JPH08126901A - Opposed spindle lathe - Google Patents
Opposed spindle latheInfo
- Publication number
- JPH08126901A JPH08126901A JP28877194A JP28877194A JPH08126901A JP H08126901 A JPH08126901 A JP H08126901A JP 28877194 A JP28877194 A JP 28877194A JP 28877194 A JP28877194 A JP 28877194A JP H08126901 A JPH08126901 A JP H08126901A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- spindle
- headstock
- machining
- tool rest
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は対向主軸旋盤に関するも
ので、詳しくは主軸間のワークの受け渡しと一方の主軸
に対して二つの刃物台による同時加工が可能な４軸制御
の対向主軸旋盤に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an opposed spindle lathe, and more particularly to a opposed spindle lathe with four-axis control capable of transferring a workpiece between the spindles and simultaneously machining one spindle with two tool rests. It is a thing.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】従来、ワークの表裏加工を可能とする対
向主軸旋盤には、４軸制御と５軸又は６軸制御とがあ
る。４軸制御の対向主軸旋盤は、図２（ａ）に示すよう
にそれぞれ主軸軸線方向（Ｚ軸方向）に移動位置決め可
能な対向する二つの主軸台１０１，１０２と、主軸中心
線ａ−ａの上側にベッド上の共通のＺ軸案内に沿って主
軸軸線と直角な方向（Ｘ軸方向）に移動位置決め可能に
設けられた二つの刃物台１０３，１０４とを備えてなる
対向主軸旋盤と、図２（ｂ）に示すように、一方の主軸
台１０５が固定で、これに対向する主軸台１０６がＺ軸
方向に移動位置決め可能で、主軸中心線ａ−ａの上側に
ベッド上の共通のＺ軸案内に沿って移動位置決め可能に
設けられた二つの刃物台１０７，１０８のうち一方の刃
物台１０７のみがＸ軸方向にも移動位置決め可能に構成
された対向主軸旋盤とがある。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there are four-axis control and five-axis or six-axis control for an opposed main spindle lathe capable of processing the front and back of a work. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the opposed spindle lathe of four-axis control includes two opposed headstocks 101 and 102 capable of moving and positioning in the spindle axis direction (Z-axis direction) and a spindle centerline aa. An opposed spindle lathe provided with two tool rests 103, 104 provided on the upper side so as to be movable and positioned along a common Z-axis guide on the bed in a direction (X-axis direction) perpendicular to the spindle axis, As shown in FIG. 2 (b), one headstock 105 is fixed, and the headstock 106 facing the headstock 105 can be moved and positioned in the Z-axis direction, and a common Z on the bed is located above the spindle centerline aa. There is an opposed main spindle lathe in which only one of the two tool rests 107, 108 provided so as to be movable and positionable along the axis guide is also configured to be movable and positionable in the X-axis direction.
【０００３】また、６軸制御対向主軸旋盤は、図３
（ａ）に示すように両主軸台１０９，１１０がそれぞれ
Ｚ軸方向に移動位置決め可能で、主軸中心線ａ−ａの上
側の刃物台１１１と下側の刃物台１１２はベッド上のそ
れぞれのＺ軸案内上にヒ軸案内を有するサドルを介して
Ｘ軸及びＺ軸方向に移動位置決め可能に構成された対向
主軸旋盤であり、５軸制御対向主軸旋盤は図３（ｂ）に
示すように両主軸台１１３，１１４がそれぞれＺ軸方向
に移動決め可能で、主軸中心線ａ−ａの上側の刃物台１
１５がＸ軸方向にのみ移動位置決め可能で、下側の刃物
台１１６がＸ軸及びＺ軸方向に移動位置決め可能に構成
された対向主軸旋盤とがある。Further, the 6-axis control opposed spindle lathe is shown in FIG.
As shown in (a), both headstocks 109 and 110 can be respectively moved and positioned in the Z-axis direction, and the upper tool rest 111 and the lower tool rest 112 on the spindle center line aa are respectively located on the bed. It is an opposed spindle lathe configured to be movable and positioned in the X-axis and Z-axis directions through a saddle having a shaft guide on the axis guide. The headstocks 113 and 114 are each movable in the Z-axis direction, and the tool rest 1 on the upper side of the spindle centerline aa
There is an opposed spindle lathe in which 15 is movable and positionable only in the X-axis direction, and the lower tool rest 116 is movable and positionable in the X-axis and Z-axis directions.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】従来の技術で述べた４
軸制御の対向主軸旋盤は、一つの主軸に対して一つの刃
物台による加工しかすることができない構造で、例えば
表側の一次加工と裏側の二次加工の加工時間がアンバラ
ンスのワークの場合、長い方のタクトにより加工時間が
決まってしまい非能率であるという問題を有している。
また５軸又は６軸制御の対向主軸旋盤は、片側又は両側
の主軸に対して二つの刃物台による同時加工が可能で、
これにより加工時間の短縮は可能であるが、制御軸数が
増えるごとにコストが大幅に高くなるという問題を有し
ている。DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problem to be Solved by the Invention 4
The counter-spindle lathe with axis control has a structure in which only one tool post can be used to process one spindle.For example, in the case of a workpiece with unbalanced machining time between the primary machining on the front side and the secondary machining on the back side, There is a problem in that the machining time is determined by the longer tact, which is inefficient.
In addition, a 5-axis or 6-axis controlled counterspindle lathe is capable of simultaneous machining with two turrets for one or both spindles.
Although the processing time can be shortened by this, there is a problem that the cost increases significantly as the number of control axes increases.
【０００５】本発明は従来の技術の有するこのような問
題点に鑑みなされたものであり、その目的とするところ
は、比較的コストの安い４軸制御で主軸間のワークの受
け渡しと、片側の主軸に対して二つの刃物台による同時
加工を可能とする加工時間の短縮ができる対向主軸旋盤
を提供しようとするものである。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to transfer a work between main spindles by means of four-axis control, which is relatively inexpensive, and for one side. An object of the present invention is to provide an opposed spindle lathe capable of shortening the machining time which enables simultaneous machining of two turrets on a spindle.
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するため
に本発明における対向主軸旋盤は、ベース上に固定の第
１主軸台と、前記第１主軸台と主軸中心線を共有して対
向し主軸軸線方向のＺ１軸方向に移動位置決め可能に設
けられた第２主軸台と、前記主軸中心線を界として片側
に設けられ主軸軸線方向のＺ２軸方向及び主軸軸線と直
角なＸ１軸方向に移動位置決め可能な第１刃物台と、前
記主軸中心線を挟んで前記第１刃物台の反対側に設けら
れ主軸軸線と直角なＸ２軸方向のみに移動位置決め可能
な第２刃物台とを設けてなり、Ｘ１，Ｘ２，Ｚ１，Ｚ２
の４軸制御でワークの受け渡しと一方の主軸台に対する
第１刃物台及び第２刃物台による同時加工とを可能にし
たものである。In order to achieve the above object, an opposed spindle lathe according to the present invention faces a first headstock fixed on a base and shares a spindle centerline with the first headstock. A second headstock provided so as to be movable and positionable in the Z1 axis direction of the main spindle axis direction, and moved in the Z2 axis direction of the main spindle axis direction and the X1 axis direction perpendicular to the main spindle axis direction on one side with the center line of the main spindle as a boundary A first turret that can be positioned, and a second turret that is provided on the opposite side of the first turret with the spindle centerline interposed therebetween and that can be moved and positioned only in the X2 axis direction that is perpendicular to the spindle axis. , X1, X2, Z1, Z2
The four-axis control enables workpiece transfer and simultaneous machining of one headstock by the first tool post and the second tool post.
【０００７】[0007]
【作用】第１主軸台の第１チャックにワークの素材を把
持して第１刃物台のＸ軸及びＺ軸移動によりワークの裏
側の一次加工を行い、一次加工が終わると、第２主軸台
がＺ軸方向第１主軸台側に移動して第１チャックから第
２主軸台の第２チャックへのワークの受け渡しが行わ
れ、第２主軸台が反第１主軸台側に移動して、第２主軸
台のＺ軸移動と第２刃物台のＸ軸移動によりワーク裏面
の二次加工が行われる。この一次・二次加工は通常同一
時間内に行われ、加工時間のアンバランスで例えば二次
加工が長い場合、一次加工の終わった第１刃物台と第２
刃物台との同時切削を行って加工時の短縮を図る。[Function] The first chuck of the first headstock grips the workpiece material, and the X-axis and Z-axis movements of the first tool rest perform the primary machining on the back side of the workpiece. After the primary machining, the second spindle stock is finished. Moves to the first headstock side in the Z-axis direction to transfer the work from the first chuck to the second chuck of the second headstock, and the second headstock moves to the opposite first headstock side. Secondary machining of the back surface of the work is performed by the Z-axis movement of the second headstock and the X-axis movement of the second tool rest. This primary / secondary machining is usually performed within the same time. For example, if the secondary machining is long due to the imbalance of machining time, the first tool post and the second turret
Simultaneous cutting with the turret reduces the machining time.
【０００８】[0008]
【実施例】以下本発明の実施例を図面にもとづいて説明
する。図１は４軸制御の対向主軸旋盤の概略構成図であ
って、第１主軸台１は図示しないベース上に固着されて
おり、第１主軸台１に第１主軸２が回転可能に軸承され
ていて第１主軸２の先端に第１チャック３が同心に取着
されている。第２主軸台４は図示しないベッド上に設け
られている二つのＺ軸方向の案内のうち、下側の案内上
に移動位置決め可能に載置されており、第２主軸台４に
第２主軸５が第１主軸２と同心かつ対向して回転可能に
軸承されている。第２主軸５の先端に第２チャック６が
同心に取着され、第２主軸台４は図示しないＺ軸モータ
によりボールねじを介して駆動される。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a four-axis controlled opposed spindle lathe, in which a first spindle headstock 1 is fixed on a base (not shown), and a first spindle headstock 1 is rotatably supported by a first spindle headstock 1. The first chuck 3 is concentrically attached to the tip of the first spindle 2. The second headstock 4 is mounted on a lower guide of two guides in the Z-axis direction provided on a bed (not shown) so that the second headstock 4 can be moved and positioned. 5 is rotatably supported concentrically and opposite to the first main shaft 2. A second chuck 6 is concentrically attached to the tip of the second spindle 5, and the second spindle stock 4 is driven by a Z-axis motor (not shown) via a ball screw.
【０００９】両主軸２，５の共有の中心線ａ−ａの上側
に第１刃物台７が、また下側に第２刃物台９がそれぞれ
設けられていて、第１刃物台７は、図示しないベッド上
の上側のＺ軸案内上に移動位置決め可能に設けられてい
る図示しないサドル上のＸ軸方向の案内上に移動位置決
め可能に載置されていて、図示しないＺ軸モータとＸ軸
モータによりそれぞれボールねじを介して駆動される。
第１刃物台７にはＺ軸方向の旋回中心軸のまわりで旋回
割出し可能に第１タレット８が設けられていて、タレッ
ト８の複数の工具取付位置には第１主軸対応のバイトＴ
1 と第２主軸対応のバイトＴ2 とが着脱可能に取着され
ている。A first tool rest 7 is provided above the common center line aa of the two spindles 2, 5 and a second tool rest 9 is provided below the common center line aa. The first tool rest 7 is shown in the drawing. A Z-axis motor and an X-axis motor (not shown), which are movably positioned on a guide in the X-axis direction on a saddle (not shown) that is provided on the upper Z-axis guide on the bed Driven by ball screws respectively.
The first turret 7 is provided with a first turret 8 which can be swivel-indexed around a swivel center axis in the Z-axis direction, and a plurality of tool mounting positions of the turret 8 correspond to the first spindle T.
1 and a bite T 2 corresponding to the second spindle are detachably attached.
【００１０】第２刃物台９は、図示しないベッドの前側
に固着の図示しない固定台上に設けられているＸ軸方向
の案内上に移動位置決め可能に載置されていて、図示し
ないＸ軸モータによりボールねじを介して駆動される。
第２刃物台９にはＺ軸方向の旋回中心軸のまわりで旋回
割出し可能に第２タレット１０が設けられていて、タレ
ット１０の複数の工具取付位置に第２主軸対応のバイト
Ｔ3 が着脱可能に取着されている。The second turret 9 is movably mounted on a guide in the X-axis direction provided on a fixed base (not shown) fixed to the front side of a bed (not shown), and an X-axis motor (not shown) is mounted on the guide. Driven by a ball screw.
The second turret 9 is provided with a second turret 10 capable of swiveling and indexing around a swiveling center axis in the Z-axis direction, and a plurality of tool mounting positions of the turret 10 are provided with bites T 3 corresponding to the second spindle. It is detachably attached.
【００１１】続いて上述のように構成されてなる本実施
例の対向主軸旋盤の作用を説明する。第１チャック３に
ローダ又は手動でワーク（素材）が取付けられ、第１刃
物台７のＸ軸及びＺ軸方向の移動でバイトＴ1 によりワ
ーク表側の一次加工が行われる。一次加工が終わると、
第１刃物台７が干渉のない位置に退避したのち、第２主
軸台４がＺ軸方向第１主軸２側に移動し、第２チャック
６の開かれている把持爪内に一次加工の終わったワーク
の加工済部位が挿入され、第２チャック６の把持爪が閉
じてワークを把持する。続いて第１チャック３の把持爪
が開いてワークを解放し、ワークの受け渡しが終わる。Next, the operation of the opposed main spindle lathe of this embodiment constructed as described above will be described. A work (material) is attached to the first chuck 3 by a loader or manually, and by the movement of the first tool rest 7 in the X-axis and Z-axis directions, the primary machining of the work surface side is performed by the bite T 1 . When the primary processing is over,
After the first tool rest 7 is retracted to a position where there is no interference, the second headstock 4 moves to the Z-axis first spindle 2 side, and the primary machining ends in the open gripping claws of the second chuck 6. The processed part of the work is inserted, and the gripping claws of the second chuck 6 are closed to grip the work. Subsequently, the grasping claws of the first chuck 3 are opened to release the work, and the work transfer is completed.
【００１２】次いで第２チャック６にワークを把持した
第２主軸台がＺ軸方向反主軸側に移動し、ワークが第１
チャック３から離れると、再び第１チャック３にワーク
（素材）が把持されて上述の一次加工が再開される。Then, the second headstock holding the work on the second chuck 6 moves to the Z-axis direction opposite to the main spindle side, and the work moves to the first position.
When separated from the chuck 3, the work (material) is again gripped by the first chuck 3 and the above-mentioned primary processing is restarted.
【００１３】この一次加工と同一時間帯において第２主
軸台４の第２チャック６に把持されてＺ軸方向反主軸側
に移動した一次加工の終わったワークに対して、第２主
軸台４のＺ軸移動と、第２刃物台９のＸ軸移動によりバ
イトＴ3 によりワーク裏側の二次加工が行われる。そし
て二次加工が一次加工に比して加工時間が長い場合に
は、一次加工が終了次第、第１刃物台７が第２主軸側に
移動してバイトＴ2 により第２刃物台９との同時加工が
行われる。In the same time zone as the primary machining, the second chuck 4 of the second headstock 4 is attached to the workpiece which is gripped by the second chuck 6 of the second headstock 4 and moved to the Z-axis direction anti-spindle side. By the Z-axis movement and the X-axis movement of the second turret 9, secondary processing of the back side of the work is performed by the cutting tool T 3 . If the machining time for the secondary machining is longer than that for the primary machining, as soon as the primary machining is completed, the first turret 7 moves to the second spindle side, and the tool T 2 moves to the second turret 9. Simultaneous processing is performed.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】本発明は上述のとおり構成されているの
で、次に記載する効果を奏する。ベースに固定の第１主
軸台に対向する第２主軸台をＺ軸移動位置決め可能な１
軸制御とし、主軸中心線を界として何れか一方に設けた
第１刃物台をＸ軸及びＺ軸移動位置決め可能な２軸制御
とし、主軸中心線を挟んで第１刃物台の反対側に設けた
第２刃物台をＸ軸移動位置決めのみ可能な１軸制御とし
た４軸制御構成の対向主軸旋盤としたので、両主軸間の
ワークの受け渡しは勿論、第２主軸に対して第１及び第
２刃物台による同時加工が可能となり、一つの主軸に対
して一つの刃物台による加工しかできなかった従来の４
軸制御の対向旋盤に比して、一次と二次の加工時間のア
ンバランスなワークの場合に、加工時間の短縮が可能と
なり、コストが安く生産能率が高い対向主軸旋盤とな
る。Since the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. A second headstock facing the first headstock fixed to the base can be moved and positioned in the Z-axis 1
Axis control is used, and the first turret provided on either side of the spindle centerline is used as two-axis control capable of X-axis and Z-axis movement positioning, and is provided on the opposite side of the first turret across the spindle centerline. Since the second turret is an opposed spindle lathe with a 4-axis control configuration in which only X-axis movement positioning is possible, it is possible to transfer workpieces between the two spindles, as well as the first and second spindles. It is possible to perform simultaneous machining with two turrets, and it is possible to perform machining with only one turret on one spindle.
Compared to an axis-controlled opposed lathe, in the case of a work in which the primary and secondary machining times are unbalanced, the machining time can be shortened, and the cost is low and the opposed spindle lathe has high production efficiency.
【図１】本発明の実施例の４軸制御対向主軸旋盤の概略
構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a four-axis control opposed spindle lathe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】従来技術の４軸制御対向主軸旋盤の構成図であ
り、（ａ）は両主軸台ともＺ軸移動可能で、両刃物台が
Ｘ軸方向のみ移動可能な態様を表し、（ｂ）は主軸台が
片方のみＺ軸移動可能で、刃物台が一方がＸ軸及びＺ軸
移動可能で、他方がＸ軸方向にのみ移動可能な態様を表
す図である。FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a conventional four-axis control opposed spindle lathe, in which (a) shows a mode in which both spindle heads can move in the Z-axis and both tool rests can move only in the X-axis direction; FIG. 8A is a view showing a mode in which the headstock is movable in only one Z-axis, one is movable in X-axis and Z-axis, and the other is movable in the X-axis direction only.
【図３】従来の技術の対向主軸旋盤の構成図で、（ａ）
は６軸制御の対向主軸旋盤を表し、（ｂ）は５軸制御の
対向主軸旋盤を表す図である。FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of a conventional opposed spindle lathe, (a)
6A and 6B show a 6-axis controlled opposed spindle lathe, and FIG. 6B is a view showing a 5-axis controlled opposed spindle lathe.
１ 第１主軸台 ２ 第１主軸 ３ 第１チャック ４ 第２主軸台 ５ 第２主軸 ６ 第２チャック ７ 第１刃物台 ８ 第１タレット ９ 第２刃物台 １０ 第２タレット 1 1st spindle head 2 1st spindle 3 1st chuck 4 2nd spindle stock 5 2nd spindle 6 2nd chuck 7 1st turret 8 1st turret 9 2nd turret 10 2nd turret
Claims (1)
１主軸台と主軸中心線を共有して対向し主軸軸線方向の
Ｚ１軸方向に移動位置決め可能に設けられた第２主軸台
と、前記主軸中心線を界として片側に設けられ主軸軸線
方向のＺ２軸方向及び主軸軸線と直角なＸ１軸方向に移
動位置決め可能な第１刃物台と、前記主軸中心線を挟ん
で前記第１刃物台の反対側に設けられ主軸軸線と直角な
Ｘ２軸方向のみに移動位置決め可能な第２刃物台とを設
けてなり、Ｘ１，Ｘ２，Ｚ１，Ｚ２の４軸制御でワーク
の受け渡しと一方の主軸台に対する第１刃物台及び第２
刃物台による同時加工とを可能にしたことを特徴とする
対向主軸旋盤。1. A first headstock fixed on a base, and a second headstock provided so as to face the first headstock by sharing a spindle centerline and capable of moving and positioning in the Z1 axis direction of the spindle axis direction. And a first tool post which is provided on one side with the spindle center line as a boundary and is capable of moving and positioning in the Z2 axis direction of the spindle axis direction and the X1 axis direction perpendicular to the spindle axis line, and the first tool pinch sandwiching the spindle center line. A second tool rest provided on the opposite side of the tool rest and capable of moving and positioning only in the X2 axis direction perpendicular to the spindle axis is provided, and the workpiece is transferred and one of the two is controlled by four axis control of X1, X2, Z1 and Z2. First Turret and Second for Headstock
An opposed spindle lathe that is capable of simultaneous machining with a turret.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28877194A JPH08126901A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1994-10-27 | Opposed spindle lathe |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28877194A JPH08126901A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1994-10-27 | Opposed spindle lathe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH08126901A true JPH08126901A (en) | 1996-05-21 |
Family
ID=17734507
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28877194A Pending JPH08126901A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1994-10-27 | Opposed spindle lathe |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH08126901A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001066289A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Numerically controlled lathe and method of machining work using this numerically controlled lathe |
| WO2001066290A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Tool holder and method of machining work using this tool holder |
| US6626075B2 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2003-09-30 | Nakamura-Tome Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Composite NC lathe |
| US6640678B2 (en) | 2000-01-18 | 2003-11-04 | Nakamura-Tome Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Lathe with two-opposed spindles |
| JPWO2002024385A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2004-01-29 | シチズン時計株式会社 | Numerically controlled lathe and machining method of workpiece by this numerically controlled lathe |
| GB2494965B (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2016-02-24 | Midpit Pty Ltd | Precision manufacture of lawn bowling balls |
-
1994
- 1994-10-27 JP JP28877194A patent/JPH08126901A/en active Pending
Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6626075B2 (en) | 1999-10-28 | 2003-09-30 | Nakamura-Tome Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Composite NC lathe |
| US6640678B2 (en) | 2000-01-18 | 2003-11-04 | Nakamura-Tome Precision Industry Co., Ltd. | Lathe with two-opposed spindles |
| WO2001066289A1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Numerically controlled lathe and method of machining work using this numerically controlled lathe |
| WO2001066290A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2001-09-13 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Tool holder and method of machining work using this tool holder |
| EP1275455A1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2003-01-15 | Citizen Watch Co. Ltd. | Tool holder and method of machining work using this tool holder |
| US6971294B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2005-12-06 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Numerically controlled lathe and method of machining work using this numerically controlled lathe |
| US7055416B2 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2006-06-06 | Citizen Watch Co., Ltd. | Tool holder and method of machining work using this tool holder |
| EP1275455A4 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2009-08-12 | Citizen Holdings Co Ltd | Tool holder and method of machining work using this tool holder |
| JPWO2002024385A1 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2004-01-29 | シチズン時計株式会社 | Numerically controlled lathe and machining method of workpiece by this numerically controlled lathe |
| JP5005874B2 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2012-08-22 | シチズンホールディングス株式会社 | Numerically controlled lathe and machining method of workpiece by this numerically controlled lathe |
| GB2494965B (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2016-02-24 | Midpit Pty Ltd | Precision manufacture of lawn bowling balls |
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