JPH0754424A - Fireproof structure of building - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To control excessive deformation in the whole building by separating one skeleton having a free span from the other skeleton having the next span viewed in the light of structural strength each other to arrange and, at the same time, making spaces capable of absorbing the extension of beams between the skeletons in the case of a fire. CONSTITUTION:A fire breaks out in the inside and outside of a three story unit building, and in the case floor girders 6, 6,... and ceiling givers 7, 7,... of building units 5 are exposed to intense heat, thermal expansion of the floor girders 6, 6,... and ceiling girders 7, 7,... is made, and longitudinal extension is produced. Spaces 18 and 19 are made between columns 9 and 9 of the building units 5 and 5, so that the extension of the floor girders 6, 6,... and ceiling girders 7, 7,... is absorbed in the spaces 18 and 19. Accordingly, extensional deformation is processed between the building units 5 and 5, and summing integration of extension between beams of adjacent building units 5 is not obtained. For that purpose, excessive deformation as the whole building is not be seen, strength of the building is sufficiently maintained, and the breakdown of the building can be prevented.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire resistant structure of a building, and is particularly suitable for application to a long building having three or more stories such as an apartment house, a hospital and a dormitory.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Buildings with three or more floors for use in apartments, hospitals, dormitories, etc. must have a fireproof structure with a predetermined fireproof performance in accordance with the Building Standards Act, and have a predetermined earthquake resistance. Since it must also have performance, many are constructed with a steel frame in which columns and beams are joined in a rigid frame structure (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-165629).

On the other hand, in recent years, a fire resistant steel has been developed in which elements such as chromium and molybdenum are contained in the steel material in a minute amount, and the strength at high temperature is remarkably enhanced as compared with the conventional steel ("Architect"'93 .6: See P39-41). According to this refractory steel, 60
The yield point at 0 ° C is 2/3 or more of the room temperature standard value, and it has come to be used as a structural material for construction such as columns and beams of refractory buildings ("Construction Technology" 92.4: P170
-183).

[0004]

However, when a three-story or more apartment building is constructed using fire-resistant steel,
At the time of a fire, the proof stress at high temperature is guaranteed, but on the other hand, there is a fear that the thermal deformation of the frame becomes large, which is an inconvenient aspect not found in conventional steel. That is, since a thick refractory coating material is applied around the beams and columns made of conventional steel in order to prevent the temperature from rising above 350 ° C. in the event of a fire, as shown in FIG. The thermal expansion of columns 1, 2, ... and columns 2, 2, ... hardly poses a problem. However, around the beams and columns made of refractory steel whose proof stress is guaranteed at a high temperature of 600 ° C., a thin refractory coating material is applied from the viewpoint of utilizing the economical and technical advantages of refractory steel. Therefore, the beams and columns made of refractory steel are further exposed to high heat, and thermal expansion cannot be ignored. In particular,
In the case of a long building, the thermal expansions of the individual beams (materials) 3, 3, ... and columns (materials) 4, 4, ...
Finally, as shown in FIG. 2B, excessive deformation may be recognized at the end of the building and the frame may collapse.

Further, as described above, if there are many columns and beams that are affected by heat during a fire, the thermal expansion will be added and accumulated accordingly. In order to minimize the number of columns and beams that are affected by heat from the building, it is necessary to partition the building with fire-resistant partition walls. For this reason, there were complaints that the plan such as the floor plan was restricted and the room could not be used widely.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a fireproof structure for a building which can prevent excessive deformation of the entire building even in the event of a fire.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems, the fire resistant structure of a building according to claim 1 is a span structure of a steel frame structure in which a frame is composed of beams and columns. The skeleton relating to (1) and the skeleton relating to the adjacent span are arranged separately from each other in terms of structural strength, and a gap is provided between these skeletons so as to absorb the elongation of the beam at the time of fire.

According to a second aspect of the fireproof structure of a building, a plurality of steel-framed building units, each of which has a box-shaped skeleton composed of beams and columns, are continuously arranged in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction. In a unit building consisting of the following, an arbitrary building unit and an adjacent building unit are arranged separately from each other in terms of structural strength, and there is a gap between these building units that can absorb the extension of the beam in the event of a fire. I decided to provide it.

[0009]

According to the fireproof structure of a building of the present invention, a gap is provided between the frame of any span and the frame of an adjacent span to allow for the expansion of a beam at the time of fire, so that a fire Even when the beam is sometimes exposed to high temperatures, the elongation caused by the thermal expansion of the beam is absorbed by the gap for each span. Therefore, the thermal expansion of the beams is not added and accumulated between the adjacent spans, and excessive deformation of the entire building can be suppressed.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In describing this embodiment, the fire resistant structure will be described by taking a three-story unit building as an example. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a building unit applied to a fireproof structure of a building of this example, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a procedure of assembling a plurality of the building units to construct a unit building, FIG. FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-sectional view schematically showing a three-story unit building in which a plurality of the same building units are horizontally connected and vertically stacked.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the building unit 5 includes four floor girders 6, 6, ... And four ceiling girders 7.
, ..., and a plurality of ceiling girders 8, 8, ... spanned between the girder side (long side) ceiling girders 7, 7 and four columns 9, 9,
… And a box-shaped body is constructed, and the floor panel 1 is attached to this body.
0, a ceiling panel 11 (see FIG. 8) described later, and wall panels (outer wall panel 12, inner wall panel 13, and boundary wall panel 14).
(See Fig. 6)) is tapping screw, stud pin,
It is configured by being attached using a joining tool such as a bolt or a one side rivet. The above-mentioned floor girders 6, 6, ... And ceiling girders 7, 7, ... are channel steels (coefficient of thermal expansion α = 1.45 × 10 ₋₅₎ that continue to maintain proof stress even at high temperatures of 600 ° C.
In this example, beam members 6, 7, ... with a length of 5,562 mm are provided on the girder side (long side), and lengths are provided on the end side (short side). 2,163 mm beam material 6,
7, ... are used. The pillars 9, 9, ... Are also formed of 125 mm square rectangular steel pipes (fire resistant steel), which are also guaranteed to have high temperature strength, and the ceiling beams 8,8, .. It is made of normal U-shaped channel steel.

A 125 mm thick ALC (cellular concrete) plate is used for the floor panel 10 to ensure a fire resistance of a fire resistance time of 2 hours or more (according to the JIS A 1304 fire resistance test method for building structures). Has been done. Further, of the above wall panels, the outer wall panel 12 has a thickness of 10
0 mm ALC plate, inner wall panel 13 is a laminated version of asbestos calcium silicate board and gypsum board with a total thickness of 68 mm, and boundary wall panel 14 is a laminated version of 116 mm total asbestos calcium silicate board and a glass fiber-containing gypsum board. Are used for each, and a fireproof section with a fireproof time of 1 hour or more (according to JIS A 1304 fireproof test method of building structure part) is configured, and between the outer wall panel 12 and the inner wall panel 13, glass wool or lock is used. It is filled with a heat insulating and sound absorbing material such as wool.

In order to increase the industrial production rate of the building, the building unit 5 having the above structure is manufactured in advance in a factory as a box-shaped product having a transportable size, and then transported to a construction site for construction. , Assembled. Assembling is shown in FIG.
The procedure is as shown in (d). That is, first, the work iron plate 16 is placed on the pre-constructed foundation 15 as shown in FIG. 7A, and the crane vehicle is placed on the work iron plate 16 as shown in FIG. Place 17 Then, the building units 5 are hoisted by a crane and sequentially stacked on one half of the foundation 15. At this time, first, the building unit 5 that constitutes the first floor
(Hereinafter, referred to as first-floor units 5a, 5a, ...) Are installed at a predetermined interval (described later) from each other, and the foundation 15
Is fastened with anchor bolts. Next, the building units (hereinafter, referred to as second floor units 5b, 5b, ...) That constitute the second floor are first floor units 5a, 5 by the crane.
a, ... stacked on top of the second floor unit 5b, 5
The column bases of b, ... And the stigmas of the first-floor units 5a, 5a ,. After this, the building units that make up the third floor (hereinafter, third floor units 5c, 5
c) is stacked on the second-floor units 5b, 5b, ..., and similarly the second-floor units 5b, 5b ,.
To be combined with. Next, as shown in FIG.
The mobile crane 17 is moved to the outside of the foundation 15, and from that location to the other half on the foundation 15, the building unit 5
Are sequentially stacked in the same manner as above, and finally a three-story unit building is completed as shown in FIG.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9, the structures of the unit-to-unit spanning portion and the unit-to-unit joint portion in the three-story unit building completed as described above will be described. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view as seen from the direction of arrows IV-IV in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the pillar assembly portion A of FIG. 4 in an enlarged manner, and FIG. 6 is VI-VI in FIG. FIG. 7 is an enlarged horizontal sectional view of the pillar assembly B of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view of FIG. 4 viewed from the direction of arrow VIII-VIII. FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the pillar assembly portion C of FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner. First, the first-floor unit 5 that is horizontally adjacent
The structure of the crossover portion between a and 5a will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, horizontally adjacent first floor units 5a, 5
The a is arranged such that the girder surface (the surface on the long side) and the girder surface (the surface on the short side) and the girder surface are opposed to each other and are separated from each other in terms of structural strength.

In the column gathering portion A which is enlarged and shown in FIG.
A gap 18 having a width d1 = 60 mm is provided between the pillars 9 and 9 of the first floor units 5a and 5a adjacent to each other in the girder direction, and between the pillars 9 and 9 of the first floor units 5a and 5a adjacent to each other in the wife direction. , A gap 19 having a width d2 = 40 mm is provided. The gaps 18 and 19 are provided as buffer spaces for absorbing the expansion (thermal expansion) of the ceiling girders 7 and 7 at the time of fire, and the ceiling girders 7 and 7 adjacent to each other in the girder direction and the gable direction are provided.
Each other extends from both sides, which prevents the unit building from deforming and collapsing.

In this example, the gaps 18 and 19 are set to 60 mm and 40 mm, respectively, for the following reason. That is, as described above, the girder-side ceiling girders 7, 7
Has a proof stress even at a high temperature of 600 ° C., a thermal expansion coefficient α = 1.45 × at a beam length (span) of 5,562 mm
10 _-5 refractory steel is used. Therefore, assuming that the ceiling girders 7, 7 were heated to 600 ° C by the fire,
One ceiling girder 7 extends 47.566 mm as a whole,
It extends 23.783 mm in one direction. Therefore, the gap 18
There are two ceiling girders 7, 7 from both sides at 23.783 m.
The width d1 of the gap 18 is 47.566 because it extends m.
It is necessary to set it to mm or more. In this example, the gap 18 having a width d1 = 60 mm is provided with some allowance. On the other hand, as the ceiling girders 7, 7 on the gable side, the same kind of refractory steel as the girder side ceiling girders 7, 7 is used except that the beam length (span) is 2,163 mm. With respect to the gable side ceiling girder 7, it is necessary to set the width d2 of the gap 19 to 18.498 mm or more if the same calculation as above is performed. In this example, a gap having a width d2 = 40 mm is provided with some allowance. In addition, pillar 9,
Although the gaps 18 and 19 between 9 are described using the ceiling girders 7 and 7 as an example, the same applies to the floor girders 6 and 6.

In the column gathering portion B shown enlarged in FIG.
At the factory, a fire resistant coating material 20 such as a ceramic fiber having a thickness of 12.5 mm or asbestos calcium silicate is applied to each of the two side surfaces of each pillar 9 facing the inside of the unit, and each first floor unit 5a. , 5a gap 1
The outer surface of 8, 19 is also covered with a fire-resistant coating material 21, so that the four columns 9, 9, ... In this column assembly are completely covered with a fire-resistant coating material, whereby a fire-resistant time of 1 The fireproof performance of more than time (according to JIS A 1304 fireproof test method of building structure part) is secured. Further, an interior base material 22 such as a gypsum board is attached to the outer surfaces of the fireproof coating materials 20 and 21.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, the second floor unit 5
A floor panel 10 is attached to the floor girder 6 of b so that the four circumferential ends are abutted against the inner surface of the web. The floor panel 10 is fixed by hitting a one-side rivet 24 from the outer surface of the web of the floor girder 6 via a floor panel mounting hardware 23 mounted in the beam direction.

The floor girder 6 of the second floor unit 5b has a thickness of 1 from the upper surface of the upper flange to the upper surface of the floor panel 10.
A fire-resistant coating material 25 such as a 2.5 mm ceramic fiber or an asbestos calcium silicate board is applied, and each second floor unit 5b, 5b is replaced with a first floor unit 5 at a construction site.
After installation on a and 5a, the upper surface of the gap between the units is covered with the fireproof coating material 26.

On the other hand, the ceiling girder 7 of the first-floor unit 5a is provided with a fireproof coating material 27 having a substantially L-shaped cross section that covers the lower flange lower surface and the groove opening surface. After the units 5a, 5a are installed on the foundation, the lower surface of the gap between the units is also covered with the fireproof coating material 28. In this way, the two are assembled between the units.
One floor girder 6,6 and two ceiling girders 7,7 are fire-resistant coverings 25,26,27,28 and floor panels 10,1.
With 0, the fireproof coating is carried out collectively, and as a result, the fireproof performance of the fireproof time of 1 hour or more (according to the JIS A 1304 fireproof test method of the building structure part) is secured.

In addition, on the upper surface of the floor panel 10 of the second floor unit 5b, through a large pull 29 such as a particle board,
Floor joists 30, 30, ... Are arranged, and these floor joists 30,
A floor base material 31 such as a particle board is laid on the upper surfaces of 30 ... And the upper surfaces of the fireproof coating materials 25 and 26.

The ceiling girders 7, 7 of the first-floor unit 5a
A ceiling field edge (not shown) is arranged in a direction orthogonal to the ceiling beam girders 8, 8, ... Fireproof coating 2
A ceiling surface material 11 such as a gypsum board is attached to the lower surfaces of the and 28. The structure of the ceiling overpass portion on the first floor and the floor overpass portion on the second floor have been described above, but the structure of the other floor overpass portions is the same, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

Next, the first-floor units 5 vertically adjacent to each other
The joint structure between a and the second floor unit 5b will be described. In the pillar concentrating portion C shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. 9, the upper and lower floor joining bolts 33 are previously fixed to the central portion of the upper surface of the pillar 9 of the first-floor unit 5a, and the diagonal lines of the pillar 9 are provided on both sides thereof. Two guide pins 34, 34 for positioning are fixed. The lower surface of the pillar 9 of the second-floor unit 5b is provided with insertion holes for inserting the upper and lower joint bolts 33 and the two guide pins 34, 34 at positions corresponding to the bolts.

The upper and lower floor joining bolts 33 and the guide pins 34 attached to the pillars 9 of the first floor unit 5a,
34 is inserted even to the pillar 9 of the second floor unit 5b, and the upper and lower floor joining bolts 33 are nut-tightened on the inner surface of the pillar 9 of the second floor unit 5b, so that the pillar 9 of the first floor unit 5a and the pillar 9 of the second floor unit 5b. And are rigidly fixed to each other. The joint structure between the first floor and the second floor has been described above, but the joint structure between the second floor and the third floor is the same, and thus the description thereof is omitted.

Next, the function of the fireproof structure of the building of this embodiment will be described. A fire broke out inside and outside of this three-story unit building, and floor girders 6, 6, of each building unit 5
..., when the ceiling girders 7, 7, ... are exposed to high heat, the floor girders 6, 6, ..., the ceiling girders 7, 7, ... are thermally expanded and stretched in the longitudinal direction. Here, since the gaps 18 and 19 are provided between the columns 9 and 9 of the building units 5 and 5 as described above, the floor girders 6, 6, ..., The ceiling girders 7, 7 ,.
All the elongations of are absorbed in the gaps 18 and 19. Therefore, all the stretch deformations of the beams are processed between the respective building units 5, and the additive accumulation of the stretch between the beams of the adjacent building units 5 does not occur. Therefore, excessive deformation of the building as a whole is not seen, and the yield strength of the building can be sufficiently maintained to prevent the building from collapsing.

Further, since the additional integration of the beam elongation is eliminated as described above, it is not necessary to reduce the area affected by heat during a fire. Therefore, since it is not necessary to partition the interior of the building by the fireproof partition wall as in the conventional art, the room can be widely used. In addition, the range of plans such as floor plans is greatly expanded, so that it is possible to meet diversified needs.

In the above embodiment, the pillar 9 and the floor girder 6,
Since refractory steel is used for the ceiling girder 7, its high temperature strength is higher than that of ordinary steel, and even if it encounters a fire that is expected to be exposed to a flame at a considerably high temperature (about 600 ° C), it is high. Fire resistance performance can be maintained. Further, for that reason, the thickness of the fireproof coating material provided around the pillars 9, the floor girders 6, and the ceiling girders 7 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the drawings, the specific structure is not limited to this embodiment, and the design change and the like without departing from the gist of the present invention. Even this is included in this invention. For example, in the above embodiment, an example of applying the fireproof structure of a building to a three-story unit building is shown, but not limited to a unit building,
It may be applied to a building by a general conventional construction method, or may be applied not only to a three-story building but also to a two-story or four-story building or more. Further, when applied to a unit building, the positions where the gaps 18 and 19 are provided are not limited to between the building units and between the building units, but between the building unit group in which a plurality of building units are connected and the building unit group. May be

In the above embodiment, the building unit 5 is composed of the floor girder 6, the ceiling girder 7, the ceiling girder 8, the pillar 9, and the floor panel 1.
0, the ceiling surface member 11, and the wall panels 12, 13, and 14 are made into a box shape, but a frame structure, a ramen structure, a pin bless structure, or a wall type structure may be used.
In the case of a wall type structure, even if the wall structure is RC construction (reinforced concrete construction), SRC construction (steel frame reinforced concrete construction)
May be

Since each building unit 5 is separated in terms of structural strength, members that do not contribute to structural strength, that is, floor materials, wall materials, ceiling materials (in the case of a ramen structure), etc., are the building units. It may be provided continuously between 5 and 5.

Further, the pillar 9, the floor girder 6, and the ceiling girder 7,
In addition to the square steel pipe and the channel steel, those having an appropriate cross-sectional shape such as H-section steel and I-section steel may be used. Further, ordinary steel materials may be used for the pillars 9, the floor girders 6, and the ceiling girders 7 without using refractory steel materials. However,
In this case, it is necessary to appropriately change the thickness of the fireproof coating material around the columns 9, floor girders 6, and ceiling girders 7 according to the expected temperature and the like.

In the above embodiment, the building unit 5,
Although the gaps 18 and 19 are provided in both the girder direction and the ridge direction between the five, the ridge direction gap 19 may be omitted when the length of the beam is short and the influence of thermal expansion is small. Absent.

In the above embodiment, the length of the beam on the girder side of the building unit 5 is 5,562 mm, the length of the girder side beam is 2,163 mm, and the width d1 of the gap 18 is 60 m.
m, the width d2 of the gap 19 is 40 mm, and this structure is 6
It has been explained that the elongation of the beam is absorbed assuming a high temperature of 00 ° C, but the widths d1 and d2 of the gaps 18 and 19 are described.
Is a dimension that can sufficiently absorb the elongation of the beam, and can be appropriately changed according to the beam length, the expected temperature at the time of a fire, and the like.

[0034]

As described above, in the fireproof structure for a building according to the present invention, since a gap is provided between the skeleton of any span and the adjacent skeleton, the beam will be Even when exposed to high temperatures, the longitudinal expansion caused by thermal expansion of the beam is absorbed by the gap for each span. Therefore, the extension of the beam is not added and accumulated between the adjacent spans, excessive deformation of the entire building can be suppressed, and collapse of the building can be prevented.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a building unit applied to a fireproof structure of a building which is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a unit building.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing a fireproof structure of a building which is an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view as seen from the direction of arrows IV-IV in FIG.

5 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing an enlarged pillar assembly portion A of FIG. 4. FIG.

6 is a horizontal sectional view as seen from the direction of arrows VI-VI in FIG.

7 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing an enlarged pillar assembly B of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view as seen from the direction of arrow VIII-VIII in FIG.

9 is an enlarged vertical sectional view showing a pillar assembly portion C of FIG.

FIG. 10 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional frame structure of a building.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Building unit 6 Floor girder 7 Ceiling girder 9 Pillar 18, 19 Gap

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. In a steel-framed building having a frame made up of beams and columns, a frame having an arbitrary span and a frame having an adjacent span are arranged separately from each other in terms of structural strength. In addition, a fireproof structure for a building, characterized in that a gap that can absorb the extension of the beam at the time of a fire is provided between these frames. 2. A unit building in which a plurality of steel-frame building units, each of which has a box-shaped frame structure composed of beams and columns, are arranged in a row in a horizontal direction and a vertical direction, It is characterized in that adjacent building units are arranged separately from each other in terms of structural strength, and that a gap is provided between these building units that can absorb the extension of the beam during a fire. Fireproof structure of buildings.