JPH0766877B2 - Acceleration cavity resonator - Google Patents

Acceleration cavity resonator

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Publication number
JPH0766877B2
JPH0766877B2 JP62142391A JP14239187A JPH0766877B2 JP H0766877 B2 JPH0766877 B2 JP H0766877B2 JP 62142391 A JP62142391 A JP 62142391A JP 14239187 A JP14239187 A JP 14239187A JP H0766877 B2 JPH0766877 B2 JP H0766877B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
pair
acceleration
accelerating
housing
cavity resonator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62142391A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS63307699A (en
Inventor
岩 三浦
高嶺 斎藤
昭 清水
肇 斎藤
幸生 熊田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
Priority to JP62142391A priority Critical patent/JPH0766877B2/en
Publication of JPS63307699A publication Critical patent/JPS63307699A/en
Publication of JPH0766877B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0766877B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 [産業上の利用分野] 本発明は粒子加速装置に用いられる加速空胴共振器に関
し、特にセパレート・セクター・サイクロトロン(以
下、SSCと略称する。)に用いられる加速空胴共振器に
関する。
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an acceleration cavity resonator used in a particle accelerator, and particularly to an acceleration cavity used in a separate sector cyclotron (hereinafter abbreviated as SSC). Regarding the body resonator.

[従来の技術] SSCには荷電粒子を直流磁場によって偏向させて回転運
動させる偏向装置と、この回転運動に同期した高周波加
速電界で荷電粒子を加速する加速空胴共振器が備えられ
ている。即ち、荷電粒子の回転周波数foと高周波加速電
界の周波数fとの関係をf=kfo(kは整数)として荷
電粒子を加速している。
[Prior Art] The SSC is provided with a deflecting device for deflecting charged particles by a DC magnetic field for rotational movement, and an accelerating cavity resonator for accelerating the charged particles by a high-frequency accelerating electric field synchronized with the rotational movement. That is, the charged particle is accelerated by setting the relationship between the rotation frequency fo of the charged particle and the frequency f of the high-frequency acceleration electric field as f = kfo (k is an integer).

ここで第4図に従来の加速空胴共振器を示す。第4図を
参照して、上面及び下面が開口された断面長方形の筐体
(外箱)3の略中央部の壁面には互いに対向して開口部
(図示せず)が形成されており、この一方の開口部を挟
むようにして筐体壁には一対の加速電極4の一端が取付
けられ、この加速電極4は互いに平行に右方向に延在し
ている。また、他方の開口部を挟むようにして筐体壁に
は一対の対向電極5の一端が取付けられ、この対向電極
5は所定のギャップをおいて加速電極4と対向してい
る。そして、加速電極4及び対向電極5で規定される空
間が荷電粒子ビームの通路となる。
FIG. 4 shows a conventional acceleration cavity resonator. Referring to FIG. 4, an opening (not shown) is formed facing each other on a wall surface of a substantially central portion of a casing (outer box) 3 having a rectangular cross section with an upper surface and a lower surface opened, One end of a pair of accelerating electrodes 4 is attached to the housing wall so as to sandwich the one opening, and the accelerating electrodes 4 extend rightward in parallel with each other. Further, one ends of a pair of counter electrodes 5 are attached to the housing wall so as to sandwich the other opening, and the counter electrodes 5 face the acceleration electrode 4 with a predetermined gap. Then, the space defined by the acceleration electrode 4 and the counter electrode 5 serves as a passage for the charged particle beam.

加速電極4の上方及び下方には短絡板6が配置されてお
り、この短絡板6の両端部は筐体3の内壁に摺動可能に
当接して、加速電極4と直角の方向に移動可能である。
即ち、破線矢印で示す方向に移動可能である。
Short-circuit plates 6 are arranged above and below the acceleration electrode 4, and both ends of the short-circuit plate 6 slidably contact the inner wall of the housing 3 and can move in a direction perpendicular to the acceleration electrode 4. Is.
That is, it can move in the direction indicated by the dashed arrow.

第4図に実線矢印で示すように荷電粒子ビームが通過す
ると、加速電極4と対向電極5間に加えられた高周波信
号により上記の通路内に高周波電界を発生させ、この高
周波電界によって荷電粒子を加速している。
When the charged particle beam passes through as shown by the solid arrow in FIG. 4, a high frequency signal applied between the accelerating electrode 4 and the counter electrode 5 generates a high frequency electric field in the passage, and the high frequency electric field causes the charged particles to move. It is accelerating.

ところで、前述のように荷電粒子の回転運動周波数と高
周波加速電界の周波数(加速空胴共振器の共振周波数)
とは同期していなければならない。このため、短絡板6
を破線矢印で示す方向に移動させて、高周波加速電界の
周波数を変化させて、荷電粒子の回転運動周波数に同期
させている。
By the way, as described above, the rotational motion frequency of the charged particles and the frequency of the high frequency accelerating electric field (resonance frequency of the accelerating cavity resonator)
Must be in sync with. Therefore, the short-circuit plate 6
Is moved in the direction indicated by the dashed arrow to change the frequency of the high-frequency accelerating electric field and synchronize with the rotational motion frequency of the charged particles.

[発明が解決しようとする問題点] ところで、従来の加速空胴共振器では、短絡板6を、そ
の両端部を筐体3の内壁と摺動させて短絡板6と筐体3
との電気的接触を保ちながら、移動させることにより、
実質的に空胴共振器の長さ(高さ)を変化させて、これ
によって、加速空胴共振器の共振周波数を変化させてい
る。このように、従来の加速空胴共振器では、短絡板6
の両端部と筐体3の内壁とが摺動するので、短絡板6の
両端部に取り付けられた接点が摩耗したり、接点を駆動
するための機構が複雑となり、加えて短絡板の駆動スト
ロークが大きくなり、全体に大きくなるという問題点が
ある。
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] By the way, in the conventional acceleration cavity resonator, both ends of the short-circuit plate 6 are slid on the inner wall of the housing 3 and the short-circuit plate 6 and the housing 3 are slid.
By moving while maintaining electrical contact with
The length (height) of the cavity resonator is substantially changed, and thereby the resonance frequency of the acceleration cavity resonator is changed. Thus, in the conventional acceleration cavity resonator, the short-circuit plate 6
Since the both ends of the contact and the inner wall of the housing 3 slide, the contacts attached to both ends of the short-circuit plate 6 wear, the mechanism for driving the contacts becomes complicated, and the drive stroke of the short-circuit plate is increased. There is a problem that the size becomes large and the size becomes large as a whole.

本発明の目的は構造が簡単で小型な加速空胴共振器を提
供することにある。
An object of the present invention is to provide an accelerating cavity resonator having a simple structure and a small size.

[問題点を解決するための手段] 本発明によれば、SSC等の粒子加速装置に用いられ、筐
体と、該筐体内に所定の間隔をおいて配置され、一端が
前記筐体壁に取付けられて、所定の方向に延び、荷電粒
子が通過する通路を規定する一対の加速電極と、一端が
前記筐体壁に取付けられ、予め定められたギャップをお
いて前記一対の加速電極とそれぞれ対向して前記通路を
規定する一対の対向電極とを備える加速空胴共振器にお
いて、前記筐体内で前記通路の外側に、当該加速空胴共
振器の共振周波数を変化させる為に、一端を中心として
前記一対の加速電極との距離をそれぞれ可変するように
回動可能に配置された一対の可動パネルと、該一対の可
動パネルの前記一端と前記筐体の側壁とをそれぞれ電気
的に結合する為の一対のフレキシブルパネルとを有し、
前記一対の可動パネルを前記一端を中心として回動駆動
することで前記加速電極と前記可動パネルとの間の静電
容量を変化させて前記共振周波数を変化させるようにし
たことを特徴とする加速空胴共振器が得られる。
[Means for Solving Problems] According to the present invention, it is used in a particle accelerator such as an SSC, and is arranged with a housing and a predetermined space in the housing, and one end of the housing is attached to the housing wall. A pair of accelerating electrodes that are attached and extend in a predetermined direction to define a passage through which charged particles pass, and one pair of accelerating electrodes that are attached to the housing wall at one end and have a predetermined gap therebetween. In an acceleration cavity resonator provided with a pair of counter electrodes facing each other and defining the passage, one end is centered outside the passage in the housing in order to change the resonance frequency of the acceleration cavity resonator. As a pair, the pair of movable panels rotatably arranged so as to respectively change the distances to the pair of acceleration electrodes, and the one end of the pair of movable panels and the side wall of the housing are electrically coupled to each other. Pair of flexible panels for And have
Acceleration characterized in that the resonance frequency is changed by changing the electrostatic capacitance between the acceleration electrode and the movable panel by rotationally driving the pair of movable panels around the one end. A cavity resonator is obtained.

[実施例] 以下、本発明の実施例について図面を参照して説明す
る。
[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

先ず、第1図を参照して、SSCについて概説する。First, the SSC will be outlined with reference to FIG.

90度の間隔をおいて、4つの偏向装置2が配置され、こ
の偏向装置2はリターンヨーク2a及びポール(磁極)2b
を備えている。また、偏向装置2の間には180度の角度
間隔をおいて加速空胴共振器1が配置され、この加速空
胴共振器1は後述するように外箱(筐体)1a、加速電極
1b、対向電極1c、可動パネル1d、フレキシブルパネル1
e、及び駆動軸(回転軸)1fを有する。そして、図示の
ように、荷電粒ビームは偏向装置2で偏向され、加速空
胴共振器1で加速されて、周回軌道上を周回する。
Four deflecting devices 2 are arranged at intervals of 90 degrees, and the deflecting device 2 includes a return yoke 2a and a pole (magnetic pole) 2b.
Is equipped with. Further, an accelerating cavity resonator 1 is arranged between the deflecting devices 2 at an angular interval of 180 degrees, and the accelerating cavity resonator 1 has an outer box (housing) 1a and an accelerating electrode as will be described later.
1b, counter electrode 1c, movable panel 1d, flexible panel 1
e, and a drive shaft (rotating shaft) 1f. Then, as shown in the figure, the charged particle beam is deflected by the deflecting device 2, accelerated by the acceleration cavity resonator 1, and orbits on the orbit.

ここで、第2図をも参照して、加速空胴共振器1につい
て詳細に説明する。
Here, the acceleration cavity resonator 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIG.

外箱(筐体)1aの側壁面には互いに対向して荷電粒子ビ
ームが出入りする開口部(図示せず)が形成されてお
り、第2図において、左側開口部を挟むようにして開口
部の上側及び下側で外箱1aの壁面には一対の加速電極1b
の一端が取付けられて、この加速電極1bは互いに平行に
右方に延在している。また、同様に、右側開口部を挟む
ようにして外箱1aの壁面には一対の対向電極1cの一端が
取付けられ、この対向電極1cは所定のギャップをおいて
加速電極1bと対向している。そして、加速電極1b及び対
向電極1cで規定される空間が荷電粒子ビームの通路とな
る。
An opening (not shown) through which the charged particle beam enters and exits is formed on the side wall surface of the outer box (housing) 1a so as to face each other. In FIG. 2, the opening on the left side is sandwiched above the opening. And a pair of accelerating electrodes 1b on the wall surface of the outer box 1a at the bottom
Is attached at one end thereof, and the acceleration electrodes 1b extend to the right in parallel with each other. Similarly, one ends of a pair of counter electrodes 1c are attached to the wall surface of the outer box 1a so as to sandwich the right opening, and the counter electrodes 1c face the acceleration electrode 1b with a predetermined gap. The space defined by the accelerating electrode 1b and the counter electrode 1c serves as a path for the charged particle beam.

加速電極1bの上側及び下側には、可動パネル1dが配置さ
れ、その一端は駆動軸1fで回動可能に支持されている。
即ち、可動パネル1dは駆動軸1fを、第1図の実線矢印で
示されるように、回動することによって、第2図の実線
矢印で示す方向(加速電極1bとの距離を可変する方向)
に回動する。可動パネル1dの一端と外箱1aの側壁とは、
フレキシブルパネル1eにより、電気的に接続(結合)さ
れている。ここで、第2図に示すように、可動パネル1d
が破線で示す位置にあると、高周波加速電界の周波数
(加速空胴共振器1の共振周波数)fは高く、一方実線
で示す位置にあると、周波数fは低くなる。尚、駆動軸
1fは、外部に引出され、図示しないモータ等の駆動装置
によって、その軸の回りに任意の方向に所定角度回転駆
動される。従って、容易に加速空胴共振器1の共振周波
数fを変更できる。また、可動パネル1dが回動すると、
それに伴ってフレキシブルパネル1eが曲り、可動パネル
1dの動きが吸収される。従って、従来のように、短絡板
6の両端部と筐体3の内壁とが摺動するというようなこ
とがなく、構造が簡単になるとともに、短絡板6の両端
部に取り付けられた接点の定期的な保守及び交換が不要
となる。
A movable panel 1d is arranged above and below the acceleration electrode 1b, and one end thereof is rotatably supported by the drive shaft 1f.
That is, the movable panel 1d rotates the drive shaft 1f as shown by the solid line arrow in FIG. 1 to rotate in the direction shown by the solid line arrow in FIG. 2 (direction in which the distance from the acceleration electrode 1b is variable).
Turn to. One end of the movable panel 1d and the side wall of the outer box 1a are
It is electrically connected (coupled) by the flexible panel 1e. Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the movable panel 1d
In the position indicated by the broken line, the frequency f of the high-frequency acceleration electric field (resonance frequency of the acceleration cavity resonator 1) f is high, while in the position indicated by the solid line, the frequency f is low. The drive shaft
1f is pulled out to the outside and is driven to rotate around its axis by a predetermined angle in an arbitrary direction by a drive device such as a motor (not shown). Therefore, the resonance frequency f of the acceleration cavity resonator 1 can be easily changed. Also, when the movable panel 1d rotates,
Along with that, the flexible panel 1e bends and the movable panel
1d movement is absorbed. Therefore, unlike the conventional case, the both ends of the short-circuit plate 6 and the inner wall of the housing 3 do not slide, and the structure is simple, and the contact points attached to both ends of the short-circuit plate 6 are simplified. No need for regular maintenance and replacement.

荷電粒子を加速する際には、加速電極1bと対向電極1cと
の間に共鳴現象を利用して、高周波電界を発生させて、
荷電粒子を加速する。可動パネル1dを加速電極1bから離
れる方向あるいは加速電極1bへ近ずく方向に回動して、
荷電粒子の回転周波数foと高周波電界の周波数fとを同
期させる。この際、加速電極1bと可動パネル1dとの間の
静電容量Cを変化させて、高周波電界の周波数fを変化
させている。尚、本実施例の加速空胴共振器1の等価回
路は、第3図に示すように、並列共振回路となり、可動
パネル1dを回動させることによって上記静電容量Cを変
化させることができる。
When accelerating the charged particles, a resonance phenomenon is utilized between the acceleration electrode 1b and the counter electrode 1c to generate a high frequency electric field,
Accelerate charged particles. Rotate the movable panel 1d in the direction away from the acceleration electrode 1b or in the direction approaching the acceleration electrode 1b,
The rotation frequency fo of the charged particles and the frequency f of the high frequency electric field are synchronized. At this time, the capacitance C between the acceleration electrode 1b and the movable panel 1d is changed to change the frequency f of the high frequency electric field. The equivalent circuit of the acceleration cavity resonator 1 of this embodiment is a parallel resonance circuit as shown in FIG. 3, and the capacitance C can be changed by rotating the movable panel 1d. .

[発明の効果] 以上説明したように、本発明によれば、筐体内で一対の
加速電極とこの加速電極と対向した一対の対向電極とに
よって規定された通路の外側に、加速空胴共振器の共振
周波数を変化させる為に、一端を中心として一対の加速
電極との距離をそれぞれ可変するように回動可能に配置
された一対の可動パネルと、これら一対の可動パネルの
一端と筐体の側壁とをそれぞれ電気的に結合する為の一
対のフレキシブルパネルとを有し、一対の可動パネルを
一端を中心として回動駆動することで加速電極と可動パ
ネルとの間の静電容量を変化させて共振周波数を変化さ
せるようにしたので、構造が簡単で小型な加速空胴共振
器が得られ、従来のような定期的な接点の保守及び交換
が不要となるという利点がある。
As described above, according to the present invention, the acceleration cavity resonator is provided outside the passage defined by the pair of acceleration electrodes and the pair of counter electrodes facing the acceleration electrodes in the housing. In order to change the resonance frequency of the pair of movable panels, the pair of movable panels is rotatably arranged so that the distance between the pair of accelerating electrodes can be varied about one end, and one end of the pair of movable panels and the housing. It has a pair of flexible panels for electrically coupling the side walls, respectively, and changes the electrostatic capacitance between the acceleration electrode and the movable panel by rotationally driving the pair of movable panels around one end. Since the resonance frequency is changed by using the above-mentioned method, it is possible to obtain an accelerating cavity resonator having a simple structure and a small size, and there is an advantage that the conventional maintenance and replacement of contacts are unnecessary.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief description of drawings]

第1図はセパレート・セクター・サイクロトロン(SS
C)を概略的に示す図、第2図は第1図のA−A線断面
において本発明による加速空胴共振器の一実施例を示す
図、第3図は第2図の加速空胴共振器の等価回路を示す
図、第4図は従来の加速空胴共振器を示す図である。 1……加速空胴共振器、1a……外箱(筐体)、1b……加
速電極、1c……対向電極、1d……可動パネル、1e……フ
レキシブルパネル、1f……駆動軸、2……偏向装置、2a
……リターンヨーク、2b……ポール(磁極)。
Figure 1 shows the separate sector cyclotron (SS
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing C), FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an embodiment of an acceleration cavity resonator according to the present invention in a cross section taken along the line AA of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an acceleration cavity of FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the resonator, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a conventional acceleration cavity resonator. 1 ... Accelerating cavity resonator, 1a ... Outer box (housing), 1b ... Accelerating electrode, 1c ... Counter electrode, 1d ... Movable panel, 1e ... Flexible panel, 1f ... Drive shaft, 2 ...... Deflector, 2a
...... Return yoke, 2b …… Pole (magnetic pole).

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 斎藤 高嶺 大阪府吹田市豊津町1−10−1102 (72)発明者 清水 昭 大阪府池田市畑2−3−12 (72)発明者 斎藤 肇 愛媛県新居浜市惣開町5番2号 住友重機 械工業株式会社新居浜製造所内 (72)発明者 熊田 幸生 愛媛県新居浜市惣開町5番2号 住友重機 械工業株式会社新居浜製造所内 (56)参考文献 特公 昭44−13080(JP,B1) 特公 昭51−23674(JP,B2) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Takamine Saito 1-10-1102 Toyotsu-cho, Suita City, Osaka Prefecture (72) Inventor Akira Shimizu 2-3-12 Hata, Ikeda City, Osaka Prefecture (72) Inventor Hajime Saito Ehime Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Niihama Plant, Niihama City, Niihama Prefecture, Japan (72) Inventor, Yukio Kumada Soukaicho, Niihama City, Niihama, Ehime Prefecture Niihama Plant (56) References Special JP-B 44-13080 (JP, B1) JP-B 51-23674 (JP, B2)

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 【請求項1】粒子加速装置に用いられ、筐体と、該筐体
内に所定の間隔をおいて配置され、一端が前記筐体壁に
取付けられて、所定の方向に延び、荷電粒子が通過する
通路を規定する一対の加速電極と、一端が前記筐体壁に
取付けられ、予め定められたギャップをおいて前記一対
の加速電極とそれぞれ対向して前記通路を規定する一対
の対向電極とを備える加速空胴共振器において、前記筐
体内で前記通路の外側に、当該加速空胴共振器の共振周
波数を変化させる為に、一端を中心として前記一対の加
速電極との距離をそれぞれ可変するように回動可能に配
置された一対の可動パネルと、該一対の可動パネルの前
記一端と前記筐体の側壁とをそれぞれ電気的に結合する
為の一対のフレキシブルパネルとを有し、前記一対の可
動パネルを前記一端を中心として回動駆動することで前
記加速電極と前記可動パネルとの間の静電容量を変化さ
せて前記共振周波数を変化させるようにしたことを特徴
とする加速空胴共振器。
1. A particle accelerator, which is used in a particle accelerating device, and which is arranged in a predetermined space in the housing, has one end attached to the wall of the housing, extends in a predetermined direction, and allows charged particles to pass therethrough. A pair of accelerating electrodes that define a passage and a pair of counter electrodes that are attached to the housing wall at one end and that face the pair of accelerating electrodes with a predetermined gap to define the passage. In an acceleration cavity resonator provided, in order to change a resonance frequency of the acceleration cavity resonator outside the passage in the housing, a distance between the acceleration electrode and the pair of acceleration electrodes is varied around one end. And a pair of flexible panels for electrically coupling the one end of the pair of movable panels and the side wall of the housing, respectively. Movable panel Accelerating cavity resonator, characterized in that so as to vary the resonance frequency by changing the capacitance between the accelerating electrode by rotating driving around with the movable panel.
JP62142391A 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Acceleration cavity resonator Expired - Lifetime JPH0766877B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62142391A JPH0766877B2 (en) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Acceleration cavity resonator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62142391A JPH0766877B2 (en) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Acceleration cavity resonator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63307699A JPS63307699A (en) 1988-12-15
JPH0766877B2 true JPH0766877B2 (en) 1995-07-19

Family

ID=15314271

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP62142391A Expired - Lifetime JPH0766877B2 (en) 1987-06-09 1987-06-09 Acceleration cavity resonator

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPH0766877B2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2410823A1 (en) 2010-07-22 2012-01-25 Ion Beam Applications Cyclotron for accelerating at least two kinds of particles
KR101308944B1 (en) * 2012-01-10 2013-09-24 한국원자력의학원 The method of the dee voltage measurement using the turn separation of beam and the device for turn separation measurement

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011113901A (en) * 2009-11-30 2011-06-09 High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Induction acceleration sector cyclotron
FR3133513B1 (en) * 2022-03-09 2024-03-22 Aima Dev Separate bi-sector cyclotron

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5123674A (en) * 1974-08-20 1976-02-25 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Insatsuhaisenbanno seizohoho

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2410823A1 (en) 2010-07-22 2012-01-25 Ion Beam Applications Cyclotron for accelerating at least two kinds of particles
WO2012010387A1 (en) 2010-07-22 2012-01-26 Ion Beam Applications Cyclotron able to accelerate at least two types of particle
KR101308944B1 (en) * 2012-01-10 2013-09-24 한국원자력의학원 The method of the dee voltage measurement using the turn separation of beam and the device for turn separation measurement

Also Published As

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