JPH08117695A - Method for classifying shredder dust - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To automatically classify the shredder dust into a metallic dust material and a nonmetallic dust material and to recycle the metal which has been subjected to reclamation by using high-frequency heating and a temp. sensor and utilizing the temp. difference between the induction-heated metal and nonmetal. CONSTITUTION: The shredder dust 10 is successively charged from a feed hopper 11 onto first and second electromagnetic feeders 12 and 13, vibrated and supplied on a conveyor 14. In this case, since the dust 10 is vibrated when conveyed by the feeders 12 and 13, the dust is integrated and conveyed on the conveyor 14 one by one in line. Only the metallic dust material is heated by the induced eddy current in a coil 16 through which a high-frequency current flows, and the metallic dust material and the nonmetallic dust material are classified by a classifying means 18 based on the signal of a temp. sensor 17 for detecting the heated state.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shredder for separating shredder dust (for example, shredder dust generated from abandoned automobiles and household electric appliances) into metal dust material and non-metal dust material, and further separating the metal dust material into various metal materials. Regarding the method of separating dust.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Shredder dust generated from abandoned automobiles and home appliances is light dust (low bulk density dust mainly consisting of urethane foam, fiber waste) and heavy dust by using a vibrating sieve or a specific gravity sorter. Dust (high bulk density dust, mainly made of metal, glass, resin, wire harness, etc.)
Be sorted into Most of the heavy dust is landfilled as it is, except that a large piece of copper, stainless steel, or the like is manually separated and collected.

[0003]

In the heavy dust that is being landfilled, expensive metals such as copper, aluminum and magnesium, reusable glass for ceramic materials, expensive wire harnesses (copper wire However, most of it was discarded and landfilled. An object of the present invention is to separate shredder dust into a metal dust material (a metal dust material including a combination of metal and resin such as a wire harness dust material is also included in the metal dust material) and a non-metal dust material. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating shredder dust that can further separate the material into dust materials of various metals (iron, copper, aluminum, etc.).

[0004]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention for achieving the above object is as follows. (1) A first step of separating the shredder dust so as to prevent the individual dust materials from overlapping each other, and bringing the carried shredder dust close to a coil through which a high-frequency current flows, and selecting a metal dust material from the shredder dust. Inductive heating, a third step of measuring the temperature of each dust material of the shredder dust that has passed through the induction heating portion with a non-contact temperature sensor, and the shredder dust that has passed through the temperature measuring portion Is divided into a dust material having a temperature equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature and a dust material having a temperature lower than the predetermined temperature based on the temperature measured by the temperature sensor, and a fourth step of separating the dust material into a metal dust material and a non-metal dust material. How to sort. (2) A first step of separating the shredder dust so that the individual dust materials do not overlap with each other, and a second step of detecting the metal dust material by bringing the conveyed shredder dust close to a metal detection sensor. A method for separating shredder dust, comprising: a third step of separating shredder dust that has passed through the metal detection sensor portion into a metal dust material and a non-metal dust material based on a detection signal of the metal detection sensor. (3) A step of separating the selected metal dust material into an iron dust material and a non-ferrous dust material by magnetic separation, and crushing the non-ferrous dust material; The shredder dust according to (1) or (2), which comprises a step of separating the light non-ferrous metal and the resin particles into a light non-ferrous metal and the resin particles by specific gravity separation. How to sort.

[0005]

In the above method (1), when the shredder dust is heated by high frequency induction, the temperature of the metal dust material rises due to eddy current, but the temperature of the non-metal dust material does not rise. Dust material and non-metal dust material are separated. As for the dust material of the wire harness, the temperature of the copper wire in the resin coating material rises due to high frequency induction heating, and the temperature of the coating material also rises due to heat conduction from the copper wire to the coating material
It is easily detected and separated as metal dust material. In the method (2), the metal dust material of the shredder dust is detected by the metal detection sensor and separated from the non-metal dust material. In the above method (3), the separated metal dust material is separated into iron and non-ferrous by magnetic separation,
Non-ferrous metals are classified into heavy non-ferrous metals and light non-ferrous metals and various non-ferrous metals by specific gravity fractionation.

[0006]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS FIG. 1 shows all steps of the method for separating shredder dust of the present invention. Of these, steps 1 and 2 for separating the shredder dust into a metal dust material and a non-metal dust material will be described below as first and second embodiments.
Step 2 of separating metal dust material into various metal dust materials
The part 7 will be described below as a third embodiment. Further, the shredder dust is, for example, shredder dust of abandoned automobiles and abandoned home electric appliances, and is cut into a size of about 15 mm or less. The dust material composition is iron, as shown in FIG.
Includes metal dust materials such as aluminum and copper (core material for wire harness), non-metal dust materials such as glass, resin (including urethane foam), and rubber.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 and FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the shredder dust 10 is fed from the feeding hopper 11 onto the first electromagnetic feeder 12 and conveyed while being vibrated, and the first electromagnetic feeder 12 is fed.
Is transferred from the tip to the second electromagnetic feeder 13 and further conveyed while being vibrated, and finally supplied from the second electromagnetic feeder 13 onto the conveyor 14. Since the shredder dust 10 is vibrated when being conveyed by the electromagnetic feeders 12 and 13, the shredder dust 10 is disassembled and the individual dust materials (each dust is referred to as a dust material, the same applies hereinafter) are overlapped. When they do not match, they are aligned and supplied one by one on the conveyor 14.

[0008] The dust material approaches the coil 16 through which a high frequency current flows by the conveyor 14 driven by the motor 15, and among the dust materials, metal dust material (such as a wire harness in which a metal material and a resin material are joined together). Induced eddy currents are generated in and are heated. However, among the dust materials, non-metal dust materials are not heated by induction. In the dust material of the wire harness, the copper wire inside is heated, and the heat is conducted to the resin coating material and the coating material also becomes hot. Thus,
The metal dust material of the shredder dust is selectively heated. The heating temperature is adjusted by the electric power supplied to the coil 16, and the metal dust material is, for example, 60 to 150.
Heated to ° C. If it is lower than 60 ° C, it is difficult to distinguish it from the non-metallic dust material near room temperature.
Is a limit value determined from the fact that the belt of the belt conveyor does not have any more than that.

A temperature sensor 17 for measuring the temperature of each dust material in a non-contact manner is provided at a position downstream of the induction heating portion in the dust material conveying direction. This temperature sensor 1
An infrared temperature sensor 7, for example, measures infrared rays (heat rays) emitted from the dust material to measure the temperature of the dust material and outputs it in the form of an electric signal. The infrared temperature sensor itself is commercially available.

Based on the output signal of the temperature sensor 17 (therefore, based on the temperature measurement of the temperature sensor 17), at a position downstream of the temperature sensor and the installation site in the dust conveying direction, a dust material having a temperature higher than a predetermined temperature and a predetermined temperature A separating means 18 is provided for separating the dust material into the low dust material and the metal dust material and the non-metal dust material. The separating means 18 is, for example, an ejector for ejecting air, a suction type transvector, or a means for changing the inclination angle of the separator 19. Separation means 19
Is operated with a time lag in which the dust material passes through the temperature measuring portion and is conveyed to the position of the separating means. In the case where the separating means 18 is composed of an ejector, when the temperature sensor 17 detects a dust material having a high temperature, when the dust material reaches the ejector position, air is ejected in a pulsed manner toward the dust material, and the dust material is ejected. Is splashed to the side of the metal dust material passage 20. If not, the non-metal dust material is operated to drop to the side of the non-metal dust material passage 21 without ejecting air. Thus, the dust material is separated into the metal dust material and the non-metal dust material.

In the second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, the shredder dust 10 is placed in the charging hopper 1.
1 to the first electromagnetic feeder 12, then transferred to the second electromagnetic feeder 13, and then the conveyor 14
Supplied on. First and second electromagnetic feeders 12, 1
The shredder dust is separated by being vibrated at 3, and the individual dust materials are prevented from overlapping with each other, and the shredder dust is aligned and supplied onto the conveyor 14. The process up to this point is the same as in the first embodiment.

The dust material is conveyed to the portion of the metal detection sensor 22 where the metal dust material (including the dust material of the wire harness) is detected. The metal detection sensor 22 itself is a well-known proximity sensor using a magnetic field and an electric field. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, when the metal dust material 10 ′ comes to the sensor 22 site, the metal dust material 10 ′ and the inside of the sensor 22 are The electrodes form a capacitor 23. A capacitance change is detected by an oscillation circuit 24 that starts or stops oscillation according to a change in electrostatic capacitance, and whether the dust material is a metal dust material or a non-metal dust material is detected and output.

A separating means 18 for separating the metal dust material and the non-metal dust material is provided at the downstream side of the metal detection sensor 22 in the dust material conveying direction. Separation means 18
Operates in response to the output signal of the metal detection sensor 22,
Similar to the first embodiment, it comprises, for example, an ejector, a transvector, a separator rotating means, and the like. When the metal detection sensor 22 detects the metal dust material, when the dust material reaches the part of the separating means 18, the metal dust material passage 20
The dust material is splashed to the side, otherwise it operates so as to fall to the non-metal dust material passage 21 side. Thus, the dust material is separated into the metal dust material and the non-metal dust material.

In the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 7, the metal dust material selected in step 2 is further classified into various kinds of dust materials. First, in step 3,
The metal dust material is separated into magnetic dust material such as iron and non-magnetic dust material such as copper, brass, aluminum and magnesium by magnetic separation. For example, when an electromagnetic magnet is put into dust, the magnetic dust material is adsorbed by the magnet and taken out to turn off the current of the coil of the magnet to separate the dust material from the magnet. In this way, the iron dust material and the non-ferrous dust material are separated. The iron dust material is recycled as a raw material for steelmaking.

The non-ferrous dust material selected in step 3 is crushed by a hammer mill or shredder in step 4,
In step 5, it is sieved with about 2 mm mesh. About 2 on the sieve
The dust with a size larger than mm is returned to step 4 and pulverized again. The non-ferrous dust material that has passed through the sieve is classified into a group of heavy non-ferrous metal and a group of light non-ferrous metal, resin particles, etc. by the specific gravity classification in step 6. For the group of heavy non-ferrous metals, block or linear copper (specific gravity 8.
9g / cm ³ ), brass (harness terminal, specific gravity 8.6g / cm ³ ) are classified, and aluminum (specific gravity is about 2.7g /
cm ³ ), PVC (Vinyl chloride, specific gravity is about 1.2 g /
cm ³ ) are included. Copper blocks and wires are recycled as a copper source, and brass is recycled as a brass source. The specific gravity fractionation may be a dry method or a wet method. In the wet method, for example, dust is put into a liquid adjusted to have a specific gravity intermediate between aluminum and copper, and the liquid is separated into those that float and those that sink. In the dry method, for example, as shown in FIG. 7, dust is dropped on a slanted net 25 that is vibrated in the direction of arrow A, and the net 25 is vibrated while blowing dust material from below the net 25 with air. Heavy dust material is net 2
Although it is lifted obliquely upward due to the frictional force with 5, the light dust material is lifted by the air from the net 25 and falls obliquely downward due to gravity. Therefore, the heavy dust material discharged from the upper end of the inclined net 25 and the light dust material discharged from the lower end of the net 25 are separated.

The dust material contained in the group of light non-ferrous metals, resin particles and the like separated in the step 6 is subjected to the specific gravity separation method in the step 7 (the same method as the specific gravity separation method explained in the step 6).
Thus, among the dust materials included in the above group, the dust material on the heavy side (aluminum dust material or the like) and the dust material on the light side (PVC dust material) are separated. The aluminum dust material is recycled as an aluminum source, and the PVC dust material is solidified by a solidifying agent and recycled as a sound absorbing material, a heat insulating material, or the like. In the above, the magnetic separation was performed before the crushing process, but this is to protect the tool of the crusher,
When iron in the dust is, for example, only iron powder having a particle size of 500 μm or less, it is better to separate the magnetic force into a step after the pulverization, which improves the iron recovery rate.

Next, test examples will be shown. Test Example 1 Shredder dust having a composition shown in FIG. 8 which was sieved to a size of 15 mm or less was used to wire the shredder dust according to the step 1 of FIG. 1 by using the apparatus (high frequency heating + infrared thermometer) of FIGS. 2 and 3. Harness, aluminum, and iron were separated from glass, resin, and rubber. The heating temperature of the metal at this time was 60 to 15.
It was 0 ° C. As for the wire harness, the copper of the core and the brass of the terminal were heated, so it was sorted into metal. Then, magnetic force separation in step 3 of FIG. 1 was performed, iron as a magnetic material was selected and recycled as an iron source. In addition, crushing and sieving of steps 4 and 5 in FIG.
The size of the dust material was reduced to the following, and the wire harness was separated into the copper wire of the core and the PVC of the outer cover. Then, the specific gravity fractionation of step 6 in FIG. 1 is performed, and the non-ferrous dust material is used in the device in FIG. 7 to collect heavy and high-density copper blocks, copper wires, brass (harness terminals) groups, and light aluminum and magnesium. , PVC group. Copper blocks and copper wires were recycled as copper sources, and brass was recycled as a brass source. Then, the specific gravity fractionation of step 7 of FIG. 1 was performed, and the light non-ferrous dust material was fractionated into the aluminum dust material and the PVC dust material using the apparatus of FIG. 7. The aluminum dust material was recycled as an aluminum source.
As a result of sorting, copper lumps, copper wires, and brass are 90 to 98.
%, Aluminum 90-95%, iron 90-95% were recovered and recycled.

Test Example 2 Shredder dust having the same size and composition as in Test Example 1 was used.
By the method of utilizing the magnetic field and the electric field in the step 2 of FIG. 1, the apparatus of FIGS. 4 and 5 was used to separate into metal dust material and non-metal dust material. After the subsequent step 3, the same procedure as in Test Example 1 was performed. The recovery and recycling rates of ferrous and non-ferrous metals were almost the same as in Test Example 1.

[0019]

According to the method of the present invention, by using the high frequency heating and the temperature sensor and utilizing the temperature difference after the induction heating of the metal and the non-metal, the shredder dust is removed from the metal dust material and the non-metal dust material. Can be automatically sorted. As a result, it is possible to recover and recycle the metals that were conventionally disposed of in landfill. According to the method of claim 2, the shredder dust can be automatically separated into the metal dust material and the non-metal dust material by using the magnetic field and the electric field by using the metal detection sensor. As a result, it is possible to recover and recycle the metals that were conventionally disposed of in landfill. According to the method of claim 3, the non-ferrous dust material is further subjected to magnetic separation and specific gravity separation
It can sort into various dust materials such as copper, aluminum and resin with high sorting efficiency.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing all steps of a method for separating shredder dust according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of an apparatus for carrying out the shredder dust sorting method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a front view of the device of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a side view of an apparatus for carrying out a shredder dust sorting method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a front view of the device of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an example of a metal detection sensor.

FIG. 7 is a side view of an example of a dry-type specific gravity sorting apparatus.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing a weight composition of shredder dust of an abandoned vehicle.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Shredder dust 11 Input hopper 12 First electromagnetic feeder 13 Second electromagnetic feeder 14 Conveyor 16 Coil 17 Temperature sensor 18 Ejector 22 Metal detection sensor 25 Net

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Atsushi Tanaka 1 Toyota-cho, Toyota-shi, Aichi Toyota Automobile Co., Ltd.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A first step of separating shredder dust so as to prevent the individual dust materials from overlapping each other, and bringing the carried shredder dust closer to a coil through which a high-frequency current flows, and the metal dust material of the shredder dust. The second step of selectively induction heating, and the third step of measuring the temperature of each dust material of the shredder dust that has passed through the induction heating part with a non-contact type temperature sensor, and the step of passing the temperature measurement part A fourth step of separating the shredder dust into a metal dust material and a non-metal dust material by dividing the shredder dust into a dust material having a predetermined temperature or higher and a dust material having a temperature lower than the predetermined temperature based on the temperature measurement of the temperature sensor. How to separate shredder dust. 2. A first step of separating the shredder dust so as to prevent the individual dust materials from overlapping each other, and a second step of detecting the metal dust material by bringing the conveyed shredder dust close to a metal detection sensor. And a third step of separating the shredder dust that has passed through the metal detection sensor portion into a metal dust material and a non-metal dust material based on a detection signal of the metal detection sensor, and a method of separating shredder dust. 3. A step of separating the selected metal dust material into an iron dust material and a non-ferrous dust material by magnetic separation, and crushing the non-ferrous dust material; and a heavy non-ferrous material by the specific gravity separation of the crushed non-ferrous dust material. The method according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a step of separating the light non-ferrous metal and the resin particles into a light non-ferrous metal and a resin particle, and a step of separating the light non-ferrous metal and the resin particles into a light non-ferrous metal and the resin particles by specific gravity separation. How to separate shredder dust.