JPH0812331B2 - Spider support structure - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a reflecting telescope device used in the field of observing astronomical objects such as nebulae and black holes, and more particularly to a spider support structure that supports a subreflector thereof. is there.

[Conventional technology]

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a general reflection telescope device, and FIG. 10 is an optical system sectional view for explaining the function thereof. In FIG. 9, (1) is a base structure for mounting a reflecting telescope, which is capable of rotating about a horizontal axis in the direction of the arrow AZ, and the telescope in the direction of the horizontal axis in the direction of the arrow EL. It is rotatably supported around it. (2) is a main reflecting mirror, (2a) is a hole formed in this main reflecting mirror, (3) is a center section that supports the main reflecting mirror (2), and (4) is attached to the side surface of this center section. flame,
(5) is an envelope, (6) is a spider attached and supported by this envelope, and (7) is a sub-reflector attached and supported by a spider.

FIG. 10 is a view showing the incorporation of a conventional optical envelope into a reflecting telescope and its optical path, and (1) to (2a) are the same as in FIG. (5a) is an optical envelope, (6a) is an optical spider mounted and supported by this envelope, (7a) is an optical sub-reflector mounted and supported by this spider, (8)
Is the observation device, and (9a) is the observation light of the observation signal that arrives from the celestial body under observation.

FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a conventional infrared envelope to be exchanged and its optical path when observing infrared rays with respect to FIG. (5b) is an infrared envelope, (6b) is an infrared spider mounted and supported by this envelope, (7b) is an infrared sub-reflector mounted and supported by this spider, and (9b) is an astronomical object under observation. It is the observation infrared ray of the observation signal that arrives from.

Next, the operation will be described. In FIG. 10, for example, an observation signal (9a) that arrives from the celestial body under observation is focused on the main reflecting mirror (2) along the arrow in FIG. The main reflection mirror (2) reflects the observation signal (9) toward the sub reflection mirror (7a).
The reflected light is reflected again by the sub-reflecting mirror (7a), passes through the hole (2a) formed in the center of the main reflecting mirror (2), and is focused on the observation device (8). The main reflecting mirror (2) and the sub-reflecting mirror (7a) have, for example, curved mirror surfaces so as to have a parabolic or hyperboloidal relationship, so that, for example, the observation signal (9) is placed on the observation device (8). Is configured to focus. There are two types of sub-reflecting mirrors (7) for optics and infrared. For infrared, a high frequency is used to cancel the temporal fluctuation of noise in the infrared band radiated by the sky and make it easier to find the observed infrared (9b). Need to vibrate. An arrow in the figure indicates an example of the vibration direction. Therefore, for the infrared light, a light weight sub-reflecting mirror (7b) shown in FIG. 11 is used as compared with the optical one. Therefore, it is necessary to replace the sub-reflecting mirror (7) during optical observation and during infrared observation. This replacement method includes a method of replacing only the sub-reflecting mirror (7) and a method of preparing two kinds of envelope assemblies (for optical and infrared) and replacing the entire envelope assembly. The method of exchanging only the sub-reflecting mirror (7) is rarely used because of the problems described below in FIGS. 12 and 13, and the latter method is exclusively used.

FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 show the configuration when only the sub-reflecting mirror (7) is replaced. In the figure, (7c) is a support structure for the sub-reflecting mirror (7). In this configuration, thermal noise is generated by the amount of the thermal noise generation area = the projected area of the support structure (7c) + the projected area of the spider (6) and deteriorates the S / N ratio of the observed signal.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 14, in order to radiate noise infrared rays (10) and make it enter the main reflecting mirror (2), as shown by the arrow in the figure,
The observation device (8) is made to receive the noise infrared ray (10) of the temperature of the spider support structure through the sub-reflecting mirror (7). On the other hand, the observation signal (9) coming from the celestial body also enters the observation device (8). Therefore, the noise infrared ray (10) generated by the spider support structure is unnecessary noise and deteriorates the S / N ratio of the signal. This S / N ratio is expressed by the following equation.

Conventionally, a solution has been taken to reduce the projected area of the spider (6) as much as possible, but in order to support the weight of the sub-reflector (7) and the spider (6), the plate thickness of the spider (6) is There was a limit to how thin it was, and it was not possible to remove noise significantly.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Since the conventional spider support structure is configured as described above, it is necessary to prepare two types of envelope assemblies for optical and infrared. Further, when exchanging a heavy envelope assembly, an exchanging mechanism capable of withstanding the weight is required, and it is difficult to accurately reproduce the assembled state using the exchanging mechanism. Thermal noise generated by the structure that supports the sub-reflector and the spider deteriorates the S / N ratio of the observed signal, and buckling occurs when the sub-reflector and the structure that supports the sub-reflector are fixed. Do not let it happen, that is, even if the self-weight of the sub-reflector acts as a compressive force on the spider, tension is applied to each of the spiders so that tension remains, so that the position of the sub-reflector is accurately adjusted. There were some drawbacks, such as the need for complicated adjustments to match the axis of the primary mirror.

This spider support structure has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems. It can be used for both optical and infrared in one type of envelope assembly, and the spider mounting length adjusting means can be used. You can reproduce the condition that you can observe with high precision for both optics and infrared with a simple operation of just adjusting. Another object of the present invention is to obtain a spider support structure that does not deteriorate the S / N ratio of the observed signal such as thermal noise, and that does not cause buckling for easy tension adjustment of the spider.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In the spider support structure according to the present invention, four spiders provided toward the center of the envelope for attaching and supporting an object to be supported at the end, and the above-mentioned envelope And a spider mounting angle varying means for mounting and supporting the spider while varying the mounting angle, and a spider mounting length adjusting means for adjusting the length of the spider, wherein the four spiders are: They are not arranged in a straight line with each other, and are arranged symmetrically with respect to mutually orthogonal axes passing through the support target.

Furthermore, two ends of the four spiders are joined together to form two sets of trusses with the envelope and four spiders, and the object is attached and supported at the joining points of these trusses. It was done.

Further, each of the above spiders is made up of pipes.

[Action]

Four spiders provided toward the center of the envelope to attach and support an object to be supported at the ends, and a spider attachment provided to the envelope for attaching and supporting the spider while varying the attachment angle. An angle varying unit and a spider attachment length adjusting unit for adjusting the length of the spider are provided, and the four spiders are not arranged in a straight line with each other and are orthogonal to each other passing through the support target. Since they are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis, when the size of the object to be supported changes, the length of the spider is adjusted by the spider attachment length adjusting means, and the spider attachment angle varying means adjusts the spider's length. Adjusting the orientation, each spider is not arranged in a straight line with each other, so changing the tension of one spider will cause the other three spiders to move in accordance with the tension of that spider. Force also changes, since it is arranged symmetrically with respect to axes perpendicular to each other through said support object, act as tension change in one spider is evenly distributed to the other three spider.

Furthermore, two ends of the four spiders are joined together to form two sets of trusses with the envelope and four spiders, and the object is attached and supported at the joining points of these trusses. Therefore, the component in the rotational direction of the tension of the spider increases so as to oppose rotation with respect to the rotational direction about the vertical axis of the orthogonal axes.

Further, since each of the above-mentioned spiders is composed of a pipe, it works to reduce the weight of the spider.

Example of Invention

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the reflecting telescope apparatus of the present invention, and (1) to (7) are exactly the same as the above-mentioned conventional mechanism. In the figure, (11) is a spider attachment length adjusting means for the envelope (5) of the spider. In the spider support structure configured as described above, the four spiders (6) are located in the envelope at 90 ° intervals, and the four spider attachment length adjusting means (11) are simultaneously provided. By expanding and contracting by the same amount, the size of the diameter of the sub-reflecting mirror (7) is adjusted. By doing so, an assembly of one type of envelope (5) and spider (6) can be used for both optical and infrared light, regardless of the diameter of the sub-reflecting mirror (7), and it can be used for thermal noise. Only four projection areas of the spiders (6) are generated.

2 and 3 show the spider mounting length adjusting means (1
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional structure diagram showing the configuration of 1). In the figure, (11
(a) is a ball screw, (11b) is a worm wheel combined with this ball screw, (11c) is a thrust bearing that supports the thrust load of this worm wheel, (11)
d) is the worm gear that drives the worm wheel, (11
e) is the motor that drives this worm gear, (11f) is the support that supports this motor, (11g) is the thrust bearing that supports the diagonal force applied to these spider attachment length adjustment means (11), and (11h) is A bracket for connecting the spider (6) and the spider attachment length adjusting means (11). In the figure, the spider mounting length adjusting means (11) is composed of a combination of a ball screw (11a) and a worm wheel (11b), and the worm wheel (11d) combined with this ball screw is rotated precisely to make four Tension the spider (6) with the required high precision. In addition,
Here, the number of spiders (6) is set to four because there are four connection points between the frame (4) and the envelope (5), and the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides are mechanically symmetric. This is for avoiding the complexity of the structure for dealing with distortion correction with a structure in which distortion is unlikely to occur.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a reflecting telescope device of another invention, and (1) to (7) and (11) are exactly the same as the above conventional mechanism. In the figure, (6d) is a connecting point connecting a pair of spiders (6), and (12) is a variable angle of attachment angle of the spider (6) attached to the envelope (5) with respect to the envelope (5). It is a spider attachment angle varying means.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the attachment of the sub-reflecting mirrors (7) having different diameters in the invention of FIG. In the figure, (6e) is an axis of symmetry orthogonal to each other that passes through the center of the spider arrangement,
f) shows the position during adjustment of the spider installation length. The four spider attachment length adjusting means (11) are uniformly operated to attach the sub-reflecting mirror (7) to the connecting point (6d). After that, if one spider attachment length adjusting means (11) is made to tension the spider (6), four spiders (6) will be operated within the operation range of the minute spider attachment length adjusting means (11).
Are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axes orthogonal to each other, so that an even pulling force is generated on the four spiders (6). Here, if the spiders (6) are arranged in a straight line, the pulling force is generated only by the spiders (6) that are in tension with the spiders (6) that are opposite to each other in a straight line. However, as long as the four spiders (6) are evenly tensioned, the spiders (6) will not line up in a straight line.

6 and 7 are a detailed plan view and a detailed side view showing the configurations of the spider attachment length adjusting means (11) and the spider attachment angle varying means (12) of FIGS. 4 and 5, respectively. ),
(6), (11) and (12) are exactly the same as those in FIG. Reference numeral (11i) is an angle variable bracket including the spider (6) and the spider attachment length adjusting means (11), and having a spider attachment angle varying means (12).

FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a reflecting telescope apparatus of another invention, and (1) to (5) and (7) are exactly the same as those in FIG. In (6a), the conventional spider (6) is replaced with two pipes each having its tip coupled, and further attached to the side surface of the sub-reflecting mirror (7) to form a four-truss structure. Since the rigidity is increased by the pipe and truss structure, buckling is less likely to occur, and if the strength is the same, the structure can be made lighter. Also, after equipping the sub-reflecting mirror (7), by expanding and contracting one spider attachment length adjusting means (11), equal tension can be applied to four spiders, and constant tension is always applied. Prevents buckling.

In the above embodiment, the spider mounting length adjusting means (11)
Does not perform length feedback control,
By controlling the four spider attachment length adjusting means (11) by feedback control, not only can it be automated, but the error in the attachment position of the sub-reflecting mirror (7) can be reduced, and the sub-reflecting mirror (7) can be replaced in a short time. it can.

Further, in the above embodiment, the case of the spider support structure supporting the sub-reflecting mirror (7) in the reflecting telescope has been described, but in the case of observing at the main focus (not shown) formed by the main reflecting mirror (2). Even if the observation device (8) such as a photographic plate is supported by the same spider support structure, the same effect can be obtained.

〔The invention's effect〕

In the spider support structure according to the present invention, four spiders that are provided toward the center of the envelope and that attach and support an object to be supported at the ends, and the spiders that are provided in the envelope and have a variable attachment angle In addition, the spider mounting angle varying means for mounting and supporting the spider, and the spider mounting length adjusting means for adjusting the length of the spider are provided, and the four spiders are not arranged in line with each other, and , The spider attachment length adjusting means adjusts the length of the spider when the size of the object to be supported is changed, since the spiders are arranged symmetrically with respect to mutually orthogonal axes passing through the object to be supported. However, the direction of the spiders is adjusted by the spider mounting angle varying means, and since the spiders are not arranged in a straight line with each other, the tension of one spider is changed. The tensions of the other three spiders also change according to the tension of the spiders, and the three spiders are arranged symmetrically with respect to mutually orthogonal axes passing through the object to be supported. Since it works so as to be evenly distributed to the spiders of the book, it is possible to fix objects of different sizes that are supported in place, and tension one spider evenly to the other three spiders. Can be generated.

Furthermore, two ends of the four spiders are joined together to form two sets of trusses with the envelope and four spiders, and the object is attached and supported at the joining points of these trusses. Therefore, the rotational direction component of the tension of the spider acts so as to increase in the direction opposed to the rotation with respect to the rotational direction with the vertical axis of the orthogonal axes as the central axis. The object can be prevented from rotating.

Further, since each of the above-mentioned spiders is composed of a pipe, the weight of the spider can be reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a structural view of an optical telescope according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a plan view of a spider attachment length varying means according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is a spider according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a side view of the mounting length varying means, FIG. 4 is a structural view of an optical telescope according to another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 5 is a plan view of a spider support structure according to one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view of a spider attachment length and angle varying means according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 7 is a side view of a spider attachment length and angle varying means according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of an optical telescope according to another embodiment of the invention, FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a conventional optical telescope, and FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of an optical envelope assembly of a conventional optical telescope. The figure shows the structure of the infrared envelope assembly of the conventional optical telescope, and Fig. 12 shows the optical envelope assembly of the conventional optical telescope.
FIG. 14 is an explanatory view of an infrared envelope assembly of a conventional optical telescope, and FIG. 14 is an operation explanatory view of an infrared envelope assembly of a conventional optical telescope. In the figure, (5) is an envelope, (6) is a spider, and (6)
d) is a connecting point, (7) is a sub-reflector, (11) is a spider attachment length adjusting means, (11a) is a ball screw, (11b) is a worm wheel, (11c) is a thrust bearing, (11d).
Is a motor, (11f) is a support base, (11g) is a slide bearing, (11h) is a bracket, (11i) is a variable angle bracket, (12) is a spider attachment angle variable means,
(12a) is a thrust bearing. In the drawings, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.

Claims (3)

[Claims] Claims: 1. Four spiders provided toward the center of the envelope for attaching and supporting an object to be supported at an end portion; and the spider provided on the envelope for varying the attachment angle. A spider mounting angle varying means for mounting and supporting, and a spider mounting length adjusting means for adjusting a length of the spider, wherein the four spiders are not arranged in a straight line with each other,
Further, the spider support structure is arranged symmetrically with respect to mutually orthogonal axes passing through the support target. 2. The two end portions of the four spiders are connected to each other to form two sets of trusses with the envelope and the four spiders, and the objects are connected at the connecting points of these trusses. The spider support structure according to claim 1, wherein the spider support structure is attached and supported. 3. The spider support structure according to claim 1, wherein each of the spiders is formed of a pipe.