively formed on a transfer material. In the color image forming apparatus for transferring the image, the image exposing unit is integrated with a common support, and is movable with the image forming body in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotation center of the image forming body. A color image forming apparatus (third invention), wherein the image forming body is attached to and detached from a common support that integrates the image exposing means at a moving position in an axial direction of a rotation center of the image forming body, and Image formation A plurality of charging means, an image exposing means and a developing means are respectively provided on the peripheral surface of the toner, and the charging, the image exposing and the developing are repeated during one rotation of the image forming body to form the toner images in a superposed manner. In a color image forming apparatus that collectively transfers toner images onto a transfer material, the image exposing means is integrated with a common support and is orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotation center of the image forming body together with the image forming body. A color image forming apparatus (fourth invention) which is movable in any direction and cleans or replaces any one of the charging unit, the image exposing unit, the developing unit and the cleaning unit at the moving position. It

[0007]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Prior to the description of each embodiment of the present invention, the structure and function of a color image forming apparatus common to each invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a color image forming apparatus of the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a drum-shaped image forming body, that is, a photosensitive drum, and a transparent conductive layer, an organic photosensitive body (OP)
It has a photosensitive layer made of C) or α-Si. A flange of one end of the photosensitive drum 10 is bearing-supported by a guide pin, and a flange of the other end is externally fitted to a plurality of guide rollers provided on a substrate of the apparatus main body so that an outer peripheral gear meshes with a drive gear. Then, the motive power causes the transparent conductive layer to rotate clockwise while being grounded.

11 (Y), 11 (M), 11 (C) and 11
(K) is a charger that is a charging means used in the image forming process of each color of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (K), and is the above-described organic photoconductor of the photoconductor drum 10. The layer is charged by a grid held at a predetermined potential and a corona discharge by a wire-shaped electrode to give a uniform potential to the photosensitive drum 10.

12 (Y), 12 (M), 12 (C) and 12
(K) is an LED, F arranged in the axial direction of the photoconductor drum 10.
In an exposure optical system which is an image exposure means composed of light emitting elements such as L, EL and PL and imaging elements such as SELFOC lenses, image signals of respective colors read by a separate image reading device are sequentially read from a memory. It is taken out and inputted as an electric signal to each of the exposure optical systems 12 (Y), 12 (M), 12 (C) and 12 (K). Each of the exposure optical systems 12 (Y), 12 (M), 12 (C) and
12 (K) are all attached to a cylindrical support member 20 that is a common support fixed to the inner surface of the cartridge described later, and are housed inside the base of the photosensitive drum 10. The exposure optical system 12 can also be composed of a combination of the above light emitting element with an optical shutter member such as LCD, LISA, PLZT, and an image forming element such as a SELFOC lens.

13 (Y) to 13 (K) are yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C) and black (K).
The developing device, which is a developing means for accommodating each developer, includes a developing sleeve 130 that rotates in the same direction with a predetermined gap from the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 10. Each of the developing devices 13 is equipped with a pressing device (not shown), and the abutting member at the axial end of the developing sleeve 130 is connected to the photosensitive drum 10.
The outer peripheral surface of the drum is pressed against the outside of the image forming area, and a predetermined amount (0.2 mm to 1.0 m) is applied between the developing sleeve 130 and the peripheral surface of the drum.
m) Set the gap amount.

Each of the developing devices 13 (Y), 13 (M), 13 described above
(C) and 13 (K) are the chargers 11 (Y) and 11 described above.
(M), 11 (C), and 11 (K) charging, photoconductor drum 10 formed by image exposure by exposure optical system 12 (Y), 12 (M), 12 (C) and 12 (K) The above electrostatic latent image is reversely developed by a non-contact phenomenon method under application of a developing bias voltage.

In an image reading apparatus separate from the present apparatus, image data obtained by reading an original image with an image pickup device or image data edited by a computer is processed and each color of Y, M, C and K is processed. It is once stored and stored in the memory as another image signal.

By the start of image recording, the photoconductor drive motor is started to rotate the photoconductor drum 10 clockwise.
At the same time, application of electric potential to the photoconductor drum 10 is started by the charging action of the charging device 11Y.

After a potential is applied to the photosensitive layer of the photosensitive drum 10, the exposure optical system 12 (Y) performs image exposure with an electric signal corresponding to a first color signal, that is, a yellow (Y) image signal. The electrostatic latent image corresponding to the yellow (Y) image of the original image is formed on the photosensitive layer on the surface of the photosensitive drum 10 by sub-scanning by the rotation of the photosensitive drum 10.

The latent image is reversely developed by the developing device 13 (Y) with the developer on the developing sleeve in a non-contact state to form a yellow (Y) toner image in accordance with the rotation of the photosensitive drum 10.

Then, the photosensitive drum 10 is further given a potential on the yellow (Y) toner image by the charging action of the charging device 11 (M), and the second image of the exposure optical system 12 (M).
Image signal is performed by an electric signal corresponding to the color signal of, i.e., the magenta (M) image signal, and non-contact reversal development by the developing device 13 (M) causes magenta () on the yellow (Y) toner image. The toner images of M) are sequentially superposed and formed.

By the same process, the charging device 11 (C),
A cyan (C) toner image corresponding to the third color signal is further generated by the exposure optical system 12 (C) and the developing device 13 (C).
Finally, the charging device 11 (K), the exposure optical system 12 (K), and the developing device 13 (K) sequentially form a black (K) toner image corresponding to the fourth color signal so that the photosensitive member is formed. A color toner image is formed on the peripheral surface of the drum 10 within one rotation.

Photoreceptor drum by each of these exposure optical systems 12
Image exposure of the photosensitive layer 10 is performed from the inside of the photoconductor drum 10 through the transparent substrate. Therefore, the exposure of the image corresponding to the second, third, and fourth color signals is performed in a state in which none of the toner images previously formed is transmitted, and is equivalent to the image corresponding to the first color signal. It is possible to form an electrostatic latent image of. Each exposure optical system 12 (Y)
In order to stabilize the temperature inside the photoconductor drum 10 and prevent the temperature rise due to the heat generation of 12 (K), a material having a good thermal conductivity is used for the supporting member 20, a heater is used for low temperature, and a high temperature is used for high temperature. Can be controlled to the extent that it does not interfere by taking measures such as radiating heat to the outside through a heat pipe. Further, in the developing action by each developing device, a developing bias voltage in which direct current or further alternating current is applied to the developing sleeve 10 is applied, and jumping development is performed by the one-component or two-component developer accommodated in the developing device. Non-contact reversal development is performed on the photosensitive drum 10 whose transparent conductive layer is grounded.

The color toner image thus formed on the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum 10 is a transfer material which is a transfer material which is conveyed from the paper feed cassette 15 in the transfer device 14A and is fed in synchronization with the driving of the timing roller 16. Transferred to paper.

The transfer paper on which the toner image has been transferred is separated by a separator.
In 14B, the charge is removed, and the toner is separated from the peripheral surface of the drum. After the toner is fused in the fixing device 17, the toner is ejected onto the tray 200 at the upper part of the device via the paper ejection roller 18.

On the other hand, the photosensitive drum 10 from which the transfer paper has been separated removes and cleans the residual toner in the cleaning device 19 to continue the formation of the toner image of the original image, or temporarily stops the toner of the new original image. Wait for image formation.

Starting from the photosensitive drum 10, each charger 11,
Each developing device 13 and cleaning device 19 includes a cartridge 30.
And is integrally housed in the main body of the apparatus.

On the other hand, each of the exposure optical systems 12 is also integrated with the supporting member 20 as a common supporting body, is supported and accommodated in the cartridge 30, and is attached to and detached from the apparatus main body together with the photosensitive drum 10. To be done.

Further, on the upper portion of the cartridge 30, there are toner storage containers 40 (Y), 40 (M), 40 (C) and 40.
(K) is accommodated and connected to each developing device 13 to which toner is to be replenished via a toner replenishing pipe 41.

According to the present invention, each exposure optical system 12 as shown in FIG. 1 is exposed outside the color image forming apparatus in which the exposure optical system 12 is installed inside the photosensitive drum 10. The ring-shaped support member 20A installed on the outer periphery of the body drum 10 is held as a common support body, and the opaque photoreceptor drum 10 is held.
On the other hand, it is also applied to a color image forming apparatus of a type in which image exposure is performed from the outside.

(Embodiment 1) An embodiment of the first invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

As shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 3, the cartridge 30 is in a state where the guide pins P1 provided on both side surfaces are engaged with the guide rails G provided in the main body of the apparatus and the front, rear, left and right positions are regulated. , The bottom surface is brought into contact with the stop pin P2, and the predetermined image forming position is set.

The cartridge 30 has a structure in which the main body of the apparatus can be opened and closed by the upper lid A.
Is moved in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotation center of the photoconductor drum 10, that is, in the direction shown by the arrow in the figure, to disengage the guide pin P1 from the guide rail G, and from the moving position shown by the solid line, the main body of the apparatus. The cartridge 30 can be further removed, and the cartridge 30 can be attached to the apparatus body again.

When the cartridge 30 is removed from the main body of the apparatus, the toner replenishing pipes 41 described above are removed in order to disconnect the toner storage containers 40 from the developing devices 13. By removing the cartridge 30 from the main body of the apparatus, the transfer paper transporting surface including the image transfer area can be opened widely for maintenance such as jam paper processing, and the photoconductor drum 10 can be separated from each exposure system 12. Then, the optical system can be cleaned and replaced. FIG. 4 is a development view of the cartridge 30, which shows a support member 20 for supporting each exposure optical system 12.
Is fixed to the inside of the cartridge 30 by tightening a screw member 21 from the back side, the front end of the photosensitive drum 10 is provided on the shaft portion 22 on the front surface of the support member 20, and the rear end is provided inside the cartridge 30. Each of the guide rollers R is externally fitted and rotatably supported.

Therefore, the photosensitive drum 10 is the cartridge 30.
By removing the front cover 30A, it is taken out from the inside and separated from each of the exposure optical systems 12. When taking out the photoconductor drum 10, each developing device 13 is released from the peripheral surface of the drum by releasing the pressing action of the abutting member by the above-mentioned pressing device, and the photoconductor drum 10 is damaged thereby. The cartridge 30 can be safely attached / detached without performing.

Further, a stop member for temporarily stopping the cartridge 30 at a moving position in the apparatus main body is provided, and when the cartridge 30 is pulled out upward, it is temporarily stopped and the cartridge 30 is removed from the stop position or the photosensitive drum 10 is pulled out. It can also be configured to take out.

As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus main body is provided with a pedestal 50 that moves up and down in parallel by the support of a pair of front and rear arms 51, and the cartridge 30 is placed and accommodated on the pedestal 50. The position is regulated.

That is, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line, the pedestal 50 is at the lower position and the arm 51 is the locking member.
In the state of being locked by 52, the cartridge 30 is in contact with the stop pin P2 and is set at a predetermined image forming position. However, when the lock member 52 is operated and retracted in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, The cartridge is biased by the torsion spring 53.
30 moves upward and the arm 51 moves to the stop pin P3.
Is stopped at the position where it abuts against.

The cartridge 30 can be detached from the main body of the apparatus by taking it out of the mount 50 at the above-mentioned moving position, and after detaching the photosensitive drum 10 from each exposure optical system 12 as previously described with reference to FIG. You can take it out.

Therefore, as in the case of the apparatus main body described above with reference to FIG. 3, maintenance work such as processing of jammed paper and cleaning and replacement of each exposure optical system 12 can be easily performed.

(Embodiment 2) An embodiment of the second invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 6, and 7. The cartridge 30
As shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 3, the bottom surface abuts on the stop pin P2 in a state where the guide pins P1 provided on both side surfaces are engaged with the guide rails G of the apparatus body and the front, rear, left and right positions are restricted. In contact with each other, the image forming position is set.

The cartridge 30 has a structure in which the main body of the apparatus can be opened and closed by the upper lid A.
Is moved in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the center of rotation of the photoconductor drum 10, that is, in the direction of the arrow in the drawing to release the engagement between the guide pin P1 and the guide rail G, and from the moving position indicated by the solid line, the apparatus main body. The cartridge 30 can be further removed, and the cartridge 30 can be attached to the apparatus body again.

When the cartridge 30 is removed from the apparatus main body, the above-mentioned toner supply pipes 41 are removed in order to release the connection of each toner storage container 40 to each developing device 13.

By removing the cartridge 30 from the main body of the apparatus, the conveyance surface of the transfer paper including the image transfer area can be widely opened to allow maintenance such as processing of jammed paper. Separated by 12, the optical system can be cleaned and replaced.

As shown in FIG. 6, the developing device 13 (Y)
13 (K) is a horizontal plane including the rotation center 10A of the photosensitive drum 10.
I, and the developing devices 13 (M) and 13 (C) on the parallel plane II, which is located at a slight distance above the horizontal plane I, relative to the symmetrical positions of the photoconductor drum 10, respectively. The developing devices 13 are arranged so as to be out of phase with each other in plan view.

In each of the developing devices 13, each gear G1 on the driven side for transmitting the rotation to each developing device sleeve 130 is projected to the back surface of the cartridge 30, while the photosensitive drum 10 is connected to the large gear G10 at the rear end of the drum. A gear G2 on the driven side that meshes is similarly projected to the back surface of the cartridge 30.

The above-mentioned gears G1 and G2 are different in plane from each other by arranging the layout of the developing device 13 and the gear G2 just below or near the drum, so that the phases of the gears G1 and G2 are different from each other in plan view. When the gear 30 is mounted, the gear G3 or G4 on the drive side of the main body of the apparatus is engaged with the gear 30 from above so that the gears G1 and G2 on the driven side do not interfere at the same time when the cartridge 30 is attached and detached. The gears G3 and G4 on the driving side can be meshed with each other and released from meshing at the same time.

Therefore, each developing device 13 and the photoconductor drum 10
Means that the drive system is automatically connected and disconnected by the attachment / detachment operation of the cartridge 30 to / from the apparatus main body.
By providing an outlet (not shown) between the connector and the connector 30, the work can be significantly reduced and simplified because maintenance work can be performed.

(Embodiment 3) An embodiment of the third invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

The main body of the apparatus allows the cartridge 30 to move upward by opening the upper lid A, and each toner storage container 40 is retracted to the upper portion when the upper lid A is opened.

As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus main body is provided with a pedestal 50 that moves up and down in parallel by the support of a pair of front and rear arms 51, and the cartridge 30 is placed and accommodated on the pedestal 50. The position is regulated.

That is, as shown by the alternate long and short dash line, the gantry 50 is at the lower position, and the arm 51 is the locking member.
In the state of being locked by 52, the cartridge 30 is in contact with the stop pin P2 and is set at a predetermined image forming position. However, when the lock member 52 is operated and retracted in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, The cartridge is biased by the torsion spring 53.
30 moves upward and the arm 51 moves to the stop pin P3.
Is stopped at the position where it abuts against.

In the state where the cartridge 30 is stopped at the above-mentioned moving position, the conveyance surface of the transfer paper including the image transfer area is widely opened to enable maintenance such as processing of jammed paper. The optical system 10 can be cleaned and replaced by pulling 10 out in the axial direction of the rotation center and separating it from each exposure optical system 12.

FIG. 4 is a developed view of the cartridge 30, in which the support member 20 for supporting each exposure optical system 12 is fixed inside the cartridge 30 by tightening a screw member 21 from the back side, A front end of the drum 10 is externally fitted to a shaft portion 22 on the front surface of the support member 20 and a rear end thereof is externally fitted to a plurality of guide rollers R provided inside the cartridge 30, and is rotatably supported.

Therefore, the photosensitive drum 10 is the cartridge 30.
By removing the front cover 30A, it is taken out from the inside and separated from each of the exposure optical systems 12. When taking out the photoconductor drum 10, each developing device 13 is retracted to a position separated from the drum circumferential surface by releasing the pressure contact action of the abutting member by the above-mentioned pressing device, whereby the photoconductor drum 10 is It is safely attached to and detached from the cartridge 30 without being damaged.

(Embodiment 4) An embodiment of the fourth invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 8.

As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus main body is provided with a pedestal 50 that moves up and down in parallel by the support of a pair of front and rear arms 51, and the cartridge 30 is placed and accommodated on the pedestal 50. The position is regulated.

That is, as indicated by the alternate long and short dash line, the pedestal 50 is at the lower position and the arm 51 is the locking member.
In the state of being locked by 52, the cartridge 30 is in contact with the stop pin P2 and is set at a predetermined image forming position. However, when the lock member 52 is operated and retracted in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface, The cartridge is biased by the torsion spring 53.
30 moves upward and the arm 51 moves to the stop pin P3.
Is stopped at the position where it abuts against.

FIG. 4 is a developed view of the cartridge 30, in which the support member 20 for supporting each exposure optical system 12 is fixed inside the cartridge 30 by tightening a screw member 21 from the rear surface, A front end of the drum 10 is externally fitted to a shaft portion 22 on the front surface of the support member 20 and a rear end thereof is externally fitted to a plurality of guide rollers R provided inside the cartridge 30, and is rotatably supported.

Therefore, the photosensitive drum 10 is the cartridge 30.
By removing the front cover 30A, it is taken out from the inside and separated from each of the exposure optical systems 12. When taking out the photoconductor drum 10, each developing device 13 is retracted to a position separated from the drum circumferential surface by releasing the pressure contact action of the abutting member by the above-mentioned pressing device, whereby the photoconductor drum 10 is It is safely attached to and detached from the cartridge 30 without being damaged. Further, the cartridge 30 is opened at the above-mentioned moving position by removing the upper surface cover 30B as shown in FIG. The device 19 is configured so that it can be cleaned, removed or reattached from the upper opening.

Therefore, each image forming equipment including the photosensitive drum 10 and the exposure optical system 12 housed in the cartridge 30 is
The cartridge 30 can be attached / detached at any time without being removed to the outside of the main body of the apparatus, and as a result, maintenance work such as cleaning / replacement is significantly streamlined.

[0057]

The present invention constitutes a cartridge which is movable with respect to the main body of the apparatus with an image forming member including a photoconductor drum. According to the present invention, a transfer including an image transfer area is performed by moving the cartridge. Cleaning and replacement of the photoconductor drum and the image exposure optical system that store and open the material transport surface widely will be easy, and as a result, the processability of jammed paper and the maintainability of each process equipment for image formation will be improved. In the above, an excellent color image forming apparatus is provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a first example of a color image forming apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a sectional configuration diagram showing a second example of the color image forming apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing a cartridge moving means (first).

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a cartridge (No. 1).

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram showing a cartridge moving unit (No. 2).

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a layout of a developing device.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a layout of drive gears.

FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of a cartridge (No. 2).

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Photoconductor drum 11 Charging device 12 Exposure optical system 13 Developing device 14A Transfer device 14B Separator 15 Paper cassette 16 Timing roller 17 Fixing device 18 Paper ejection roller 19 Cleaning device 20 Supporting member 30 Cartridge 30A Front cover 30B Top cover 40 Toner Storage container 50 Stand 51 Arm 52 Lock member 53 Torsion spring G Guide rail P1 Guide pin G1, G2 Driven side gear G3, G4 Drive side gear

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A toner image obtained by disposing a plurality of charging means, image exposing means and developing means on the peripheral surface of an image forming body and repeating charging, image exposing and developing during one rotation of the image forming body. In a color image forming apparatus in which the toner images are collectively transferred to a transfer material after being formed by superimposing the image forming means, the image exposing means is integrated with a common support, and the image forming means is integrated with the image forming body. A color image forming apparatus, wherein the color image forming apparatus is detachable from an apparatus main body by moving in a direction orthogonal to an axial direction of a rotation center. 2. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image exposing unit is capable of separating the image forming body after being detached from the apparatus main body. 3. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the image forming body is released from the pressure contact with the developing means prior to being separated from the image exposing means. 4. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image forming body has a common support body which integrates the image exposing means therein. 5. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image forming body has a common support body which integrates the image exposing means to the outside. 6. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the developing means is integrated with a toner storage container. 7. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the developing means separates the toner storage container upward before the image exposing means is attached or detached. 8. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image exposing unit opens the image transfer area by removing the image exposing unit from the apparatus main body. 9. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image exposure unit has a movement stop position and is attachable / detachable at the movement position. 10. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image exposure unit has a movement stop position, and cleaning and replacement are possible at the movement position. 11. A toner image is provided by arranging a plurality of charging means, image exposing means and developing means on the peripheral surface of the image forming body, and repeating charging, image exposing and developing during one rotation of the image forming body. In a color image forming apparatus for collectively transferring the toner images onto a transfer material after forming them by superposing, the plurality of developing means includes a horizontal plane including a rotation center of the image forming body and an upper side or a lower side of the horizontal plane. Disposed at symmetrical positions on a parallel plane and movable upward together with the image forming body so as to simultaneously engage or disengage the driven gear on each developing means and the drive gear on the apparatus main body side. And a color image forming apparatus. 12. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the image forming body is movable together with a common support body that integrates the image exposing unit. 13. The image forming body is capable of moving upward, thereby engaging or disengaging a gear on the driven side of the image forming body and a drive gear on the apparatus main body side. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 11, wherein 14. A toner image obtained by disposing a plurality of charging means, image exposing means and developing means on the peripheral surface of an image forming body, and repeating charging, image exposing and developing during one rotation of the image forming body. In a color image forming apparatus in which the toner images are collectively transferred to a transfer material after being formed by superimposing the image forming means, the image exposing means is integrated with a common support, and the image forming means is integrated with the image forming body. Detachable in the axial direction of the rotation center of the image forming body from a common support that is movable in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotation center and that integrates the image exposing means at the moving position. And a color image forming apparatus. 15. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the image forming member is released from the pressure contact with the developing unit prior to being separated from the image exposing unit. 16. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the image forming body has a common support body that integrates the image exposing unit therein. 17. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the image forming body has a common support body that integrates the image exposing unit on the outside. 18. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the developing unit is integrated with a toner storage container. 19. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the developing means separates the toner storage container upward before the image exposing means is attached or detached. 20. The color image forming apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the image exposing unit opens the image transfer area by removing the image exposing unit from the apparatus main body. 21. A plurality of charging means, image exposing means and developing means are provided on the peripheral surface of the image forming body, and the toner image is obtained by repeating charging, image exposing and developing during one rotation of the image forming body. In a color image forming apparatus in which the toner images are collectively transferred to a transfer material after being formed by superimposing the image forming means, the image exposing means is integrated with a common support, and the image forming means is integrated with the image forming body. A color image forming apparatus, which is movable in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the center of rotation and which cleans or replaces any one of the charging unit, the image exposing unit, the developing unit, and the cleaning unit at the moving position. .