JPH08106587A - Method and device for detecting fire - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To obtain a fire detector which can realize the optimum and effective discrimination of a fire based on an installing place by making an optical fiber a sensor. CONSTITUTION: This fire detector is provided with the optical fibers 15 which are laid doubly in the monitoring area of the fire and one side of which is covered with heat insulating material 18, a measuring part 14 to measure temperature at each position on the optical fiber 15, and an MPU 10 which calculates respectively a difference value between the temperature measured at each position on the optical fiber 15 not covered with the heat insulating material 18 and the temperature measured at each position on the optical fiber 15 covered with the heat insulating material 18 corresponding to each position, and detects the fire on the basis of the difference value and a preset fire discriminant value when the temperature at each position on the optical fiber 15 is measured by the measuring part 14.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire detecting device for detecting a fire by using, for example, an optical fiber, and more particularly to a fire detecting device for performing a differential fire detecting operation based on data from the optical fiber.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a device for detecting a fire using an optical fiber, there is a fire detection sensor disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-73400. This is provided with an optical fiber as a sensor section, and a light projecting / receiving section for detecting backscattered light from the inside of the optical fiber by injecting pulsed laser light having an output of Raman threshold or more from the input end of this optical fiber, The position on the optical fiber and the temperature at that position are measured by the temperature dependence of the intensity of the backscattered light and the time difference from the time when the pulsed light is incident, and the fire is identified only by the measured temperature.

A conventional fire detecting device using an optical fiber is designed to detect a fire by using the above-mentioned fire detecting sensor. In the fire detecting, a constant temperature for judging a fire when a predetermined temperature is exceeded. It was due to the expression movement.

[0004]

Conventionally, as a fire detector used in a fire detecting facility, a constant temperature spot type fire detector (mainly using a bimetal or the like),
There are various types of differential spot fire detectors (mainly using an air chamber, etc.), differential distributed fire detectors (mainly using an air pipe, etc.), etc. Each of the sensors has advantages and disadvantages, and an optimal sensor is selected and used based on the installation location in the building. Therefore, in the conventional fire detection device as described above, when using an optical fiber as a sensor,
There was a problem that it was not possible to determine the optimum fire based on the installation location.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and uses an optical fiber as a sensor.
An object of the present invention is to obtain a fire detection method and a fire detection device capable of performing optimal and effective fire discrimination based on the installation location.

[0006]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire detection method, wherein the temperature at each position on an optical fiber which is doubly attached to a fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with a heat insulating material is measured. Measure and calculate the difference value of the temperature measured at each position on the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the corresponding position on the optical fiber covered with the heat insulating material,
The fire is detected based on the difference value and the preset fire determination value.

A fire detecting method according to a second aspect of the present invention measures the temperature at each position on an optical fiber that is doubly attached to a fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with a heat insulating material. The average value of the temperature is calculated for each of the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the optical fiber covered with the heat insulating material, and the difference value of the calculated average values is calculated, and the difference value and the preset value are calculated. A fire is detected based on the fire discrimination value.

A fire detecting device according to a third aspect of the present invention measures an optical fiber which is doubly attached to a fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with a heat insulating material, and a temperature at each position on the optical fiber. When the measuring means and the temperature at each position on the optical fiber are measured by the measuring means, each position on the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the optical fiber covered with the corresponding heat insulating material The calculation means calculates the difference value of the temperature measured at the upper position and detects the fire based on the difference value and the preset fire determination value.

A fire detecting apparatus according to a fourth aspect of the present invention measures an optical fiber which is doubly attached to a fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with a heat insulating material, and a temperature at each position on the optical fiber. When the measuring means and the temperature at each position on the optical fiber are measured by the measuring means, the average value of the measured temperatures is shown as the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the light covered with the heat insulating material. Calculate for each fiber,
The calculation means calculates a difference value of the calculated average value and detects a fire based on the difference value and a preset fire determination value.

[0010]

According to the first aspect of the invention, the temperature is measured at each position on the optical fiber which is doubly attached to the fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with the heat insulating material, and the temperature is covered with the heat insulating material. The difference value of the temperature measured at each position on the optical fiber and the position on the optical fiber covered with the corresponding heat insulating material is calculated respectively, and based on the difference value and the preset fire discrimination value Fire is detected.

In the second aspect of the invention, the temperature at each position on the optical fiber which is doubly attached to the fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with the heat insulating material is measured, and the average of the measured temperatures is measured. The values are calculated for the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the optical fiber covered with the heat insulating material, and the difference value of the calculated average values is calculated, and the difference value and the preset fire discrimination value are calculated. Based on this, a fire is detected.

In the third invention, the optical fiber is doubly attached to the fire monitoring area, one of which is covered with the heat insulating material, and the temperature at each position on the optical fiber is measured by the measuring means. When the measuring means measures the temperature at each position on the optical fiber by the measuring means, each position on the optical fiber not covered by the heat insulating material and the optical fiber covered by the corresponding heat insulating material The difference value of the temperature measured at the upper position is calculated, and the fire is detected based on the difference value and the preset fire determination value.

In the fourth aspect of the invention, the optical fiber is doubly attached to the fire monitoring area, one of which is covered with the heat insulating material, and the temperature at each position on the optical fiber is measured by the measuring means. When the calculating means measures the temperature at each position on the optical fiber by the measuring means, the average value of the measured temperatures is the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the light covered with the heat insulating material. Each fiber is calculated, the difference value of the calculated average values is calculated, and the fire is detected based on the difference value and the preset fire determination value.

[0014]

1 is a block diagram showing the construction of a fire detecting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, 10 is a microprocessor (MPU) for controlling the entire apparatus, 1
Reference numeral 1 is a ROM that stores a program for performing a fire detection operation, 12 is a RAM that stores data such as temperature when performing a fire detection operation, 13 is an input device that inputs settings for fire detection, 14 Has a light projecting unit and a light receiving unit such as a laser for obtaining backscattered light from the optical fiber 15, and a processing device for controlling the light projecting unit and the light receiving unit to measure the position on the optical fiber 15 and the temperature at the position. Measuring unit (SE
16 is an interface for taking in the position measured at SE 14 and the temperature at that position, and 17 is a transmission / reception unit (hereinafter T) for transmitting / receiving a signal such as a fire signal to / from a fire receiver or the like.
Reference numeral 18 denotes a heat insulating material, which is an optical fiber 15 which is folded back from the middle in the monitoring area and which is covered by one of the optical fibers 15 which are installed in double.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the overall operation of this embodiment. First, in this embodiment, as shown in Table 1, for a plurality of setting items DTn, a distance on the optical fiber 15 is set as Dm as a fire monitoring range, a starting point distance DS and an end point distance DE are set, Its monitoring range D
The fire discrimination method and address ADn for S to DE are set, and the fire discrimination method is FDL (constant temperature type spot type), FDP (differential type spot type), FDT (differential type distributed type) and FDX (constant temperature type). (Distributed type) is preset in the ROM 11 according to the environment of the monitoring range.
In the setting items where DT is set, the monitoring range DS to D
E is divided into a range DFS to DFE not covered with the heat insulating material 18 and a range DFS to DSE covered with the heat insulating material 18, and since the optical fiber 15 is folded back,
The range covered by the heat insulating material 18 corresponding to the range DFS-DFE not covered by the heat insulating material 18 is DSE-DSS.

[0016]

[Table 1]

Then, when the power is turned on, the apparatus is initialized (S100), a start command is sent to SE14 (S101), and a time wait is performed to measure the temperature on the optical fiber 15 in SE14 (S102). ), All distances Dm and their temperatures Tm on the optical fiber 15 are read from the SE 14 (S103), and the data of the read distances Dm and their temperatures Tm are stored in the RAM 12. After that, the fire discrimination processing is performed for the setting items DTn from the first DT1. First, n is set to "0" (S104), 1 is added to n (S105), and DS and DE of DTn or D
FS and DFE, and DSS and DSE are read (S106), S1
The total number CE of temperature measurement points between DS and DE or DFS and DFE read out in 06 is calculated (S107).

The determination method of the setting item DTn is FD.
It is determined whether or not L (S108), and if the determination method is SDL in S108, the FDL routine is entered (S10).
9) If the determination method is not FDL in S108, it is determined whether the determination method of the setting item DTn is FDP (S
110), if the determination method in S110 is FDP, FDP
The routine is entered (S111), and the discrimination method is F in S110.
If it is not DP, it is judged whether or not the discrimination method of the setting item DTn is FDT (S112), and if the discrimination method is FDT in S112, the FDT routine is entered (S113),
If the determination method is not FDT in S112, the setting item DT
It is determined whether or not the determination method of n is FDX (S11
4) If the determination method is FDX in S114, the FDX routine is entered (S115), and the determination method is FDP in S114.
If not, it is considered that the setting of the discrimination method is defective, and TR
A signal indicating a setting error is sent from X17 (S11).
6).

Then, FDL, FDP, FDT, FDX
When any one of the routines ends or a signal indicating a setting failure is sent, it is judged whether or not the setting item DTn is equal to or more than the final setting item DTE (S117).
If not, the process returns to S105 and the fire determination process is performed for the next setting item. If DTn is greater than or equal to DTE in S117, a predetermined timing is taken in order to keep the SE14 activation interval constant, for example, every 15 seconds.
Then, the above operation is repeated.

Next, the operation of the FDL routine will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the operation of the FDL routine. First, when the FDL routine is started, the FD
The reference value SL for discriminating the fire in L is read from the storage area set in the ROM 11 or the like (S120), and the distance DS of the starting point of the discriminating area is set as Dm (for example, the distance D1 in the setting item DT1) ( S121), distance D
The temperature Tm of m is read (S122). Then, it is judged whether or not the read temperature Tm is larger than the reference value SL (S123), and if it is larger in S123, the distance Dm.
The fire signal to the RAM 12 (S124),
It is determined whether or not Dm is equal to the end point distance DE (for example, the distance D4 in the setting item DT1) (S125). Also,
If not large in S123, the process proceeds to S125.

If Dm is not equal to the end point distance DE in S125, Dm is set to the next distance and the process returns to S122 (S126). If Sm is equal to the end point distance DE in S125, a fire signal is stored in the RAM 12. If it is determined that the fire signal is stored in S127, the address AD of the setting item DTn is determined.
n (for example, address AD1 in setting item DT1) is read, a fire signal is sent from TRX17 to the signal line together with address ADn, and the FDL routine ends (S12).
8). Further, if it is determined in S127 that the fire signal is not stored, the FDL routine is ended as it is.

Next, the operation of the FDP routine will be described. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of the FDP routine. First, when the FDP routine is started, the FD
The reference value SP for determining the fire at P is read from the storage area set in the ROM 11 or the like (S130), and the distance DFS of the starting point of the area not covered by the heat insulating material 18 is set as Dm1 ( For example, for the setting item DT2, the distance D5 is set (S131), and the heat insulating material 1 in the area to be determined
The distance DSS of the starting point of the range covered by 8 is set as Dm2 (for example, the distance D12 in the setting item DT2) (S13).
2) The temperature Tm1 at the distance Dm1 and the temperature Tm2 at the distance Dm2 are read (S133).

Then, the temperature difference ΔTm between Tm1 and Tm2 is calculated (S134), and it is judged whether the temperature difference ΔTm calculated in S134 is larger than the reference value SP (S135), S1.
If it is larger than 35, the fire signal for the distances Dm1 and Dm2 is stored in the RAM 12 (S136), and it is determined whether or not Dm1 is equal to the end point distance DFE (for example, the distance D8 in the setting item DT2) (S137). . If not large in S135, the process proceeds to S137.

If Dm1 is not equal to the end point distance DFE in S137, Dm1 is set to the next distance (S138), and Dm1
Set m2 to the next distance and return to S133 (S139), S1
If Dm1 is equal to the end point distance DFE at 37, RAM12
It is determined whether or not a fire signal is stored in (S14
0), if it is determined in S140 that the fire signal is stored, the address ADn of the setting item DTn (for example, the address AD2 in the setting item DT2) is read out, and the fire signal is sent from the TRX 17 to the signal line together with the address ADn.
The FDP routine ends (S141). In addition, S14
If it is judged that the fire signal is not stored in 0, FDP
The routine ends as it is.

Here, as a distance next to the distance Dm1, D (m +
In contrast to 1) 1, the distance Dm2 is set to D (m-1) 2 as the next distance because the optical fiber 15 is folded back and doubled as described above. .
Then, in the case of the same direction, D (m + 1) 1 and D (m + 1) 2 are set. This may be distinguished by the setting, or may be determined by comparing the start point and the end point as a range.

Next, the operation of the FDT routine will be described. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of the FDT routine. First, when the FDT routine is started, the FD
The reference value ST for the fire determination at T is read from the storage area set in the ROM 11 or the like (S150), and the distance DFS of the starting point of the area not covered by the heat insulating material 18 is set as Dm1 ( For example, for the setting item DT3, the distance D13) is calculated (S151), and ΣT for calculating the total temperature measured between DFS and DFE of the setting item DTn.
F is set to "0" (S152), and the temperature Tm1 at the distance Dm1 is read (S153).

Then, Tm1 is added to ΣTF (S15)
4), it is determined whether or not Dm1 is equal to the distance DFE at the end point (for example, the distance D16 in the setting item DT3) (S155), S
If Dm1 is not equal to the end point distance DFE at 155, Dm1
Is returned to S153 (S156), and the process is repeated until all the temperatures measured from DFS to DFE are added. Then, if Dm1 is equal to the end point distance DFE in S155, the addition of all the temperatures measured between DFS and DFE is completed, so ΣTF is divided by the total number CE of temperature measurement points between DFS and DFE, and The average temperature TFAV of the temperatures during the DFE is calculated (S157).

Then, the distance DSS of the starting point of the range covered by the heat insulating material 18 in the region to be discriminated is set as Dm2 (for example, the distance D22 in the setting item DT3) (S159), and between the VSS and DSE of the setting item DTn. ΣTS for calculating the total of the temperatures measured in step S1 is set to "0" (S159), and the temperature Tm2 at the distance Dm2 is read out (S160).

Then, Tm2 is added to ΣTS (S16
1), it is judged whether or not Dm2 is equal to the end point distance DSE (for example, the distance D17 in the setting item DT3) (S162), S
If Dm2 is not equal to the end point distance DSE at 162, Dm2
Is returned to S160 (S163), and the process is repeated until all the temperatures measured between DSS and DSE are added. If Dm2 is equal to the end point distance DSE in S162, the addition of all the temperatures measured between DSS and DSE is completed, so ΣTS is divided by the total number CE of temperature measurement points between DSS and DSE, and The average temperature TSAV of the temperatures during DSE is calculated (S164).

The average temperature TFAV and the average temperature TSAV
The temperature difference ΔTAV is calculated (S165), and it is determined whether the temperature difference ΔTAV calculated in S165 is larger than the reference value ST (S166).
It is stored in the AM 12 (S167), and it is determined whether or not the fire signal is stored in the RAM 12 (S168), S16.
If 6 is not large, the process proceeds to S168. And S
If it is determined in 168 that the fire signal is stored, the address ADn of the setting item DTn (for example, the setting item DT3
Then, the address AD3) is read, the fire signal is sent from the TRX 17 to the signal line together with the address ADn, and the FDT routine is ended (S169). If it is determined in S168 that the fire signal is not stored, the FDT routine ends.

Next, the operation of the FDX routine will be described. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of the FDX routine. First, when the FDX routine is started, the FD
The reference value SX for the fire discrimination at X is read from the storage area set in the ROM 11 or the like (S170), and the distance DS of the starting point of the discrimination area is set as Dm (for example, the distance D23 in the setting item DT4) ( S171), ΣT for calculating the total temperature measured between DS and DE of the setting item DTn is set to "0" (S172), and the distance Dm is set.
The temperature Tm of is read (S173).

Then, Tm is added to ΣT (S17
4), it is determined whether or not Dm is equal to the end point distance DE (for example, the distance D26 in the setting item DT4) (S175), S
If Dm is not equal to the end point distance DE at 175, then Dm
Is set as the next distance and the process returns to S173 (S176) and is repeated until all the temperatures measured from DS to DE are added. If Dm is equal to the end point distance DE in S175, the addition of all the temperatures measured from DS to DE is completed, so ΣT is divided by the total number CE of temperature measurement points from DS to DE, and from DS Average temperature T between DE
The AV is calculated (S177).

Then, the average temperature TAV calculated in S177
Is larger than the reference value SX (S178),
If it is large in S178, the fire signal is stored in the RAM 12 (S179), and it is determined whether or not the fire signal is stored in the RAM 12 (S180). If it is not large in S178, the process proceeds to S180. If it is determined in S180 that the fire signal is stored, the address ADn of the setting item DTn (for example, the address ADn of the setting item DT4 is set).
4) Read out and fire signal TR with address ADn
The signal is sent from X17 to the signal line to end the FDX routine (S181). If it is determined in S180 that the fire signal is not stored, the FDX routine is ended.

In this embodiment, the fire discriminating process is performed by the optimum fire discriminating method according to the environments of the plural monitor ranges on the optical fiber, so that more temperature information can be obtained by the optical fiber and the monitor range can be obtained. By using the differential fire detection method according to the environment, it is possible to detect fires earlier than the conventional method that uses only a constant temperature method to detect fires. Since a differential type fire determination process is performed by using a fiber and covering one of the optical fibers with a heat insulating material, the differential type fire determination can be speeded up and an accurate fire determination can be performed.

In this embodiment, one fire discrimination method is set in one monitoring range, but the setting items DT
The same monitoring range may be set for a plurality of n, and different fire determination methods may be set for each, so that a plurality of fire determination methods may be set for one monitoring range. In this embodiment, the setting item DTn is stored in the ROM 11 in advance.
Although it was explained that it is set to,
It may be set in the RAM 12 or the like, or another storage medium such as an EEPROM, an IC card, or a floppy disk may be used. Also, the setting item DTn is the monitoring range DS to DE.
Although the discrimination method is set for the above, the level may be set by preparing a plurality of reference values. Then, the optimum discrimination method and the optimum level can be set for each range.

[0036]

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the temperature at each position on the optical fiber which is doubly attached to the fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with the heat insulating material is measured. hand,
The difference value of the temperature measured at each position on the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the corresponding position on the optical fiber covered with the heat insulating material is calculated, and the difference value and the preset value are set. Since the fire is detected based on the fire discriminant value, the fire can be discriminated in the monitoring area using the optical fiber simultaneously with the temperature measurement by the differential spot type operation, which enables early fire detection. It has the effect of making accurate fire decisions.

According to the second invention, the fire monitoring area is
Measure the temperature at each position on the optical fiber that is heavily attached and one of which is covered with heat insulating material, and cover the average value of the measured temperature with the optical fiber that is not covered with the heat insulating material and the heat insulating material. The optical fiber is used because the fire is detected based on the calculated difference value of the calculated average value and the calculated difference value and the preset fire discrimination value. The fire discrimination in the monitoring area can be performed simultaneously with the temperature measurement by the differential distribution type operation, the early fire detection can be performed, and an accurate fire determination can be performed.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the optical fiber is doubly attached to the fire monitoring area, one is covered with the heat insulating material, and the temperature at each position on the optical fiber is measured by the measuring means. When the measuring means measures the temperature at each position on the optical fiber by the measuring means, each position on the optical fiber not covered by the heat insulating material and the optical fiber covered by the corresponding heat insulating material The difference value of the temperature measured at the upper position is calculated, and the fire is detected based on the difference value and the preset fire judgment value. The differential spot type operation has an effect that it is possible to detect the fire at an early stage by performing the temperature measurement at the same time as the temperature measurement and to make an accurate fire judgment.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the optical fiber is doubly attached to the fire monitoring area, one is covered with the heat insulating material, and the temperature at each position on the optical fiber is measured by the measuring means. When the calculating means measures the temperature at each position on the optical fiber by the measuring means, the average value of the measured temperatures is the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the light covered with the heat insulating material. Each fiber is calculated, the difference value of the calculated average value is calculated, and the fire is detected based on the difference value and the preset fire discrimination value. The determination is performed by the differential distribution type operation simultaneously with the temperature measurement, and early fire detection can be performed, and an accurate fire determination can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a fire detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the overall operation of the embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing an operation of an FDL routine.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of an FDP routine.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the operation of an FDT routine.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the operation of an FDX routine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Microprocessor (Calculation Means) 11 ROM 12 RAM 13 Input Device 14 Measuring Unit (Measuring Means) 15 Optical Fiber 16 Interface 17 Transmitter / Receiver 18 Thermal Insulation Material

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A temperature is measured at each position on an optical fiber that is doubly attached to a fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with a heat insulating material, and the temperature of the optical fiber that is not covered with the heat insulating material is measured. A fire that detects a fire based on the calculated difference value of the temperature measured at each position and the position on the optical fiber covered with the corresponding heat insulating material, and the fire judgment value set in advance. Detection method. 2. A temperature is measured at each position on an optical fiber that is doubly attached to a fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with a heat insulating material, and the average value of the measured temperatures is measured by the heat insulating material. Fire is detected based on the difference between the uncovered optical fiber and the optical fiber covered with heat insulating material, and the difference between the calculated averages. Fire detection method. 3. An optical fiber double-attached to a fire monitoring area, one of which is covered with a heat insulating material, measuring means for measuring the temperature at each position on the optical fiber, and the measuring means. When the temperature at each respective position on the optical fiber is measured, it is measured at each position on the optical fiber which is not covered with the insulating material and the corresponding position on the optical fiber which is covered with the insulating material. A fire detecting device comprising: a temperature difference calculating unit that calculates a difference value between the temperatures, and a calculating unit that detects a fire based on the difference value and a preset fire determination value. 4. An optical fiber which is doubly attached to a fire monitoring area and one of which is covered with a heat insulating material, measuring means for measuring the temperature at each position on the optical fiber, and the measuring means. When the temperature at each position on the optical fiber is measured, the average value of the measured temperature is calculated for each of the optical fiber not covered with the heat insulating material and the optical fiber covered with the heat insulating material, A fire detecting device comprising: a calculating unit that calculates a difference value of the calculated average value and detects a fire based on the difference value and a preset fire determination value.