JPH08197361A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To miniaturize a device as a whole by reducing a space in the cross direction of the device by providing a spindle head on an Y axis slider free to advance and retreat in the longitudinal direction. CONSTITUTION: A shutter for tool exchange is opened in a state where a pair of holding clicks 53a, 53b is indexed at a tool exchanging position P, and a tool holder Ta of a tool T inserted into a spindle 22 is forcibly inserted into the holding clicks 53a, 53b in accordance with rising of a spindle head 18 free to move longitudinally on a Y axis slider 14. Thereafter, the spindle head 18 is retreated after clamping of the tool T is released in the spindle 22, a tool to be used later is indexed and rotationally by an indexing motor 55. Thereafter, the tool T to be used next is inserted into the spindle 22 and clamped by advancing the spindle head 18 again in this state. Thereafter, the spindle head 18 is lowered, the tool T is forcibly pulled out of the holding clicks 53, and exchange of the tools is finalized.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a machine tool such as a machining center having a tool magazine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there is a machine tool provided with a tool magazine, for example, as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 3-29234. As shown in FIG. 7, this is a moving base 101 that is movable on the bed 100 in the front-back direction (Z-axis direction).
The column 102 is placed on the moving base 101 so as to be movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction). A main spindle head 103 is provided on the column 102 so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Y-axis direction), and a main spindle 104 is rotatably supported on the main spindle head 103 about an axis parallel to the Z axis. In this way, the magazine support base 105 is installed on the bed 100 based on the configuration of the triaxial (X, Y, Z axis) slide type.
5, a tool magazine 106 for holding and storing a plurality of tools T at a position above the column 102, an automatic tool changing device 108 having a tool changing arm 107, and a tool changing arm 10.
7 to the tool delivery position with the tool T, the tool magazine 106
The transfer device 109 for transferring from the inside is provided within the width of the bed 100 in the X-axis direction to achieve compactness and high speed.

In the above, the column 103 is mounted on the moving base 101 on which the column 103 is mounted as shown in the figure.
The slide-type protective cover 11 that expands and contracts with the movement of the column and covers the guide rail (not shown) that guides and supports the column 103.
0 is provided, and a slide type protective cover (not shown) that covers the guide rail that guides and supports the moving base 101 on the front side of the column 102 moves when the moving base 101 expands and contracts in the Z-axis direction. Base 101 and bed 1
00, and further, the spindle head 10
An unillustrated slide-type protective cover, which expands and contracts as the Y-axis moves in the Y-axis direction and covers the front surface of the column 102, is provided between the spindle head 103 and the column 102.

Further, although not shown, a coolant tank is required to collect chips and coolant liquid scattered during processing, and therefore, this coolant tank is usually provided on the side of the bed 100. . The coolant tank is provided with a chip conveyor for transporting chips to the rear of the apparatus and a coolant supply pump for sucking up the coolant from the coolant tank through a filter and supplying it again to each supply unit.

[0005]

In recent years, in this type of machine tool, there is a strong demand for space saving, cost reduction, high speed, etc., and in the above conventional machine tool, the tool magazine 106 and the spindle 104 are Automatic tool changer 10 with a tool change arm 107 for changing tools between
8 and the tool T up to the exchange position with the tool exchange arm 107
A transfer device 109 for transferring the tool from the tool magazine 106 is installed, and there is a problem in that the cost for installing these devices increases.

Further, since chips and coolant are scattered, a slide-type protective cover is provided so as to cover each guide rail, but the scattered chips are caught in the sliding portion of this movable cover, There is a risk that the movement in the sliding direction will be disturbed, and further, the movement of the protective cover becomes a resistance and hinders the speedup. Further, since the chip conveyor is installed on the side of the bed 100, there is a problem that it is not possible to achieve space saving and size reduction in the device width direction.

[0007]

A machine tool according to the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems.
In the invention, a bed, a column provided on the bed so as to be able to move back and forth in the left-right direction, a Y-axis slider provided on this column so as to be able to move forward and backward, and a forward-backward movement on the Y-axis slider. A spindle head that is movably provided, a spindle that is detachably attached with a tool, and a spindle that is rotatably provided on the spindle head around an axis parallel to the advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head; And a tool magazine for holding the tool in a rotationally indexable and detachable manner about an axis parallel to the advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the machine tool according to the first aspect, an XY movable cover which is expanded and contracted in conjunction with vertical movement and horizontal movement of the spindle head is provided in front of the column to the main shaft. It is installed on a plane orthogonal to the axis of rotation, and a fixed cover that covers the periphery of the machine is provided on the fixed side. With this XY movable cover and fixed cover, a machining area where cutting chips and coolant liquid scatter during machining of the workpiece It is characterized in that it completely partitions into a non-processed area where chips and coolant do not enter.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the machine tool according to the first or second aspect, the supporting structure of the spindle head on the Y-axis slide is provided with a guide rail on the spindle head side. A guide block for guiding and supporting the guide rail is provided on the Y-axis slide side. Further, in the invention of claim 4, in the machine tool of claim 1, claim 2 or claim 3, a coolant tank extending in the advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head is provided below the column and in the center of the bed. It is characterized by being installed in.

[0010]

With the above construction, in the invention of claim 1, when the tool is exchanged, the tool magazine fixed to the fixed side is moved to the tool magazine by the ascending operation of the spindle equipped with the tool and the retracting operation of the spindle. To complete the tool delivery operation.
Next, in the tool magazine, the tool to be used next is indexed. Next, the forward movement of the spindle and the downward movement of the spindle complete the tool delivery operation from the tool magazine.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the work is processed by the three-axis control in the vertical, front-rear, and left-right directions, the XY movable cover provided in front of the column moves the column and moves the spindle head up and down. By expanding and contracting in conjunction with the movement, the column movable area and the spindle head movable area on the front surface of the column are completely covered. By the XY movable cover and the fixed cover that covers the entire device, a partition is formed in the front of the column into a processing area in which chips and coolant liquid are scattered during processing of a workpiece and a non-processing area in which chips and coolant liquid do not enter. To be done.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, compared with the case where the guide block is provided on the main spindle head side and the guide rail is provided on the fixed side, the supporting rigidity becomes large at the retracted end position of the main spindle head. It is possible to improve the support rigidity as. In the invention of claim 4, since the coolant tank extending in the advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head is installed in the center of the bed below the column, the device is made compact in the width direction, that is, in the advancing / retreating direction of the column. Can contribute to.

[0013]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 5, 10 is a bed, and the bed 10
A pair of X-axis guide rails 11 extending in the X-axis direction (horizontal direction) are provided in parallel on the upper side, and a gate-shaped column 12 is slid on the X-axis guide rails 11 in the X-axis direction via a guide block 11a. It is movably guided and supported.

A pair of Y-axis guide rails 13 extending in the Y-axis direction (vertical direction) are fixedly mounted in parallel on the front surfaces of both leg portions of the column 12, and the Y-axis slider 1 is mounted on the Y-axis guide rails 13.
4 is slidably guided in the vertical direction. That is,
The Y-axis slider 14 includes a vertical portion 14a extending vertically on the front surface of the column 12 and parallel to the XY plane, and a horizontal portion 14b extending horizontally and rearward from the lower end of the vertical portion 14a.
The vertical portion 14a and the horizontal portion 14b form a substantially L-shape, and the vertical portion 14a is guided to the Y-axis guide rail 13 via the guide blocks 13a at both ends in the Y-axis direction. It is slidably guided and supported.

On the horizontal portion 14b of the Y-axis slider 14, guide blocks 15 fixedly spaced apart in the Z-axis direction are provided in parallel in the X-axis direction, and the Z-axis slide table 16 is provided on these guide blocks 15. A pair of Z-axis guide rails 17 fixed in parallel to the Z-axis direction are slidably guided and supported on both lower surfaces of the main shaft head 18, and a spindle head 18 is fixedly mounted on the Z-axis slide table 16. ing. That is,
A spindle head 18 is provided on the Y-axis slider 14 via a Z-axis slide table 17 so as to be movable in the Z-axis direction.

The vertical portion 14a of the Y-axis slider 14 is formed with a penetrating portion 14c penetrating in the Z-axis direction, and the spindle head 18, the Z-axis slide table 16 and the Z-axis guide rail 17 are formed in the penetrating portion 14c. It is designed to move together. As shown in FIG. 5, a ball screw nut 19b of a ball screw 19a is fixed to the bottom of the column 12 via a fixing block 19c.
The column 2 is driven forward and backward in the X-axis direction by a column driving motor 19 provided on the bed 10 via a ball screw 19a.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, a ball screw nut 20b of a ball screw 20a is fixed to the side of the horizontal portion 14b of the Y-axis slider 14 via a fixing block 20c, and the Y-axis slider 14 is A Y-axis slider drive motor 20 provided at the upper portion of the column 12 drives the Y-axis slider to move forward and backward through a ball screw 20a.

The horizontal portion 14 of the Y-axis slider 14
As shown in FIG. 5, a space portion 14d that extends rearward and opens and into which the ball screw 21a is inserted is formed in b, and the space portion 14d is provided above the space portion 14d in parallel in the X-axis direction. A penetrating portion 14e is formed between the guide blocks 15 so as to extend rearward and open and penetrate the space 14d. A fixed block 21c movable in the Z-axis direction is inserted into the penetrating portion 14e. . The Y-axis slide table 16 is provided through the fixed block 21c.
On the bottom of the ball screw 21a ball screw nut 21b
Has been fixed. Therefore, the spindle head 18 is driven to move back and forth in the Z-axis direction via the ball screw 21a by the Z-axis slide table driving motor 21 fixed to the opening end of the space 14c.

In the above description, each slide portion composed of the X-axis guide rail 11 and the guide block 11a, the Y-axis guide rail 13 and the guide block 13a, the Z-axis guide rail 17 and the guide block 15 is a linear guide. It is configured. A spindle 22 is rotatably supported on the spindle head 18 about an axis parallel to the Z axis, and the spindle 22 is driven to rotate by a spindle rotation drive motor 23 directly connected to the rear portion of the spindle head 18. It has become.

A tool holder Ta of a tool T is detachably attached to the tip of the spindle 22, and the tool T is clamped and unclamped by a clamp mechanism (not shown) provided in the spindle head 22. It has become. A jig 24 is installed on the bed 10 in front of the column 12, and the work W is positioned and fixed on the jig 24.

The space around the jig 24 is covered with a fixed cover 30 composed of a side cover and a ceiling cover. The fixed cover 30 extends to the rear so as to cover the sides and the upper side of the column 12, and is supported by a support member (not shown). On the bed 10, the columns 3 are spaced apart from each other on the front surface of the column 12.
1 is erected upright, and fixed plate covers 32 and 33 are fixedly installed on the upper and lower parts of both columns 31 so as to bridge them.

Between the fixed covers 32 and 33,
At a position facing the spindle head 18, a support frame 35 having an unillustrated guide rail formed therein for supporting a Y-axis movable cover 34 that operates integrally with the spindle head 18 in the Y-axis direction is disposed. The support frame 35 is the connecting member 3
It is fixed to the column 12 through 6. The Y-axis movable cover 34 is provided at a position facing the spindle head 18, and a main movable cover 34a is provided above and below the main movable cover 34a.
4a and a sub movable cover 34b which is composed of a slide cover group that expands and contracts in the vertical direction in association with the operation of 4a. The main movable cover 34a has an insertion hole 37 through which the spindle head 18 and the Z-axis slide table 16 are inserted. The main movable cover 34a is formed by the connecting member 3
It is fixed to the Y-axis slider 14 via 8. In addition, a slide seal (not shown) is provided on the jig 24 side of the insertion hole 37 so as to be capable of sliding contact with the outer peripheral surface of the spindle head 18 to prevent chips and coolant from entering the rear portion of the spindle head 18 when the spindle head 18 moves back and forth. Has been.

Therefore, the main movable cover 34a of the Y-axis movable cover 34 is moved integrally with the main spindle head 18 by the vertical movement of the Y-axis slider 14, and the sub-movement is accompanied by this movement. Movable cover 34b
Is expanded and contracted, so that the front surface of the column 12 in the movable range of the spindle head 18 in the Y-axis direction is always covered.

Each of the columns 31 is provided with a winding type cover device 40. This winding type cover device 40
Is a support member 41 fixed to the support column 31, a winding shaft 42 rotatably supported on the support member 41 about a vertical axis orthogonal to the advancing / retreating direction of the column 12, and the winding shaft 42. One end is fixed to the support frame 3 at the other end.
5 is provided between the winding shaft 42 and the supporting member 41, and a seat cover 43 fixed to the winding shaft 42 so that the seat cover 43 can be wound around the winding shaft 42. It is composed of a torsion spring (not shown) that applies a torsion torque to the winding shaft 42.

Therefore, the seat cover 43 is constantly tensioned by the torsion torque of the torsion spring, and the operation of the column 12 causes the seat cover 43 to be taken in and out of the take-up cover device 40, whereby the column 12 in the Z-axis direction. And spindle head 18
The front surface of the column 12 in the movable range is always covered.

Here, the seat cover 43 and the Y-axis movable cover 34 of the left and right roll-up type cover devices 40 constitute an XY movable cover. As described above, the area where the predetermined processing is performed on the work W positioned and fixed on the jig 24 by the tool T mounted on the main shaft 22, that is, the processing area, is fixed to the fixed cover 30 and the Y-axis. Since it is surrounded by the movable cover 34 and the seat cover 43, it is possible to prevent the cutting chips and the coolant liquid from entering the rear portion of the column 12, that is, the non-machined region.

Although the retractable cover device is used as the movable cover in the X-axis direction in the above description, a slide-type cover may be used as in the Y-axis direction. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, in the present embodiment, it cannot be said that the processing area and the non-processing area are completely separated from each other in the Y-axis direction by the XY movable cover, but the height in the Y-axis direction is sufficient. Therefore, during processing, there is no possibility that cutting chips will enter the rear of the device from above.

A tool magazine 50 holding a plurality of tools T in a detachable manner is fixed to the upper fixed plate cover 30. As shown in FIG. 6, the tool magazine 50 includes a fixed base portion 51 fixed to the upper fixed plate cover 30 and a rotating member 52 rotatably supported around an axis parallel to the Z axis. A pair of gripping claws 53 that are arranged at equal angular intervals in the circumferential direction of the rotating member 52 and that detachably hold the tool holder Ta of the tool T, and the rotating member 52 that is fixedly installed on the fixed base 51. It is composed of an indexing motor 55 which is connected through a speed reducer 54 and rotationally indexes the tool at a tool exchange position P with the spindle 22.

The pair of gripping claws 53 is the rotating member 52.
The fixed claw 53a is fixed to the rotary member 52, and the movable claw 53b is rotatably supported by the rotating member 52 by a pin 56. Spring holding grooves 57a and 57b are formed on the back surfaces of the fixed claw 53a and the movable claw 53b which are adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction so as not to be involved in holding the tool holder, and the spring holding grooves 57a and 57b are provided with springs 58. Are respectively inserted. The movable claws 53b are biased in the closing direction by the springs 58, and the fixed claws 53a are held when the tool T is not gripped.
Is set to a predetermined opening, that is, an opening allowing insertion and removal of the tool T.

The tool magazine 50 constructed as described above
On the other hand, a magazine cover 44 is fixed to the fixed plate cover 30 so as to cover the periphery thereof, and a tool exchange window 45 is opened in the magazine cover 44, and a tool exchange window 45 is formed in the window 45. A shutter 46 is provided,
The tool changing shutter 46 is opened and closed by a fluid pressure cylinder 47. Further, the magazine cover 44 is formed with a cutout portion 44a so that the spindle head 18 can be moved to a tool exchange position P with the tool magazine 50 in a continuous manner with the tool exchange window 45.

Therefore, when exchanging the tool, the tool exchanging shutter 46 is opened with the pair of grasping claws 53 not grasping the tool T being indexed to the tool exchanging position P, and the main spindle is opened. As the head 18 rises, the tool holder Ta of the tool T inserted into the main shaft 22 is forcibly inserted into the grip claw 53. Then, after releasing the clamp of the tool T on the spindle 22, the spindle head 18 is retracted, the tool T to be used next is rotationally indexed by the indexing motor 55, and in that state, the spindle head 18 is advanced again to The tool T used for is inserted into the spindle 22 and clamped, then the spindle head 18 is lowered, and the tool T is forcibly pulled out from the inside of the grip claws 53 to complete the tool exchange.
After the tool change is completed, the spindle head 18 is attached to the magazine cover 44.
After descending to a position where it does not interfere with, the tool change shutter 46 is closed again.

As described above, since the tool magazine 50 is fixed and the tool magazine 50 is only indexed by the tool T in the tool magazine 50, the tool is replaced by the vertical and forward / backward movements of the spindle head 18. The mechanism of the magazine 50 can be simplified, and the tool changing arm is not required, so that the cost can be reduced. Below the column 12 and in the center of the bed 10, a coolant tank 60 that extends in the Z-axis direction and discharges chips, coolant liquid, and the like.
Is installed. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the coolant tank 60 extends between the column 12 and the jig 24 in the front of the device and extends to the rearmost end in the rear of the device.

In the coolant tank 60, a chip conveyor 61 is installed which is installed at the rear of the apparatus and which conveys the chips to an unillustrated chip carrier. This chip conveyor 61 is driven by a chip conveyor drive motor 62, and conveys the chips generated by processing from the front part of the device through the bed 10 to the rear part of the device, and at the rear part of the device, conveys the chip upwards to a higher position. It is designed to drop chips into a carrier for cutting chips (not shown).

Reference numeral 63 in FIGS. 3 and 4 denotes a coolant supply pump that sucks the coolant liquid from the coolant tank 60 and supplies the coolant liquid to each supply portion, and two types are provided for high pressure and low pressure. . The coolant supply pump 63 is sucked through a filter (not shown). The jig 24 and the column 1
In the bed 10 between the two, the coolant tank 60
Discharge hole 10a for discharging swarf and coolant
Is formed, and the discharge hole 10a is opened on the chip conveyor 61. Further, on the upper surface of the bed 10 around the jig 24, inclined surfaces 10b and 10c which are inclined toward the discharge hole 10a are formed, and the inclined surfaces 10b and 10c allow the chips and the coolant to be smoothly discharged to the discharge hole 10a. Is being discharged to. Then, the cutting chips ride on the chip conveyor 61, and the coolant liquid is retained at the bottom in the coolant tank 60.

As described above, the coolant tank 60 extending in the Z-axis direction is provided below the column 12 and in the bed 10.
Since it is installed in the center of the device, it can contribute to the compactness of the device in the width direction, that is, the X-axis direction. In the above description, the coolant tank 60 extends to the space between the column 12 and the jig 24 in the front of the apparatus, but the inclined surface 10b, 10c allows the cutting hole and the coolant to be guided through the discharge hole 10a shown in FIG. The coolant tank 60 may be formed further rearward than the example shown in FIG. 9 to reduce the length of the coolant tank 60 in the Z-axis direction.

By thus reducing the size of the coolant tank 60, it is possible to reduce the amount of the coolant used as a whole, and further to reduce the size of the coolant supply pump 63, thereby reducing the cost. Can contribute to. In addition, 70 shown in FIG. 3 and FIG.
Is a control box fixed to the bed 10 via a bracket 71, and the two-dot chain line shown in FIG.
The state in which the spindle head 18 is moved up to is shown.

Next, the operation of the above configuration will be described. During processing, the spindle head 18 and the column 12 are in the original position shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the work W is positioned and fixed on the jig 24, and the tool replacement shutter 46 provided on the tool magazine cover 44 is closed. It is in a broken state. In this state, the main shaft 22 is rotated by the main shaft rotation drive motor 23.
The column drive motor 19, the Y-axis slider drive motor 20, and the Z-axis slide table drive motor 21 are driven by the rotary drive, and the workpiece W is subjected to predetermined processing by three-axis control in the XYZ directions. Here, at the time of processing, the coolant liquid is ejected from a coolant nozzle (not shown) to the processed portion of the work W.

During cutting, when the Y-axis slider 14 is moved up and down in the Y-axis direction, the main movable cover 34a of the Y-axis movable cover 34 moves up and down integrally with the main spindle head 18 and the Z-axis slide table 16. With this operation, the sub movable cover 34b expands and contracts vertically. When the column 12 is moved left and right in the X-axis direction, the seat cover 43, which is a movable cover in the X-axis direction, is moved along with this operation, and the wind-up cover device 4
It is put in and out from 0. When the spindle head 18 and the Z-axis slide table 16 are moved back and forth in the Z-axis direction, a slide seal (not shown) is brought into sliding contact with the outer peripheral surfaces of the spindle head 18 and the Z-axis slide table 16.

In this way, the spindle head 18 has three XYZ axes.
The processing is performed with the front surface of the column 12 always covered regardless of the movement in the axial direction. The cutting chips generated during processing and the coolant liquid ejected to the processing location scatter on the bed 10 around the jig 24, but the cutting chips become coolant liquid due to the inclined surface 10b formed on the bed 10. It is guided together to the discharge hole 10a, and is discharged to the coolant tank 60 from this discharge hole 10a.

Since the discharge hole 10a is opened on the chip conveyor 61 installed in the coolant tank 60,
The chips fall on the chip conveyor 61 and are driven by the chip conveyor drive motor 62.
Is conveyed through the bed 10 to the rear part of the device, and at the rear part of the device, it is dropped onto a chip transport carriage (not shown).

On the other hand, the coolant liquid remains in the bottom of the coolant tank 60 as it is. The accumulated coolant liquid is sucked through a filter (not shown) by a coolant supply pump 63 installed at the rear of the device,
Again, it is supplied cyclically to each supply unit. When the cutting process is completed, the rotation of the spindle 22 is stopped and the column 12 and the spindle head 18 are returned to their original positions.

Next, when exchanging tools, first, the spindle 22 is lifted up to below the tool magazine cover 44 (the position shown by the one-dot chain line in FIG. 6). Here, tool magazine 5
On the 0 side, the grip claw 53 that does not grip the tool T is indexed at the tool exchange position P. Next, the spindle 22 is moved by a predetermined amount, that is, the tool holder T of the tool T mounted on the spindle 22.
The a is advanced to a position corresponding to the grip claw 53 of the tool magazine 50.

Next, the tool changing shutter 46 is opened, and the spindle 22 is raised to the position shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. As a result, the tool holder T of the tool T is inserted in the grip claw 53.
Insert a. At this time, the gripping claw 53 is forcibly opened against the biasing force of the spring 58 by the ascending operation of the main shaft 22, and when the tool holder Ta is completely inserted into the gripping claw 53, the gripping claw 53 becomes firm by the biasing force of the spring 58. Is gripped by.

In this state, the tool T is unclamped on the spindle 22. Then, the spindle 22 is retracted. Then, the indexing motor 55 indexes the tool T to be used next to the tool exchange position P. Then, the spindle 22 is advanced by a predetermined amount, and then the tool T is clamped on the spindle 22.

After the mounting of the tool T on the spindle 22 is completed,
By lowering the spindle 22, the tool holder Ta is forcibly resisted against the biasing force of the spring 58 from the inside of the grip claw 53.
Pull out. After the spindle 22 descends to a position where it does not interfere with the tool changing shutter 46, the tool changing shutter 4
6 is closed. After that, the spindle 22 returns to the original position by the reverse operation and refrains from the next machining.

In the above embodiment, the Z-axis guide rail 17 is provided on the movable spindle head 18 side, and the guide block 15 is provided on the Y-axis slider 14 side, that is, the fixed side, to move the spindle head 18 in the Z-axis direction. Since the guide support for movement is provided, compared to the case where the guide block is provided on the spindle head 18 side and the guide rail is provided on the fixed side, the spindle head 18
Since the supporting rigidity becomes large at the retracted end position, it is possible to improve the supporting rigidity of the spindle head 18 as a whole.

[0047]

According to the machine tool of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, the tool magazine is fixedly installed on the fixed side in front of the column,
Since the tool change operation is performed by the vertical and forward / backward movement of the spindle, the tool change arm can be eliminated, and the tool magazine side drive can be used if it has at least a rotation mechanism for tool indexing. Can contribute to simplification, compactness, and cost reduction.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, in addition to the three-axis configuration of the first aspect, the column performs the left-right movement, the Y-axis slider performs the vertical movement, and the main spindle head performs the forward-backward movement.
XY that expands and contracts on the front of the column in conjunction with the movement of the spindle head
A movable cover is provided, and the XY movable cover and the fixed cover partition the machining area in front of the machine into the non-machining area in the rear of the machine, so that chips and coolant liquid enter the non-machining area during machining. Can be prevented. Further, unlike the conventional three-axis configuration, slide-type protective covers are not required for the slide portions in the three-axis directions, so that the overall cover configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced. .

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the guide rail is provided on the spindle head side and the guide block is provided on the Y-axis slider side, that is, the fixed side. Therefore, the supporting rigidity of the spindle head as a whole is improved. You can That is, contrary to the present invention, when the guide block is provided on the spindle head side and the guide rail is provided on the base side, the spindle head is always supported by the guide block from the forward end position to the backward end position of the spindle head. From the above, it becomes a structure that overhangs forward, and due to this, moment is always applied to the spindle head by its own weight of the overhang, so the support rigidity for the spindle head is always reduced,
According to the present invention, since the supporting rigidity becomes large at the retracted end position of the spindle head, the supporting rigidity of the spindle head as a whole can be improved.

In the invention of claim 4, the coolant tank extending in the advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head is installed in the center of the bed below the column. Therefore, the width direction of the apparatus, that is, the column advancing / retracting direction is made compact. Can contribute to.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing the overall configuration of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a rear view showing the overall configuration of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a top view showing the overall configuration of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing the overall configuration of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of the machine tool according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged front view of the tool magazine device.

FIG. 7 is a front view of a machine tool including a conventional tool magazine device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 bed 14 Y-axis slider 15 guide block 17 Z-axis guide rail 18 main spindle head 22 main spindle 30 fixed cover 34 Y-axis movable cover 40 rewind type cover device 43 seat cover 50 tool magazine 60 coolant tank W work T tool P tool change position

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A bed, a column provided on the bed so as to be able to move back and forth in the left-right direction, a Y-axis slider provided on the column so as to be able to move forward and backward, and a front-back direction on the Y-axis slider. A spindle head that can be moved forward and backward,
A tool is detachably mounted and a spindle provided on the spindle head so as to be rotatable around an axis parallel to the advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head, and a plurality of tools provided on a fixed side, and the tool is advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head. A machine tool having a tool magazine that holds a rotatable indexable and detachable holder about an axis parallel to the machine tool. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein an XY movable cover that expands and contracts in conjunction with vertical movement and horizontal movement of the spindle head is provided in a plane in front of the column and orthogonal to a rotation axis of the spindle. In addition, the fixed cover that covers the periphery of the machine is provided on the fixed side, and this XY movable cover and fixed cover allow the machining area where chips and coolant are scattered during machining of the workpiece and the chips and coolant. A machine tool characterized by being completely partitioned into a non-machined area that does not enter. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the spindle head has a supporting structure on the Y-axis slide, a guide rail is provided on the spindle head side, and the guide rail is provided on the Y-axis slide side. A machine tool characterized in that a guide block for guiding and supporting the guide rail is provided. 4. The machine tool according to claim 1, 2, or 3, wherein a coolant tank extending in the advancing / retreating direction of the spindle head is installed below the column and in the center of the bed. A machine tool that is characterized by