JPH0755285A - Absorption refrigerating machine - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate a problem of an atmospheric contamination, to facilitate handling in a safety management, and to further reduce a running cost as compared with the case where an electric heater is used as a heat source for thermally regenerating absorbed liquid of a regenerator by rationally improving a structure for thermally regenerating the liquid. CONSTITUTION:An absorption refrigerating machine sequentially circulates refrigerant through a regenerator 7, a condenser 8, an evaporator 8 and an absorber 6 to generate cold by an evaporator 5, and comprises a power-drive compression type heat pump 1, and absorbed liquid heating means H for thermally regenerating the liquid of the regenerator 7 by generated heat of the pump 1. The refrigerator further comprises cooling means C for cooling the liquid of the absorber 6 or the refrigerant of the condenser 8 according to generated cold of the pump 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an absorption refrigerator in which a refrigerant is circulated in the order of a regenerator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber to generate cold heat in the evaporator.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in such an absorption refrigerator,
Combustion heat generated by burning fuel such as natural gas or petroleum, or high-temperature water or steam generated by the combustion heat was used as a heat source for heating and regenerating the absorbing liquid in the regenerator. .

[0003]

However, since the fuel is burned, there is a problem of air pollution due to the combustion exhaust gas. In addition, it is necessary to perform various inspections and maintenance in terms of safety management, such as inspection and maintenance of combustion-related safety devices and fuel supply-related safety devices in a combustion device that burns fuel.
Further, since the combustion device is used, various laws and regulations such as the Fire Defense Law and the Air Pollution Control Law are applied, so there is a problem that handling in safety management is extremely difficult.

By the way, it is assumed that an electric heater, which has no problem of air pollution and is easy to handle for safety management, is used as a heat source for absorbing liquid heating and regeneration in a regenerator. The electric heater for converting into a large amount of heat is not practical because the unit cost of heat is high and the running cost is high.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to solve the problem of air pollution while rationally improving the structure for heating and regeneration of the absorbing liquid. It is intended to facilitate the handling in safety management and to reduce the running cost as compared with the case where an electric heater is used as a heat source for absorbing liquid heating and regeneration in a regenerator.

[0006]

A first characteristic configuration of an absorption chiller according to the present invention is to provide an electric power driven compression heat pump, and heat and regenerate the absorbing liquid in the regenerator to generate the compression heat pump. The point is that an absorbing liquid heating means for heating is provided.

The second characteristic structure is to cool the absorbing liquid in the absorber by the cold heat generated by the compression heat pump,
Alternatively, there is provided a cooling means for cooling the refrigerant in the condenser.

A third characteristic configuration is that the refrigerant is water, and slurry derivation means for taking out the ice / water slurry generated in the evaporator from the evaporator, and water as a refrigerant and ice-making raw water in a refrigerant circulation system. The point is to provide a water supply means for supplying.

[0009]

The operation of the first characteristic structure is as follows. The absorbing liquid heating means performs heating and regeneration of the absorbing liquid in the regenerator by the heat generated from the electric power driven compression heat pump. The absorbing liquid heating means heats the absorbing liquid by condensing heat release when the working medium in the electric power driven compression heat pump exchanges heat with the absorbing liquid in the regenerator to condense and regenerates the absorbing liquid. Can be configured to
Alternatively, hot water is generated by condensing heat release when the working medium in the electric power driven compression heat pump exchanges heat with water and condenses, and the hot water heats the absorbing liquid in the regenerator to regenerate the absorbing liquid. To configure.

The operation of the second characteristic structure is as follows. The cooling means cools the absorbing liquid in the absorber or cools the refrigerant in the condenser by the cold heat generated from the power-driven compression heat pump. Then, the cooling means is configured to cool the absorbing liquid in the absorber or cool the refrigerant in the condenser, for example, by absorbing vaporization heat when the working medium in the electric power driven compression heat pump vaporizes. Alternatively, the cooling water is cooled by heat of vaporization when the working medium is vaporized, and the cooling water cools the absorbing liquid in the absorber or the refrigerant in the condenser.

According to the third characteristic configuration, water as a refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant circulation system by the water supply means, and the water stored in the evaporator is cooled by the heat of vaporization when the water is vaporized in the evaporator. Then, the stored water is frozen to form ice / water slurry, and the ice / water slurry is taken out from the evaporator by the slurry deriving means. Then, the ice / water slurry taken out by the slurry deriving means is supplied to various cold heat consuming facilities as a cold heat medium.

[0012]

According to the first characteristic configuration, since the heat generated from the electric power-driven compression heat pump is used as the heat source for the absorption liquid heating regeneration in the regenerator, the problem of air pollution can be solved. In addition, the power-driven compression heat pump does not require a safety device related to combustion and a safety device related to fuel supply when a combustion device is used as in the conventional case, and various legal regulations applied to the combustion device are required. Since it is not applied, it is now possible to facilitate safety management handling. Moreover, since the electric power driven compression heat pump can take out heat with high efficiency, the unit cost of heat is significantly lower than when an electric heater is used, and as a result, the running cost can be greatly reduced. I can do it now.

According to the second characteristic configuration, the cooling of the absorbing liquid in the absorber or the cooling of the refrigerant in the condenser is performed by the cold heat generated from the power-driven compression heat pump, so that it is generated, for example, in a cooling tower. Compared with the case of cooling with cooling water, the absorption temperature of the absorbing liquid can be lowered and the coefficient of performance can be improved.Therefore, when ice is made by freezing water as a refrigerant in the evaporator, It can be done more efficiently. Moreover,
Since the compression heat pump uses cold heat generated in parallel with the generation of warm heat, it is necessary to install a cooling tower for cooling water generation for cooling the absorbing liquid in the absorber or cooling the refrigerant in the condenser. Disappears, or
Even if a cooling tower is provided, a small capacity is sufficient, so the power for operating the cooling tower can be reduced and the running cost can be further reduced.

According to the third characteristic configuration, the problem of air pollution is solved, the handling for safety management is facilitated, and the running cost is greatly reduced even when electric power is used, while the absorption type is adopted. It is possible to manufacture ice / water slurry with a refrigerator, and use this ice / water slurry to efficiently operate various cold heat consumption equipment such as cooling equipment.

[0015]

EXAMPLE An example in which the present invention is applied to an absorption chiller for producing an ice / water slurry in which ice particles a are dispersed in a refrigerant water w will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, R is an ice-water slurry in which ice particles a are dispersed in the refrigerant water w (hereinafter referred to as slurry ice).
Is a refrigerating machine for producing cold water, and 2 is a cold heat consuming facility 3 using the slurry ice produced by the refrigerating machine R as a cold heat supply medium
Is a circulation facility for returning to the absorption refrigerator R as refrigerant and ice-making raw water, while returning the coolant water w in which the ice component a is melted by the cold heat consumption in the cold heat consumption facility 3.

Reference numeral 3a is a component of the cold energy consuming facility 3, which is a heat exchanging device for exchanging heat with a slurry ice to cool an object to be cooled such as air, and is, for example, an air handling unit or a fan coil unit group.

Reference numeral 4 denotes an ice heat storage tank provided in the circulation facility 2 in the middle of the circulation path for storing the slurry ice supplied from the absorption refrigerator R via the primary side supply passage 2a. The stored slurry ice is sent to the heat exchanging means 3a of the cold heat consuming facility 3 via the secondary side supply passage 2b, and the return refrigerant water w returned from the heat exchanging means 3a via the secondary side return passage 2c. While receiving and storing, the stored refrigerant water w is returned to the absorption refrigerator R via the primary side return passage 2d.

P1 is a primary side circulation pump, and P2 is a secondary side circulation pump.

The absorption refrigerator R has an evaporator 5 for storing refrigerant water w as a chamber for producing slurry ice, an absorber 6 for storing a hygroscopic aqueous solution as absorption liquid m, and a rare absorption liquid m for absorbing refrigerant vapor. The regenerator 7 for concentrating and regenerating, the condenser 8 for condensing the refrigerant vapor separated from the dilute absorption liquid m, and the dilute absorption liquid m of the regenerator 7 is heated by generated heat and the absorption liquid in the absorber 6 is generated by generated cold heat. An electric power driven compression heat pump 1 for cooling m is provided.

The vapor phase portion of the evaporator 5 and the vapor phase portion of the absorber 6 are communicated with each other through a vapor discharge path 12, and the vaporizer 5
The refrigerant vapor generated in 1 is guided to the absorber 6 through the vapor discharge path 12.

The vapor phase portion of the regenerator 7 and the vapor phase portion of the condenser 8 are communicated with each other through the vapor supply passage 20, and the refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator 7 is passed through the vapor supply passage 20 to the condenser 8. Lead.

The regenerator 7 is provided with a regeneration heat exchanger 18 for heating the absorbing liquid m stored in the regenerator, and by this heating, the refrigerant water w in the dilute absorbing liquid m is evaporated to concentrate the absorbing liquid m. .

In the absorber 6, the concentrated absorbing liquid m from the regenerator 7
The spraying nozzle 14 for spraying the gas into the gas phase portion of the container, and the cooling heat exchanger 16 for cooling the concentrated absorbing liquid m sprayed from the spraying nozzle 14 are provided, and the regenerator 7 and the spraying nozzle 14 are provided. The concentrated absorbent m of the regenerator 7 is connected to the absorbent 6 by a concentrated liquid passage 13a, and the liquid reservoir of the lower part of the absorber 6 and the regenerator 7 are connected to each other by the diluted absorbent m that has absorbed the refrigerant vapor. It is connected by a dilute liquid path 13b for sending to the regenerator 7. P4 in the figure
Is a solution pump for delivering the diluted absorbent m of the absorber 6 to the regenerator 7, and 17 is the concentrated absorbent m flowing through the concentrated liquid passage 13a and the diluted absorbent m flowing through the diluted liquid passage 13b. This is a heat exchanger for exchanging heat to cool the concentrated absorbent m and preheat the rare absorbent m.

In order to disperse the absorbing liquid in the absorber 6, the surface area of the absorbing liquid (in other words, the contact area with the refrigerant vapor) is increased,
The purpose is to promote the absorption of refrigerant vapor.

The condenser 8 is provided with a condensing heat exchanger 19 using cooling water as a cooling medium, and the refrigerant steam introduced from the regenerator 7 into the condenser 8 via the vapor supply path 20 is condensed with the heat exchanger 19. It is condensed by cooling with.

The evaporator 5 is connected to the primary-side feed passage 2a and the primary-side return passage 2d, and also to the condensed water passage 9 for returning the condensed refrigerant water w from the condenser 8, and the stored refrigerant water. A sprinkling circulation path 11 is provided for pumping w and sprinkling the coolant water w from the sprinkling nozzle 10 onto the surface of the stored water in the container.

The water sprinkling from the water sprinkling nozzle 10 is intended to promote the evaporation of the refrigerant water w and to disturb the stored refrigerant water w when the slurry ice is generated in the evaporator 5.

P3 is a circulating pump for watering. 2
Reference numeral 1 denotes a vacuum pump for initial operation for lowering (vacuating) the atmospheric pressure in the evaporator 5 to a predetermined pressure or lower at the start of the initial operation of the absorption refrigerator R.

That is, in the absorption refrigerating machine R having the above structure, the refrigerant vapor generated in the regenerator 7 is supplied to the vapor supply path 20.
Through the condenser 8, the refrigerant vapor is condensed in the condenser 8, and the condensed refrigerant water w is guided to the evaporator 5 through the condensation water passage 9 and sprayed inside the container by the water spray nozzle 10 to be evaporated. The refrigerant vapor is guided to the absorber 6 through the vapor discharge path 12 and absorbed by the concentrated absorbent m sprayed from the spray nozzle 14. That is, the refrigerant circulates through the circulation path in the order of the regenerator 7, the condenser 8, the evaporator 5, and the absorber 6. Then, the vapor pressure of the evaporator 5 is kept below the saturated vapor pressure at the freezing point of the refrigerant water w due to the vapor discharge from the evaporator 5 and the decrease in the atmospheric pressure of the evaporator 5 due to the absorption of the refrigerant vapor in the concentrated absorbing liquid m. , By this, the evaporator 5
In the above, the evaporation from the stored refrigerant water w is continued, and the evaporation heat is taken by this evaporation to cool the stored refrigerant water w below the freezing point to cause the stored refrigerant water w to freeze.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the evaporator 5 is formed of a cylindrical container 5A, while the discharge port x of the primary side return passage 2d is a return refrigerant water w on the peripheral wall of the container 5A.
Is arranged and formed so as to discharge in the tangential direction of the peripheral wall, and the refrigerant water stored in the evaporator 5 is swirled around the center axis of the container 5A by discharging the refrigerant water from the discharge port x. In addition, the outlet y to the primary side feeding passage 2a is the container 5
It is arranged so as to be located at the center of the swirling flow formed in A. Then, the slurry ice in the swirl center portion where the ice particle ratio becomes high due to the swirl flow is delivered from the delivery port y facing the swirl center portion.

Next, the electric power driven compression heat pump 1 will be described. The condensing heat exchanger functioning as the condenser of the heat pump 1 is arranged in the regenerator 7 so as to function as the regenerating heat exchanger 18, and the heat pump 1 uses the regenerating heat exchanger 18, evaporation Heat exchanger 22 for evaporation functioning as a vessel, both heat exchangers 18, 2
The refrigerant circulation path 23 connecting the two is provided, and the compressor 24 and the expansion valve 25 provided in the refrigerant circulation path 23 are provided. Further, the cooling heat exchanger 16 and the evaporation heat exchanger 22 arranged in the absorber 6 are connected by a cooling water circulation path 26.

That is, the refrigerant compressed by the compressor 24 (hereinafter referred to as a heat pump refrigerant in order to distinguish it from the refrigerant circulating in the circulation path of the absorption refrigerator R) is regenerated in the regeneration heat exchanger 18. The refrigerant condensed by heat exchange with the absorbing liquid m in the regenerator 7 is heated by the heat release of the absorbing liquid m when condensing by exchanging heat with the absorbing liquid m in the regenerator 7. The cooling water that flows through the cooling water circulation path 26 is cooled by the heat of vaporization when depressurized and vaporized in the evaporation heat exchanger 22. Further, in the cooling heat exchanger 16, the concentrated absorbing liquid m sprayed from the spray nozzle 14 onto the surface of the cooling heat exchanger 16 and the cooling heat exchanger 16
The concentrated absorbing liquid m is cooled by exchanging heat with the cooling water flowing therethrough.

Assuming that the heating amount for regenerating the absorbing liquid m in the regenerator 7 is 100, the cooling amount for cooling the absorbing liquid m in the absorber 6 is 80 to 100, while the heat extraction amount of the heat pump 1 is If 100 is 100, the amount of cold heat taken out is about 70, and the amount of cold heat is insufficient. Therefore, the cooling water circulation path 2
The heat exchanger 27 that cools the cooling water by exchanging heat between the cooling water flowing through the cooling water 6 and the refrigerant water w flowing through the sprinkling circulation path 11 is provided to compensate for the insufficient amount of cold heat.

Therefore, the heat exchanger 18 for regeneration functions as an absorption liquid heating means H for heating and regenerating the absorption liquid in the regenerator 7 by the generated heat of the heat pump 1, and the heat exchanger 16 for cooling is the heat exchanger 1 for cooling. It functions as a cooling unit C that cools the absorbing liquid m in the absorber 6 by the generated cold heat.
In addition, the primary-side supply passage 2a functions as a slurry outlet means for taking out the slurry ice generated in the evaporator 5 from the evaporator 5, and the primary-side return passage 2d serves as a refrigerant circulation system in the absorption refrigerator R. It functions as a water supply means for supplying water as raw ice-making water.

The condenser heat exchanger 19 is supplied with cooling water cooled by a cooling tower (not shown). The absorbing liquid m is an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol, an aqueous solution of lithium bromide, an aqueous solution of propylene glycol, an aqueous solution of calcium chloride, saline solution, or the like, and at a temperature equal to or higher than the temperature at which crystallization or freezing occurs, the saturated vapor pressure on the solution is evaporated. Various liquids can be applied as long as they are liquids capable of lowering the saturated water vapor pressure at the freezing point of the refrigerant water w in 5. Further, as the heat pump refrigerant, various freon alternative refrigerants such as ammonia can be applied in addition to freon refrigerants such as R12 and R22.

For lowering the pressure of the evaporator 5 (making it vacuum),
Primary side feeding path 2 due to the difference in height between the evaporator 5 and the ice storage tank 4
In order to keep the water level of the ice heat storage tank 4 at a predetermined water level with the static water heads of a and the primary side return passage 2d, the evaporator 5 is arranged higher than the ice heat storage tank 4 by a height corresponding to the pressure reduction. ,
As a result, the stored water level can be maintained at a predetermined appropriate water level while the ice heat storage tank 4 is open to the atmosphere.

[Other Embodiments] Next, other embodiments will be listed. The specific configuration of the absorbing liquid heating means H can be various configurations other than the configuration shown in the above-mentioned embodiment. For example, hot water is generated by the condensing heat exchanger functioning as the condenser of the compression heat pump 1. However, a heat exchanger through which the hot water flows may be provided in the regenerator 7 to heat the absorbing liquid m stored in the regenerator 7.

In the above embodiment, the cooling heat exchanger 16 through which the cooling water cooled by the evaporation heat exchanger 22 functioning as the evaporator of the compression heat pump 1 flows is used as the absorber 6
Although the case of arranging inside is illustrated, instead of this,
The cooling heat exchanger 16 may be arranged in the condenser 8.
Further, the cooling heat exchanger 16 may be arranged both in the absorber 6 and in the condenser 8.

The concrete structure of the cooling means C may be various structures other than the structure shown in the above embodiment. For example, an evaporation heat exchanger functioning as an evaporator of the compression heat pump 1 may be an absorber. 6, the absorption heat m when the heat pump refrigerant is vaporized in the evaporation heat exchanger may be configured to cool the absorption liquid m scattered on the surface of the evaporation heat exchanger.

In the above embodiment, the slurry derivation means 2
a and a water supply means 2d are provided to supply refrigerant water to the refrigerant circulation system to generate slurry ice in the evaporator 5 and take out the slurry ice from the evaporator 5 for cooling or the like. However, in place of this, the slurry outlet means 2a and the water supply means 2d are not provided, but a heat exchanger through which the fluid to be cooled flows is provided in the evaporator 5, and a refrigerant that circulates in the refrigerant circulation system is provided. Does not take out to the outside, but cools the fluid to be cooled flowing through the heat exchanger by absorbing vaporization heat by evaporation of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant circulation system in the evaporator 5, and the cooling fluid is used for cooling or the like. It may be configured to perform.

It should be noted that although reference numerals are given in the claims for convenience of comparison with the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the configurations of the accompanying drawings by the entry.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an equipment configuration diagram of an absorption refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the evaporator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Compression Heat Pump 2a Slurry Deriving Means 2d Water Supply Means 5 Evaporator 6 Absorber 7 Regenerator 8 Condenser C Cooling Means H Absorbing Liquid Heating Means

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An absorption refrigeration system in which a refrigerant is circulated in the order of a regenerator (7), a condenser (8), an evaporator (5), and an absorber (6) to generate cold heat in the evaporator (5). Which is an electric machine and is provided with a compression heat pump (1) driven by electric power, and heats and regenerates the absorption liquid in the regenerator (7) by means of the generated heat of the compression heat pump (1). Absorption refrigerator equipped with. 2. A cooling means (C) for cooling the absorbing liquid in the absorber (6) or cooling the refrigerant in the condenser (8) by the cold heat generated by the compression heat pump (1) is provided. The absorption refrigerator according to claim 1. 3. A slurry derivation means (2a) for taking out the ice / water slurry produced in the evaporator (5) from the evaporator (5) using water as the refrigerant, and a refrigerant and ice-making raw water in a refrigerant circulation system. Water supply means (2
The absorption refrigerator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising d).