JPH0760522A - Milling device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To facilitate attaching/detaching operation of a milling cutter to a main spindle by providing a grasping means to grasp a rotation holding part of a tool spindle of the milling cutter to be freely attached/detached in a radial direction. CONSTITUTION:A rotary sleeve 95 of a new milling cutter F1 is at a position to be grasped by a grasping means 43, a piston rod 49 is protruded by actuation of a fluid pressure cylinder 48, a rotary arm part 46 rotates about a pin 45, and a movable gripping jaw 47 grips the rotary sleeve 95 of the milling cutter F1 with a fixed gripping jaw 44. A column 3, that is a main spindle head 5, retracts by rotation drive by a servo motor 7, and a grooved flange of the new milling cutter F1 installed on the main spindle head 5 is detached from a rotary body 52 of a magazine M1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a milling machine for milling, for example, side milling.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Milling in the prior art, for example, width cutting of each journal of a cylinder block by a side milling, is performed by dividing a process for each journal using a dedicated machine, or a tool exchange such as a machining center. A general-purpose machine having a function is equipped with a side milling cutter F with a quill Q as shown in FIG. 8 so that it projects from the front side or the rear side of the workpiece W into the workpiece.

[0003]

When a dedicated machine is used in the above-mentioned conventional milling, particularly in a high-mix low-volume production line, further steps must be provided according to the type of cylinder block. There is a problem in terms of equipment cost. Also, when using a general-purpose machine, the above problems can be solved by preparing multiple side milling cutters according to the position of the journal and automatically changing the side milling cutters. Is small, increasing the amount of quill protrusion leads to a decrease in rigidity,
The processing accuracy may be deteriorated and further processing may be impossible.

[0004]

According to a first type of milling machine of the present invention, there is provided a tool shaft having a coupling holding portion at one end side which is detachably coupled and held to a spindle, and the other end portion of the tool shaft. A milling cutter provided with a rotation holding portion rotatably provided around an axis and a blade provided on the tool shaft; a tool holding portion having a tool holding portion detachably holding the tool shafts of the plurality of milling cutters, A tool magazine which is positioned at a predetermined position; a spindle having a coupling and holding means for detachably coupling and holding a coupling and holding portion of the tool shaft of the milling cutter, and a rotary holding portion of the tool shaft of the milling cutter are detachable from the radial direction. A spindle head having a gripping means for gripping, movable in the axial direction, a driving means for rotationally driving the spindle, and a feeding means for moving the movable table in the axial direction; and the spindle head. Work pieces and tools It is provided with; feed device for moving at least two-dimensionally at a position corresponding to Gajin.

The second type has a tool shaft having a shaft end portion which is detachably coupled to and held by a main shaft, a rotation holding portion which is provided on the tool shaft so as to be rotatable around an axis line, and the tool shaft. With a blade provided in the tool; an automatic tool changer equipped with a tool magazine having a tool holder for detachably holding a plurality of the above-mentioned mills and a tool transfer device; the shaft end of the tool shaft is detachable A main shaft drive unit having a main shaft having a connection holding unit for connecting and holding the main shaft and a front drive unit for rotationally driving the main shaft is further provided, and further, a holding unit for removably holding the rotary holding unit of the tool shaft of the milling cutter from the radial direction. And a movable table which is movable in the axial direction and has a feed means for moving the movable table in the axial direction; and a spindle device which moves at least two-dimensionally to a position corresponding to a workpiece. Feed It is equipped with; location.

[0006]

In the milling machine of the first type described above,
After processing with one milling cutter, the tools are changed as follows. By the operation of the feed device, the spindle head retracts, the spindle head separates from the workpiece, returns to the original position, and
The drive means stops and the spindle stops rotating at a fixed position. At that time, the empty tool holding portion of the tool magazine is positioned at the replacement position.

By the operation of the feeding device, the spindle head moves in the spindle axis direction, and the used milling cutter faces the empty tool holding portion of the tool magazine. Further, the spindle head is advanced by a predetermined amount by the operation of the feeding device, and the used milling cutter mounted on the spindle head is engaged with the empty tool holding portion of the tool magazine, and the milling cutter is held by the tool magazine. . Then
The main shaft connection holding means releases the connection holding part of the tool axis of the used milling cutter. At the same time, the gripping means of the movable table is
The rotation holding portion of the tool shaft of the milling cutter is released, and the gripping means is opened.

Then, the spindle head is moved to a predetermined position in the spindle axis direction by the operation of the feeding device, and the used milling cutter is left in the magazine, and the spindle of the spindle head is separated from the milling cutter. Further, the spindle head is retracted to a predetermined position by the operation of the feeding device. Then, the tool holding part of the new milling cutter to be used next mounted in the tool magazine is positioned at the replacement position, and the moving table is moved by the operation of the feeding means, and the gripping means holds the tool axis of the new milling cutter in rotation. It is positioned at a position corresponding to the position of the section.

Next, the spindle head is moved forward by the operation of the feeding device, and the spindle axis is positioned at a position where the spindle axis line is the same as the tool axis line of the new milling cutter in the tool magazine, and then the spindle head. Moves axially until the coupling holding means of the main shaft engages the coupling holding part of the tool shaft of the new milling cutter, and the tool shaft is coupled and held to the main shaft.
Then, the rotation holding portion of the tool shaft of the new milling cutter comes to a position where it can be held by the holding means, and the holding means holds the rotation holding portion. Thus, the new milling cutter is mounted on the spindle head. In that state, the spindle head is retracted by the operation of the feeding device, and the new milling cutter mounted on the spindle head is separated from the tool holding portion of the tool magazine.

Then, the spindle head is returned to its original position by the operation of the feeding device, and the spindle is rotated by the driving of the driving means, whereby the tool shaft of the milling cutter, that is, the milling cutter is rotated. At that time, the tool shaft is rotatably supported with high precision irrespective of at least rotation with respect to the rotation holding portion gripped by the gripping means. With both ends supported by both, it rotates with high rigidity and stability. Then, by the operation of the feeding device, the spindle head advances, and the spindle head moves appropriately with respect to the workpiece, so that the desired cutting and feeding of the milling machine, that is, the desired milling is performed. .

In another type of milling machine,
After processing with one milling cutter, the tools are changed as follows. By the operation of the feeding device, the spindle device retracts, the spindle device moves away from the workpiece, returns to the original position, the driving means stops, and the spindle stops rotating at the home position.
At that time, the tool transport section moves forward to approach the spindle device and is located at a predetermined position.

Then, the main shaft coupling and holding means releases the shaft end portion of the tool shaft of the used milling cutter. Next, the movable table is moved in a direction away from the spindle by the operation of the feeding means, and the tool axis of the used milling cutter gripped by the gripping means is disengaged from the spindle. The tool shaft of the used milling cutter is held by the tool carrying unit by the operation of the tool carrying unit, and the holding means of the movable table releases the rotation holding unit of the tool shaft of the used milling cutter.

Then, the tool transfer section moves backward while holding the used milling cutter, transfers the milling cutter to the tool magazine, holds it in an empty holding section, releases it, and then holds a new milling cutter to be used next. Then, it is removed from the tool magazine and moved forward, and a new milling cutter is conveyed to the spindle device. Then, it is placed on the holding means of the movable table in the open state. The gripping means grips the rotation holding part of the tool shaft of the milling cutter. When the position of the rotation holding part of the new milling cutter in the axial direction is different from that of the used milling cutter, the position of the moving table is adjusted by the feeding means.

On the other hand, the tool transfer section releases the new milling cutter and retracts to an appropriate position. Then, the movable table moves toward the spindle while holding the new milling cutter by the operation of the feeding means, so that the shaft end of the tool shaft engages with the spindle,
The main shaft is joined and held by the joint holding means. Thus,
The milling cutter is attached to the spindle device.

In this state, the drive shaft is driven to rotate the main shaft, thereby rotating the tool shaft of the milling cutter, that is, the milling cutter. At that time, the tool shaft is rotatably supported with high accuracy irrespective of at least rotation with respect to the gripping means and the tool supporting portion, and finally the milling cutter has both ends by both the spindle and the gripping means. It has high rigidity and rotates stably in a supported state. Then, by the operation of the feeding device, the spindle device moves forward, and the spindle device moves appropriately with respect to the workpiece, so that the desired cutting and feeding of the milling workpiece, that is, the desired milling is performed. .

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A milling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. First, the milling device in the first embodiment will be described. Left and right in the following description are the left and right in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.

In FIG. 1, a column 3 is arranged on the bed 1 of the milling machine on the slide table 2 slidably along the horizontal (X-axis direction) guide surface. It is slidably mounted in a horizontal direction (Z-axis direction) at a right angle. The guide surface is covered with a slide cover 4. The spindle head 5, which is slidably attached to the front surface of the column 3 in the vertical direction, that is, the Y-axis direction, is arranged to face the workpiece W mounted and mounted on the workpiece table on the bed 1. .

On the bed 1, a tool magazine M1 is installed on the side (right side) of the work table. The slide table 2, the column 3 and the spindle head 5 are respectively composed of the servo motor 6 of the bed 1, the servo motor 7 on the slide table 2 and the column 3.
It is adapted to be fed in each sliding direction via a transmission mechanism driven by the upper servomotor 8, for example, a screw mechanism (not shown).

The spindle head 5 shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 is a vertical guide rail 3a provided on both front sides of the column 3.
Has a housing 10 having a rear surface provided with a sliding portion 9 that engages with, a shelf-like support portion 11 extending in the X-axis direction is formed on the front surface of the housing 10, and the top surface of the support portion 11 has A pair of guide rails 12 in the X-axis direction are provided, and a servo motor 13 is attached to one end (right end) of the front surface of the housing 10.

On the guide rails 12 and 12 of the support unit 11,
14 is slidably supported, and a ball nut 15 provided on the moving base 14 is screwed onto a ball screw 16 in the X-axis direction connected to the motor shaft of the servomotor 13. Then, from the other end (left end) of the front surface of the housing 10, a rectangular tubular support arm 17 as a part of the housing 10 projects forward (Z axis direction).

A drive shaft 18 protruding from the left end of the housing 10 is rotatably mounted in the housing 10 via a rolling bearing 19, and a protruding portion of the drive shaft 18 is mounted on the top of the spindle head 5. A pulley 23, around which an endless belt 22 is wound, is attached between the motor 20 and the pulley of the motor shaft.

In the support arm 17, a rotary cylinder 24, which serves as a main shaft in the X-axis direction, is rotatably attached to a tip end portion of the support arm portion 17 through a rolling bearing 25, and also a base portion and an intermediate portion of the X-axis direction.
Intermediate gear shafts 26, 27 parallel to the axial direction are rotatably mounted. Drive shaft 18, intermediate gear shafts 26, 27 and rotary cylinder 24
The gears 28, 29, 30, 31 fixed to the respective gears sequentially mesh with each other to form a gear train.

A key 32 that engages with a key groove 93 formed in a flange portion of one end of the tool shaft 90 of the inserted milling cutter F1 is provided at the tip of the rotary cylinder 24 at the tip of the support arm 17. In addition, the milling machine F1
Grip pulling means for the pull stud 91 is provided. In the grip pulling means, the pull stud 91 is projected and retracted from the inner peripheral surface, and the balls 33, 33, ... Which can be engaged with and disengaged from the inserted pull stud 91 are equidistantly arranged around the circumference of the cup body. A pull rod 36 having 34 attached to one end and a spring stop flange 35 for the compression spring attached to the other end,
The cup body 34 is on the right side, and the spring stop flange 35 is on the left side.

A cam 37 that engages and disengages with the ball of the cup body 34 is formed on the inner peripheral surface on the inward opening end side (right side) of the rotary cylinder 24, and a pulling member is provided in the middle portion. Stick 36
A spring stop flange 38 is formed through which the spring is inserted. A compression spring 39 is fitted between the spring stop flange 35 of the pull rod 36 and the spring stop flange 38 of the rotary cylinder 24 with an appropriate preload. Further, a fluid pressure cylinder 40 for releasing the gripping and tensioning means is attached to the outward left side surface of the tip end of the support arm portion 17, and the protruding end of the piston rod 41 of the fluid pressure cylinder 40 is the left end of the tension rod 36. Is facing.

On the other hand, the tip end of the fixed arm portion 42 projecting forward from the movable table 14 serves as a fixed grip claw 44 of the gripping means 43 for gripping the end portion of the tool shaft 90 of the milling cutter F1.
The tip end of the L-shaped rotary arm portion 46, the base end of which is pivotally attached to the pin 42 by the pin 45, faces the fixed grip claw 44 and jointly works with the milling cutter F1.
The movable gripping claw 47 holds the end of the tool shaft 90. The bent portion of the L-shaped rotating arm portion 46 is a piston rod of the fluid pressure cylinder 48 for opening and closing the gripping claws mounted on the moving base 14.
It is connected to the protruding end of 49 by a link 50. The fixed gripping claw 44 and the movable gripping claw 47 that are paired are located in the same axial line relationship in the X-axis direction as the gripping and pulling means at the tip of the support arm 17.

The tool magazine M1 on the bed 1 may be of any suitable type, the one shown is a servomotor 51.
With a type in which a plurality of milling cutters F1 are gripped in a circumferentially equidistant manner on the peripheral portion of the rotating body 52 which is indexed and rotated by means of a groove at the end of the milling cutter F1 which is in parallel axis relation with the rotary cylinder 24 of the spindle head 5. It is designed to grip the flange 92.

The servomotors 6, 7, 8, 51, 13 and the motor 20 are connected to the numerical controller D via the respective drive circuits 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, and the numerical controller D is connected. It is designed to be controlled based on the command signal from the. Similarly, the fluid pressure cylinder 40 is also connected to the numerical control device D via a hydraulic control circuit (not shown), and is controlled based on a command signal from the numerical control device D. A memory ME having a tool change program / tool data table is connected to the numerical controller D so that a memory signal is input / output.

As shown in FIG. 3, the milling cutter F1 is a tool shaft.
The tool shaft 90 includes a pull stud 91 at one end (left end) and a grooved flange 92 at the other end (right end).
Flange 94 formed with a key groove 93 capable of engaging with the key 32 of
Is equipped with. Further, on the tool shaft 90, a rotary sleeve 95 is rotatably fitted adjacent to the grooved flange 92 on the right end side through a rolling bearing 96, and an appropriate intermediate region between the flange 94 and the rotary sleeve 95 is provided. An appropriate number of side milling cutters,
In the illustrated example, two bore type side milling cutters 97, 97 are fitted and fixed together with appropriate sleeves 98, 98 ....

The operation and action of the milling machine in the above first embodiment will be described. When machining with one milling cutter F1 is completed, a command signal is output from the numerical control device D based on the tool change program of the memory ME, and the servo motors 6, 7, through the drive circuits 53, 54, 55, 56, 57.
8, 51 and the motor 20 are driven. Along with that, the fluid pressure cylinders 40 and 48 are also activated. The tools are changed as described below by driving and operating them.

By the rotational driving of the servomotors 6, 7 and 8, the slide base 2, the column 3 and the spindle head 5 are moved, the spindle head 5 is separated from the workpiece W, returns to the original position, and the motor 20
Stops and the rotary cylinder 24 stops rotating at a fixed position. that time,
The servo motor 51 is driven based on the tool data table of the memory ME, and the rotary body 52 of the tool magazine M1 is indexed and rotated, so that the empty mounting portion is located at the replacement position.

The sliding table 2 and the column 3, that is, the spindle head 5 is moved by the rotational driving of the servomotors 6 and 7, and the grooved flange 92 of the used milling cutter F1 is used to mount the rotary body 52 of the tool magazine M1 in the empty mounting portion. In the Z-axis direction. Further, due to the rotational drive of the servomotor 7, the column 3, that is, the spindle head 5 is moved forward by a predetermined amount, and the grooved flange 92 of the used milling cutter F1 mounted on the spindle head 5 is fixed to the tool magazine M.
The idler mounting portion of the first rotating body 52 is engaged, and the milling cutter F1 is held in the tool magazine M1.

Next, the piston rod 41 is projected by the operation of the fluid pressure cylinder 40, and the pull rod 36 is pushed rightward against the spring force of the compression spring 39, so that the balls 33, 33 ... , Release the pull stud 91 of the milling cutter F1. At the same time, the fluid pressure cylinder 48 operates, the piston rod 49 retracts, the rotating arm portion 46 rotates clockwise around the pin 45 (FIG. 4), and the movable gripping claw 47 moves the rotating sleeve of the milling cutter F1.
95 is released and the gripping means 43 is opened.

By the rotational drive of the servomotor 6, the slide base 2, that is, the spindle head 5 is moved leftward to a predetermined position, and the used milling cutter F1 is left in the magazine M1, and the rotary cylinder 24 of the spindle head 5 is Remove from the pull stud 91 of the same milling machine F1. (The gripping means 43 is located between the side milling cutter 97 and the rotary sleeve 95.) Further, the rotation of the servomotor 7 causes the column 3, that is, the spindle head 5 to retract to a predetermined position.

Then, the rotating body 52 of the tool magazine M1 is indexed and rotated by the driving of the servo motor 51, and a new milling cutter F1 to be used next mounted on the rotating body 52 is set to the exchange position and the memory ME is stored. The servo motor 13 is rotationally driven based on the tool data table, and the moving base 14 is guided by the guide rails 12 and 12 via the ball screw 16 and the ball nut 15.
Then, the gripping means 43 is positioned at a position (distance from the rotary cylinder 24) corresponding to the position of the rotary sleeve 95 of the new milling cutter F1.

Next, by the rotational drive of the servo motor 7,
The column 3, that is, the spindle head 5 is moved forward and is positioned at a position where the axis of the rotary cylinder 24 is the same as the axis of the new milling cutter F1 in the tool magazine M1 (the holding means 43 in the open state is the side milling cutter). After being positioned between 97 and the rotary sleeve 95), the rotation of the servo motor 6 causes the column 32, that is, the spindle head 5 to engage the key 32 of the rotary cylinder 24 with the key groove 93 of the new milling cutter F1. Moving to the right, the pull stud 91 is inserted into the cup body 34 of the pull rod 36 in the rotary cylinder 24. Further, when the fluid pressure cylinder 40 operates, the piston rod 41 retracts, and when the compression spring 39 is released, the tension rod 36 is pulled to the left by the spring force of the compression spring 39, and the balls 33, 33 ... Engage and mill F1
Hold the pull stud 91 of the
The engagement state of the rotary barrel 24 of 93 with the key 32 is maintained.

Then, the rotary sleeve 95 of the new milling cutter F1 comes to a position where it can be gripped by the gripping means 43, the piston rod 49 is projected by the operation of the fluid pressure cylinder 48, and the rotary arm portion 46 is rotated counterclockwise around the pin 45. Rotate around (Fig. 4),
The movable gripping claw 47 grips the rotating sleeve 95 of the milling cutter F1 together with the fixed gripping claw 44. Thus, the new milling cutter F
1 is mounted on the spindle head 5. In this state, the column 3, that is, the spindle head 5 is retracted by the rotational drive of the servomotor 7, and the grooved flange 92 of the new milling cutter F1 mounted on the spindle head 5 is separated from the rotary body 52 of the magazine M1.

Then, the slide base 2 and the column 3 are moved by the rotational driving of the servomotors 6 and 7, the spindle head 5 is returned to the original position, and the motor 20 is driven, and the pulley of the motor shaft, the endless belt 22 and the pulley are moved. The drive shaft 18 rotates via 23. Then, the rotation of the drive shaft 18 is caused by the gear train (28, 29, 30,
31) is transmitted to the rotary cylinder 24, and the rotation of the rotary cylinder 24 causes the tool shaft 90 of the milling cutter F1, that is, the side milling cutters 97, 97 to rotate via the key 32 and the key groove 93 of the flange 94 of the milling cutter F1. At that time, the tool shaft 90 is rotatably supported with high precision irrespective of the rotation sleeve 95 gripped by the gripping means 43 by the rolling bearing 96 at least in terms of rotation. With both ends supported by both the rotary cylinder 24 and the rotary sleeve 95, the rotary cylinder 24 and the rotary sleeve 95 rotate stably with high rigidity.

Then, the sliding base 2, the column 3 and the spindle head 5 are moved by the rotational driving of the servo motors 6, 7, and 8,
By appropriately moving the spindle head 5 in the X, Y, and Z axis directions with respect to the workpiece W, desired cutting and feeding of the side milling cutters 97, 97 with respect to the workpiece W, that is, desired milling can be performed. Become.

Next, the milling machine in the second embodiment will be explained. The left and right in the following description are the left and right in FIG. In FIG. 5, a spindle device 60 is placed on the bed 1 of the milling device, and a workpiece table T on which a workpiece W is mounted by a jig J in front of which the spindle device 60 is sandwiched.
However, an automatic tool changer is installed at the rear.

On the slide table 61 slidably mounted on the bed 1 along the horizontal (Z-axis direction) guide surface 3b, the base 62 is horizontal (X-axis line) perpendicular to the Z-axis line. The slide table 61 is moved by a servo motor 63, and the base table 62 is moved by a servo motor (not shown) via a feeding mechanism (not shown). There is.

A spindle device 60 is installed on a base 62, and the spindle device 60 includes a housing 66.
A spindle drive portion 64 at one end and a tool support portion 65 at the other end are provided in the X axis direction. Spindle drive unit 64
A main shaft 67 in the X-axis direction is rotatably attached to the tip of the rotary shaft via a rolling bearing 68, and a gear 69 of the main shaft 67 is rotationally driven by a motor 70 on the housing 66 via a transmission mechanism and a gear train. It is supposed to be done.

A mounting hole 71 into which one end of the tool shaft 100 of the milling cutter F2 is fitted is formed in the main shaft 67, and a screw hole in the radial direction which penetrates from the outer peripheral surface to the mounting hole 71 is formed. Is a fixing screw whose tip can protrude into the mounting hole 71.
72 is screwed in, and the outer end portion of the fastening screw 72 is provided on the housing 66 so as to be engaged with a driver 74 that is rotated by the forward / backward drive / rotary drive device 73 and moved forward and backward in the rotation axis direction. It has become. That is, one end of the tool shaft 100 of the milling cutter F2 inserted in the mounting hole 71 is fastened to the main shaft 67 by the fastening screw 72 screwed by the driver 74.

At the tip of the support arm 75 of the tool support 65, a support cylinder 76 in the X-axis direction, which is opposed to the main shaft 67 on the same axis, is provided.
Is supported by an unillustrated hydraulic cylinder provided in parallel with it so as to be advanced and retracted in the axial direction, and a tool support rotary cylinder 77 into which the shaft end of the tool shaft 100 of the milling cutter F2 is fitted is inserted in the support cylinder 76. Is fitted and rotatably supported by rolling bearings. The guide path shown in FIG. 7, which is formed on the housing 66 in the X-axis direction behind the axes of the main shaft 67 and the support cylinder 76.
On the 78, a first movable table 79 and a second movable table 80 are juxtaposed so as to be slidable at intervals.

A ball nut 81 fixed to the first movable table 79
The ball nut 82, which is rotatably attached to the second movable base 80, is rotatably supported on the support arm 75 by a rolling bearing and is screwed to a common ball screw 83 provided in the X-axis direction. The ball nut 82 of the second movable base 80 can be fixed to the second movable base 80 via an electromagnetic clutch 84. The ball screw 83 is connected to the motor shaft of a servomotor 85 installed at the edge of the second slide base 80 on the same side as the tool support portion 65.

The first movable table 79 and the second movable table 80 are provided with a gripping means 43 for gripping the tool shaft 100 of the milling cutter F2 as shown in FIG. The gripping means 43 includes a first movable table 79 and a second movable table 79.
Since it is the same as the movable table 80, the first movable table 79 will be described below. As shown in FIG. 7, the tip portion of the fixed arm portion 42 protruding forward from the front surface of the first movable base 79 grips the outer ring of the rolling bearing portion 106 fitted to an appropriate intermediate portion of the tool shaft 100 of the milling cutter F2. It is the fixed gripping claw 44 of the gripping means,
The distal end of the L-shaped rotary arm 46, whose base end is pivotally attached to the base of the fixed arm 42 by a pin 45, faces the fixed gripping pawl 44 and jointly cooperates with the rolling bearing of the tool shaft 100 of the milling cutter F2. The movable holding claw 47 holds the outer ring 106. The bending portion of the rotating arm portion 46 is connected by a link 50 to the projecting end of the piston rod 49 of the fluid pressure cylinder 48 for opening and closing the gripping claw attached to the first movable table 79. The fixed gripping claw 44 and the movable gripping claw 47 that are paired are located in the same axial line relationship with the main shaft 67 and the tool support rotary cylinder 77 in the X axis direction.

The automatic tool changer comprises a tool magazine M2 and a tool transfer device TR in the range from the tool magazine M2 to the spindle device 60. Tool magazine M2
Supports S for individually supporting a large number of milling cutters F2 on the upper surface,
.. is a tool table B in which the tool table B is lined up, and the tool transfer device TR includes a transfer path rail L provided above the transfer path rail L in the range from the tool magazine M2 to the milling device. It comprises a reciprocating tool carrier G.

The reciprocating body of the tool transfer section G is a transfer path rail L.
Is equipped with a motor K for slidingly driving the pinion and a pinion meshing with a rack provided on the conveyance path rail L, and for rotating the pinion. A hydraulic cylinder P that moves up and down is provided.

Each servo motor (including a second slide base servo motor (not shown)) 63, 85, a motor 70 for driving the spindle, a forward / backward drive / rotation drive device 73 for a driver 74, a hydraulic cylinder for a support cylinder 76, and Each drive means of the automatic exchange device has a first
As in the first embodiment, it is connected to a numerical controller equipped with a memory via a drive circuit and a hydraulic control circuit, and is controlled based on a command signal from the same numerical controller as in the first embodiment. .

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the milling cutter F2
Is equipped with a tool shaft 100, and one end portion (left end) of the tool shaft 100 is a first shaft end portion 101 which is inserted into a mounting hole 71 of a main shaft 67.
And a second inserted into the tool support rotary cylinder 77 of the tool support portion 65.
An engaging hole 103 is formed in the outer peripheral surface of the first shaft end portion 101, the engaging hole 103 having the shaft end portion 102 and with which the tip of the fastening screw 72 engages.
A grooved flange 104 held by the hand H of the automatic tool changer inside the shaft end portion 101 and the second shaft end portion 102,
104 are formed. In the middle of the grooved flanges 104, 104 at both ends of the tool shaft 100, an appropriate number of groove milling cutters at appropriate positions, in the illustrated example, 13 bore type groove milling cutters.
105, 105 ... Are fitted, and the inner rings of the rolling bearing portions 106, 106 are fitted at appropriate positions at intervals.

The operation and action of the milling machine of the second embodiment will be described. When the machining with one milling cutter F2 is completed, a command is output from the numerical controller based on the input from the memory as in the first embodiment, and each servo motor (second sliding table servo motor ( 63, 85), forward / backward drive / rotation drive device 73 of motor 70 and driver 74 for driving the main shaft, and drive means of the automatic exchange device, and the hydraulic cylinder of support cylinder 76 is also operated. . The tools are changed as described below by driving and operating them.

The rotary table of the servomotor 63 drives the movable table.
61 moves, the spindle device 60 separates from the workpiece W, returns to the original position, the motor 70 stops, and the spindle 67 stops rotating at a fixed position. At that time, the tool transfer unit G is operated by the servo motor K.
Is driven to move forward on the conveyance path rail L via the pinion rack mechanism and is positioned at a predetermined position on the spindle device 60.

Then, the forward / backward drive / rotary drive device 73 advances the driver 74 to engage with the fastening screw 72 of the main shaft 67,
By being rotationally driven, the fastening screw 72 retracts, disengages from the engaging hole 103 of the tool shaft 100, and the first shaft end portion of the tool shaft 100.
101 is released. The driver 74 stops its rotation by the advancing / retreating drive / rotational drive device 73, retreats, and separates from the fastening screw 72. Then, the support cylinder 76 of the tool support portion 65 is axially retracted by the hydraulic cylinder, so that the tool support rotary cylinder 77 is disengaged from the second shaft end portion 102 of the tool shaft 100.

Therefore, the milling means F is held by the gripping means 43, 43.
The first movable base 79 and the second movable base 80, which are in a state of gripping the outer rings of the second rolling bearing units 106 and 106, move right because the ball screw 83 is rotated by the drive of the servomotor 85, and as a result, The first shaft end 101 of the tool shaft 100 is the mounting hole for the main shaft 67.
Remove from 71.

The hand H lowered by the operation of the hydraulic cylinder P of the tool transfer section G is moved to the grooved flange 104 of the tool shaft 100.
, 104 is gripped. At the same time, in the first movable table 79 and the second movable table 80, when the piston rod 49 is retracted by the operation of the fluid pressure cylinder 48, the rotating arm portion 46 in the grasping state.
Rotates about the pin 45 counterclockwise (FIG. 7), and the movable gripping claw 47 releases the outer ring of the rolling bearings 106, 106 of the milling cutter F2. Then, by the operation of the hydraulic cylinder P, the hand H rises while holding the milling cutter F2, and the tool transfer section G drives the motor K to open the magazine M2 on the transfer path rail L via the pinion rack mechanism. The used milling cutter F2 is supported by a predetermined supporting portion S by retreating onto the existing supporting portion S and lowering and opening the hand H.

In the same manner as the above-mentioned operation, the new milling cutter F2 to be used next supported by the supporting portion S on the magazine M2 is selected by raising / lowering / opening / closing the hand H and moving the tool conveying portion G. Slotted flange on tool axis 100
The hands 4 and 104 are gripped by the hand H and further conveyed to a predetermined position directly above the spindle device 60. Therefore, the operation of the hydraulic cylinder P lowers the hand H, and the outer rings of the rolling bearings 106, 106 of the new milling cutter F2 are in the open state. The fixed gripping claws of the gripping means of the first movable table 79 and the second movable table 80.
Placed on 44. When the piston rod 49 is projected by the operation of the fluid pressure cylinder 48, the rotating arm portion in the open state
46 rotates clockwise around the pin 45 (FIG. 7), and the movable gripping claw 47 grips the outer ring of the rolling bearings 106, 106 of the milling cutter F2 together with the fixed gripping claw 44.

The rolling bearing of the new milling cutter F2
When the axial positions of 106 and 106 are different from the used milling cutter F2, the distance between the rolling bearings 106 and 106 is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the first movable table 79 and the second movable table 80. To do this, demagnetize and disengage the electromagnetic clutch 84,
After the ball nut 104 of the second movable table 80 is made rotatable, the ball screw 83 is rotationally driven by the servomotor 85 to displace only the first movable table 79 while keeping the second movable table 80 stationary. At a desired interval, the electromagnetic clutch 84 is magnetically engaged to fix the ball nut 104 to the second movable base 80.

Further, the fixed holding claws 44, 41 and the movable holding claws 47,
Regarding the position itself of 44, the positions of the first movable base 79 and the second movable base 80 are adjusted so that their axial positions match the rolling bearings 106, 106. For that purpose, the ball screw 83 is rotationally driven by the servo motor 85, whereby the first movable base 79 and the second movable base 80 are displaced together and the position is adjusted. On the other hand, the tool transfer unit hand H releases the grooved flanges 104 1 and 104 2 of the tool shaft 100, and the hydraulic cylinder P
And the tool transport unit G is moved back to an appropriate position by driving the motor K.

Next, the first movable base 79 and the second movable base 80 move left while holding the milling cutter F2 by rotating the ball screw 83 by the servomotor 85, and as a result, the tool shaft
The first shaft end portion 101 of 100 is fitted into the mounting hole 71 of the main shaft 67,
Next, the driver 74 is advanced by the advancing / retreating drive / rotational drive device 73 to engage with the fastening screw 72 of the main shaft 67 and is driven to rotate, whereby the fastening screw 72 advances and the engaging hole 10 of the tool shaft 100 is engaged.
3 is engaged and the first shaft end portion 101 of the tool shaft 100 is fastened to the main shaft 67. At the same time, the driver 74 is rotated by the advancing / retreating drive / rotational drive device 73 to retract, and is separated from the fastening screw 72. Then, the support cylinder 76 of the tool support portion 65 is moved forward in the axial direction by the hydraulic cylinder, so that the tool support rotary cylinder
77 is fitted on the second shaft end 102 of the tool shaft 100. Thus, the milling cutter F2 is mounted on the spindle device 60.

In this state, the gear 70, that is, the main shaft 67 is rotated through the gear train (not shown) by driving the motor 70, and the tool shaft 90, which is fixed by the fixing screw 72, that is, the groove milling cutter 105,
105 ... rotates. At that time, the tool shaft 100 includes the tool support rotary cylinder 77 that supports the second shaft end portion 102 and the rolling bearing portion 10.
Fixed gripping claws 44, 41 and movable gripping claw 47 for gripping the outer ring 6
The milling cutter F2 is rotatably supported with high precision irrespective of at least rotation with respect to 44, and eventually the milling cutter F2 is supported at both ends by both the main shaft 67 and the tool supporting rotary cylinder 77 and the fixed gripping pawl 44. , 41 ・ Movable gripping claws 47, 44 are supported in an intermediate state and rotate stably with high rigidity.

The sliding base 61 and the base 62 are moved by rotationally driving the servo motor 63 and a servo motor (not shown), and the spindle device 60 is appropriately moved in the X and Z axis directions with respect to the workpiece W. Due to the groove milling machine 105, 105 ...
The desired cutting and feeding of the workpiece W are performed,
That is, desired milling is performed.

[0061]

In the milling machine of the present invention, when the milling machine is attached to or detached from the spindle, the tool shaft can be handled in the radial direction by the gripping means, which facilitates the attachment and detachment operation of the milling cutter to the spindle. Especially in the automatic tool change and the like, the change time is shortened.

Furthermore, since the milling shaft is supported at both ends, it can be stably rotated with high rigidity even if it is long, and highly accurate machining can be performed with high efficiency. Therefore, the applicable range of the processed shape of the applied workpiece is wide. Moreover, since the milling cutters, both ends of which are supported by the spindle head, are automatically changed in the tool magazine, several kinds of workpieces can be machined by one milling machine.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a milling device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional plan view of a spindle head of a milling device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a milling device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of a milling device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

7 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line VII-VII of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a processing state of a milling device according to a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 bed 2 slide table 3 column 3a, 12 guide rail 3b guide surface 4 slide cover 5 spindle head 6, 7, 8, 13,
63,85 Servomotor 9 Sliding part 10,66 Housing 11 Bearing part 14 Moving stand 15,81,82 Ball nut 16,83 Ball screw 17 Support arm 18 Drive shaft 19,25,68 Rolling bearing 20,70 Motor 21, 23 pulley 22 endless belt 24 rotary cylinder 26, 27 intermediate gear shaft 28, 29, 30, 31, 69 gear 32 key 33 ball 34 cup body 35, 38 spring stop flange 36 tension rod 37 cam 39 compression spring 40, 48 fluid pressure Cylinder 41, 49 Piston rod 42 Fixed arm 43 Grip means 44 Fixed grip claw 45 Pin 46 Rotating arm 47 Movable grip claw 50 Link 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58 Drive circuit 60 Spindle device 61 Sliding base 62 Base 64 Spindle drive part 65 Tool support part 67 Main shaft 71 Mounting hole 72 Fastening screw 73 Forward / backward drive / rotation drive device 74 Driver 75 Support arm 76 Support cylinder 77 Tool support rotation Cylinder 78 Guideway 79 1st movable table 80 2nd movable table 84 Electromagnetic clutch F1, F2 milling machine 90, 100 Tool shaft 91 Pull stud 92, 104 Groove flange 93 Key groove 94 Flange 95 Rotating sleeve 96 Rolling bearing 97 Side milling 98 Sleeve 101 First shaft end 102 Second shaft end 103 Engagement hole 105 Groove milling 106 Rolling bearing M1, M2 Tool magazine 51 Servo motor 52 Rotating body S Support B Tool table TR Tool carrier L Carrier path rail G Tool transport section H Hand P Hydraulic cylinder K Motor D Numerical control device ME memory J Jig T Work table W Work

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hisashi Suzuki, 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture, Toyota Motor Corporation (72) Inventor, Haruo Yokoyama, 1 Toyota Town, Toyota City, Aichi Prefecture Toyota Motor Corporation

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A tool shaft having a coupling holding portion removably coupled and held to a main shaft on one end side, a rotation holding portion rotatably provided around the axis line on the other end portion of the tool shaft, and a tool. A milling cutter provided with a cutter provided on the shaft; having a tool holding portion that detachably holds the tool shafts of the plurality of milling cutters,
A tool magazine in which the tool holder is positioned at a predetermined position;
In the axial direction, the main shaft has a coupling and holding means for detachably coupling and holding the coupling and holding portion of the tool shaft of the milling cutter, and the holding means for detachably holding the rotation holding portion of the tool shaft of the milling cutter from the radial direction. A spindle head provided with a movable carriage, a drive means for rotationally driving the spindle, and a feeding means for moving the carriage in the axial direction; and the spindle head at a position corresponding to a workpiece and a tool magazine. Milling device equipped with at least two-dimensionally moving feed device; 2. A tool shaft having a shaft end that is detachably coupled to and held by a main shaft, a rotation holding portion that is rotatably provided on the tool shaft about an axis, and a blade provided on the tool shaft. A milling cutter provided; an automatic tool changer equipped with a tool magazine and a tool transporting device for detachably holding a plurality of the milling cutters; a spindle having a coupling holding means for detachably coupling and holding a shaft end portion of a tool shaft, and A main shaft drive unit having a drive unit for rotationally driving the main shaft is provided, and further has a gripping unit for removably holding the rotation holding unit of the tool shaft of the milling cutter in the radial direction, and a movable base movable in the axial direction. Is provided,
A milling machine equipped with a spindle device equipped with a feed means for moving the movable table in the axial direction; and a feed device for moving the spindle device at least two-dimensionally to a position corresponding to a workpiece.