JPH0753627B2 - Composting equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION A. Purpose of the invention Industrial field of application The present invention relates to an apparatus for composting high-moisture organic matter.

Conventional technology and its problems Conventionally, organic sludge and livestock manure have been widely used as raw materials for compost, but their water content is as high as 75 to 85%, and good fermentation conditions cannot be obtained as they are. Therefore, it is necessary to mix the dried product to adjust the water content to around 60%. In this case, it goes without saying that it is necessary to adjust the mixing ratio depending on the amount of water in the raw material and the amount of water in the dried product. On the other hand, a dry matter of 1 to 2 in volume ratio is required.

After adjusting the water content in this way, it is usually fermented for a certain period of time, usually for 20 to 60 days, but since it is deposited and fermented, it requires a large area and the amount of the dry matter mixed for water adjustment and the number of fermentation days are multiplied. Therefore, the composting device becomes very large, the construction cost becomes high, and the cost of compost increases.

In addition, the moisture content of the compost obtained by the conventional composting device is as high as around 40%, and it has a major drawback that it is difficult to spread it on farmland by a machine.

Agricultural problems in Japan today are extremely severe, and it is urgently required to reduce costs, and it is also urgent to make soil with compost.Therefore, there is a strong demand for cost-saving composting and efficient use of machinery to save energy. -ing

The present invention has been made for the purpose of solving the above problems and answering the above-mentioned needs, and is a very compact composting device, which effectively reuses fermentation heat to save energy. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composting device which can be achieved, is low in cost, and has a water content of about 20%, which is excellent in handleability and can obtain compost.

(B) Structure of the invention The structure of the present invention comprises a drying tank and an aging tank, which are connected in series via a conveyor, and the water content is adjusted by adding the same material after drying and reducing the high water content material in the drying tank. Is a device for introducing into the aging tank by the conveyor and aging compost to be dried, wherein the drying tank has a fermentation chamber in the upper stage, a drying chamber in the middle stage, a hot air bed duct in the lower stage, and in the fermentation chamber. Is equipped with a large number of rotatable hot air feeders with fins in multiple stages, the drying chamber is provided with stirring blades,
And to heat the other air through the heat exchanger with the hot and humid air generated in the fermentation chamber and the drying chamber, and to supply the warm air to the warm air supply group and the warm air floor duct. The maturing tank has a maturing tank fermentation chamber in the upper stage, a maturing tank drying room in the middle stage, and a maturing tank warm air duct in the lower stage, and the maturing tank fermentation chamber has a rotatable air supply with a fin plate. A large number of machines are provided in multiple stages, a stirring blade is provided in the maturation tank drying chamber, and a heat exchanger is used for the high temperature multi-chamber air generated in the maturation tank fermentation chamber and the maturation tank drying chamber. A composting device, characterized in that other air is heated through the air, and the heated hot air is supplied to the aging tank warm air floor duct. .

Means for Solving Problems Generally, as a method for composting, the procedure of adjusting water content → primary fermentation → turning back → secondary fermentation → compost (around 40% water content) was carried out. It was dried while fermenting and fermented to obtain a greatly reduced amount of dried material, the raw material was added again to adjust the water content, and then fermented and matured in a maturing tank for further drying.

In this case, 60-80 ° C due to the respiration of microorganisms in the fermentation
Temperature is generated, this energy is used to release water in the heat exchanger to warm other air, which is used for fermentation and drying in the drying tank and only for drying in the aging tank. I decided to do it.

The present invention will be described with reference to the drawings by way of one embodiment.

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the drying tank in FIG. 1 viewed from the side.

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the aging tank in FIG. 1 seen from the side.

As shown in these figures, in the present invention, the drying tank (1) and the aging tank (2) are the dry material charging conveyor (5), the raw material charging conveyor (6), the conveyor (7), and the distribution conveyor (8).
, The raw material tank (3) is above the raw material feeding conveyor (6), and the mixer is below the dry material feeding conveyor (5) and the raw material feeding conveyor (6). (4) is provided.

The drying tank (1) is provided with a charging port (39) for charging a material to be dried and the like, and the fermentation chamber (11) in the upper stage has a plurality of groups of hot air supply devices (16). Is provided.

Each of the warmer feeders (16) is rotatably installed in the form of a pipe and has a fin plate (42) and a hot air outlet (43) on its outer surface.

In addition, a filling screw (18) for filling the contents to the depth of the tank is provided in the upper part of the drying tank (1), that is, in the upper part of the fermentation chamber (11). This drying tank (1) is provided with a drying chamber (12) in the middle of the fermentation chamber (11) at the upper stage, but at the boundary, that is, the fermentation chamber (11).
At the bottom of the, a hot air supply device (16) is provided in the shape of a shelf and serves as a partition. Further, the drying chamber (12) has an agitation blade (17) for promoting drying, and a lower warm air floor duct (13) is provided below the stirring blade (17). The warm air floor duct (13) has a warm air inlet (46) and a take-out screw (14), and the take-out screw (14) is provided with a take-out port (15).

The filling screen (18) is a motor (48), the hot air supply device (16) is a motor (49) (50), and the stirring blade (1
7) is a motor (51), and the take-out screw (14) is a motor (52), which are structured to rotate in a timely manner.

Further, an exhaust port (40) is provided at the upper part of the fermentation chamber (11), an exhaust pipe (44) having an exhaust port (45) is provided in the middle, and an exhaust port (68) is provided at the drying chamber (12). The hot and humid air exhausted from these exhaust ports is collected in the exhaust duct (22), exhausted by the exhaust fan (20) via the heat input part of the heat exchanger (19), and added by the heat exchanger (19). The other heated air passes through its heat output section, and the warm air blower (21) causes the warm air duct (23) to supply the warm air supply unit (16) and the warm air inlet (46) to the warm air floor duct (13). It has been introduced to.

The warm air introduced into the warm air supply unit (16) group has its outlet (4
The warm air introduced from 3) into the fermentation chamber (11) and introduced into the warm air floor duct (13) is blown up from the warm air outlet (47) to the drying chamber (12).

The aging tank (2) has a similar structure to the drying tank (1),
Since the purpose is to make fermented and matured compost, it is necessary to retain the water necessary for fermentation to continue during the ripening period, so hot air is not sent and normal cold air is supplied to suppress drying. It is necessary to promote aerobic fermentation.

Therefore, this maturation tank (2) also has a maturation tank fermentation chamber (2
4), aging tank drying room (25), aging tank hot air floor duct (26)
The filling screw (31), stirring blade (30), aging tank removal screw (27), aging tank outlet (28), heat exchanger (33), etc. are the same as in the drying tank (1). However, although a large number of air supply units (29) are provided in multiple stages,
Instead of hot air, cold air supplied from the air supply blower (32) through the air supply pipe (38) is introduced into this, and is ejected from the ejection port (57) into the maturation tank fermentation chamber (24). It is supposed to do. The air supplier (29) has the fin plate (56) and can be rotated by the motors (64) and (65).

Then, the hot and humid air discharged from the aging tank fermentation chamber (24) and the aging tank drying chamber (25) passes through the exhaust ports (54) (60) and the exhaust duct (37) to generate heat in the heat exchanger (33). The hot air is absorbed and discharged from the exhaust fan (34), while the obtained warm air enters the warm air inlet (61) from the warm air duct (36) by the warm air blower (35) and the aging tank warm air floor duct ( After passing through 26), it is introduced into the aging tank drying chamber (25) from the hot air jet (62).

The drying chamber (12) of the drying tank (1) has a large volume because it is intended to have a large drying capacity.
In the aging tank (2), the number of fermentation days is 2 to 5 times as long and therefore the transfer to the drying chamber is small at one time. Therefore, the aging tank drying chamber (25) is quite small.

Action The present invention has the above-described configuration, and its usage and action will be described.

First, the raw material having a high water content extracted from the raw material tank (3) is charged into the mixer (4) by the raw material charging conveyor (6). Here, if necessary, the drying chamber (12) of the drying tank (1)
The dried material is discharged from the outlet (15) and fed into the mixer (4) by the dried material feeding conveyor (5) to adjust the water content of the raw material.

This raw material is taken out from the mixer (4) and is conveyed to the conveyor (7).
Then, it is charged from the charging port (39) of the drying tank (1) by the distribution conveyor (8). Needless to say, at this time, the input damper (9) is released and the input damper (10) is closed.

Then, the charged raw material is supported by the warm air supply device (16) and accumulated while being filled up to the inside of the fermentation chamber (11) by the filling screw (18).

This sediment rapidly begins to ferment with warm air from the warm air supply device (16). The hot and humid air generated by fermentation is discharged from the exhaust port (40) and the exhaust port (45) of the exhaust pipe (44), passes through the exhaust duct (22), and enters the heat input section of the heat exchanger (19). The air in the output section is heated and discharged by the exhaust fan (20).

The heat exchanger is a heat pipe type and can heat other air at 10 ° C to 60 ° C by hot and humid air at a temperature of 70 ° C.

This warm air is blown by the warm air blower (21) to the warm air duct (2
3) to spout from the spout (43) of the warm air supplier (16) to promote fermentation and drying, and to spout from the spout (47) of the hot air bed duct (13) to promote drying. Of.

The amount of hot air supplied at this time is appropriately 100 to 500 / min per 1 m ³ of sediment, and the larger the amount of warm air blown from the warm air floor duct (13) to the drying chamber (12), the greater the drying capacity.

The material to be dried is fermented in the fermentation chamber (11) to generate heat and evaporate water, and the heat contained in the steam is returned to the heat exchanger (19) and used as a heat source for drying.

Since a part of the material to be dried is decomposed in this process, the number of days of fermentation is shortened, which is advantageous when the material is aged and composted in the maturing tank (2).

The number of days required for fermentation of the material to be dried in the fermentation chamber (11) is the number of days required to generate the amount of heat required for drying, but since air of about 60 ° C is supplied to the material to be dried, even if new raw materials are input. Due to the accelerated fermentation, the time to reach high temperature is significantly shortened, and even if the amount of air supplied is larger than the general amount of air (100 / m ³ ) for composting (100 to 500 above), the fermentation temperature is Since the temperature does not decrease and the temperature is kept at 70 to 80 ° C., the material to be dried dries quickly and the number of fermentation days is considerably shortened.

The material to be dried accumulated in this fermentation chamber (11) for a certain period is about 40 ~
The water content becomes 45%, and a certain amount, for example, an amount equivalent to the input amount per day is rotated by the rotation of the bottom stage of the warm air supply device (16) group by the scraping action of the fin plate (42) so that the drying chamber ( 1
Transferred to 2).

The dried material (water content of about 20%) has previously accumulated in this drying chamber (12), and the material from the fermentation chamber (11) and the accumulated material are mixed by a stirring blade (17) to retain the water content. One part is absorbed by the retentate (average water content is about 30%), which increases the evaporation area of water.

Drying is performed by hot air of about 60 ° C. discharged from the jet port (47) of the warm air floor duct (13) provided below the drying chamber (12), and evaporated water is discharged from the exhaust port (68), The movement of these water contents is promoted by the rotation of the stirring blade (17).

In this way, the moisture content of the material to be dried in the drying room (12) is about 24 hours.
It is dried to 20% or less, reduced to 1/5 in weight and discharged from the outlet (15) at the take-out screw (14). Since it is not composted as it is, it is dried by the dry matter feeding conveyor (5). It is again fed into the mixer (4).

Then, a high water content raw material is mixed from the raw material tank (3), adjusted to a water content of about 60% most suitable for fermentation, taken out from the mixer (4), passed through the conveyors (7) and (8), and then an aging tank ( 2)
Be thrown into. At this time, the input damper (10) is opened and the input damper (9) is closed.

Since the compost raw material charged in the ripening tank (2) is greatly reduced in the drying tank (1), the volume of the aging tank (2) is small and it is economical.

This compost material is aged in the fermentation tank (2
It is necessary to ferment in 4) and the number of days depends on the type of raw material.

The fed compost raw material is supported and accumulated by the air supply device (29) and is filled up to the back by the filling screw (31).

Fermentation of this compost raw material is stopped midway in the drying tank (1) and it can be fermented immediately if the fermentation conditions are adjusted. Therefore, air is supplied from the air supply blower (32) through the air supply pipe (38). The air ejected from the jet (57) of the machine (29) starts aerobic fermentation and accelerates the decomposition of organic substances. The appropriate amount of air at this time is 50 to 100 / min per 1 m ³ of the compost raw material.

In this aging, it is necessary to promote the fermentation while maintaining the water required for the fermentation, and it is prohibited to supply a large amount of warm air as in the drying tank (1).

The heat generated by this fermentation is exhausted along with water vapor (54)
And from the exhaust port (59) of the exhaust pipe (58) through the exhaust duct (37) to enter the heat input part of the heat exchanger (33) to heat the air in the heat output part and release it from the exhaust fan (34). .

On the other hand, the heated warm air is blown by the warm air blower (35) through the warm air duct (36) into the maturation tank warm air floor duct (26) and is ejected from the ejection port (62) of the maturation tank drying chamber. It enters (25) and evaporates the moisture of the aged compost.

The compost fermented and aged in the aging tank fermentation chamber (24) is transferred to the aging tank drying chamber (25) by the scraping action of the fin plate (56) by the rotation of the air supply unit (29) at the lowermost stage. Pre-dried aged compost is accumulated in this drying chamber (25), and the one from the fermentation chamber (24) and the accumulated substance are mixed by the stirring blade (30), and the accumulated substance absorbs water and evaporates. The area increases. These composts are heated by the hot air from the jet port (62) and the evaporated water is discharged from the exhaust port (60).
From the duct (37) to the heat exchanger (33), other air is heated and discharged in the same manner as described above, and the heated other air is circulated to the aging tank hot air duct (26). It is.

In addition, it takes about 24 hours in this maturation tank drying room (25).
The moisture content is 20% or less, and the dry aged compost is taken out as a product from the take-out port (28) by the take-out screw (27).

In the present invention, for example, about 4 m when charged into the drying tank (1)
^The material to be dried (3) is significantly reduced here, and the aged layer (2)
When it is put into the tank, it will be about 0.7 m ³ , and the water content will be greatly reduced from 850 kg to 200 kg.

Therefore, the moisture content of the aged compost is also low and the amount of heat for drying is low, which is about 20% which is the moisture content that can be formed into granules.
It is easy to dry, and the energy saving is achieved by utilizing the heat of fermentation as the heat source for drying.

C. Effect of the Invention The present invention is as described above, and the primary fermentation of a high-moisture raw material is performed to evaporate the water by the fermentation heat to reduce the volume of the compost, thereby reducing the volume of the compost reduction and reducing the size of the composting apparatus. It is possible to reduce the cost.

In addition, excellent energy saving has been achieved by not using other energy for drying, and it has the effect of shortening the number of days required for aging fermentation because it decomposes a part of the organic matter in the process of dry fermentation. Is there.

Further, the obtained compost has a water content of about 20%, can be easily granulated, and can be sprayed on farmland by a machine, which greatly contributes to soil preparation and labor saving.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a system diagram of the device of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the drying tank in FIG. 1 viewed from the side. FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the aging tank in FIG. 1 seen from the side. (1) …… drying tank, (2) …… aging tank, (3) …… raw material tank, (4) …… mixer, (5) …… dry material loading conveyor, (6) …… raw material loading conveyor , (7) …… Conveyor, (8) …… Distribution conveyor, (9) …… Dampers to be dried, (10) …… Dampers to be aged compost,
(11) …… Fermentation chamber, (12) …… Drying chamber, (13) …… Hot air floor duct, (14) …… Extraction screen, (15) …… Extraction port, (16) …… Hot air supply Machine, (17) …… Stirring blade, (1
8) …… Filling screen, (19) …… Heat exchanger, (20)
…… Exhaust fan, (21) …… Warm air blower, (22) ……
Exhaust duct, (23) …… warm air duct, (24) …… aging tank fermentation room, (25) …… aging tank drying room, (26) …… aging tank warm air floor duct, (27) …… aging Tank removal screen, (28)
…… Maturation tank outlet, (29) …… Air supply machine, (30) ……
Stirring blade, (31) …… Filling screw, (32) …… Air supply blower, (33) …… Heat exchanger, (34) …… Exhaust fan, (35) …… Warm air blower, (36)… ... warm air duct,
(37) …… Exhaust duct, (38) …… Air supply pipe, (39) ……
Drying material inlet, (40) …… Fermentation chamber exhaust, (41) ……
Hot air inlet, (42) …… fin plate, (43) …… jet outlet, (4
4) …… Exhaust pipe, (45) …… Exhaust port, (46) …… Hot air inlet, (47) …… Hot air outlet, (48) …… Filling screw motor, (49) (50) ...... Warm air supply motor, (5
1) …… Stirring blade motor, (52) …… Screw removal motor, (53) …… Aged compost input port, (54) …… Fermentation chamber exhaust port, (55) …… Air inlet, (56) ...... The fin plate,
(57) …… jet, (58) …… exhaust pipe, (59) …… exhaust port, (60) …… drying chamber exhaust port, (61) …… warm air inlet,
(62) …… Warm air jet, (63) …… Filling screw motor, (64) (65) …… Air supply motor, (66)…
… Mixing blade motor, (67) …… Aged compost extraction screen motor, (68) …… Exhaust port

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A drying tank and an aging tank are connected via a conveyor, the high water content raw material is dried and reduced in the drying tank, and then the raw material is added to adjust the water content. An apparatus for introducing into the aging tank and aging compost for drying, wherein the drying tank has a fermentation chamber in the upper stage, a drying chamber in the middle stage, a hot air bed duct in the lower stage, and a fin plate in the fermentation chamber. A large number of rotatable hot air feeders are provided in multiple stages, a stirring blade is provided in the drying chamber, and high-temperature and high-humidity air generated in the fermentation chamber and the drying chamber is passed through a heat exchanger. And other air is warmed to supply the warm air to the warm air supply group and the warm air floor duct. The maturing tank includes an upper maturing tank fermentation chamber and a middle maturing tank. There is a hot air floor duct in the drying room at the bottom of the maturing tank, and the maturing tank fermentation chamber is equipped with fin plates. A large number of convertible air feeders are provided in multiple stages, a stirring blade is provided in the maturation tank drying chamber, and the hot and humid air generated in the maturation tank fermentation chamber and the maturation tank drying chamber is used. The other composting device is configured to heat other air through a heat exchanger and supply the heated warm air to the aging tank warm air floor duct.