JPH0817901B2 - Separation material for purifying polluted water and method for purifying polluted water - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application] The present invention relates to a separating material having pores, particularly a separating material in which crushed stones are collectively joined to form pores, and polluted water using the same. The present invention relates to a purification method and a purification device.

[Conventional technology]

As a method for purifying various waste water or polluted water such as river water contaminated with them, various methods have been already proposed and implemented.

These conventional polluted water purification methods are chemical treatment of pollutants in polluted water to dissolve and detoxify,
The method of aggregating and precipitating and separating and removing can be roughly classified into a method of detoxifying the pollutant by biofilm or activated sludge to form flocs, and separating and removing. In biological treatment, development has been promoted in the direction of increasing the treatment area, and a method of treating by alternately providing aerobic and anaerobic fields has been proposed.

Further, for purification of contaminated river water, as one of the above-mentioned methods by biological treatment, a gravel contact oxidation method for purifying river water using a riverbed has been proposed and implemented. This inter-gravel catalytic oxidation method uses BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and SS by flowing river water between layers formed by gravel such as gravel in riverbanks.
(Suspended substances) can be drastically reduced and is attracting attention as an excellent purification method for polluted water such as contaminated river water.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in the conventional polluted water purification method as described above, it is necessary to perform both chemical and biological treatments in a two-step process of a reaction treatment system and a precipitation / separation treatment system.

The inventor, in particular, was conducting research for the purpose of improving the method for efficiently carrying out the gravel-catalyzed oxidation method, and developed a separation material that forms a purification treatment system completely different from the conventional treatment of polluted water. The present invention has been achieved.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention provides a special separation material that can be widely applied not only to water treatment but also to solid-liquid separation, and, unlike the conventional water treatment process, allows the reaction treatment and the separation treatment to coexist in the same system in a single-step process. It is intended to provide a method for purifying polluted water.

[Means for solving the problem]

According to the present invention, a plurality of crushed stones having an average diameter of 1 to 3 cm are aggregated, each contact portion is adhesively fixed, and is formed between crushed stones having an opening having a predetermined diameter on the surface and communicating with the opening inside. An aggregate having an average diameter of about 5 to 20 cm, which has pores and voids, wherein the aggregate has a shape that forms a predetermined gap between the aggregates when a plurality of the aggregates are arranged. A separation material for purifying polluted water is provided.

Further, a plurality of crushed stones having an average diameter of 1 to 3 cm are collected and each contact portion is adhesively fixed, and the surface has an opening of a predetermined diameter, and a pore space formed inside the crushed stones communicating with the opening is formed. It is characterized in that an aggregate having an average diameter of about 5 to 20 cm is purified by circulating polluted water in a purification area in which a plurality of filling gaps are formed by forming a predetermined gap between the aggregates. A method for purifying polluted water is provided.

 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The separating material of the present invention is preferably one in which crushed stones are collectively joined as described below, and usually a large number of pores are optionally formed. It may be formed by forming pores. The pores open on the outer surface of the separating material, and the opening shape may be any shape,
Especially when crushed stones are collectively joined, there are various types, and they are not standard. The size of the openings of the pores is also arbitrary, but the diameter of the narrowest part of the openings is preferably at least 1 mm, and usually a predetermined opening diameter is formed according to the size of the crushed stone. In the case of a crushed stone aggregate in which crushed stones of ~ 3 cm are collectively joined, pores having an opening diameter of about 4-12 mm are generally formed. Further, the pores are not limited in terms of morphology, and may penetrate through the inside of the separating material to form pore voids and communicate with other openings on the outer surface such as the opposite side or are closed inside. Alternatively, the separating material may be branched into any shape such as a linear shape, a curved shape, or a combination thereof, and may be continuously extended.

In the present invention, crushed stone means not only small gravel crushed stones obtained in the natural world, but also artificially formed gravel and crushed stones such as stone materials, plastics and steel materials, and solidified powders thereof. The material may have any specific gravity and is not limited to a material, a shape, or the like, and has a specific gravity that does not float in water. As the crushed stone forming the separating material, the size, the material, the shape, etc. may be appropriately selected according to the usage conditions of the separating material.
Gravel etc. are usually used.

The separating material of the present invention is preferably a collection of two or more, usually a large number of gravel and crushed stone obtained in the above-mentioned natural world, and an opening diameter of 1 mm.
It can be obtained by joining so as to arbitrarily form a large number of the above pores. Usually 2-10 of crushed stone with an average diameter of 0.5-5 cm
00 pieces are joined together, and the joint points or surfaces are adhesively bonded with an adhesive, and the joint points and / or
Alternatively, it can be obtained as a crushed stone aggregate in which the portions other than the surface, that is, the portions other than the adhesively bonded portion, are aggregated and joined so as to form pores having voids without sticking to each other. The joint portion of the crushed stone aggregate can be adhesively bonded using cement or other adhesive material.

Further, the size, shape and the like of the separating material of the present invention are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the use conditions. Generally, crushed stones are collectively joined to have an average diameter of about 5 to 20 cm.

The separating material of the present invention is used for purification of contaminated water in which gravel layers are formed by filling and laminating, and contaminated water is circulated in the gravel layer to be purified, and liquid mixtures having different specific gravities, such as oil-water mixtures, etc. The present invention can be widely applied to the separation treatment of solids suspended in a liquid such as pulp wastewater for papermaking and recycled wastepaper.

When the separation material of the present invention is used for purification of polluted water, a gravel layer is formed by stacking the separation material such as a housing in a fixed volume capable of filling and holding the separation material, and at least a part of the gravel layer is in a flooded state. While maintaining the above, the contaminated water is circulated and treated.

The polluted water targeted in the present invention is wastewater such as factory wastewater, domestic wastewater, and livestock wastewater, and further includes river water contaminated by these wastewaters.

Further, in the polluted water purifying apparatus of the present invention, the above separating material is filled in a housing with or without a lid to form a gravel layer, and the polluted water is cross-flowed, up-flowed or down-flowed. The inflow water outlet and the outflow water outlet are arranged so that the gravel layer is circulated and the submerged state is maintained, thereby purifying polluted water.

In this case, the housing is not particularly limited in its size, shape, etc. as long as it can hold a plurality of the above separating materials and has a certain volume. Further, in the flooded state of the gravel layer, in the gravel layer formed by filling the separating material in a plurality of layers, the entire gravel layer may be kept in a flooded state, or at least a part thereof may be kept in a flooded state. Alternatively, for example, the upper part of the gravel layer may be exposed in the space in the lateral flow process.

In the purification treatment of the polluted water of the present invention, when dissolved oxygen alone which is naturally taken in from the air during the circulation of the polluted water is not sufficient for the catalytic oxidation treatment between the separation materials, air or gravel layers filled with the separation material are used. The treatment may be performed by appropriately aerating with oxygen or the like, or a step may be provided in the gravel layer in the housing so that the contaminated water flowing between the gravel layers is dropped and aerated.

Furthermore, the separation material of the present invention can be used in the conventional gravel contact oxidation treatment in place of the gravel such as the conventional gravel to subject the polluted contaminated river water to the contact oxidation treatment. in this case,
It is possible to treat polluted river water by branching as before,
It is also possible to directly flow river water into the gravel layer without branching for treatment.

[Action]

The separating material of the present invention has an opening having a pore having a predetermined opening diameter of 1 mm or more, preferably crushed stones are collectively joined to form a pore inside the separating material. It is completely different from the separation material.

When the above separating material is filled in a plurality of constant volumes, a gap formed between each separating material, due to the difference in the pore size and the opening diameter due to the pores formed between the crushed stones inside the separating material,
It can be applied to the separation operation of liquid mixtures having different specific gravities, and the solid-liquid separation of liquids containing various solids.

That is, when the gravel layer is formed using the separating material of the present invention,
In addition to the pores of the separating material, gaps are also formed between the separating materials, and the pores and the gaps between the separating materials are not uniform and differ in size and shape in a wide range. Therefore, when the liquid flows through the gravel layer, the flow velocity differs depending on each gap and the pore, and a difference in flow velocity occurs within a single gravel layer. Therefore, the solids existing in the liquid such as floating are separated by the flow velocity difference due to the size and the like.

Further, in the purification of the polluted water of the present invention, in the gravel layer through which the polluted water flows, the porosity is approximately equal to the pores formed in the separator due to the gaps between the separators as described above.
60-75%, 90% or more depending on conditions. Therefore,
The separation space for suspended matters in polluted water will increase significantly, and the biogenic area in the reaction area will also increase.

Further, not only does the porosity of the gravel layer increase and the surface area of the reaction zone increases, but the action mechanism between the pores in the separating material and the gap formed between the separating materials greatly differs. That is,
When the treated polluted water is made to flow into the flooded gravel layer,
Generally, in the gap formed between the separating materials, the reaction treatment of the pollutants by the normal catalytic oxidation action proceeds in an aerobic state, while
An anaerobic state occurs in the pores, and an anaerobic reaction treatment is performed. Also, when polluted water flows between the gravel layers,
While the flow velocity of the polluted water increases between the separation materials, the polluted water that has invaded in the pores during the flooding condition will accumulate or accumulate, or the flow velocity will be zero or an extremely slow flow velocity will occur. . Therefore, contaminants of various sizes and forms that are dissolved or suspended in polluted water are separated and accumulated and collected at any place between the gravel layers according to each size due to the above separating action and flow velocity distribution generated between the gravel layers. , Each collection point,
The polluted water is purified by aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment according to the collected pollutants.

In this case, the anaerobic reaction state and flow velocity in the pores change depending on the flow rate of the polluted water and the opening diameter and depth of the pores. Therefore, depending on each size, form, etc. of various contaminants dissolved or suspended in the polluted water, the opening diameter and depth of the pores,
Further, it is preferable to appropriately select the flow velocity between the gravel layers of the polluted water.

As described above, in the purification treatment of polluted water of the present invention, while coexisting the aerobic zone and the anaerobic zone in the gravel layer of a single polluted water treatment step, 10 ~ 0 cm / between the single gravel layer. Since a wide flow rate distribution of 2 seconds can be maintained, it becomes possible to purify even finer pollutants compared to the conventional gravel contact oxidation treatment in which crushed stone itself is simply filled, making polluted water more effective. Can be purified.

Further, in the polluted water purification process of the present invention, various gaps and pores are present between the gravel layers by the separation material of the present invention as described above, and the contaminants change their morphology while passing through the gravel layers. Depending on the conditions, most of the contaminants are purified by reaction treatment in the corresponding gaps and pores, and at the same time, reaction products and the like are sedimented and separated to the lower part or downstream side of the gravel layer, so the treated water flowing out from the gravel layer Does not require the final precipitation separation treatment that has been conventionally performed, and the reaction treatment and the precipitation separation treatment can be performed in the same gravel layer, and the polluted water can be purified in a single step treatment.

As described above, the separation material of the present invention and the purification treatment of polluted water, in particular, the increase of the porosity and the increase of the reaction surface area, the difference in the specific gravity due to the difference in the flow velocity in the gap between the separation materials and the pores of the separation material, It is characterized by capturing various suspended solids, coexistence of aerobic and anaerobic reactions, and coexistence of reaction zone and final precipitation separation zone.

〔Example〕

Examples of the present invention will be described in detail below. However, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

Examples 1 to 2 [Formation of Separation Material] Separation material 1 of a crushed stone aggregate as shown in FIG. 1, crushed stone 2 having irregularities on the surface having an average diameter of about 1 to 3 cm, and voids formed therein. , And were cemented so as to have an average diameter of about 10 cm, and then adhesively bonded with cement. Obtained separation material 1
Had a porosity of 70%.

[Treatment of polluted water between separation material-filled gravel layers] A rectangular parallelepiped with a width of 20 cm, a depth of 20 cm, and a length of 3 m, with a contaminated water inlet provided at the bottom of one end side surface and an upper portion of the other end side surface,
The separation material formed as described above was filled into the tank in which the overflow outlet of the treated water was arranged to just below the overflow outlet to form a gravel layer.

After filling the tank with water by inflowing water from the inflow port into the tank, the whole area of the gravel layer filled with the separating material is flooded, and then in the length direction of the gravel layer from the inflow port, that is, in a cross flow. First
The polluted water of each property shown in the table was circulated at each flow velocity, and the property of the treated water at the overflow outlet was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Instead of the above-prepared separation material, as shown in FIG.
The plastic rod 3 with a diameter of about 5 mm is used as the support,
A linear plastic 4 with a diameter of about 1 mm is spirally formed on the top
And entangled and joined together under the product name Hetimaron (Shinko Nye
Ron Co., Ltd. was used as a separating filler. This loofah
Ron Had a porosity of 95%.

 Hetimaron In the same manner as in Example 1 except that
Filled to form a gravel tank.

Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, the polluted water of each property shown in Table 1 was caused to flow at each flow rate, and the property of the treated water at the overflow outlet was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

Comparative Examples 3 to 4 The crushed stone used for forming the crushed stone aggregate 1 in the formation of the separating material in Example 1 was replaced with the separating material as it was and filled in the same manner as in Example 1, and the same gravel as in the conventional gravel contact oxidation treatment. A bath was formed.

Further, in the same manner as in Example 1, the polluted water of each property shown in Table 1 was caused to flow at each flow rate, and the property of the treated water at the overflow outlet was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

 Filling the separating material of the present invention from the above examples and comparative examples
In the gravel layer, the content of SS, COD and chlorophyll a
All of them are effectively removed, while those with high porosity
Cimarron Just like the conventional oxidative treatment between gravel and
In the gravel layer filled with, SS and chlorophyll a are relatively
Efficient removal, but not COD
I understand. Also, for polluted water with a high concentration of chlorophyll a
In comparison, in Comparative Examples 2 and 4, the removal rate was decreased.
However, the gravel layer using the separating material of the present invention has an extremely high removal rate.
Is obtained, and it can be seen that the anaerobic treatment is sufficiently performed.

〔The invention's effect〕

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The separating material of the present invention can be applied to separation of a liquid mixture having a specific gravity difference or separation operation of solids floating in a liquid due to a difference in flow velocity caused by a difference between each separating material gap and a separation material pore.

Further, particularly when polluted water is purified using the separating material of the present invention, it is possible to purify even minute contaminants that could not be captured and purified in the conventional purification treatment, and a single gravel layer treatment system. It is extremely useful because it can perform aerobic treatment and anaerobic treatment as well as precipitation separation treatment, and can efficiently purify various wastewater and polluted water such as rivers contaminated with the wastewater.

[Brief description of drawings]

 FIG. 1 is a schematic explanatory view of the separating material of the present invention, and FIG.
Hetimaron used for comparison It is a schematic explanatory diagram of
It 1 ... Crushed stone aggregate, 2 ... Crushed stone 3 ... Plastic rod, 4 ... Linear plastic

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A plurality of crushed stones having an average diameter of 1 to 3 cm are assembled and each contact portion is adhesively fixed, and has fine openings formed on the surface thereof between the crushed stones communicating with the openings. A pollutant having an average diameter of about 5 to 20 cm, which has pores and voids, and has a shape that forms a predetermined gap between the aggregates when a plurality of the aggregates are arranged. Separation material for water purification. 2. A plurality of crushed stones having an average diameter of 1 to 3 cm, each contact portion being adhered and fixed, and having fine holes formed on the surface thereof between the crushed stones communicating with the openings. It is possible to purify an aggregate having pores with an average diameter of about 5 to 20 cm by flowing polluted water into a purification area in which a plurality of filling gaps are formed by forming a predetermined gap between the aggregates. A characteristic method for purifying polluted water.