JPH08109112A - Inorganic physiological activator for plant and its production - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain an inorganic physiological activator for a plant having excellent growth stimulating effect against a plant, excellent in stability and preservability and easily obtainable. CONSTITUTION: This physiological activator for a plant consists of an inorganic composition obtained by removing organic compounds from seeds of plant or from an aqueous solvent extract of the seeds. The method for removing the organic compounds is selected from a method in which seeds, their extract or a concentrate of the extract is dried, heated and carbonized, and the residue is further continued to heat, until a constant weight is reached, to obtain ash, and another method in which the organic compounds are removed from the aqueous solvent extract by chromatography of various kinds. Among them, the former method is especially preferable from the view point that the organic compounds are easily and surely removed. The seed of plant used as a raw material in the process is selected from the seeds of the plants of Malvaceae, Compositae, Polygonaceae and Gramineae. The physiological activator has growth stimulating effect against the stem of a plant. The activator may be applied either in the period of budding of the seed or in the period of growth following the budding.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a physiologically active agent for plants and a method for producing the same, and more particularly to an inorganic composition having a growth promoting activity on plants.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As substances that affect physiological phenomena of plants, so-called plant hormones such as auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene, and plant physiologically active substances such as steroid compounds such as brassinolide are known. These are also called plant growth regulators.

Physiologically active substances are used for inducing callus and morphogenesis in tissue culture, as well as rooting of cuttings, fruit picking, fruit enlargement, fruit drop prevention, seed germination promotion or suppression, etc. Widely used in the fields of agriculture and distribution.

These plant physiologically active substances have been conventionally extracted with an organic solvent, but it cannot be said that extraction with an organic solvent can extract all the physiologically active substances present in the plant body, and in fact, by water extraction. It has been reported that a new plant physiologically active substance can be obtained from germinated seeds such as cress (JP-A-6-92816). Also, when a plant promotes or inhibits the growth of other plants around it,
Although called an allelopathic substance, a water-soluble compound such as cinnamic acid is also well known as the causative substance (allelopathic substance). Further, lepizimoid has been isolated as one of plant physiologically active substances extracted with water (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-49089), and further, a hydroponic cultivation method utilizing the growth promoting effect of lepidimoid is developed. (JP-A-6-157228).

[0005]

The steps for obtaining a conventionally known plant physiologically active substance extracted with an organic solvent or a plant physiologically active substance extracted with water are complicated. In addition, since plants also contain substances that suppress the action of physiologically active substances, it was often the case that a purification operation was required to remove the inhibitory substances. Furthermore, all of the conventionally known plant physiologically active substances are organic compounds, and there are problems in terms of storability and stability.

[0006] The present invention has been made from the above viewpoint, and an object of the present invention is to provide a plant bioactive agent which is excellent in the growth promoting effect on plants, has good stability and storability, and can be easily obtained.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventor has diligently searched for plant physiologically active substances in order to solve the above-mentioned problems.
It was found that the ash obtained by ashing the plant seed extract has a growth-promoting effect on plants, leading to the present invention.

That is, the present invention is a plant bioactive agent comprising an inorganic composition obtained by removing an organic compound from plant seeds or an aqueous solvent extract thereof. The present invention also provides a method for producing a plant physiologically active agent, which comprises ashing plant seeds or an aqueous solvent extract thereof.

The present invention will be described in detail below. Inorganic bioactive agent for plants of the present invention (hereinafter, simply “plant bioactive agent”)
(Also referred to as)) is obtained by substantially removing organic compounds from plant seeds or an aqueous solvent extract thereof, and is composed of an inorganic composition. As described above, it is known that seeds of higher plants have physiologically active substances such as lepidimoid as a substance having an action of promoting the growth of stems of peripheral plants (Hasegawa et al. 1992, Plant
Physiol. 100, 1059-1062; Hasegawa et al., 1993, Research on Weeds, Vol. 38, pp. 109-111), but these conventionally known physiologically active substances are all organic substances and have physiological activities on plants. The inorganic composition having is the first to be obtained in the present invention.

The plant bioactive agent of the present invention is a plant seed,
Alternatively, it can be obtained by substantially removing organic compounds from the aqueous solvent extract. Examples of seeds used include seeds of plants belonging to the family Mallow, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae or Poaceae. More specifically, the plants belonging to the mallow family include okra, the plants belonging to the Asteraceae family include sunflower and burdock, and the plants belonging to the Poaceae family include oat. The aqueous solvent extract of plant seeds is obtained by immersing plant seeds or a crushed product thereof in an aqueous solvent such as water or a buffer solution, leaving it for a certain period of time, and then removing the seeds. This treatment may be performed with stirring. Further, the operation of immersing the seeds removed from the aqueous solvent again in the aqueous solvent to obtain an extract may be repeated. The aqueous solvent may be tap water or distilled water, or an appropriate buffer solution may be used. It is also possible to use a mixed liquid in which a small amount of an organic solvent mixed with water is mixed with water. Although seeds may germinate when immersed in an aqueous solvent, both germinated seeds and ungerminated seeds can be used in the present invention.

Examples of the method for removing organic compounds from seeds or the above extract include a method of ashing these. Specifically, the seed, the extract thereof, or the concentrated liquid thereof is dried, heated to carbonize, and further heated to a constant weight to be incinerated.

[0012] The organic compound may be removed from the aqueous solvent extract by various chromatography represented by gel filtration chromatography. For example, the seed extract may be subjected to molecular exclusion chromatography (eg, Molcut L:
The organic compounds can be removed by fractionating the low molecular weight fraction by reverse phase or normal phase high performance liquid chromatography by fractionating with (Millipore Japan). Specifically, the column is an ODS column (for example, μBondasphere
When 15 μC ₁₈ -100Å, column diameter 7.8 mm × length 30 cm: manufactured by Nihon Millipore Co., Ltd.) was used as the eluent and water was fractionated at a flow rate of 3 mL / min, the fraction eluted at 0 to 20 minutes Just take the minutes. Detection can be done by absorption at a wavelength of 214 nm.

Among these methods, the method of ashing the seed or the aqueous solvent extract of the seed is particularly preferable in that the organic compound can be removed easily and surely. Seeds or extracts thereof from which the organic compound has been removed as described above,
It can be used as it is or after being dissolved in water as a plant bioactive agent. Since the plant bioactive agent of the present invention has a growth promoting effect on plant stems, it can be used for plant cultivation. At the time of use, a plant bioactive agent may be added to the soil for soil cultivation and to a hydroponic liquid for hydroponics. As the application time,
It may be the germination stage of the seed or the stem growth stage after germination. The blending amount varies depending on the type of plant to which the plant bioactive agent is applied and the application method to the soil or hydroponic solution, but when applied at the germination stage of seeds, to 2 mL of the soil or hydroponic solution. By using an amount corresponding to 5 to 50 seeds, preferably 5 to 20 seeds, the expected effect can be expected. Since the growth promoting effect may decrease depending on the applied amount, it is preferable to conduct a preliminary test and set the applied amount appropriately.

[0014]

The organic compound can be removed from the plant seed or its aqueous solvent extract by ashing the plant seed or its aqueous solvent extract. Among the organic compounds contained in seeds, there are compounds having a growth promoting action on plants such as lepidimoid, but there are also compounds having an action of suppressing growth. Such growth inhibitory factors can be removed by removing organic compounds from the seed or its aqueous solvent extract.

The ash that is obtained by ashing the seed or its aqueous solvent extract is mainly composed of inorganic salts and inorganic oxides contained in the seed. It is considered to be included in the content ratio. It is presumed that this fixed ratio of inorganic components is preferable for germination of seeds and also has an action of promoting the growth of plant stems.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

[0017]

Example 1 <1> Preparation of Plant Bioactive Agent 100 seeds of okra, sunflower, buckwheat, oat and burdock sterilized with a 1% sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution were added,
Each was immersed in 50 mL of water and left at 25 ° C. for 24 hours for germination. The seeds were recovered from the water in which the seeds were dipped, and the seeds were washed with 5 mL of water, and combined with the water in which the seeds were dipped to obtain primary extracted water.

The seeds were again dipped in 50 mL of water and 2
The seeds were washed in the same manner as above by standing at 5 ° C. for 24 hours, and the washing water and the water in which the seeds were dipped were combined to obtain secondary extracted water.

The primary extracted water and the secondary extracted water obtained above were combined, concentrated under reduced pressure at 35 ° C., and the concentrate was heated to incinerate the extract. At this time, preliminary ashing was performed in advance in order to prevent bumping. That is, the crucible was placed on a hot plate at 80 ° C., the extraction liquid was poured into the crucible, and an infrared light bulb (100 V, 375 W) was irradiated onto the crucible from a height of about 10 cm from the hot plate surface for about 1 hour to dry and solidify. Let Thereafter, the crucible was placed in an electric furnace at 550 ° C. and heated until a constant weight was obtained, whereby the extract was completely incinerated. Hereinafter, this is referred to as germinated seed extraction ash.

On the other hand, the seeds germinated by soaking in water as described above are put into a crucible placed on a hot plate at 80 ° C., and an infrared ray bulb (100V, 375W) is placed on the crucible from the hot plate surface. It was pre-ashed by irradiation from a height of 10 cm for about 2 to 6 hours. Then, it was incinerated by heating at 550 ° C. until a constant weight was obtained. Hereinafter, this is referred to as germinated seed ash.

Further, various plant seeds are extracted with water in the same manner as described above, and the obtained mixture of the primary extraction water and the secondary extraction water is concentrated, and the concentrated solution is made into 2 mL for 10 seeds. It was prepared by adding water. Hereinafter, this is referred to as a germinated seed extract. <2> Growth promoting effect on plants Using the germinated seed extract ash or germinated seed ash obtained above as a plant bioactive agent, the bioactivity on plants was examined. A piece of filter paper (Toyo Roshi Kaisha, No. 1) was laid on a plastic petri dish having a diameter of 6 cm, and 20 seeds of Amaranthus caudatus L. were placed on the filter paper.
In this petri dish, a sample solution in which an amount of germinated seed extract ash derived from each plant seed corresponding to 10 raw material seeds was dissolved in 2 mL of water, 2 mL of water as a control, 2 mL of germinated seed extract, or Cress seed 10 2 mL of an aqueous solution of lepidimoid corresponding to the amount of particles was added. This lepidimoid was purified by the method described in Example 1 of JP-A-6-49089.

Each of the above petri dishes was placed in an artificial weather device at 25 ° C. and cultured in the dark. After 5 days, the length of the hypocotyl extended from the seed was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 1 as a ratio to the control.

[0023] Further, in the same manner as above, a petri dish on which seeds of Pleurotus cornucopia L. were seeded was used, and 6.25 grains of raw material seeds, 12.5 grains
2 mL of water in which germinated seed ash from each plant seed in an amount equivalent to 25 grains was dissolved was added to each petri dish under darkness.
The cells were cultured in an artificial weather device at 5 ° C. As for burdock, seeds are smaller than other seeds, so 12.5 seeds, 2
Experiments were conducted with 5 and 50 grains. After 5 days, the length of the hypocotyl extended from the seed was measured. The results are shown in FIG. 2 as a ratio to the control.

From FIG. 1, it was found that the germinated seed extract ash prepared from each plant seed promotes the growth of hypocotyls as compared with the control. In sunflower, burdock and okra seeds, germinated seed extract ash had a higher hypocotyl growth promoting effect than germinated seed extract. It is considered that this is because the germinated seed extract contains a substance that inhibits the growth of hypocotyl. Furthermore, it was found that buckwheat, oat, and okra can provide a plant bioactive agent that is more effective in promoting hypocotyl growth than lepidimoid purified from the same number of cress seeds.

On the other hand, it was found from FIG. 2 that the plant bioactive agent can also be obtained by directly ashing germinated seeds. Regarding the germinated seed extracted ash and the germinated seed ash used above, the weight per 10 seeds of the raw material, and 2 mL
Table 1 shows the concentration (ppm) when dissolved in. Regarding the germinated seed extract, the weight of the solid content obtained by drying 2 mL of the extract (concentrated extract of 10 germinated seeds to 2 mL) and the concentration of solid content in the extract (ppm) Show.

[0026]

[Table 1] − ^* : Not detectable because of a very small amount

[0027]

Example 2 100 ungerminated seeds of okra, sunflower, buckwheat, oat, and burdock were placed in a crucible placed on a hot plate at 80 ° C., and an infrared ray bulb (10
0 V, 375 W) was irradiated from a height of about 10 cm from the hot plate surface for about 2 to 6 hours to pre-ash. Then, it was incinerated by heating at 550 ° C. until a constant weight was obtained. Using these ungerminated seed ash, the growth promoting effect on Pleurotus cornucopia was examined in the same manner as in Example 1 <2>.
The results are shown in Fig. 3.

From these results, it was found that the plant bioactive agent can also be obtained by ashing ungerminated seeds.

[0029]

Industrial Applicability The plant bioactive agent of the present invention has an excellent effect of promoting growth on plants, has good stability and storability, and can be obtained more easily.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a view showing the growth promoting effects of germinated seed extract and germinated seed extract ash on plant stems.

FIG. 2 is a view showing the growth promoting effect of germinated seed ash on plant stems.

FIG. 3 is a view showing the growth promoting effect of ungerminated seed ash on plant stems.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Yukio Ishiguro 5-96, Higashimishima, Nishinasuno-cho, Nasu-gun, Tochigi Prefecture 19

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A plant bioactive agent comprising an inorganic composition obtained by removing an organic compound from a plant seed or an aqueous solvent extract thereof. 2. The plant bioactive agent according to claim 1, wherein the plant seed is a seed of a plant selected from the group consisting of Mallow, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae and Poaceae. 3. A method for producing a plant bioactive agent, which comprises ashing plant seeds or an aqueous solvent extract thereof. 4. The method for producing a plant physiologically active agent according to claim 2, wherein the plant seed is a seed of a plant selected from the group consisting of Mallow, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae and Poaceae.