JP2996578B2 - Fireproof structure of building - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fire-resistant structure of a building, and more particularly, to a fire-resistant structure of a apartment house, a hospital, a dormitory, and the like, which is suitable for use in a three-story or more large building.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Buildings of three stories or more for use in apartment houses, hospitals, dormitories, etc., must have a fire-resistant structure having a predetermined fire-resistant performance in accordance with the Building Standards Law, and have a predetermined earthquake-resistant structure. Since they must also have performance, many of them are constructed with a steel frame in which columns and beams are joined to a rigid frame structure (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-165629).

[0003] On the other hand, in recent years, fire resistant steel has been developed in which elements such as chromium and molybdenum are included in a steel material in a minute amount so that the strength at high temperatures is significantly increased as compared with conventional steel ("Architect"'93 .6: See pages 39-41). According to this refractory steel, 60
The yield point at 0 ° C is 2/3 or more of the normal temperature specification value, and it is used as a structural material for building such as pillars and beams of refractory buildings (“Building technology” '92 .4: P170
-183).

[0004]

However, when building a three-story or more apartment house using fire-resistant steel,
In the event of a fire, the proof stress at high temperatures is guaranteed, but there is a fear that inconvenient surfaces, which are not present in conventional steel, such as increased thermal deformation of the frame may become apparent. That is, a thick refractory coating material is applied around a beam or a column made of conventional steel so that the temperature does not rise to 350 ° C. or more in the event of a fire. Therefore, as shown in FIG. , 1,... And columns 2, 2,. However, a thin refractory coating material is provided around beams and columns made of refractory steel, which can guarantee the proof stress at a high temperature of 600 ° C., from the viewpoint of taking advantage of the economic and technical advantages of refractory steel. Therefore, the refractory steel beams and columns are further exposed to high heat, and the thermal expansion cannot be ignored. In particular,
In the case of a long building, the thermal expansions that occur in the individual beams (materials) 3, 3, ... and columns (materials) 4, 4, ... are added and integrated,
Eventually, as shown in FIG. 3B, excessive deformation is recognized at the end of the building, and the frame may collapse.

[0005] As described above, if there are many columns and beams that are affected by heat during a fire, the thermal expansion is added and accumulated accordingly. It is necessary to divide the inside of the building with fire-resistant partitions so that the number of columns and beams affected by the heat is minimized. For this reason, there are restrictions on the plan of the floor plan and the like, and there are complaints that the room cannot be used widely.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant structure of a building that can suppress excessive deformation of the whole building even in a fire.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a fire-resistant structure for a building according to claim 1 is provided in a steel-framed building having a frame composed of beams and columns. Horizontally adjacent to any framing section defined by
Any and the frame section which is defined by the span that, together with the separate arrangement with one another on the structural strength, between these building frame sections, it was decided to provide a gap capable of absorbing the extension of the beam at the time of fire.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fire-resistant structure for a building, wherein a plurality of steel-frame-based building units each having a box-shaped frame composed of beams and columns are connected in the horizontal and vertical directions. in consisting unit building phase in the horizontal direction
Any two buildings units Tonariru, as well as arranged separated from each other structural strength, between these building units,
A gap is provided to absorb the elongation of the beam during a fire.

[0009]

[Action] According to the fire-resistant structure of the building of the present invention, horizontal direction
Frame section defined by two arbitrary spans adjacent to each other,
Or any two horizontally adjacent building units are structural
They are separated from each other in terms of proof stress, and a gap is provided between them to allow for the elongation of the beam in the event of a fire. The resulting elongation is absorbed by the gap for each span or building unit . Therefore, the thermal expansion of the beams is not added and accumulated between adjacent spans or between building units , and excessive deformation of the entire building can be suppressed.

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In describing this embodiment, a fireproof structure of a three-story unit building will be described as an example. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a building unit applied to a fire-resistant structure of a building of this example. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a procedure of assembling a plurality of the building units to construct a unit building. FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view schematically showing a three-story unit building in which a plurality of the same building units are horizontally connected and vertically stacked.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, the building unit 5 includes four floor girders 6, 6,.
, And a plurality of ceiling beams 8, 8, ..., which are bridged between the ceiling girders 7, 7 on the girder side (long side), and four pillars 9, 9,
… To form a box-shaped frame, and this frame has a floor panel 1
0, a ceiling panel 11 (see FIG. 8) described later, and wall panels (outer wall panel 12, inner wall panel 13, boundary wall panel 14).
(See Fig. 6)) and tapping screw, stud pin,
It is configured to be attached using connectors such as bolts and one-side rivets. The floor girders 6,6, ... and the ceiling girder 7,7, ... is, 600 ° C. of the interposition steel continue to be maintained even yield strength at high temperatures under (thermal expansion coefficient α = 1.45 × 10 ^-5
In this example, beam members 6, 7,... Having a length of 5,562 mm are provided on the girder side (long side), and lengths are provided on the wife side (short side). 2,163mm beam 6,
7, ... are used. The pillars 9, 9,... Are formed of a square steel pipe (fire-resistant steel) of 125 mm square, which is also assured of high temperature strength, and the ceiling beams 8, 8,. It is formed of a U-shaped normal channel steel.

The above floor panel 10 is made of an ALC (cellular concrete) plate having a thickness of 125 mm, thereby ensuring fire resistance performance of 2 hours or more (according to JIS A 1304 fire resistance test method for building structure). Have been. Out of the above wall panels, the outer wall panel 12 has a thickness of 10 mm.
ALC plate of 0 mm, inner wall panel 13 is a laminated plate of 68 mm total thickness of asbestos calcium silicate plate and gypsum board, and wall panel 14 is a laminated version of 116 mm total thickness of calcium asbestos silicate plate and gypsum board containing glass fiber. Each of these is used to form a fireproof section having a fireproof time of 1 hour or more (according to JIS A 1304 fire test method for building structure), and a glass wool or a lock is provided between the outer wall panel 12 and the inner wall panel 13. It is filled with a heat insulating sound absorbing material such as wool.

The building unit 5 having the above-described structure is produced in a factory in advance as a box having a size capable of being transported, and then transported to a building site to increase the industrial production rate of the building. Is assembled. Assembly is as shown in FIG.
This is performed according to the procedure shown in FIG. That is, first, as shown in FIG. 1A, a work iron plate 16 is placed on a pre-established foundation 15, and as shown in FIG. 17 is arranged. Then, the building units 5 are lifted by a crane, and are sequentially stacked on one half on the foundation 15. At this time, first, the building unit 5 that constitutes the first floor
(Hereinafter referred to as first-floor units 5a, 5a,...) Are installed at a predetermined interval (described later) from each other.
Is fastened with anchor bolts. Next, the building units constituting the second floor (hereinafter referred to as second floor units 5b, 5b,...) Are moved by the crane into the first floor units 5a, 5b.
a, ... are stacked on the upper part of the second floor units 5b, 5
The column bases b,... and the column capitals of the first-floor units 5a, 5a,. Thereafter, the building units constituting the third floor (hereinafter, the third floor units 5c, 5c)
c) are stacked on the second floor units 5b, 5b,..., and similarly, the second floor units 5b, 5b,.
Combined with Next, as shown in FIG.
The crane 17 is moved to the outside of the foundation 15 and from there the building unit 5 is moved to the other half on the foundation 15.
Are sequentially stacked in the same manner as above, and finally a three-story unit building is completed as shown in FIG.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 4 to 9, a description will be given of the structure of a unit-to-unit junction and an inter-unit joint in a three-story unit building completed as described above. 4 is a horizontal cross-sectional view as viewed from the direction of arrows IV-IV in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is an enlarged horizontal cross-sectional view of the column gathering portion A in FIG. 4, and FIG. 6 is a VI-VI in FIG. FIG. 7 is a horizontal cross-sectional view showing the column gathering portion B of FIG. 6 in an enlarged manner, as viewed from the direction of the arrow, FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view as viewed from the direction of the arrow VIII-VIII of FIG. FIG. 9 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the column gathering portion C of FIG. 3 in an enlarged manner. First, the first-floor unit 5 adjacent in the horizontal direction
The structure of the cross section between a and 5a will be described. As shown in FIG. 4, the first-floor units 5a, 5 horizontally adjacent to each other are provided.
a is arranged such that the girder surface (the surface on the long side) and the girder surface, and the wedge surface (the surface on the short side) and the wedge surface are opposed to each other, and are separated from each other in terms of structural strength.

[0015] In the pillar gathering portion A shown in an enlarged scale in FIG.
A gap 18 having a width d1 = 60 mm is provided between the columns 9 and 9 of the first-floor units 5a and 5a adjacent in the girder direction, and between the columns 9 and 9 of the first-floor units 5a and 5a adjacent in the wife direction. And a gap 19 having a width d2 = 40 mm. The gaps 18 and 19 are provided as buffer spaces for absorbing the expansion (thermal expansion) of the ceiling girders 7 and 7 in the event of a fire.
They extend from both sides to prevent the unit building from deforming and collapsing.

In this example, the gaps 18 and 19 are set to 60 mm and 40 mm, respectively, for the following reason. That is, as described above, the girder-side ceiling girders 7, 7
Has a proof stress even at a high temperature of 600 ° C., a beam length (span) of 5,562 mm, and a thermal expansion coefficient α = 1.45 ×
10 ^-5 refractory steel is used. Then, assuming that the ceiling girders 7, 7 were heated to 600 ° C. by the fire,
One ceiling girder 7 extends 47.566 mm as a whole,
It extends 23.783 mm in one direction. Therefore, the gap 18
Has two ceiling girders 7,7 from both sides 23.783m
m, the width d1 of the gap 18 is 47.566.
mm or more. In this example, the gap 18 having a width d1 = 60 mm was provided with some allowance. On the other hand, fireproof steel of the same type as the girder ceiling girders 7, 7 is used as the giant ceiling girders 7, 7, except that the beam length (span) is 2,163 mm. If the same calculation is performed for the ceiling beam 7 on the wife side, the width d2 of the gap 19 needs to be set to 18.498 mm or more. In this example, a gap having a width d2 = 40 mm was provided with some allowance. Although the gaps 18 and 19 between the columns 9 and 9 have been described using the ceiling girders 7 and 7 as an example, the same applies to the floor girders 6 and 6.

In the column assembly B shown in an enlarged scale in FIG.
At the factory, a fire-resistant coating material 20 such as 12.5 mm-thick ceramic fiber or calcium asbestos silicate is applied to two sides facing the unit of each pillar 9 in advance at the factory. , 5a gap 1
The outer surfaces of 8, 19 are also covered with a refractory coating 21, so that the four pillars 9, 9, ... in this column consolidation are completely covered with a refractory coating around the periphery, so that the refractory time 1 Fire resistance performance is secured for more than an hour (according to JIS A 1304 fire resistance test method for building structure). Furthermore, an interior base material 22 such as a gypsum board is stuck on the outer surfaces of these fireproof covering materials 20 and 21.

Further, as shown in FIG.
The floor panel 10 is attached to the floor girder 6 of b in such a manner that the four circumferential ends abut the inner surface of the web. The floor panel 10 is fixed by striking a one-side rivet 24 from the outer surface of the web of the floor girder 6 via a floor panel mounting hardware 23 mounted in the girder direction.

The floor girder 6 of the second floor unit 5b has a thickness of 1 from the upper surface of the upper flange to the upper surface of the floor panel 10.
A refractory coating material 25 such as a 2.5 mm ceramic fiber or a calcium asbestos silicate plate is provided. Further, at the construction site, each second floor unit 5b
After being installed on the a and 5a, the upper surface of the gap between the units is also covered with the refractory coating material 26.

On the other hand, the ceiling girders 7 of the first floor unit 5a are provided with a fireproof covering material 27 having a substantially L-shaped cross section which covers the groove opening from the lower surface of the lower flange. After the units 5a, 5a are installed on the foundation, the lower surface of the gap between the units is also covered with the refractory coating material 28. In this way, 2 gathering between units
The two floor girders 6,6 and the two ceiling girders 7,7 are provided with fireproof coatings 25,26,27,28 and floor panels 10,1.
0, the fireproof coating is performed collectively, thereby ensuring fireproof performance of fireproof time of 1 hour or more (according to JIS A 1304 fire test method for building structure).

The upper surface of the floor panel 10 of the second-floor unit 5b is provided on the upper surface of the floor panel 10 via a large-size pulling machine 29 such as a particle board.
Floor joists 30, 30, ... are provided, and these floor joists 30,
A floor base material 31 such as a particle board is laid on the upper surface of the base material 30 and the upper surfaces of the refractory coating materials 25 and 26.

The ceiling girders 7, 7 of the first floor unit 5a are also provided.
Are arranged on the lower surface of the ceiling beams 8, 8,..., Which are not shown, in a direction orthogonal to the ceiling beams 8, 8,. Fireproof covering material 2
A ceiling panel 11 such as a gypsum board is attached to the lower surfaces of 7, 28. The structure of the first floor and the second floor have been described above, but the structure of the other floors is the same, and the description is omitted.

Next, the first-floor unit 5 adjacent in the vertical direction
The joining structure between the first floor unit a and the second floor unit 5b will be described. In the column gathering portion C shown in an enlarged scale in FIG. 9, upper and lower floor joining bolts 33 are fixed to the center of the upper surface of the column 9 of the first-floor unit 5a in advance. The two guide pins 34 for positioning are fixed. On the lower surface of the pillar 9 of the second-floor unit 5b, insertion holes for inserting the upper and lower floor connection bolts 33 and the two guide pins 34, 34 are respectively formed.

The upper and lower floor joining bolts 33 and the guide pins 34 attached to the columns 9 of the first floor unit 5a
34 is inserted up to the pillar 9 of the second-floor unit 5b, and the upper and lower floor joining bolts 33 are tightened with nuts on the inner surface of the pillar 9 of the second-floor unit 5b, so that the pillar 9 of the first-floor unit 5a and the pillar 9 of the second-floor unit 5b. Are rigidly fixed to each other. The joint structure between the first floor and the second floor has been described above, but the same applies to the joint structure between the second floor and the third floor.

Next, the operation of the fire-resistant structure of the building of this embodiment will be described. A fire broke out inside and outside this three-story unit building, and the floor girders 6, 6,
When the ceiling girders 7, 7, ... are exposed to high heat, the floor girders 6, 6, ..., the ceiling girders 7, 7, ... expand thermally and elongate in the longitudinal direction. Here, since the gaps 18, 19 are provided between the columns 9, 9 of the building units 5, 5, as described above, the floor girders 6, 6, ..., ceiling girders 7, 7, ...
Are all absorbed by the gaps 18 and 19. Therefore, all the elongation deformations of the beams are processed between the building units 5, and no additional accumulation of the elongation between the beams of the adjacent building units 5 occurs. For this reason, excessive deformation of the building as a whole is no longer seen, and the strength of the building can be sufficiently maintained, and the collapse of the building can be prevented.

In addition, since there is no additional accumulation of beam elongation as described above, it is not necessary to reduce the range affected by heat during a fire. Therefore, the interior of the building does not need to be partitioned by the fire-resistant partition walls as in the related art, so that the room can be widely used. In addition, since the range of plans such as floor plans is greatly expanded, it is possible to respond to diversified needs.

In the above embodiment, the pillar 9 and the floor girder 6,
Since fireproof steel is used for the ceiling girders 7, the high temperature strength is higher than that of ordinary steel materials, and even if a fire that is expected to be exposed to a considerably high temperature (approximately 600 ° C.) flame is encountered, the temperature is high. Fire resistance performance can be maintained. For this purpose, the thickness of the fireproof covering material applied around the pillar 9, the floor girders 6, and the ceiling girders 7 can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and changes in design and the like can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention. Even if there is, it is included in the present invention. For example, in the above embodiment, an example in which the fire-resistant structure of a building is applied to a three-story unit building is shown.
The present invention may be applied to a building by a general conventional construction method, and may be applied not only to a three-story building but also to a two-story building or a four-story or more building. Further, when applied to a unit building, the position where the gaps 18 and 19 are provided is not limited to between the building units, but may be between a building unit group in which a plurality of building units are connected. It may be.

In the above embodiment, the building unit 5 is divided into the floor girders 6, the ceiling girders 7, the ceiling girders 8, the columns 9, the floor panels 1
0, the ceiling panel 11, and the wall panels 12, 13, and 14, but the frame type is not limited, and a frame structure, a pin breath structure, or a wall structure may be used.
In the case of a wall type structure, even if the wall structure is RC (reinforced concrete), SRC (steel reinforced concrete)
It may be.

The building units 5 are separated from each other in terms of structural strength, and members that do not contribute to structural strength, that is, floor materials, wall materials, ceiling materials (in the case of a ramen structure), etc. It may be provided continuously between 5 and 5.

The pillar 9, the floor girders 6, and the ceiling girders 7
In addition to a square steel pipe and a channel steel, a steel pipe having an appropriate cross-sectional shape such as an H-beam or an I-beam may be used. Further, ordinary steel materials may be used for the pillars 9, the floor girders 6, and the ceiling girders 7 without using fire-resistant steel materials. However,
In this case, it is necessary to appropriately change the thickness of the fireproof covering material around the pillar 9, the floor girders 6, and the ceiling girders 7 according to the expected temperature and the like.

In the above embodiment, the building units 5,
Although an example is shown in which the gaps 18 and 19 are provided in both the girder direction and the wife direction between the five, the gap 19 in the wife direction may be omitted when the beam length is short and the influence of thermal expansion is small. Absent.

In the above embodiment, the length of the beam on the girder side of the building unit 5 is 5,562 mm, the length of the beam on the wife side is 2,163 mm, and the width d 1 of the gap 18 is 60 m.
m, and the width d2 of the gap 19 is 40 mm.
Assuming that the temperature is as high as 00 ° C., it has been explained that the elongation of the beam is absorbed.
Any size may be used as long as it can sufficiently absorb the elongation of the beam, and can be appropriately changed according to the beam length, the expected temperature at the time of fire, and the like.

[0034]

As described above, in the fire-resistant structure of a building according to the present invention, two arbitrary horizontally adjacent ones are provided.
Building sections defined by spans or horizontally adjacent
Two building units are separated from each other for structural strength.
Since there is a gap between them, even if the beam is exposed to high temperatures in the event of a fire, the longitudinal elongation caused by the thermal expansion of the beam does not affect each span or each building unit.
It is absorbed by the gap for each unit . Therefore, the elongation of the beam is not added and accumulated between the adjacent spans or between the building units , so that excessive deformation of the whole building can be suppressed, and the building can be prevented from collapsing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a building unit applied to a fireproof structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a procedure for constructing a unit building.

FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view showing a fireproof structure of a building according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a horizontal sectional view as viewed from the direction of arrows IV-IV in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a horizontal sectional view showing a column gathering portion A of FIG. 4 in an enlarged manner.

FIG. 6 is a horizontal sectional view as seen from the direction of arrows VI-VI in FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged horizontal cross-sectional view showing a pillar gathering portion B of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view seen from the direction of arrows VIII-VIII in FIG.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of a pillar gathering portion C of FIG. 3;

FIG. 10 is a vertical sectional view showing an example of a frame structure of a conventional building.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Building unit 6 Floor girder 7 Ceiling girder 9 Pillar 18, 19 Clearance

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Fields surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E04B 1/94 E04B 1/348

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A building steel system precursor is is composed of a beam and columns, picture at any span adjacent to any <br/> skeleton compartment and horizontal direction defined in any span Done
And the building sections are separated from each other in terms of structural strength, and a gap capable of absorbing the elongation of the beam in the event of a fire is provided between these building sections. Fireproof structure. Building unit 2. A steel system formed by configuration skeleton into a box shape from the beams and columns, a plurality, in the unit building formed by articulated arranged in horizontal and vertical directions, water
Rights direction Aitonaru any two building units together are disposed separately from each other on the structural strength, between these construction <br/> product units, to absorb the extension of the beam at the time of a fire A fire-resistant structure for a building, characterized in that a gap is provided.