JPH08105283A - Excavating device and excavating method using excavating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To attain the efficiency and labor saving of excavating work in the ground covered with a ballast layer. CONSTITUTION: An excavating device is constituted of an auger drill 22, and a cylindrical drum tip 25 with an inner diameter lager than at least the blade outer diameter of the auger drill 22 and with the height larger than at least the thickness of a ballast layer B, and the drum tip 25 is removable from the auger drill 22. The drum tip 25 fitted to the auger drill 22 is first rotatory-driven along with the auger drill 22 so as to be inserted in the ballast layer B, and as it is inserted in the ballast layer B, the drum tip 25 is removed from the auger drill 22. The ballast layer B on the inside of the drum tip 25, and the ground G on the lower side are then excavated by the auger drill 22.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a digging apparatus for digging a ground covered with a ballast layer (for example, a ground in a track) and a digging method using the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the case of digging a hole for building a utility pole or the like on the ground as described above, first, the ballast layer was manually digged in a mortar shape over a wide area, and then the ground was digged by an auger drill. Here, the auger drill is a rotary blade that is provided with a spiral blade on the outer periphery of the shaft, and is rotatably driven in a state of being suspended by a crane so that the blade is immersed in the ground. The earth and sand on the blade are thrown to another place by the operation of a crane, and a hole is dug in the ground. Then, by repeating this, a hole having a required depth can be excavated. For this reason, if the ballast layer is not dug in advance as described above, the ballasts will collapse one after another and the holes will be filled even if excavation by an auger drill is carried out, and the digging work will not proceed slowly.

By the way, particularly when performing such a digging work on a track, there is a circumstance that the work must be completed at midnight and in a short time so as not to obstruct the passage of trains.

[0004]

However, the manual digging of the ballast layer often requires a considerable amount of time, and there is a problem that the labor load on the worker is large.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and a digging device and a digging device capable of improving the efficiency and labor of digging work on the ground covered with a ballast layer. The purpose is to provide a digging method using.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, a drilling device of the present invention has an auger drill, an inner diameter larger than at least the outer diameter of a blade of the auger drill, and at least a ballast. It is composed of a cylindrical drum tooth tip having a height larger than the layer thickness, and this drum tooth tip is detachable from the auger drill.

According to the digging method of the present invention using such a digging device, first, the drum tooth tip attached to the auger drill is rotationally driven together with the auger drill to insert it into the ballast layer,
With the tip of the drum inserted in the ballast layer, remove the tip of the drum from the auger drill. Then, the ballast layer inside the tooth tip of the drum and the ground below this are excavated by the auger drill. The drum addendum left in the ballast layer plays a role of so-called earth retaining that holds the ballast so that it does not fall into the hole during excavation. Therefore, it is not necessary to manually dig the ballast layer as in the conventional case.

When excavating with an auger drill, an auger tooth tip is usually attached to the tip of the auger drill. In this case, however, it is desirable that the drum tooth tip can be attached to and detached from the auger tooth tip. This eliminates the need for exchanging the auger tooth tip and the drum tooth tip with respect to the auger drill, thereby enabling more efficient drilling work.

[0009]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 show a railroad bidirectional digging column vehicle equipped with the digging device according to the present invention. This digging column vehicle 1 is configured based on a truck traveling on a road. Therefore, tires 3 are attached to the front, rear, left, and right of the vehicle body 2. Also,
Iron wheels 4 are attached to the front, rear, left and right sides of the vehicle body 2 by an iron wheel overhanging mechanism 5 so as to be freely extended (lowered) and retracted (raised). The iron wheel overhanging mechanism 5 is attached to a side surface of the vehicle body 2 so as to extend vertically and is attached to a lower end portion of the support member 5a so as to be vertically swingable.
An iron wheel holding member 5b that holds the iron wheel 4 rotatably, and a hydraulic cylinder 5c that is mounted between the upper end of the support member 5a and the iron wheel holding member 5b and swings the iron wheel holding member 5b up and down by expansion and contraction operation. Has been done. A hydraulic center jack 6 that extends and contracts downward is attached to the center of the vehicle body 2 in the front-rear direction.

Further, hydraulic outrigger jacks 7 which extend and retract toward the side of the vehicle body 2 and extend and contract downward toward the front, rear, left and right of the vehicle body, respectively.
Is attached. In addition, on the upper front side of the vehicle body 2,
A hydraulic power unit 8 for supplying hydraulic oil to the above-mentioned hydraulic actuators and a boom and a digging device described later is attached.

At the rear portion of the vehicle body 2, a swivel base 11 is mounted which can freely swivel horizontally with respect to the vehicle body 2. A boom 12 configured to extend and contract in a telescopic shape is pivotally attached to the upper portion of the swivel base 11 so as to be able to rise and fall. Boom 1
A winch 14 that raises and lowers a hook 13 that is hung from the tip of the boom 12 is attached to the upper side of the base end portion of 2. A rectangular auger support frame 15 is attached to the outer circumference of the boom 12. Auger support frame 15
Can be selectively engaged with and disengaged from the base end member 12a of the boom 12 and the boom head 12b by an engaging / disengaging mechanism (not shown). A connecting rod 16 that is swingable in the width direction of the boom 12 is attached to the lower portion of the auger support frame 15, and the digging device 20 of the present invention is attached to the lower end of the connecting rod 16. There is. Incidentally. Auger support member 1
5 is engaged with the base end member 12a, and the connecting rod 16
The digging device 20 can be stored in the boom 12 by extending the digging device 20 to the side of the boom 12 and pulling up the digging device 20 so as to extend along the boom 12.
Further, by engaging the auger support member 15 with the boom head 12b, the digging device 20 can be moved to an arbitrary position by elevating and retracting the boom 12.

The digging column vehicle 1 thus constructed first travels on the road to a railroad rail (hereinafter, simply referred to as a rail) R near a work site near a railroad crossing. . At this time, each iron wheel 4 is pulled up and stored with respect to the vehicle body 2. When you arrive at the above railroad crossing,
On the railroad crossing, the digging column vehicle 1 is stopped so as to cross the rail R. Next, the center jack 6 is extended to lift the vehicle body 2, and the vehicle body 2 is turned around the center jack 6 to a position parallel to the rail R. Then, the iron wheels 4 are projected, and the center jack 6 is contracted to lower the vehicle body 2. As a result, each iron wheel 4 rides on the rail R, and the rear tire 3 that is the driving wheel of the truck also contacts the rail R. Therefore, when the rear tire 3 is rotationally driven, the iron wheels 4 are guided by the rails R, and the digger / column 1 can be moved to the work site.

When the digging construction column vehicle 1 arrives at the work site, the outrigger jack 7 is appropriately extended to the side of the vehicle body 2 and the lower end portion is grounded so that the vehicle body 2 is slightly lifted as shown in FIG. While supporting it on the swivel base 11 and boom 12
Is operated to move the digging device 20 above the ground next to the rail R to dig a hole for building a utility pole (not shown) for supporting the trolley wire. However, this ground is a ground whose top is covered with a ballast layer. Therefore, the digging device 20 has a structure and function suitable for excavating the ground. Hereinafter, the digging device 20 will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 1, the digging device 20 includes an auger motor 21 connected to a connecting rod 16 and an auger drill 22 attached to a lower portion of the auger motor 21.
The drum support member 23 is detachably attached to the lower end of the auger drill 22, and the drum tooth tip 25 is detachably attached to the drum support member 23. The auger drill 22 includes a shaft 22a that is telescopically expandable and retractable, and the shaft 22a.
And a blade 22b spirally formed on the outer periphery of the lower part of the. The auger motor 21 receives the hydraulic oil from the hydraulic power unit 8 and receives the auger drill 22.
Is driven to rotate about the shaft 22a.

As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the drum support member 23 has an annular outer peripheral member 23a and an outer peripheral member 23a.
And a connecting member 23b supported at the center of the cross by a structural member extending in a cross shape inside. The rectangular first positioning plate 23e is provided at positions corresponding to both ends of one diameter on the outer peripheral surface of the outer peripheral member 23a.
Is attached. Similarly, rectangular second positioning plates 23f having a width narrower than that of the first positioning plate 23e are attached to the outer peripheral surface at positions corresponding to both ends of the other diameter forming an angle of 90 degrees with the above diameter. . The lower portions of the positioning plates 23e and 23f project below the outer peripheral member 23a. The plate 2 is provided below the first positioning plate 23e.
A set pin 23g is attached which penetrates 3e and can be pushed in and pulled out in the radial direction of the outer peripheral member 23a.

On the other hand, a prismatic boss 23c is formed on an upper portion of the connecting member 23b, and a pin hole 23d penetrating therethrough is formed on a side surface of the boss 23c. The drum support member 23 configured as described above is used for the boss 2
3c is inserted into a boss hole 22d having a rectangular opening formed at the lower end of the shaft 22a, and the shaft 22a extends through the boss hole 22d in the radial direction of the shaft 22a.
a pin hole 22d and a boss 23c formed through the lower end of a
By inserting a pin (not shown) into the pin hole 23d of the above, it is attached to the lower end of the auger drill 22 so as to be rotatable integrally therewith. A center bit 24 having drill teeth is attached to the lower end of a vertically extending round bar on the lower side of the connecting member 23b of the drum supporting member 23 (the central lower surface of the structural member).

As shown in FIG. 2, the drum addendum 25 is attached to a cylindrical drum member 25a and a lower portion of the outer peripheral surface of the drum member 25a at equal intervals in the circumferential direction, and the lower portion is lower than the lower end of the drum member 25a. Is also composed of a plurality of rectangular plate-shaped teeth 25b protruding downward. Here, the inner and outer diameters of the drum member 25a are the same as the inner and outer diameters of the outer peripheral member 23a of the drum support member 23, and the inner diameter D of the drum member 25a is larger than the outer diameter of the blade 22b of the auger drill 22. Further, the height H of the drum member 25a is larger than the thickness of the ballast layer that covers the ground to be excavated.

The upper portion of the outer peripheral surface of the drum member 25a has a first gap between the positions corresponding to both ends of one diameter.
There is provided a first plate retainer 25e composed of two rectangular plates with a space having a width substantially equal to the width of the positioning plate 23e. Similarly, two rectangles having a space having a width substantially equal to the width of the second positioning plate 23f therebetween are provided at positions corresponding to both ends of another diameter that makes an angle of 90 degrees with the above outer peripheral surface. A second plate holder 25f made of a plate is provided. The drum member 2
A set hole 25g penetrating the drum member 25a is formed between the two rectangular plates of the first plate retainer 25e on the outer peripheral surface of 5a.

The drum tooth tip 25 thus constructed is
The first positioning plate 23e is inserted into the space of the first plate retainer 25e, the second positioning plate 23f is inserted into the space of the second plate retainer 25f, and the set pin 23g is further pushed to set the set hole 2
By being inserted into 5 g, it is attached to the drum support member 23 so as to be rotatable integrally therewith. In addition, in the state in which the drum tip 25 is attached to the drum support member 23 in this way, as can be seen from FIG. 1, the lower end of the center bit 24 projects below the drum tip 25.

Next, the digging method by the digging device 20 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. First, FIG.
As shown in (A), the drum support member 23 and the drum tip 25 are attached to the lower end of the auger drill 22. The boring device 20 is moved by the expansion and contraction operation of the boom 12, and the drum tooth tip 25 is placed on the upper surface of the ballast layer B while aligning the lower end of the center bit 24 with the center position of the hole to be drilled. Then, the drum tooth tip 25 is driven to rotate together with the auger drill 22 by the operation of the auger motor 21, and the drum tooth tip 25 is inserted into the ballast layer B. At this time, since the teeth 25b stir the ballast, the drum tip 2
No. 5 smoothly enters the ballast layer B.

When the lower end of the drum tooth tip 25 reaches the lower end of the ballast layer B (upper end of the soil layer G), the rotation of the auger drill 22 is stopped, and as shown in FIG. Pull out the drum support member 23 and the drum tip 2
5, the boom 12 is lifted and the auger drill 22 and the drum support member 23 are lifted. As a result, the drum tip 25 is left inserted in the ballast layer B. Next, as shown in FIG. 3D, the drum support member 23 is removed from the lower end of the shaft 22a of the auger drill 22, and the auger tooth tips 26 are attached thereto.

The auger tip 26 is for agitating ballast or soil to facilitate excavation of the ballast or soil by the auger drill 22. For example, as shown in FIG. A blade 26b attached to the outer periphery of the shaft portion 26a, and the blade 26b
The teeth 26c projecting outward from b and a tip drill 26d attached to the lower end of the shaft portion 26a. A prismatic boss 26g to be inserted into the boss hole 22c of the shaft 22a is provided on the upper portion of the shaft portion 26a, and a pin can be inserted into the side surface of the boss 26g together with the pin hole 22d of the shaft 22a. The pin hole 22h is open.

Then, as shown in FIG. 4 (E), the auger drill 22 having an auger tooth tip 26 attached in place of the drum support member 23 is rotationally driven, and the ballast layer B inside the tooth tip 25 and the lower portion thereof. The soil layer G following is excavated. At this time, the drum tip 2 left in the ballast layer 25
5 plays a role of earth retaining, so to speak, and prevents the ballast from falling into the excavated hole.

When the hole is drilled to the required depth, the auger drill 22 is pulled out as shown in FIG.
Insert the fume tube P into the hole. This fume tube P is
It plays a role of a formwork for fixing concrete by pouring concrete between it and the utility pole built in the hole. After inserting the fume tube P in this manner, the auger support member 23 is attached to the auger drill 22 again, and the auger support member 23 is connected to the drum tooth top 25. And the auger drill 22
And the auger tip 25 is pulled out from the ballast layer B. After the building hole is completed in this way, the electric pole is built in the building hole using the boom 12 and the winch 14.

By the way, up to this point, after the drum tooth tip 25 is inserted into the ballast layer B and before the excavation by the auger drill 22 is performed, the drum support member 23 and the auger tooth tip 26 are replaced with each other. However, the drilling device of the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. 5, the auger tip 26 attached to the auger drill 22 (shaft 22a), the drum support member 23, and the drum tip. 25 type of digging equipment (hereinafter,
The second digging device). In this second digging device, as shown in detail in FIG. 6, the portion of the shaft portion 26a of the auger tooth tip 26 immediately below the attachment position of the blade 26b is formed into a prismatic shape. Less than,
This portion is referred to as an intermediate boss portion 26e. The side surface of the intermediate boss portion 26e has a pin hole 26f penetrating therethrough.
Is open.

In the second digging device, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the auger tooth tip 26 and the drum support member 23 are provided.
A joint 30 for connecting and is used. As shown in detail in FIG. 6, the joint 30 includes a cylindrical drill accommodating portion 31 and a truncated cone-shaped boss receiving portion 32 that is integrally mounted above and below the drill accommodating portion 31, respectively.
It consists of and. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the boss receiving portion 32 has a boss hole 32a having a rectangular opening and connected to the hollow hole 31a in the drill accommodating portion 31. Further, the boss receiving portion 32 is formed with a pin hole 32b which passes through the boss hole 32a and penetrates in the radial direction.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the joint 30 allows the drill portion 26d of the auger tooth tip 26 to be inserted into the drill accommodating portion 31 (hollow hole 31a) through the boss hole 32a in the one boss receiving portion 32. However, by inserting the intermediate boss portion 26e of the auger tooth tip 26 into the boss hole 32a and further inserting a pin (not shown) into the pin hole 32b and the pin hole 26f, the auger tooth tip 26 can rotate integrally therewith. It is attached. Then, the drum support member 23 inserts the boss 23c of the drum support member 23 into the boss hole 32a of the other boss receiving portion 32, and the pin hole 3
By inserting a pin into 2b and the pin hole 23d, it is attached to the joint 30 so as to be rotatable integrally therewith.

Next, a digging method using the second digging device will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8. First, FIG.
As shown in (A), with the drum support member 23 and the drum addendum 25 attached to the auger addendum 26 (the lower end of the auger drill 22) via the joint 30, the center bit 24 and the center of the hole to be excavated are formed. The drum addendum 25 is placed on the ballast layer B while being adjusted to the above position. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 7B, the auger drill 22 is rotationally driven to insert the drum tooth tip 25 into the ballast layer B.
After the drum tip 25 is inserted to the lower end of the ballast layer B, the connection between the drum support member 23 and the drum tip 25 is released, and the auger drill 22 and the drum support member 23 are released, as shown in FIG. 7C. Raise. And FIG.
As shown in (D), replace the joint 30 with the auger tooth tip 26.
Remove from. As a result, the drum support member 23 and the auger tooth tip 2 can be swiftly, that is, the first drilling device 20.
It is possible to start the excavation of the soil layer G on the inner side of the drum tooth tip 25 and the soil layer G therebelow by the auger drill 22 without performing the replacement work with the No. Further, as shown in FIGS. 8E and 8F, after the excavation is completed and the fume pipe P is inserted into the excavated hole, the joint 30 attached to the drum support member 23 is attached to the auger tooth tip 26. The drum tooth tip 25 can be pulled out from the ballast layer B only by mounting.

It should be noted that although the type of the digging device in which the drum tooth tip 25 is attached to the tip of the auger drill 22 has been described so far, the digging device of the present invention is not limited to this, and as shown in FIG. , A drilling device of the type in which the drum tip 25 is attached to the upper part of the auger drill 22 (hereinafter,
It may be referred to as a third digging device). This third
9 (A), the drum support member 23 'is attached to the upper portion of the auger drill 22 (shaft 22a) having the auger tooth tip 26 attached to the lower end thereof by direct welding or the like, as shown in FIG. 9 (A). Then, the auger drill 22 is rotationally driven while the drum tooth tip 25 is connected to the drum support member 23 ′, and the auger drill 22 is embedded in the ballast layer B and the soil layer G. As shown in FIG. 9B, when the lower end of the drum tip 25 reaches the lower end of the ballast layer B, the rotation of the auger drill 22 is stopped, and the drum support member 23 '.
And the tip of the drum tooth 25 are disconnected. Next, FIG.
As shown in (C), the boom 12 is raised and the auger drill 22 is raised, and the ballast layer B and the soil layer G inside the drum tooth tip 25 are dug out at a stretch. As a result, even the work of attaching and detaching the drum support member 23 'can be dispensed with, and the holes can be efficiently drilled. Note that, after the excavation is completed, the fume pipe is inserted into the hole, and the auger drill 22 cannot be inserted into the fume pipe.
Is used to pull out the tip 25 of the drum from the ballast layer B.

Further, the digging device shown in FIG. 10 (hereinafter referred to as the fourth digging device) can be used. The fourth digging device is formed in a disc shape, and is attached to the shaft 22a of the auger drill 22 by welding or the like at a position close to the upper end of the blade 22b.
A, the second drum support member 23B formed in an annular shape,
And a drum tooth tip 25 'having a height slightly larger than the height of the blade 22b. The first
The outer diameter of the drum support member 23A is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the blade 22b. Then, the second drum support member 23B
The inner diameter of is approximately the same as the outer circumference of the first drum support member 23A. The outer diameter of the second drum support member 23B is almost the same as the inner diameter of the drum tooth tip 25 '. Drum tip 2
The upper end of the outer surface of 5 ′ penetrates through the drum tip 2
A set pin 25g 'that can be projected and retracted is attached to the inside of 5'.

Next, a digging method using the fourth digging device will be described with reference to FIG. First, as shown in FIG. 11 (A), the second drum support member 23B is attached to the drum tip 2
The second drum support member 23 is arranged in the inner side of 5 '.
B is fitted on the outer periphery of the first drum support member 23A. Then, push in the set pin 25g 'to push the tip 2 of the drum.
5'is attached to the first drum support member 23A together with the second drum support member 23B. As a result, the blade 22b of the auger drill 22 is housed in the drum tooth tip 25 ', and only the auger tooth tip 26 attached to the lower end of the shaft 22a projects below the drum tooth tip 25'. Then, as shown in FIG. 11B, the auger drill 22 is rotationally driven to insert the drum tooth top 25 ′ into the ballast layer B. At this time, the auger drill 22 also enters the ballast layer B together.

After the lower end of the drum tip 25 'is inserted to the lower end of the ballast layer B, as shown in FIG. 11C, the set pin 25g' is pulled so that each drum supporting member 23A,
The connection between 23B and the tooth tip 25 'of the drum is released, and the auger drill 22 and the first drum support member 23A are raised. At this time, the auger drill 22 moves up through the inside of the second drum supporting member B left on the side of the tooth tip 25 ′ of the drum. After raising the auger drill 22, the second drum support member B
Is removed from the drum tip 25 '. And FIG.
As shown in (D), the auger drill 22 with the first drum support member 23A still attached is used to excavate the ballast layer B inside the tooth tip 25 'of the drum and the soil layer G following the ballast layer B. After the excavation is completed, the fume pipe is inserted into the hole, and the auger drill 22 cannot be inserted into the fume pipe. Therefore, the winch 14 is used to pull out the drum tooth tip 25 ′ from the ballast layer B.

[0033]

As described above, according to the drilling apparatus and the drilling method of the present invention, the tip of the drum tooth previously inserted into the ballast layer by utilizing the rotational force of the auger drill is drilled by the auger drill. Since it plays a role of earth retaining to prevent the ballast from falling into the inside hole, it is possible to perform the digging work efficiently with a small labor burden, without the conventional manual digging work of the ballast layer. . If the drum tooth tip can be attached to and detached from the auger tooth tip attached to the tip of the auger drill, the work of exchanging the auger tooth tip and the drum tooth tip for the auger drill becomes unnecessary, and more efficient drilling work is possible. It can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a road-rail bidirectional digging column vehicle equipped with the digging device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of the digging device.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a digging method using the above digging device.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a digging method using the digging device.

FIG. 5 is a partial perspective view of a second embodiment of the digging device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side sectional view of the second embodiment.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a digging method using the second embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a digging method using the second embodiment.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a digging method using the third embodiment of the digging device according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a side sectional view of a fourth embodiment of the digging device according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an explanatory view of a digging method using the fourth embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 20 Drilling Equipment 22 Auger Drill 22a Shaft 22b Blade 23 Drum Support Member 25 Drum Tip 26 Auger Tip

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A digging device for digging a hole in the ground covered with a ballast layer, wherein an auger drill provided with a spiral blade on the outer periphery of the shaft and driven to rotate around the shaft, It has at least an inner diameter larger than the outer diameter of the blade and is composed of a cylindrical drum tooth tip having a height greater than at least the thickness of the ballast layer, and the drum tooth tip is detachable from the auger drill. A digging device characterized in that 2. An auger tooth tip is attached to a tip of the auger drill, and a drum attachment portion to which the drum tooth tip is detachably attached is provided on the auger tooth tip. The described digging device. 3. A digging method for digging a hole in the ground using the digging device according to claim 1, wherein the drum tooth tip attached to the auger drill is the auger. The drum tooth tip is removed from the auger drill while the drum tooth tip is inserted into the ballast layer by being driven to rotate together with a drill and inserted into the ballast layer, and the ballast inside the drum tooth tip is removed by the auger drill. A digging method characterized by excavating the layer and the ground below this.