JPH0761565B2 - Turn broach machine tool unit - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a tool for a turn broaching machine for cutting a journal portion of a crankshaft of an engine, a crankpin portion, and other cutting points having a circular cross section of a workpiece. Regarding the unit.

[Conventional technology]

Recently, a broaching machine is often used to simultaneously cut each journal part or each crankpin part of a crankshaft at a plurality of locations. A turn broaching machine shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-500260 is known.

This turn broach machine is a peripheral line formed by externally fitting a disc or a cylindrical shaft on the outer peripheral part of a cutter spindle, further attaching a broach segment to the outer peripheral part, and connecting a number of chips attached to the broach segment. Has a disk-shaped turn broaching tool that has a substantially spiral shape. While the turn broaching tool makes one revolution, the material for the crankshaft is rotated at high speed, and the crankshaft journal part and other parts are It is cut at the same time.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

It is necessary to replace the turn broach tool when the tip of the turn broach tool is worn or when machining a crankshaft having different dimensions such as the diameter of the journal.

However, in the conventional turn broaching machine, as a tool changing method, the broaching segment and the cutter spindle are removed as a unit from the supporting member while the broaching segment is attached to the cylindrical shaft. The broach segment with the tip attached is removed from the cylindrical shaft and replaced with a broach segment with a new tip attached. There is a method of replacing only the tip without replacing the broach segment.

In the method of exchanging tools described above, the broach segment, the cylindrical shaft, and the cutter spindle must be removed from their supporting members as one unit, which is a large-scale work of disassembling and assembling the machine itself, which takes a lot of time.

In the tool changing method, about 3 to several different broach segments are required for machining one journal portion of the crankshaft during the tool change, and therefore, for example, 5 journal portions are required. If at least 15 broach segments are to be processed at the same time, it is necessary to replace at least 15 broach segments, which requires a great amount of time for replacement.

Since the number of chips to be replaced is large, the tool replacement method of (1) requires a considerable amount of time.

As described above, in each case, it takes a lot of time to replace the tool, and the machine has to be stopped every time the tool is replaced.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and an object thereof is to provide a tool unit of a turn broaching machine that can shorten the time for exchanging a turn broaching tool having a tip attached. is there.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is provided with a cutter spindle having an axis line parallel to the axis lines of a pair of headstocks for rotating a workpiece, and attached / detachably provided on an outer peripheral portion of the cutter spindle. A pair of half-cylindrical half shells, a clamp mechanism between the half shells and the cutter spindle for fixing and releasing the half shells to and from the cutter spindle, and fixed to the outer periphery of the half shells, respectively. In addition, the broach segment having a substantially arc-shaped outer peripheral portion and a plurality of chips attached to the outer peripheral portion of each broach segment are provided.

The clamp mechanism according to claim 1 is provided with a semi-annular flange that is provided on both axial ends of each half shell with a taper portion on an inner peripheral surface and an inner peripheral surface that is externally fitted to an outer peripheral portion of a cutter spindle. However, it is located in each half shell and is movable along its axial direction, and moves in the direction of the semi-annular flanges on both sides of the half shell to radiate the taper parts of the semi-annular flanges on both sides of the half shell. A pair of wedge bars tightening inward may be provided on the cutter spindle side.

[Work]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the turn broach tool is to be replaced, the pair of half shells to which the broach segment having the tip attached is fixed are released from the cutter spindle by the operation of the clamp mechanism, and the radial direction is changed. It is separated into two parts and can be easily removed from the cutter spindle by an operating mechanism such as a robot.

Then, a pair of half shells with broach segments with new tips attached or broach segments with different dimensions are fitted onto the cutter spindle,
It is fixed integrally with it by a clamp mechanism.

In this way, the turn broaching machine is replaced with a new turn broaching tool.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, when the turn broaching tool is replaced, the pair of wedge bars on the cutter spindle side of the clamping mechanism are moved so as to be separated from the semi-annular flanges on both sides of the half shell, respectively. Separate from each taper of the semi-annular flange on both sides.

As a result, the fixed state of the pair of half shells and the cutter spindle is released, and the pair of half shells to which the broach segment with the tip attached is fixed are separated from the connection with the cutter spindle.

When fixing a pair of half shells with new chips attached or broach segments with different sizes to the cutter spindle, attach a pair of wedge bars on the cutter spindle side to the half shells on both sides of the half shell. It is carried out by moving each in the direction of the annular flange and tightening the respective tapered portions of the semi-annular flanges on both sides of the half shell radially inward.

Embodiments Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

1 to 4 show a tool unit of a turn broaching machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 3, reference numeral 1 indicates a turn broaching machine having a tool unit T according to an embodiment of the present invention, which has a bed 2. The headstocks 3, 3 are mounted on the bed 2 so as to face each other in a coaxial relationship, and the chucks 3A, 3A of the headstocks 3, 3 are mounted.
As a result, the workpiece including the crankshaft C shown in FIG. 5 is positioned and gripped, and is rotated at high speed.

Reference numeral 4 is a cutter head unit arranged above the bed 2, and has a head 5, and the head 5 is fixed to a carriage 4a. The pair of supports 6, 6 of the head 5 are arranged to face each other.

As shown in FIG. 4, a cutter spindle 7 is rotatably supported on the supports 6, 6. The cutter spindle 7 has an axis parallel to the axes of the pair of headstocks 3, 3 and is driven by a servomotor 7A shown in FIG. 3 through a series of gear trains (not shown) such as a worm gear. To be done.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a cylindrical shaft 10 composed of a pair of semi-cylindrical half shells 8 and 9 is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter spindle 7 so as to be fixed or released (fixed / fixed). The release mechanism will be described later).

11 is a broach segment, and a plurality of fan-shaped discs 11
It consists of a, 11b, 11c and 11d. 12 is a brooch segment,
It is composed of a plurality of fan-shaped disks 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d. The broach segments 11 and 12 have flange portions 11A and 1
Each of the flange portions 11A and 12A is attached to the outer peripheral portion of the half shells 8 and 9 by a plurality of bolts 13 and has an inverted T shape in cross section.

The outer peripheral portions of the fan-shaped discs 11a, 11b, 11c, 11d and the fan-shaped discs 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d are arcs that are centered on the axial center of the cutter spindle 7 or the centers from one end to the other end. The broach segments 11 and 12 are formed in an arcuate shape in which the distance from them gradually increases, and the outer peripheral portions of the broach segments 11 and 12 are formed in a spiral shape as a whole.

The circumferential positions of the broach segments 11, 12 with respect to the half shells 8, 9 are accurately maintained by the engagement of the axial keys 14 of the half shells 8, 9 with the keyways of the broach segments 11, 12, respectively. ing. The axial position of the broach segments 11, 12 with respect to the half shells 8, 9 is determined by the key 1 in the circumferential direction fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the half shells 8, 9.
4a is a groove portion 1 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the broach segments 11 and 12.
It is held accurately by engaging with 5,15.

A plurality of chips 16 are screwed to the outer peripheral tips of the broach segments 11 and 12,
A disk-shaped turn broaching tool 17 is formed by connecting the chips 16 arranged on the upper side to the chips 16 and connecting them.
The outer peripheral line of the turn broaching tool 17 has a spiral shape in which the radius gradually increases from the tip 16A on the starting end side having the smallest radius to the tip 16Z on the terminal end side having the largest radius.

The turn broaching tool 17 is fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical shaft 10 only in rows corresponding to cutting points.

Next, a clamp mechanism for fixing and releasing the cylindrical shaft 10 formed of the half-cylindrical half shells 8 and 9 to the cutter spindle 7 will be described.

The above-mentioned one half shell 8 is composed of a main body portion 8A and semi-annular flanges 19 and 20 fixed to both axial ends of the main body portion 8A via a plurality of bolts 18. The other half shell 9 is similar to the one half shell 8 described above.
Main body 9A and semi-annular flanges 21 and 2 fixed to both axial ends of the main body 9A via a plurality of bolts (not shown)
It consists of 2 and. Each semi-annular flange 19,20,21,22
The outer peripheral surface of the inner side of the half shells 8 and 9 are provided with tapered portions 19A, 20A, 21A and 22A, respectively, the diameters of which are reduced toward the central portion side in the axial direction, and the inner peripheral surfaces 19B, 20B and 21B thereof are also provided. , 22B are fitted on the outer peripheral portion of the cutter spindle 7.

An annular space 23 is formed between the cylindrical shaft 10 and the cutter spindle 7, and a cylindrical member 24 is disposed in the annular space 23. The cylindrical member 24 is fitted to the cutter spindle 7 and It is fixed to the cutter spindle 7 by bolts (not shown) and is positioned on the cutter spindle 7 by positioning pins (not shown).

In the cylindrical member 24, a plurality of elongated holes 25 extending in the axial direction between the both end faces are circumferentially arranged. Sliding portions 26, 27 for wedge bars are formed at portions of the long hole 25 near both end surfaces of the cylindrical member 24. A partition member 28 is fixedly provided at the center of each elongated hole 25.
Thus, two cylinder portions 29, 30 are formed in the long hole 25.

Pistons 31 and 32 are slidably provided in the cylinder portions 29 and 30, respectively, and wedge bars 33 and 34 are integrally formed at tips of the pistons 31 and 32, respectively. The tip of each wedge bar 33, 34 has a taper 3 that inclines radially outward.
3A and 34A are formed.

Grooves 33B, 34B are formed on the outer ends of the wedge bars 33, 34, and pins 35, 36 fixed to the cylindrical member 24 for locking the wedge bars 33, 34 are engaged with the grooves 33B, 34B. is doing.

Compression springs 28A and 28B are mounted in the cylinder portions 29 and 30 between the partition member 28 and the pistons 31 and 32.

Further, in the central portion of the cutter spindle 7, four independent first oil passages 37, second oil passages 38, and third oil passages are provided along the axial direction thereof.
An oil passage 39 and a fourth oil passage 40 are drilled.

These first to fourth oil passages 37, 38, 39, 40 are connected to a pressure oil supply source on one end side of the cutter spindle 7 via a rotary joint or the like (not shown) attached to the end of the cutter spindle. ing.

The first oil passage 37 communicates with the outer working chambers 29B, 30B of the plurality of cylinder parts 29, 30 on the side where the other half shell 9 is located (4 pairs in the figure) via the branch oil passages 37A, 37B. ing.

The second oil passage 38 communicates with the inner working chambers 29A, 30A of the cylinder portions 29, 30 on the side where the other half shell 9 is located via the branch oil passages 38A, 38B.

Similarly, a plurality of third oil passages 39 are provided on the side where one half shell 8 is located (4 in the figure) through the branch oil passages 39A and 39B.
Pair of cylinder parts 29, 30 are in communication with the inner working chambers 29A, 30A.

The fourth oil passage 40 communicates with the outer working chambers 29B, 30B of the cylinder portions 29, 30 on the side where the one half shell 8 is located via the branch oil passages 40A, 40B.

The cylindrical member 24 and the half shells 8 and 9 are positioned in the circumferential direction by the key 41 and the half shell fixed to the cylindrical member 24.
This is performed by the groove member 42 fixed to 8 and 9. Cylindrical member 24
And the half shells 8 and 9 are axially positioned by the cylindrical member 2
When fixed to 4, the key 43 and the groove member 44 fixed to the half shells 8 and 9 are used.

Further, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 45 indicates a seal member sandwiched between both end surfaces of the semi-cylindrical half shells 8 and 9.

Then, the material for the crankshaft C is positioned and gripped by the chucks 3A, 3A of the headstocks 3, 3 of the turn broaching machine 1, the material for the crankshaft C is rotated at a high speed, and the carriage 4a is advanced. After the tip 16A on the starting end side of the turn broaching tool 17 of the tool unit T is brought into contact with the processing portion of the above-mentioned material, when the tool unit T is rotated about one revolution at a low speed, for example, the journal of the crankshaft C shown in FIG. Part C ₁ is cut at the same time. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 1, the crankshaft C is, for example, an arrow X.
Rotate at high speed in the counterclockwise direction indicated by. On the other hand, the tool unit T having the turn broaching tool 17 also makes one revolution at a low speed in the counterclockwise direction indicated by the arrow Y, for example. Therefore, by the rotation of the turn broach tool 17, first, the tip 16A on the starting end side starts the cutting of the crankshaft C, the other tips 16 successively cut the crankshaft C, and finally the crankshaft C is cut. The shaft C is cut by the tip 16Z on the terminal end side, and thus, the turn broaching tool 17 is gradually cut along with its low speed rotation, and the journal portion C ₁ of the crankshaft C ₁ Cutting process is completed.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described.

When the turn broaching machine 1 is operated for a predetermined time and the tip 16 of the turn broaching tool 17 is worn, or when a crankshaft C having a different size is newly machined, tool exchange is performed.

When exchanging tools, the operation of the turn broaching machine 1 is stopped, one half shell 8 to which the broach segment 11 to which a large number of chips 16 are attached is fixed, and a large number of chips.
The other half shell 9 to which the broach segment 12 to which the 16 is attached is fixed is separated from the cutter spindle 7 by the operation of the clamp mechanism of the tool unit T, and these are automatically grasped by a manual or manipulator (not shown). Then, it is removed from the cutter spindle 7.

Then, the removed half shells 8 and 9 are used as spare half shells having broach segments 11 and 12 to which new tips 16 are previously attached, or half shells to which turn broach tools 17 corresponding to crankshafts C having different sizes are fixed. And these half shells are manually or automatically grasped by a manipulator and externally fitted to the cutter spindle 7, and are integrally connected to the cutter spindle 7 by the operation of the clamp mechanism of the tool unit T.

In this way, the tool unit T is replaced with a new turn broaching tool 17.

The operation of the clamp mechanism for fixing and releasing the half shells 8 and 9 with respect to the cutter spindle 7 will be described below.

In FIG. 2, the left half part shows the half shells 8 and 9 fixed to the cutter spindle 7.
The right half shows the unlocked state.

To change from the unlocked state to the locked state, the second oil passage 38
Pressure oil is supplied to the inside working chambers 29A, 30A of the cylinder parts 29, 30 on the side where the other half shell 9 is located from the branch oil passages 38A, 38B, and separately from the third oil chamber. Oil passage
One half shell 8 from 39 via branch oil passages 39A and 39B
Inside working chamber 29A, 30A of each cylinder 29, 30 on the side where
Pressure oil is supplied to the inside, and along with this, a pair of wedge bars 33 and 34 (on the cutter spindle 7 side) that are integral with the pistons 31 and 32 in each cylinder section are attached to the semi-annular flanges on both sides of each half shell 8 and 9. Move in the direction of 19, 20, 21, 22 respectively.
As a result, the tapered portions 33A and 34A of the wedge bars 33 and 34 are
Press the taper parts 19A, 20A, 21A, 22A of the semi-annular flanges 19, 20, 21, 22 on both sides of the half shells 8, 9 so that the semi-annular flanges 19, 20, 21, 22 face inward. It is fastened and fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the cutter spindle 7.

On the other hand, in order to release the fixing, the first working oil passage 37 is divided into the outer working chambers 29B and 30B of the cylinder portions 29 and 30 on the side where the other half shell 9 is located via the branching oil passages 37A and 37B. The pressure oil is supplied, and separately from this, the outer working chambers 29B, 30B of the respective cylinder parts 29, 30 on the side where the one half shell 8 is located from the fourth oil passage 40 via the branch circuits 40A, 40B. Pressure oil is supplied to the inside of the cylinders, and the pistons 31 and 3
A pair of wedge bars 35 and 36 (on the side of the cutter spindle 7) integrated with the 2 moves away from the semi-annular flanges 19, 20, 21 and 22 on both sides of each half shell 8 and 9, respectively. As a result, the tapered portions 33A, 34A of the wedge bars 33, 34 are separated from the respective tapered portions 19A, 20A, 21A, 22A of the semi-annular flanges 19, 20, 21, 22 on both sides of the half shells 8, 9, and the respective half portions are separated. Shell 8,9
The fixing of the outer peripheral portion of the cutter spindle 7 is released.

The half shells 8 and 9 may be fixed to and released from the cutter spindle 7 at the same time, but the half shells 8 and 9 may be attached to the cylinder portions 29 and 30 of the one half shell 8 and the other half shell 9, respectively. Since the pressure oils can be individually supplied, the half shells 8 and 9 are fixed to and released from the cutter spindle 7 with one of them first and the other after. By doing so, the two half shells 8 and 9 for the cutter spindle 7 can be separately removed, and the work can be easily performed.

According to the above configuration, when the turn broach tool 17 is to be replaced, the broach segment 1 with the tip 16 is attached.
The turn broach tool is composed of 1, 12 and half shells 8, 9 that are unitized, and can be attached / removed to / from the cutter spindle 7 and then fixed and released by a clamp mechanism. The replacement work of 17 can be done easily and quickly.

Therefore, the replacement time of the turn broach tool 17 can be shortened.

Further, when the turn broach tool 17 is replaced, the pair of wedge bars 33, 34 on the cutter spindle 7 side are moved,
These wedge bars 33 and 34 can fix or release the half shells 8 and 9 to and from the cutter spindle 7, and therefore, when mounting and removing the half shells 8 and 9 to and from the cutter spindle 7, a limited small amount is required. The clamp mechanism provided in the space can reliably fix and release the both.

In the present embodiment, the crankshaft C is given as an example of the workpiece, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a member having a cutting portion having a circular cross section, a rod-shaped member having a circular cross section, or the like can be used. It can also be applied.

Further, in the present embodiment, the outer peripheral line of the turn broaching tool 17 has a smooth sliding shape, but a shape similar to this may be used.

Further, in the present embodiment, when the turn broach tool 17 is replaced, hydraulic pressure is used to reciprocate the pair of wedge bars 33, 34 on the cutter spindle 7 side. It is also possible to reciprocate 33,34.

Further, in the present embodiment, the cylindrical member 24 is fitted onto the cutter spindle 7, but the cylindrical member 24 may be formed integrally with the cutter spindle 7.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, when the turn broach tool is to be replaced, the broach segment with the tip and the half shell are unitized, and these are attached to the cutter spindle. The turn broach tool in the tool unit can be replaced quickly and easily by removing the turn broach tool and then fixing and releasing the two with the clamp mechanism.

Therefore, there is an effect that the time for replacing the turn broach tool can be shortened.

According to the invention described in claim 2, when the turn broaching tool in the invention described in claim 1 is replaced, the pair of wedge bars on the cutter spindle side are moved so that the wedge bars are used to move the half spindle to the cutter spindle. It can be fixed or released, so that the half shell can be attached to and removed from the cutter spindle while the operating side of the clamp mechanism remains on the cutter spindle, and the clamp mechanism can be attached to each half shell. It is compactly housed in the enclosed small space, and there is an effect that the half shell and the cutter spindle can be reliably fixed and released without increasing the size of the tool unit.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a lateral cross-sectional view of a main part of a tool unit of a turn broaching machine according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the main part of the tool unit. FIG. 3 is a side view showing an entire turn broaching machine having a tool unit according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a vertical sectional view showing a supported state of the cutter spindle shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the crankshaft. [Explanation of symbols of main parts] 1 …… Turn broach machine 7 …… Cutter spindle 8,9 …… Half shell 11,12 …… Broch segment 16 …… Tip 17 …… Turn broach tool 19,20,21, 22 …… Semi-annular flange 19A, 20A, 21A, 22A …… Tapered part 33,34 …… Wedge bar T …… Tool unit.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A cutter spindle having an axis parallel to the axes of a pair of headstocks for rotating a work piece, a pair of half-cylindrical half shells attached to and detached from the outer periphery of the cutter spindle, and these. Clamping mechanism for fixing the half shell to the cutter spindle and releasing the fixation between the half shell and the cutter spindle, and a broach segment having a substantially arc-shaped outer peripheral portion fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the half shell. A tool unit for a turn broaching machine, comprising: a plurality of chips attached to the outer peripheral portion of each broach segment. 2. The clamp mechanism according to claim 1, wherein each half shell has a semi-annular flange provided with a taper portion on an outer peripheral surface on an inner side and axially fitted on an outer peripheral portion of a cutter spindle at both axial ends thereof. Are respectively formed in the respective half shells and are configured to be movable along the axial direction of the half shells. A tool unit for a turn broaching machine, characterized in that a pair of wedge bars for tightening the parts inward are provided on the cutter spindle side.