JPH08193825A - Apparatus and method for measuring stain using piezoelectric element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To directly obtain the amount of stain adhering to the surface of an insulator, continuously measure the amount, and enhance the measuring accuracy for the amount. CONSTITUTION: A pole insulator 16 is set at an upper part of a dead-end tower of a substation. A quartz vibrating plate 18 is supported an opening part in an housing recess 19 formed at a shade part 15 of the insulator 16. A flat gold electrode 26 is set at a front surface of the quarts vibrating plate 18, and an annular electrode 27 is set at a rear surface of the quartz vibrating plate 18. The vibrating plate 18 is vibrated with a predetermined resonant frequency by a high frequency current. When the amount of stain on the quartz vibrating plate 18 changes, the resonant frequency is charged, so that the amount of stain is measured. A heating lead wire 32 is set at both ends of the gold electrode 26 in a diametrical direction. The moisture is evaporated when the electricity is supplied through the lead wire 32, so that the measuring accuracy is enhanced.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring contaminants using a piezoelectric element for measuring the amount of contaminants attached to outdoor structures such as insulators.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional method for measuring adhered fouling in this type of outdoor structure, a brush washing method and an ultrasonic cleaning fouling amount measuring method are known. In these methods, contaminants adhering to outdoor structures such as insulators are dissolved in water and the conductivity of the aqueous solution is detected. Then, the change amount of the conductivity is converted into the equivalent salt attachment density to obtain the attached fouling substance amount.

Further, as the piezoelectric element, there are known one in which a heating element is attached to a part of a crystal plate, and one provided with an annular heater for heating the piezoelectric element housed in the housing together with the housing.

[0004]

However, in this conventional method, since the adhered fouling substance to be measured is dissolved in water, it is a kind of destructive measurement. for that reason,
There is a problem that the time-dependent change of the amount of adhered fouling substances cannot be directly obtained, and the measurement is intermittent so that continuous data cannot be obtained.

Further, even if an attempt is made to use the crystal oscillator having the above-mentioned heating element for measuring the adhered contaminants on the surface of the insulator,
Since the heating element has a structure that heats the entire piezoelectric element, there is a problem that it takes time to heat and cool, and a desired measurement interval cannot be obtained. Moreover, heating,
When the heating element is attached to the piezoelectric element for the purpose of shortening the cooling time, there is a possibility that the vibration of the piezoelectric element may be stopped, and the heating element increases the number of parts, which raises the manufacturing cost. there were.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the problems existing in such conventional techniques. The purpose is to be able to directly obtain the amount of fouling substances adhering to outdoor structures as a change over time, and to continuously measure the amount of fouling substances adhering at short measurement intervals to obtain continuous data promptly. An object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device and a measuring method of an adhered and polluted material using a piezoelectric element capable of performing

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for measuring adhered and polluted substances using a piezoelectric element, which can improve the accuracy of measuring the amount of adhered and polluted substances.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for measuring adhered contaminants using a piezoelectric element, which can reduce the number of parts and the product cost.

[0009]

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, in the invention of a measuring device for contaminants using a piezoelectric element according to claim 1, the piezoelectric element is mounted on the surface of an outdoor structure, The piezoelectric element is provided with a plurality of electrodes for vibration, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to vibrate the piezoelectric element, the vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric element is detected, and based on the change in the vibration characteristic, the outdoor structure The amount of adhering contaminants on the surface is determined, and a heating current is applied to at least one of the electrodes to evaporate water.

Further, in the invention of the measuring apparatus for contaminants using the piezoelectric element according to claim 2, the piezoelectric element is mounted on the surface of the outdoor structure, and the piezoelectric element is provided with a plurality of electrodes for vibration. A voltage is applied between the electrodes to vibrate the piezoelectric element, the vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric element is detected, and the amount of adhered contaminants on the surface of the outdoor structure is obtained based on the change in the vibration characteristic. The back surface is arranged in the shielded space, and a heating current is applied to the electrodes provided on the back surface to evaporate water.

According to a third aspect of the invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the piezoelectric element has one surface formed in a flat shape and the other surface formed in a convex shape. The flat surface is arranged on the front surface side.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, in the first or second aspect of the invention, the plurality of electrodes provided on the piezoelectric element are formed in a flat plate shape or an annular shape, and at the same time, a flat plate shape is formed. Is arranged on the surface of the piezoelectric element so as to cover the exposed portion of the piezoelectric element, and the annular electrode is arranged on the back surface.

In addition, according to the invention of claim 5, in the invention of claim 1 or 2, it is possible to remove adhered contaminants between the electrodes for vibration provided on the piezoelectric element by vibration. It is configured so that a voltage can be applied.

According to a sixth aspect of the invention, in the invention according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, the vibrating electrodes are provided on both sides of the piezoelectric element. And in the invention of the method for measuring a contaminant using the piezoelectric element according to claim 7, the piezoelectric element is mounted on the surface of the outdoor structure,
The piezoelectric element is provided with a plurality of electrodes for vibration, a heating current is applied to at least one of the electrodes to evaporate water, and then a voltage is applied between the plurality of electrodes to vibrate the piezoelectric element. Then, the vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric element is detected, and the amount of adhered contaminants on the surface of the outdoor structure is obtained based on the change in the vibration characteristic.

[0015]

In the apparatus and method for measuring a contaminant using the piezoelectric element according to claim 1 or 7, the piezoelectric element mounted on the surface of the outdoor structure vibrates due to the application of voltage,
The vibration characteristic is detected. Then, if a contaminant is attached to the detection surface of the piezoelectric element, the vibration characteristic changes according to the amount of the attached contaminant. The amount of adhered fouling substances is obtained based on the change in the vibration characteristics. In this case, since the heating current is applied to the electrodes to evaporate the water content, it is possible to accurately measure only the amount of the attached contaminants. Moreover, since the electrode used for vibration in the piezoelectric element is also used for heating, it is not necessary to mount a new heating component.

In the measuring device according to the second aspect of the present invention, a heating current is applied to the electrode provided on the back surface of the piezoelectric element arranged in the shielded space to heat the electrode on the back surface and The moisture attached to the surface of the piezoelectric element is evaporated by the conduction heat from there to the surface side of the piezoelectric element. Therefore, it is possible to measure only the attached contaminants quickly and accurately. Moreover, it is possible to prevent electrode thinning due to energization of the electrode in the presence of seawater or water, so-called electromigration.

In the apparatus according to the third aspect, one surface of the piezoelectric element is formed in a flat shape, the other surface is formed in a convex shape, and the flat surface is arranged on the front surface side. Therefore, the adhered fouling material is not unevenly adhered to a part of the surface of the piezoelectric element, and the measurement accuracy of the fouling material amount can be improved.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the plurality of electrodes provided on the piezoelectric element are flat plate-shaped or annular, and the flat plate-shaped electrodes are arranged on the surface of the piezoelectric element so as to cover the exposed portion of the piezoelectric element. , An annular electrode is arranged on the back surface. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the contaminant attached to the surface of the piezoelectric element from becoming non-uniform due to the unevenness of the surface of the piezoelectric element. Moreover, since there is no electrode in the central portion of the back surface of the piezoelectric element, it is possible to prevent the measuring sensitivity from becoming high in the central portion of the piezoelectric element, and to make the measuring sensitivity uniform. Therefore, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the amount of adhered fouling material.

In the device according to the fifth aspect, a predetermined voltage is applied between the plurality of electrodes provided on the piezoelectric element. Therefore, the contaminants attached to the surface of the piezoelectric element are removed by strong vibration. As a result, the amount of newly attached fouling substances can be accurately measured after removing the attached fouling substances.

In the device according to the sixth aspect, the electrodes for vibration are provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric element. Therefore, the piezoelectric element can be efficiently vibrated.

[0021]

EXAMPLES First Example A first example of an apparatus and method for measuring adhered contaminants using a piezoelectric element embodying the present invention will be described below.

As shown in FIG. 2, the support plate 11 is provided on the support arm 13 extending laterally at the upper part of the retaining tower 12 of the substation. The piezoelectric automatic pollutant measuring device 14 is mounted and fixed on the support plate 11. A pillar insulator 16 having a plurality of caps 15 is supported on the automatic contaminant measuring device 14. The pillar insulator 16 is made of porcelain or the like, and the surface thereof is coated with porcelain glaze. The connection cable 17 is pulled out from the lower portion of the automatic contaminant measuring device 14, and is extended to the control station (not shown) through the retaining tower 12. Then, data such as the amount of adhered fouling substances adhering to the pillar insulator 16 is sent from the automatic fouling substance measuring device 14 to the control station.

As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the piezoelectric element 18 is housed in housing recesses 19 formed on both upper and lower surfaces of the cap portion 15 located in the middle of the pillar insulator 16. In this embodiment, the accommodating recesses 19 and the piezoelectric elements 18 are provided at eight places on each of the upper and lower surfaces of the cap portion 15. As shown in FIG. 1, a support body 20 made of a ceramic having a bottomed cylindrical shape is fixed in the accommodation recess 19 of the pillar insulator 16 via a silicone-based caulking material layer 21.

A disk-shaped crystal vibrating plate 18 as a piezoelectric element.
Are joined by an epoxy resin layer 23 on a step portion 22 provided in the opening of the support 20. Crystal diaphragm 1
The thickness-shear vibration mode is used as 8, and the quartz crystal vibration plate 18 is composed of a so-called plano-convex plate having one surface which is a flat surface (plano surface) and the other surface which is a convex lens-like swelling surface (convex surface). ing. In this embodiment, the plano surface 24 serves as the detection surface on the surface of the quartz diaphragm 18, and the convex surface 25 serves as the quartz diaphragm 1.
It is arranged so as to be the back surface of No. 8.

A gold electrode 26 having high corrosion resistance is formed on the surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 so as to cover the entire surface of the crystal diaphragm 18, and an annular electrode 27 is formed on the back surface. A shielded space 28 from the outside is formed by the support body 20 and the crystal diaphragm 18.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the lead wire 29 for high frequency oscillation has a connecting portion 30 of the gold electrode 26 formed on the front surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 and an annular portion formed on the rear surface thereof. The crystal diaphragm 18 is vibrated by being connected to the connecting portion 31 of the electrode 27 and applying a high frequency voltage. The lead wire 32 for heating is connected by soldering to the welding portions 33a and 33b at both ends in the radial direction of the gold electrode 26 formed on the surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 to heat the surface of the crystal diaphragm 18.

FIG. 7 shows the inside of the automatic contaminant measuring device 14.
As shown in FIG. 3, the oscillation circuit 34 is connected to the electrodes 26 and 27 of the crystal diaphragm 18 via the lead wire 29 to vibrate the crystal diaphragm 18 at the natural frequency. Then, the natural frequency of the crystal diaphragm 18 becomes the electrical resonance frequency of the oscillation circuit 34, and the contaminants adhere to the detection surface 24 of the crystal diaphragm 18 to apply a load, so that the amount of the adhered contaminants is changed. The natural frequency, that is, the resonance frequency, changes. A change in the vibration characteristic of the crystal diaphragm 18 is detected by the change in the resonance frequency.

The frequency counter 35 is connected to the oscillation circuit 34, and continuously reads changes in the resonance frequency of the oscillation circuit 34. The calculation unit 36 is connected to the frequency counter 35, and based on the change of the resonance frequency read by the frequency counter 35, the quartz diaphragm 18 is operated by the calibration characteristic prepared in advance.
The amount of fouling substances attached to the detection surface 24, that is, the surface of the insulator 16 is calculated.

The change in the vibration characteristic can be detected not only as the change in the resonance frequency as described above but also as the change in the impedance of the piezoelectric element, the change in the oscillation output voltage, the change in the element amplitude, and the like.

Next, the measuring method of the measuring device for the adhered contaminants on the surface of the insulator constructed as described above will be explained. When measuring the adhered contaminants on the surface of the insulator 16 with the measuring device of this embodiment, the crystal diaphragm 18 mounted in the accommodating recess 19 of the insulator 16 is vibrated at the natural frequency by the oscillation circuit 34. . Then, the natural frequency of the crystal diaphragm 18 becomes an electrical resonance frequency of the oscillation circuit 34, and when a contaminant is attached to the detection surface 24 of the crystal diaphragm 18, the natural frequency, that is, the resonance, according to the amount of the attached contaminant. The frequency changes.

At this time, the gold electrode 26 on the surface of the crystal diaphragm 18
By energizing the heating lead wires 32 connected to both ends of, the surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 is heated, and the moisture adhering thereto is removed by evaporation. Therefore, the crystal diaphragm 18
Only the adhered fouling material remaining on the detection surface 24 of FIG. By the way, in this embodiment, by applying a current of 1 A for 30 seconds to the heating lead wire 32, the attached water was evaporated and dried.

Next, the change of the resonance frequency of the oscillation circuit 34 is continuously read by the frequency counter 35. Then, the resonance frequency from the frequency counter 35 is taken into the calculation unit 36, and the amount of contaminants attached to the detection surface 24 of the crystal diaphragm 18, that is, the surface of the insulator 16 is calculated by the calibration characteristic prepared in advance. When most of the adhered fouling substances can be regarded as salt in the rapid fouling measurement near the coast, the amount of adhered fouling substances can be managed as the amount of adhered fouling substances.

As described above, according to the first embodiment, it is not necessary to dissolve the contaminants to be measured attached to the surface of the insulator 16 in water, so that there is no possibility of destructive measurement.
Therefore, the amount of adhered fouling substances on the surface of the insulator 16 can be directly obtained as a change with time, and the amount of the adhered fouling substances can be continuously measured to rapidly obtain continuous data.

Further, by connecting the lead wires 32 for heating to both ends of the gold electrodes 26 formed on the surface of the crystal vibrating plate 18 in the radial direction, the entire surface of the crystal vibrating plate 18 is uniformly heated. Therefore, since the water on the surface of the gold electrode 26 is evaporated, it is possible to accurately measure only the amount of the attached contaminants. Moreover, the temperature rising time by heating and the temperature falling time by cooling can be shortened, and a desired measurement interval can be obtained. By the way, in the case of heating the entire quartz crystal vibrating plate by an annular heating element as in the conventional case, the temperature rising time is about 6 minutes, and the temperature lowering time is 2 hours or more.
When the gold electrode 26 was electrically heated as in this example, both the temperature raising time and the temperature lowering time were within 30 seconds.

Moreover, since the conventional heating element for heating the entire piezoelectric element is not mounted, the crystal vibrating plate 18 is used.
There is no fear of stopping the vibration, and there is no increase in the number of parts or product cost.

In addition, in this embodiment, the crystal diaphragm 18
Since the detection surface 24 of FIG. 3 is not the convex surface 25 but the plano surface, there is no possibility that the adhered fouling material is unevenly adhered to the peripheral portion or the central portion within the detection surface 24, and the measurement accuracy of the adhered fouling material amount is secured. be able to.

Further, in this embodiment, the detection surface 2
Since the entire surface of No. 4 is made the flat gold electrode 26, it is possible to suppress a measurement error due to uneven attachment of the stain adherent due to the step.

Moreover, in this embodiment, the crystal diaphragm 18 is used.
Since the annular electrode 27 is provided on the back surface of the crystal vibrating plate 18 and no electrode is present in the central portion of the crystal vibrating plate 18, it is possible to prevent the measurement sensitivity from easily increasing in the central portion of the crystal vibrating plate 18, and to make the measurement sensitivity uniform. Can be achieved. Therefore, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the amount of adhered fouling material. (Second Embodiment) Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, parts different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

Now, as shown in FIG. 8, in the measuring apparatus of the second embodiment, the crystal vibrating plate 18 is not a plano-convex plate but a plate-shaped body having flat surfaces on both sides and is used for heating. The lead wire 32 is welded and connected to the welding points 33a and 33b located on both sides of the annular electrode 27 in the radial direction. Then, by energizing the heating lead wire 32, the back surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 is heated, and the moisture on the surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 is evaporated by the conduction heat from the back surface side.

In this embodiment, since the energization is performed by the annular electrode 27 in the shielded space 28 on the back surface side of the crystal diaphragm 18, electromigration of the electrodes can be prevented. (Third Embodiment) Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, the parts different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.

In this embodiment, the lead wire for high frequency oscillation connected to the connecting portion 30 of the gold electrode 26 formed on the front surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 and the connecting portion 31 of the annular electrode 27 formed on the back surface thereof. A voltage higher than that in the first embodiment is applied to 29. By this application, the crystal diaphragm 18 can be vibrated strongly, and the contaminants adhering to the surface of the gold electrode 26 can be removed.

As described above, in this embodiment, the strong vibration of the crystal vibrating plate 18 makes it possible to effectively remove the adhered contaminants as compared with the physical removal method.
An effect similar to the effect of removing contaminants by washing the surface with rain can be obtained.

In the present invention, the configuration may be changed and embodied as follows. (1) A gold electrode is provided on the entire back surface of the crystal diaphragm 18, and the lead wire 32 for heating is connected to the gold electrode. With this structure, the heating efficiency can be improved. (2) The lead wires 32 for heating are respectively connected to the gold electrode 26 on the front surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 and the annular electrode 27 on the rear surface to heat from both surfaces of the crystal diaphragm 18. Thereby, the heating efficiency can be further improved. (3) The accommodation recess 19 is provided only on the upper surface of the insulator 16,
By changing the position and the number, providing the uppermost hat portion 15 or providing the plurality of hat portions 15 to change the position and the number of the crystal diaphragms 18 accommodated therein. (4) The present invention is applied to the measurement of adhered and polluted substances of outdoor insulators such as normal insulators and lightning insulators for power transmission different from the pole insulator 16 of the above-mentioned embodiment, and other buildings. (5) A thin film having a predetermined thickness is formed over the entire surface of the gold electrode 26 of the crystal diaphragm 18. This thin film is formed by coating the same porcelain glaze applied on the surface of the porcelain insulator 16 or a similar substance such as silica by vapor deposition or the like. With this thin film, the surface of the gold electrode 26 can be maintained to have substantially the same surface properties as the surface of the insulator 16, and the contaminants can be attached to the surface of the gold electrode 26 and the surface of the insulator 16 under substantially the same conditions. . Therefore, it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the amount of adhered pollutants. (6) A temperature sensor is attached in the vicinity of the crystal diaphragm 18, and the temperature sensor is connected to the arithmetic unit 36 via a converter. With this configuration, the crystal diaphragm 1
The temperature in the vicinity of 8 can be detected and the temperature can be corrected in the measurement of the amount of adhered fouling material, and the measurement accuracy can be improved. (7) A humidity sensor is provided in the vicinity of the crystal diaphragm 18, and the humidity sensor is connected to the arithmetic unit 36 via a converter. According to this structure, the atmospheric humidity in the vicinity of the crystal diaphragm 18 can be detected and the humidity can be corrected in the measurement of the amount of adhered fouling substances, and the measurement accuracy can be improved. (8) A dew condensation amount sensor is provided in the vicinity of the crystal diaphragm 18, and the dew condensation amount sensor is connected to the calculation unit 36 via a converter. With this configuration, the amount of water adhered, that is, the amount of dew condensation in the vicinity of the crystal diaphragm 18 can be detected, and the water content can be corrected in the measurement of the amount of adhered fouling, and the measurement accuracy can be improved. (9) Use other vibration modes such as surface acoustic waves as the crystal diaphragm 18. In this piezoelectric element, a pair of electrodes are arranged in parallel on the surface of the quartz crystal diaphragm 18, and a space between the two electrodes serves as a detection surface. (10) A plurality of electrodes are provided on the surface of the crystal diaphragm 18 so as to face each other, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes to vibrate the crystal diaphragm 18. Alternatively, the crystal diaphragm 1
Similarly, a plurality of electrodes are provided on the back surface of 8, and a voltage is applied between the electrodes to vibrate the crystal diaphragm 18. According to this structure, since the electrodes are provided only on one surface of the crystal diaphragm 18, the workability of attaching the electrodes is good, and the insulating coating of the electrode end portions can be easily performed.

Incidentally, the technical idea grasped from the embodiments will be described below. (1) The piezoelectric device according to claim 1, wherein a housing recess is provided on a surface of the outdoor structure, a piezoelectric element is attached to an opening of the housing recess, and a shield space shielded from the outside is provided on a back surface side of the piezoelectric element. Measuring device for contaminants using a device. According to this structure, the front surface of the piezoelectric element can be used as the detection surface, and the back surface can be shielded from moisture and salt. Therefore, even if a heating lead wire is connected to the electrode on the back surface of the piezoelectric element for heating, electromigration of the electrode can be prevented. (2) A contaminated material using the piezoelectric element according to claim 7, wherein a shield space shielded from the outside is provided on the back surface side of the piezoelectric element, and a heating current is applied to the electrode on the back surface side to evaporate water. Measuring method. With this configuration, it is possible to measure the adhered contaminants while preventing electromigration of the electrodes. (3) Between a plurality of electrodes for vibration provided on the piezoelectric element,
The method for measuring contaminants using a piezoelectric element according to claim 7, wherein a high-frequency current is applied so as to remove adhered contaminants by vibration. With this configuration, it is possible to accurately measure the attached fouling substances after removing the water easily.

[0045]

Since the present invention is configured as described above in detail, it has the following excellent effects. According to the inventions of claims 1 and 7, it is possible to directly determine the amount of fouling substances adhering to the surface of the outdoor structure as a change over time, and to measure the amount of fouling contaminants adhering continuously at short measurement intervals. It is possible to quickly obtain continuous data. Moreover, it is possible to accurately measure only the amount of adhered fouling substances. In addition, it is not necessary to mount a new heating component, the number of components can be reduced, and the product cost can be reduced.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the moisture adhering to the surface of the piezoelectric element is rapidly evaporated, and only the adhered contaminants can be measured quickly and accurately. Furthermore, electromigration of the electrodes can be prevented.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the adhered contaminants can be evenly adhered to the surface of the piezoelectric element to improve the accuracy of measuring the amount of contaminants. According to the invention of claim 4,
It is possible to prevent the contaminants attached to the surface of the piezoelectric element from becoming non-uniform due to the unevenness of the surface of the piezoelectric element, and it is possible to improve the measurement accuracy of the amount of attached contaminants.

According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the contaminants attached to the surface of the piezoelectric element are removed by strong vibration, and once the attached contaminants are removed, the amount of newly attached contaminants is accurately measured. be able to.

According to the invention described in claim 6, the piezoelectric element can be effectively vibrated by the voltage applied to the electrodes on both surfaces of the piezoelectric element.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a state where the piezoelectric element according to the first embodiment is attached to a cap portion of an insulator.

FIG. 2 is a front view showing a state in which a pillar insulator is mounted on a steel tower.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the pillar insulator showing the mounting position of the piezoelectric element.

FIG. 4 is a bottom view showing a state in which a piezoelectric element is mounted.

FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a state in which a piezoelectric element is mounted on a pillar insulator.

6A is a plan view showing a state in which a piezoelectric element is mounted on an insulator, and FIG. 6B is a sectional view taken along line 6-6 in FIG.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a measuring mechanism of the contaminant measuring device.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the piezoelectric element according to the second embodiment is attached to a cap portion of an insulator.

[Explanation of symbols]

16 ... Pillar insulator as an outdoor structure, 18 ... Piezoelectric diaphragm as a piezoelectric element, 24 ... Plano surface as a detection surface, 2
5 ... Convex surface, 26 ... Gold electrode, 27 ... Ring electrode.

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A piezoelectric element is mounted on the surface of an outdoor structure,
The piezoelectric element is provided with a plurality of electrodes for vibration, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to vibrate the piezoelectric element, the vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric element is detected, and based on the change in the vibration characteristic, the outdoor structure A pollutant measuring device using a piezoelectric element for determining the amount of polluted pollutant on the surface and for applying a heating current to at least one of the electrodes to evaporate water. 2. A piezoelectric element is mounted on the surface of an outdoor structure,
The piezoelectric element is provided with a plurality of electrodes for vibration, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to vibrate the piezoelectric element, the vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric element is detected, and based on the change in the vibration characteristic, the outdoor structure In addition to determining the amount of adhered fouling on the front surface, the back surface of the piezoelectric element is placed in a shielded space, and an electric current for heating is applied to the electrode provided on the back surface to evaporate the water content. Measuring device for objects. 3. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein one surface is formed in a flat shape, the other surface is formed in a convex shape, and the flat surface is arranged on the front surface side. Two
An apparatus for measuring contaminants, which uses the piezoelectric element according to item 1. 4. The plurality of electrodes provided on the piezoelectric element are formed in a flat plate shape or an annular shape, and the flat plate electrode is arranged on the surface of the piezoelectric element so as to cover an exposed portion of the piezoelectric element, An apparatus for measuring contaminants using the piezoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrodes are arranged on the back surface. 5. The piezoelectric element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a voltage capable of removing attached contaminants by vibration is applied between electrodes for vibration provided on the piezoelectric element. The measuring device used for pollutants. 6. A contaminant measuring device using a piezoelectric element according to claim 1, wherein the vibration electrodes are provided on both surfaces of the piezoelectric element. 7. A piezoelectric element is mounted on the surface of an outdoor structure,
The piezoelectric element is provided with a plurality of electrodes for vibration, a heating current is applied to at least one of the electrodes to evaporate water, and then a voltage is applied between the plurality of electrodes to vibrate the piezoelectric element. A method for measuring a contaminant using a piezoelectric element, which detects the vibration characteristic of the piezoelectric element and obtains the amount of adhered contaminant on the surface of the outdoor structure based on the change in the vibration characteristic.