JPH0783577B2 - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a rotary electric machine with reduced cogging force.

(Prior Art) A rotating electric machine with an salient-pole structure has a structure in which the armature is magnetically non-uniform due to the formation of winding grooves, so that the interaction between the armature and the field part composed of permanent magnets, etc. There is a problem that a cogging force is generated and smooth rotation of the rotor is impaired.

Therefore, conventionally, the magnetizing waveform of the field is made into a special waveform such as a trapezoid, and a protruding portion or a dummy slot for reducing cogging is provided at a portion of the salient pole of the armature facing the magnetic field.

FIG. 12 shows an example of the above-mentioned conventional rotary electric machine, in which reference numeral 1 is a field composed of an annular permanent magnet magnetized in two poles, 2 is an armature, and three salient poles 2a. A groove 2b for winding is provided between these salient poles. At the position of each salient pole 2a of the armature facing the field 1, with respect to the position of each winding groove 2b (36
(0 ° / field pole number = 180 °) A projecting portion 2c is projected in a direction parallel to the groove 2b at a position deviated from the cogging force generated in the winding groove 2b by the cogging force generated by the projecting portion 2c. It is designed to offset.

FIG. 13 shows another example of a conventional rotating electric machine,
Reference numeral 5 is a field, 6 is an armature, 6a is a salient pole of the armature, and 6b is a groove for winding between the salient poles. A plurality of dummy slots 6c are formed in a portion of each salient pole 6a facing the field 5 in a direction parallel to the winding groove 6b so as to cancel the cogging force generated by the winding groove 6b. .

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the conventional rotating electric machine in which the magnetization waveform of the field has a special shape,
It is difficult to control the magnetization for obtaining a predetermined magnetization waveform, and since the permanent magnet cannot be used in the saturated magnetization state because the gogging increases, there is a problem that the effective magnetic flux decreases as a whole.

In a conventional rotating electric machine in which a salient pole of an armature is provided with a protrusion or a dummy slot, the protrusion or dummy slot provided on the salient pole is required to have a height or depth sufficient to cancel the cogging force of the winding groove. There is. As a result, there is a problem that the gap between the salient pole and the field becomes large as a whole, the effective magnetic flux decreases, and the efficiency decreases. Also, since the entire salient pole needs to be moved closer to the armature body side by the amount of the protrusion or dummy slot, the winding space becomes smaller, and the formation of the protrusion makes the jig for winding a complicated shape. There's a problem.

The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, while preventing a decrease in effective magnetic flux and a decrease in efficiency without special measures for the magnetizing waveform and the shape of the salient poles of the armature. An object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electromagnetic system capable of reducing the cogging force and preventing the winding space from becoming small.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention provides an adjoining core parallel to the armature on at least one of both sides of the armature in the central axis direction, and the salient poles of the adjoining core have the number of field poles. Let P be the part facing the field and rotated by 360 ° / P in the direction of rotation with respect to the position of each groove for the winding or the position of each groove for the winding. In the direction of 360 ° / P and an integer multiple thereof, the size of the outermost peripheral portion of the salient pole of the side core in the rotation direction and the dimension of the groove in the outer peripheral portion of the armature in the rotation direction. It is characterized by being substantially equal.

(Function) Cogging force generated in the groove for winding and the position shifted by 360 ° / P (where P is the number of field poles) with respect to the position of each groove for the winding or each groove for the winding The cogging force generated by the salient poles of the adjacent core provided at a position deviated by 360 ° / P and its integral multiple in the rotation direction from the position of is opposite to each other, and the cogging forces of both are offset.

(Embodiment) An embodiment of a rotary electric machine according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 11 is a field magnet composed of an annular permanent magnet magnetized to have even poles in the circumferential direction, and 12 is an armature capable of rotating within the field magnet 11 about a rotating shaft 14. is there. Armature
Adjacent cores 13, 13 are provided on both sides in the direction of the rotation center axis of 12. The outer peripheral surfaces of the armature 12 and the core 13 are magnetic fields 11
Are located opposite to. An appropriate canceling coil 16 is wound around the armature 12.

The attached core 13 in the example of FIG. 1 is formed in a flat shape and arranged on both sides of the armature 12 in the direction of the rotation center axis, but the attached core 17 in the example of FIG. The outer peripheral edge, which is the facing portion, is bent into a hook shape to widen the facing area with the field magnet 11, and the attached core is provided only on one side in the rotation axis direction.
17 are arranged.

3 to 5 show the embodiment of FIG. 1 in more detail. In FIGS. 3 to 5, the field magnetized in two poles.
11, the salient poles of the armature 12 having three salient poles 12a, 12b, 12c and winding grooves 15a, 15b, 15c between these salient poles are arranged to face each other. ing. On the other hand, the core
13 is the six salient poles 13a, 13b, 13d, 13e facing the field 11,
It has 13f at 60 ° intervals, and these salient poles have a field pole number P
In this case, the grooves 15a, 15b, and 15c for the respective windings are provided at positions deviated by 360 ° / P and twice the rotational direction with respect to the positions of the grooves 15a, 15b, and 15c. More specifically, the salient poles of the armature
The salient pole 13a of the side-by-side core is made to overlap with 12a in the axial direction,
The salient pole 13b of the adjacent core is arranged so as to overlap the winding groove 15a in the axial direction, and the salient pole 12b and the winding groove 15 are similarly arranged.
The salient poles 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f of the side-by-side core are arranged so as to axially overlap the b, the salient pole 12c, and the winding groove 15c, respectively. The salient poles of the auxiliary core arranged based on the position of the winding groove 15a are 13e and 13b, and the salient poles of the auxiliary core arranged based on the winding groove 15b are 13a and 13d and the winding groove 15c. The salient poles of the adjacent cores arranged as a reference are 13c and 13f. Set the dimensions of the outermost peripheral part of each salient pole of the core 13 in the rotating direction.
l2, l1 and l1 are the outer dimensions of the armature 12.
Are almost equal. As shown in FIG. 1, the auxiliary cores 13 are arranged on both sides of the armature 12 in the central axis direction with the armature 12 interposed therebetween.

As shown in FIG. 5, it is assumed that the armature and the auxiliary core move relative to the right side relative to the field magnet 11. Now, as shown in FIG. 5, the armature salient pole 12a is about to move away from one neutral point A of the field magnet 11 and is attached to the other neutral points B and C of the field magnet 11. If the salient poles 13c and 13f of the core are about to enter, a cogging force is generated at the neutral point A and the neutral points B and C. The cogging force generated at the neutral point A and the cogging force generated at the neutral points B and C are opposite to each other,
The cogging force is offset as a whole. Conversely, when one salient pole of the armature is about to enter one neutral point, the two salient poles of the adjoining core try to move away from the two neutral points, and one salient pole of the armature The cogging force generated by the two salient poles of the adjacent core is offset, and the cogging force is offset as a whole.

According to the above-mentioned embodiment, it is not necessary to make the magnetizing waveform of the field into a special shape, and it is sufficient to carry out the saturation magnetizing as a whole. Therefore, it is possible to easily manage the magnetizing and obtain a sufficient magnetic flux. Further, since it is not necessary to provide a protrusion on the surface of each armature facing the field of each salient pole, and it is not necessary to provide a dummy slot, each salient pole does not recede to the armature body side as a whole. Therefore, the reduction of the effective magnetic flux can be prevented, the winding space is not limited, and the cogging force can be reduced while preventing the efficiency from decreasing.

The position of the salient poles of the side-by-side core is generally located at a position that is offset by 360 ° / P in the direction of rotation from the position of each groove for winding, or in the direction of rotation with respect to the position of each groove for winding. It is sufficient if the position is shifted by 360 ° / P or an integral multiple thereof, and the number of salient poles of the core adjacent to one winding groove may be one, or there may be a plurality as in the above embodiment. It may be.

Fig. 6 shows one salient pole of the side core for one winding groove.
An example of a side-by-side core in the case of providing individual pieces is shown. In FIG.
The adjoining core 18 has three salient poles 18a, 18b, 18c. The salient poles are provided at positions deviated by 360 ° / P = 180 ° in the rotational direction from the position of the groove for each winding of the armature.
That is, assuming that the structure of the armature is the same as that in FIG. 3, the salient pole corresponding to the winding groove 15a is 18c, the salient pole corresponding to the winding groove 15b is 18a, and the salient pole corresponding to the winding groove 15c. The salient pole to do is 18b.

Even when the auxiliary core shown in FIG. 6 is used, the cogging force generated in the winding groove can be canceled by the cogging force generated in the salient pole of the auxiliary core. In this embodiment, since the number of salient poles of the side-by-side core for one winding groove is small, the side-by-side core is arranged on both sides in the direction of the central axis of the armature, or measures such as increasing the thickness of the side-by-side core are taken. Is desirable.

7 and 8 show a field 21 magnetized to four poles, three salient poles 22a, 22b and 22c, and winding grooves 25a and 25 between these salient poles.
An armature 22 having b and 25c is provided, and four salient poles of the side-by-side core are arranged in each winding groove.
Reference numeral 24 is a rotation axis. The total number of cores 23 is 12 at 30 ° intervals
It has salient poles. The salient poles of the side-by-side core 23 are rotated in the direction of rotation with respect to the positions of the winding grooves 25a, 25b, 25c of the armature 22.
° / P and its integral multiples, ie 360 ° / 4 = 90 °, 180 ° which is twice that, 270 ° which is three times 90 °, and 360 ° which is four times 90 ° It is located in. In particular,
The salient poles of the adjoining core provided with reference to the winding groove 25a are four salient poles indicated by 23a, and the salient poles of the adjoining core provided with reference to the winding groove 25b are 23b. Shown 4
The salient poles of the adjacent core provided with reference to the winding groove 25c are four salient poles indicated by 23c.
The size of each salient pole of the auxiliary core 23 in the rotation direction and the size of the groove for each winding in the rotation direction are substantially the same.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the number of salient poles of the side core is four with respect to one winding groove, which is larger than that in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the cogging force generated by one winding groove is applied to the side core. Since the cogging forces generated by the four salient poles are used to cancel each other, it is sufficient to dispose the auxiliary core only on one side of the armature in the central axis direction.

FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 show an embodiment in which the auxiliary pole is provided in the groove for winding between the salient poles of the armature. In FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the armature 32 faces the annular field 31 magnetized to have two poles.
3 salient poles 32a are arranged, and between these salient poles there is a groove 35 for winding, and within these grooves 35 are these grooves.
A commutating pole 32b is arranged so as to divide 35 into two. The armature 32 rotates with respect to the field magnet 31 by the rotating shaft 34. An attached core 33 is provided on at least one of the armatures 32 in the central axis direction. The auxiliary core 33 has three salient poles 33a. That is, the salient poles 33a of the auxiliary core 33 are provided one by one with respect to the groove for one winding, and are displaced from the position of the groove 35 for each winding by 360 ° / P = 180 ° in the rotational direction. It is provided at the part where Since the cogging force generated by the groove 35 for one winding and the cogging force generated by the commutating pole 32b in the groove are in opposite directions to each other, each salient pole 33 of the auxiliary core 33 is
a is bisected at the central portion in the rotating direction by a groove 33b having a size corresponding to the size of the rotating pole 32b in the rotating direction. Both cogging forces can be offset. The dimension l _{2 in} the rotation direction of each divided piece of each salient pole 33a of the auxiliary core 33 divided by each groove 33b is the dimension in the rotation direction of each divided portion of each winding groove 35 divided by each auxiliary pole 32b. It is almost equal to l ₁ .
In the case of this embodiment, the cogging reduction effect and other effects similar to those of the above-described embodiments are also obtained.

FIG. 11 also shows an example of the side-by-side core in the case where the auxiliary pole is provided in the groove for winding between the salient poles of the armature. As in the case of the examples of FIGS. 9 and 10, if it has a field 31 magnetized in two poles and an armature of three poles, the core 37 in FIG. 11 has one winding groove. On the other hand, two salient poles 37a of the juxtaposed core 37 are arranged. That is, the salient poles 37a of the side-by-side core 37 are arranged at positions shifted by 360 ° / P and twice the rotational direction with respect to the positions of the winding grooves. Also in this example, each salient pole 37a of the side-by-side core 37 is divided into two by a groove 37b corresponding to each auxiliary pole of the armature. The size in the rotation direction of each divided piece of each salient pole divided into two parts of the side-by-side core is substantially equal to the size in the rotation direction of each divided part of the groove for each winding divided into two in each auxiliary pole. In the case of this embodiment also,
The same effects and advantages as those of the embodiment shown in FIGS.

The position of the salient poles of the side-by-side core for reducing the cogging force must be in the same phase as the winding groove. In such a case, by making the size of the outermost peripheral portion of the salient poles of the auxiliary core in the rotation direction and the size of the groove in the outer peripheral portion of the armature in the rotation direction substantially equal to the phase of the cogging torque generated by the winding groove. The phase of the cogging torque generated by the salient poles of the adjacent core can be aligned, and a high effect of reducing the cogging torque can be obtained. To make the dimensions of the outermost peripheral portion of the salient poles of the side-by-side core in the rotational direction and the dimensions of the grooves in the outer peripheral portion of the armature in the rotational direction substantially equal to each other does not have to be exactly the same, but it is sufficient that the phases do not shift. means.
Here, when the number of magnetic poles of the field is P, the number of grooves for winding the armature is M, and the greatest common divisor of P and M is Q, the salient poles of the adjacent core have a relationship of P · M / Q. If arranged, the cogging force can be reduced. In this case, the number of salient poles of the adjacent core for one winding groove is P / Q. If P / Q is 2 or more, even if the core is thin, it has a great effect of reducing cogging. Further, like the salient pole 17 in the example of FIG. 2, by bending the salient pole of the side-by-side core into a hook shape so as to oppose this to the field magnet, the area of opposition to the field magnet can be increased, The attached core can be made even thinner.

The present invention can be applied to rotary electric motors and generators. One of the field magnet and the armature may rotate with respect to the other, and the outer rotor type or the inner rotor type may be used.

(Advantageous Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, the adjoining core is provided on the armature side, and the salient poles of the adjoining core are rotated in the rotational direction relative to the positions of the grooves for winding.
Since the cogging force was reduced by installing it at a position deviated by 0 ° / P or at a position deviated by 360 ° / P and an integral multiple thereof in the rotational direction from the position of each groove for winding, the field There is no need to make the magnetizing waveform into a special shape, and there is no need to provide a protrusion or dummy slot facing the field of the armature facing the field, thus preventing a decrease in effective magnetic flux and a decrease in efficiency. However, the cogging force can be reduced. In addition, since the winding space can be widened, the winding is easy and the magnetic force of the armature can be increased. Since the surface of the armature facing the field can be formed flat without any protrusion, the shape of the winding jig can be simplified.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a partial sectional front view showing an embodiment of a rotating electric machine according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a partial sectional front view showing another embodiment of a rotating electric machine according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an armature portion of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an attached core portion of the above embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a development view showing a relationship between a field and an armature portion. FIG. 6 is a plan view showing another example of the side-by-side core applicable to the present invention, FIG. 7 is a plan view of an armature portion showing still another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is the same as the above embodiment. FIG. 9 is a plan view of an armature part showing another embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 10 is a plan view of an adjoining core part of the same embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 12 is a plan view showing still another example of the side-by-side core applicable to the invention, FIG. 12 is a plan view showing an example of a conventional rotary electric machine, and FIG. 13 is another example of a conventional rotary electric machine. It is a surface view. 11, 21, 31 …… field, 12, 22, 32 …… armature, 13, 17,
18, 23, 33, 37 ... Side core, 12a, 12b, 12c, 22a, 22
b, 22c, 32a ... Armature salient poles, 15a, 15b, 15c, 25a, 2
5b, 25c, 35 ... Grooves for winding, 13a, 13b, 13c, 18a, 18
b, 18c, 23a, 23b, 23c, 33a, 37a ... Salient poles of the adjacent core.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A field magnet which is magnetized to an even number of poles, and an armature having grooves for a salient pole and a winding which are arranged so as to face the field magnet. In a rotary electric machine that rotates one of them with respect to the other, an auxiliary core is provided in parallel with the armature on at least one of both sides of the armature in the central axis direction, and the salient poles of the auxiliary core have the number of field poles. Where P is the position facing the field and shifted by 360 ° / P in the direction of rotation with respect to the position of each groove for the winding or the position of each groove for the winding. 360 ° / P in the direction of rotation
And the dimension of the outermost peripheral portion of the salient pole of the auxiliary core in the rotation direction and the dimension of the groove in the outer peripheral portion of the armature in the rotation direction are substantially equal to each other. Rotating electric machine.