RU2395967C1 - Plant growth and development stimulant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. ^ SUBSTANCE: product of extraction of milled leaves of Sakhalin persicaria Reynoutria sachalinensis by mixture of carbon dioxide in a supercritical condition and ethanol stimulates plant growth and development, and induces plant resistance to phytopathogenic fungi defeat and abiotic stresses. ^ EFFECT: invention induces plant resistance to phytopathogenic fungi defeat and abiotic stresses. ^ 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of biologically active preparations, namely, substances that affect the growth and development of plants obtained by extraction from parts of plants of biologically active substances by the action of a solvent, preferably carbon dioxide in a supercritical state.

Known (US patent 4666498) ethanol extract from the crushed leaves of the mountaineer of Sakhalin Reynoutria sachalinensis, used as a fungicide.

A disadvantage of the known drug should be recognized as its lack of activity.

The technical problem solved by the developed method is to expand the range of biologically active substances that affect the growth and development of plants.

The technical result obtained by the implementation of the developed drug is to obtain a new biologically active drug from the Sakhalin mountaineer Reynoutria sachalinensis, which affects the growth and development of plants.

To obtain the specified technical result, it is proposed to use a stimulator of plant growth and development, obtained by extraction from the crushed leaves of the Sakhalin Reynoutria sachalinensis highlander with a mixture of carbon dioxide in a supercritical state, and the spectrogram of which is shown in the drawing.

Upon receipt of the developed preparation, the leaves of the Sakhalin mountaineer Reynoutria sachalinensis are dried under normal conditions for 10-20 days, crushed, a fraction of crushed leaves 0.5-4.0 mm is taken and extracted with a mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol taken in an amount of 0 5-15% wt. by weight of carbon dioxide, while the ratio of the mass of crushed leaves on the mass of the extractant is from 0.2% to 2%.

Preferably, the leaves are ground to obtain a 1-3 mm fraction. Drying is carried out preferably within 14-16 days in vivo - at room temperature and natural humidity. Extraction is usually carried out with a mixture of carbon dioxide in a supercritical state and ethanol taken in an amount of 1-10% wt. by weight of carbon dioxide.

During the patent search, no biologically active additives were found that affect the growth and development of plants obtained by extraction with a mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol from the crushed leaves of the mountaineer of Sakhalin Reynoutria sachalinensis.

Upon receipt of a plant growth and development stimulator, standard equipment for conducting supercritical fluid extraction is used, as well as a standard laboratory plant grinder.

When determining the optimal conditions for the experiment, it was found that less than 0.5% wt. ethanol does not produce a solution, but a homogeneous paste, the shelf life of which does not exceed two weeks. The use of ethanol in amounts exceeding 15% wt., Does not allow to isolate all necessary active components from the plant mass. Grinding leaves to a size of less than 0.5 mm is not advisable, since this does not affect the extraction results, but significantly increases the grinding process time. Grinding the leaves to a size of more than 4 mm does not allow the complete extraction of biologically active substances from the leaves. Drying the leaves for less than 10 days does not allow moisture to be removed from them to a residual amount that impedes the completeness of extraction; exceeding the drying period of more than 20 days does not affect the completeness and quality of extraction.

In a preferred embodiment of the developed plant growth and development stimulator, the following technology was used.

The leaves of the Sakhalin mountaineer Reynoutria sachalinensis were dried under normal conditions without additional heating for 15 days (humidity was not determined). The dried leaves were crushed to fractions 1-3 mm and placed in a 200 ml extraction vessel. Extraction was performed on a SFE-1000M1-2-FMC50 plant manufactured by Thar Instruments, Inc. As a solvent, carbon dioxide was used in a supercritical state with the addition of 1-10% ethanol by weight as a co-solvent. The result was an extract of dark green color with a brownish tint with a herbal aroma. The extract is an active substance dissolved in alcohol.

The extract obtained is a biologically active additive, the use of which leads to an increase in the photosynthetic activity of plant leaves treated with this drug, in addition, it effectively protects crops from phytopathogenic fungi, and induces plant resistance to infection and adverse conditions.

The homogeneity of the composition of the obtained product, regardless of the time of collection of leaves of the mountaineer of the Sakhalin Reynoutria sachalinensis, was proved using the chromatographic analysis method. Analysis was performed on a Semi-Prep Investigator supercritical fluid chromatograph manufactured by Thar Instruments, Inc. The product was obtained by the same method from raw materials taken from various lots. All chromatograms obtained by analyzing the alcohol solution of the final product are identical (see drawing).

When using a stimulant, dilute it with water in accordance with subsequent use. For example, when used as an accelerator of seed germination, an aqueous solution containing 3 ml of product per 100 ml of water is used. Seeds are soaked in the solution for about 6 hours. When using the product as a growth promoter, use a solution of 2 ml of the product per 100 ml of water. The resulting aqueous solution is sprayed with plants at the rate of 100 ml of the final solution in approximately 2 m ^{2 of} plants. When used as a root dressing of plants, a solution of 1 ml of the product per 100 ml of water is used, this solution is watered at the roots of plants at the rate of 100 ml per m ² . When using the extract as an activator of bean seed germination, the following results were obtained: in comparison with bean plants whose seeds were treated with water, bean plants whose seeds were treated with Reynoutria sachalinensis SCF extract diluted with water to a concentration of 2%, sprouted by 2-3 days faster and 1-2 days faster than plants whose seeds were treated with Epin-extra in the concentration recommended by the manufacturer. At the same time, germination of seeds treated with GFR-extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis was higher than for plants treated with water or Epin-extra solution, the plants were noticeably stronger, developed faster and were more resistant to adverse conditions such as freezing and drought. When spraying leaves, for example, beans and cucumbers, it was found that the photosynthetic activity of plants is increased by 37% compared to control (plants treated with water) and by 22-25% compared to plants treated with Epin-Extra and Zircon, diluted to the concentrations recommended on the package. An increase in photosynthetic activity led to an increase in the green mass of plants. It was noted that plants treated with GFR-extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis were more resistant to drought and infection by phytopathogenic fungi and thrips. When used as a root dressing, plants treated with Reynoutria sachalinensis GFR extract were compared with plants that were watered with water, a solution of Epin-Extra and Zircon. It was found that plants treated with the GFR extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis are more resistant to drought and frost, as well as stronger. These plants develop faster and within a week from the time of feeding, the height of the bean plants treated with GFR-extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis increased by about 7 cm, while the height of the control (water-treated) plants increased by 3-4 cm, and the height of the plants treated with the preparations Epin-Extra and Zircon increased by an average of 4-5 cm.

It was established that the product obtained in this way is not toxic, and toxic substances are not used in its preparation. When disposing of a product that has expired, no additional cleaning agents are required.

Claims (1)

A plant growth and development stimulator, characterized in that it is a product of the extraction of crushed leaves of the Sakhalin mountaineer Reynoutria sachalinensis with a mixture of supercritical carbon dioxide and ethanol, the spectrogram of which is shown in the drawing.

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