JPH0750941A - Method for growing plant and device therefor - Google Patents
Method for growing plant and device thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0750941A JPH0750941A JP5200866A JP20086693A JPH0750941A JP H0750941 A JPH0750941 A JP H0750941A JP 5200866 A JP5200866 A JP 5200866A JP 20086693 A JP20086693 A JP 20086693A JP H0750941 A JPH0750941 A JP H0750941A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- plant
- growing
- plants
- growth
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、人工光を有効に利用し
て植物を育成する方法とその装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for growing plants by effectively utilizing artificial light.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】植物の人工光栽培は、育成室内の光エネ
ルギー，温度，炭酸ガス濃度，水耕液の養液組成，酸素
濃度を含めた環境条件を人工的に制御して植物を栽培す
る設備である。植物の育成は、環境条件に大きく左右さ
れるのは周知のとおりであり、植物の成長のためには、
光エネルギーの供給が重要な要件となる。2. Description of the Related Art In the artificial light cultivation of plants, the plants are cultivated by artificially controlling environmental conditions including light energy, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, nutrient solution composition of hydroponic solution, and oxygen concentration in a growing room. Equipment. It is well known that the growth of plants greatly depends on the environmental conditions.
The supply of light energy is an important requirement.
【０００３】植物の人工光栽培では、光エネルギーの安
定供給のため、人工照明が用いられる。人工照明の光源
に要求される性能としては、植物の育成に必要とされる
波長の光を植物に適合した強度で供給することである。
このような要求を満たすためには、一般には、植物の種
類によって異なるが、高圧ナトリウムランプ，水銀ラン
プ，メタルハライドランプ，蛍光灯などを単独又は併用
して或る範囲の波長域をカバーすることが本来好ましい
とされている。In artificial light cultivation of plants, artificial lighting is used for stable supply of light energy. The performance required for a light source of artificial illumination is to supply light having a wavelength required for growing plants with an intensity suitable for the plants.
In order to meet such requirements, it is generally necessary to cover a certain wavelength range by using a high-pressure sodium lamp, a mercury lamp, a metal halide lamp, a fluorescent lamp, etc., alone or in combination, though it depends on the type of plant. It is said that it is originally desirable.
【０００４】ところで、植物の人工光栽培で要求される
ことは、最少のエネルギー消費で最大の収穫をあげるこ
とである。この意味で育成室の容量が大きいことが必ず
しも有利であるとは言えない。育成室の容量が大きけれ
ば大きいほど人工照明具の数を増やさなければならず、
光エネルギーに無駄が生ずる。By the way, what is required for artificial light cultivation of plants is to obtain the maximum yield with the minimum energy consumption. In this sense, it cannot be said that the large capacity of the growing room is necessarily advantageous. The larger the capacity of the growing room, the more artificial lighting must be used,
Light energy is wasted.
【０００５】上記問題を解決した先行例として、特開昭
６２−５５０２８号公報には、植物の成長に応じて天井
板を傾け、植物から人工光源までの間隔を狭めて光エネ
ルギーの低減を図るようにした植物栽培装置が記載され
ている。この装置は、植物の成長にあわせて天井の高い
方へ植物を移動させ、植物と蛍光灯との間隔を成育中常
に接近させて植物が光を有効に受け止めることができる
ようにする、という試みのものである。また、この装置
では、天井板の天井面及び周壁板の内面である周壁面を
光反射率の高い反射板によって構成されている。As a prior art example that solves the above problem, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62550550 discloses that the ceiling plate is tilted according to the growth of plants to narrow the distance from the plants to the artificial light source to reduce the light energy. The plant cultivation device thus configured is described. This device attempts to move the plant to the higher part of the ceiling as the plant grows and keep the plant and the fluorescent lamp close to each other during growth so that the plant can effectively receive the light. belongs to. Further, in this device, the ceiling surface of the ceiling plate and the peripheral wall surface, which is the inner surface of the peripheral wall plate, are configured by a reflection plate having a high light reflectance.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】上記先行例は、要する
に、植物に光源を常に接近させることによって、光の利
用効率を高めようとするものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In the above-mentioned prior art, in short, an attempt is made to improve the utilization efficiency of light by constantly bringing a light source close to a plant.
【０００７】上記先行例において、光の利用高率を高め
るという意味は、単純に光源を植物に接近させるという
意味に用いられたものと思われる。しかし、光利用効率
を高めることの本来の意味は、光源から発した光のでき
るだけ多くを植物に吸収させることでなければならな
い。光源を植物に接近させることは、たしかに直接光が
照射される植物の部分についての光の利用効率が高いと
言えるが、植物が育成室内の空間の大部分を占めて密植
状態か又はそれに近い状態になっているときには、直接
光を受光する部分は植物のごく一部にすぎない場合があ
り、植物の全体について必ずしも光利用効率が高いとい
うわけではない。In the above-mentioned prior art example, the meaning of increasing the utilization rate of light is considered to be used to simply bring the light source closer to the plant. However, the true meaning of increasing the efficiency of light utilization is that the plants should absorb as much of the light emitted from the light source as possible. Although it can be said that bringing the light source close to the plant has high light utilization efficiency for the part of the plant that is directly irradiated with light, the plant occupies most of the space in the growing room, or is close to or close to it. In some cases, the part that directly receives light may be only a small part of the plant, and the light utilization efficiency of the entire plant is not necessarily high.
【０００８】逆に植物の大きさに比して容量が十分に大
きい育成室内で植物を栽培するときに、育成室の内面に
反射板を設けることは、反射光を利用する上に有効では
あるが、反射板間で光が反射を繰り返すことは、光エネ
ルギーが熱エネルギーとなって消費されることであり、
育成室内が明るいことが必ずしも植物への光利用効率が
高いことにはならないが、植物が成長してゆくために必
要な光の強さ（光量）は、植物の品種，成長過程によっ
て定められるべき問題であり、植物の種類，成長過程の
如何に関わらず、一様に光エネルギーを供給すること、
あるいは光利用効率が高いから優れた成長効果が得られ
るというものではない。On the contrary, when a plant is cultivated in a growing room having a capacity sufficiently larger than the size of the plant, it is effective to provide a reflection plate on the inner surface of the growing room in order to utilize reflected light. However, the fact that light is repeatedly reflected between the reflectors means that light energy is consumed as heat energy,
Brightness in the growing room does not necessarily mean high light utilization efficiency for plants, but the intensity of light (light intensity) required for plants to grow should be determined by the variety of plants and the growth process. It is a problem that the light energy is supplied uniformly regardless of the type of plant and the growth process.
Alternatively, the high light utilization efficiency does not mean that an excellent growth effect can be obtained.
【０００９】本発明の目的は、光源の直射光線とその反
射光を有効に利用して植物を育成させる方法とその装置
を提供することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for growing a plant by effectively utilizing the direct rays of a light source and the reflected rays thereof.
【００１０】[0010]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記目的を達成するた
め、本発明による植物育成方法においては、光源の直接
光及び光源の反射光を栽培床上の植物に照射して育成す
る植物育成方法であって、栽培床を含む育成室の内面は
反射面であり、光源を有し、植物の種類，育成状況にあ
わせて少なくとも一部の反射面の有効反射面積を変化さ
せるものである。In order to achieve the above object, the method for growing plants according to the present invention is a method for growing plants by irradiating plants on a cultivation floor with direct light from a light source and reflected light from the light source. The inner surface of the growing room including the cultivation bed is a reflecting surface, has a light source, and changes the effective reflecting area of at least a part of the reflecting surface according to the type of plant and the growing situation.
【００１１】また、本発明による植物育成装置において
は、反射面と、栽培床と、光源とを育成室の区画内に有
する植物育成装置であって、反射面は、育成室の区画内
面に設けられたものであり、少なくとも区画内面一部の
有効反射面積は調整可能であり、栽培床は、区画の底に
設置され、植物を植付けるものであり、上面に反射面を
有し、光源は、栽培床の植物に光線を照射するものであ
る。Further, the plant growing apparatus according to the present invention is a plant growing apparatus having a reflecting surface, a cultivation floor, and a light source in the compartment of the growing chamber, and the reflecting surface is provided on the inner surface of the compartment of the growing chamber. The effective reflection area of at least a part of the inner surface of the compartment is adjustable, the cultivation floor is installed at the bottom of the compartment, plants are planted, has a reflective surface on the top, the light source is , To irradiate the plants on the cultivation floor with light rays.
【００１２】また、育成室の区画内面に設けられた反射
面の一部は、反射膜であり、反射膜は、育成室の内面の
少なくとも一部を覆って区画内の有効反射面積を調整す
るものである。Further, a part of the reflecting surface provided on the inner surface of the compartment of the growing chamber is a reflecting film, and the reflecting film covers at least a part of the inner surface of the growing chamber to adjust the effective reflection area in the compartment. It is a thing.
【００１３】[0013]
【作用】植物の生育には光は必須のものである。その強
さ（光量）については一般的に照度（ルックス）で表し
ている。しかし、光は不足していると成長が遅く、成長
不全が生じ、過剰であっても焼け等の照度障害が生じて
成育によくなく、適正な値が必要となる。その強さ
（量）は植物の種類によって大巾に異なっており、種々
の見解があるが概ね表１のように分類される。[Operation] Light is essential for the growth of plants. The intensity (amount of light) is generally expressed by illuminance (look). However, when the light is insufficient, the growth is slow and growth failure occurs, and even if the light is excessive, the illuminance disorder such as burning occurs and the growth is not good, and an appropriate value is required. The strength (amount) varies greatly depending on the type of plant and there are various views, but they are generally classified as shown in Table 1.
【００１４】[0014]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１５】また、植物の種類のみならず、その成長過
程（播種〜収穫）においても異なっており、植物の人工
光栽培では、成長過程を通し、その適正時期を外さぬよ
う注意して管理することが必要である。Further, not only the type of plant but also the growth process (sowing to harvesting) thereof are different. In artificial light cultivation of plants, care is taken not to miss the appropriate time throughout the growth process. It is necessary.
【００１６】太陽光は強く、１０万ルックス以上に達
し、その光強度は、すべての植物に対し充分であるが、
個々の植物の成長に対する適合性は、天候，地域，時節
に制約される。一方、人工光は、照度は、著しく弱く、
すべての植物に対して充分な必要照度を得ることは難し
い。現状の植物工場では、高圧ナトリウムランプ，メタ
ルハロイドランプや水銀灯を併用してようやく１８，０
００〜２０，０００ルックスを得て低照度，低温度，低
照度，低温度植物を栽培しているに過ぎない。一般に蛍
光灯については、光の弱さ，電力効率等の点から上述の
光源に劣り、植物工場では、殆ど採用されていない。The sunlight is strong and reaches over 100,000 lux and its light intensity is sufficient for all plants,
The suitability of individual plants for growth is constrained by weather, area and time. On the other hand, artificial light has a significantly weak illuminance,
It is difficult to obtain sufficient illuminance required for all plants. At the current plant factory, high pressure sodium lamps, metal halide lamps and mercury lamps were used together at last.
They only grow low light, low temperature, low light, and low temperature plants with a look of 00-20,000. Generally, fluorescent lamps are inferior to the above-mentioned light sources in terms of weakness of light, power efficiency, etc., and are hardly used in plant factories.
【００１７】本発明は、蛍光灯の特性を生かして植物の
成育に可能な方法を見出したことであって、その主な方
法は、反射光の制御によって植物に必要な光を得ること
である。本発明によれば、強照度高温性の植物をも作り
得ることができ、更に驚くべきことに、植物の光補償点
といわれる１５００〜３０００ルックス程度でも充分に
植物を成長させることができたことである。The present invention has found a method capable of growing plants by making the best use of the characteristics of fluorescent lamps, and the main method is to obtain the light required for plants by controlling the reflected light. . INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to produce a plant having intense illuminance and high temperature, and surprisingly, it was possible to sufficiently grow a plant even at about 1500 to 3000 lux, which is said to be a light compensation point of the plant. Is.
【００１８】植物に必要な光は、その種類や成長過程に
おいても異なるため、一定の強さ（量）の光では植物の
必要に応じられない。光の強さを変位させるためには、
光源の光の強さ（量）そのものを変化させることも考え
られるが、その経済性や操作性に無理がある。Since the light required for a plant varies depending on the kind and the growth process thereof, light of a certain intensity (quantity) cannot meet the needs of the plant. To change the intensity of light,
It is possible to change the intensity (amount) of the light from the light source itself, but its economic efficiency and operability are unreasonable.
【００１９】本発明は、基本的に、主光源の強さを変化
させるのではなく、光源の位置を反射光の量を増減させ
ることにより植物に必要な光としたことである。The present invention is basically to change the intensity of the main light source, not to change the intensity of the main light source, but to adjust the position of the light source to increase or decrease the amount of reflected light to obtain the light required for the plant.
【００２０】[0020]
【実施例】以下に本発明の実施例を図によって説明す
る。図１，図２において、育成室１は、正面に開閉扉２
を設けた箱体であり、扉２には透明ガラス３が嵌め込ま
れ、底面，背面及び左右両側面の各内面には反射板４が
取付けられている。あるいは、箱体がステンレス板の鏡
面仕上げのような高反射の鏡面を有する金属板を組立て
たものであってもよい。Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2, the growing room 1 has an opening / closing door 2 on the front.
The transparent glass 3 is fitted into the door 2, and the reflection plate 4 is attached to the inner surface of the bottom surface, the back surface, and the left and right side surfaces. Alternatively, the box body may be an assembly of metal plates having a highly reflective mirror surface such as a mirror-finished stainless steel plate.
【００２１】箱体の底面には、栽培床５が設置されてい
る。栽培床５は、要するに水耕栽培用の水槽であり、水
槽内には養液が満たされ、水槽を施蓋する植物育成板６
の穴に苗を挿入し、その根を水槽内の養液に浸して養分
を吸収させる通常形式のものである。植物育成板６に
は、ステンレスの鏡面仕上げ板あるいは、蒸着金属膜を
付着した樹脂板などの反射面を有する板を用いている。
天井板７は、下面に反射面８を有し、箱体の上底の留具
９に鎖１０で吊され、鎖１０の長さを調整して植物育成
板６からの高さを自由に調整できるようになっている。A cultivation floor 5 is installed on the bottom surface of the box. The cultivating floor 5 is, in short, a water tank for hydroponic cultivation, the tank is filled with a nutrient solution, and the plant growing plate 6 covers the water tank.
This is a normal type in which seedlings are inserted into the holes of and the roots are immersed in the nutrient solution in the aquarium to absorb the nutrients. As the plant growing plate 6, a plate having a reflecting surface such as a mirror-finished stainless steel plate or a resin plate to which a vapor-deposited metal film is attached is used.
The ceiling plate 7 has a reflecting surface 8 on the lower surface, is suspended by a chain 10 on a fastener 9 on the upper bottom of the box body, and the length of the chain 10 is adjusted to freely adjust the height from the plant growing plate 6. It can be adjusted.
【００２２】天井板７の下面には蛍光灯１３を設置す
る。蛍光灯１３は、栽培床５に植付けられた植物Ｐの光
エネルギー供給源であるが、また、植物Ｐの成育状況を
観察する照明灯でもある。A fluorescent lamp 13 is installed on the lower surface of the ceiling plate 7. The fluorescent lamp 13 is a light energy source of the plant P planted on the cultivation floor 5, but is also an illuminating lamp for observing the growth status of the plant P.
【００２３】扉２の上方には、巻胴１１を横架させ、巻
胴１１には、図３のように内面側を反射面とした反射膜
１４を巻付けている。反射膜１４は、巻胴１１に内蔵し
たばね１２の弾性に抗して扉２に沿って吊下げ、透明ガ
ラス３の内面を覆い、育成室１の両側に設けた止具１５
に、反射膜１４の下端の杆１６を引掛けて、反射膜１４
による区画内の有効反射面積を調整するものである。反
射膜１４を巻き上げて扉２のガラス面を開放すれば、区
画内は５面反射となり、反射膜１４を引き下げて扉２の
ガラス全面を覆えば、区画内は６面反射となる。その
間、扉２を覆う反射膜１４の面積の大小によって有効反
射面積が制御される。植物の種類，成育状況にあわせて
有効反射面積を調整する。栽培床５上の植物Ｐには、蛍
光灯１３の発光による直射光と、箱体内壁の反射面から
の反射光とが各面から植物に照射される。A winding cylinder 11 is horizontally mounted above the door 2, and a reflection film 14 having a reflection surface on the inner surface side is wound around the winding cylinder 11 as shown in FIG. The reflection film 14 is hung along the door 2 against the elasticity of the spring 12 built in the winding drum 11, covers the inner surface of the transparent glass 3, and is a stopper 15 provided on both sides of the growing chamber 1.
To the lower end of the reflective film 14 by hooking the rod 16 to the reflective film 14
Is to adjust the effective reflection area in the compartment. If the reflection film 14 is rolled up and the glass surface of the door 2 is opened, the inside of the compartment becomes five-sided reflection, and if the reflection film 14 is pulled down to cover the entire glass surface of the door 2, the inside of the compartment becomes six-sided reflection. Meanwhile, the effective reflection area is controlled by the size of the area of the reflection film 14 that covers the door 2. Adjust the effective reflection area according to the type of plant and the growth situation. The plant P on the cultivation floor 5 is irradiated with the direct light emitted from the fluorescent lamp 13 and the light reflected from the reflection surface of the inner wall of the box from each surface.
【００２４】箱体の容量にもよるが、光源が面又は線状
光源の場合に、植物と光源間の距離が多少増大しても、
拡散による光損失の程度は僅かである。しかし、反射光
は内面の反射面の相互間で反射を繰返して反射面に吸収
されるため、植物への光エネルギー供給量の大小は、専
ら有効反射面積の割合によって制御されることになる。
なお、図においては、箱体内に一区画の育成室１を設け
た例を示しているが、箱体内を上下２段以上に仕切り、
各段を一区画として複数の育成室を設けることができ
る。Depending on the capacity of the box, when the light source is a surface or linear light source, even if the distance between the plant and the light source increases a little,
The degree of light loss due to diffusion is small. However, since the reflected light is repeatedly reflected between the inner reflecting surfaces and is absorbed by the reflecting surfaces, the amount of light energy supplied to the plants is controlled exclusively by the ratio of the effective reflecting area.
Although the figure shows an example in which the growth chamber 1 of one section is provided in the box body, the box body is divided into two or more upper and lower stages,
A plurality of growing chambers can be provided with each stage as one section.
【００２５】（実施例）以下に本発明の実施例を示す。 Ａ．植物育成装置 実施例に用いた育成室は以下のとおりである。 １）構造 断熱密閉式箱型 ２）栽培室 幅Ｗ１２５０ｍｍ×奥行Ｄ４５０ｍｍ×
高さＨ１０００ｍｍ 内壁（６面） 正面 前 ガラス 内部に巻揚げ式の反射膜を取付
けた。 正面 奥 鏡 側面 左 ガラス面にアルミ蒸着のフィルムを張り
付けた。 側面 右 ガラス面にアルミ蒸着のフィルムを張り
付けた。 天井 天井とは別に、ステンレススチール鏡面
仕上板に蛍光灯を取付け、上下動可能に吊下げた。 底 ステンレススチール鏡面仕上板を置いた
（植物育成板は、２０ｍ／ｍφ穴開き板を使用した。） ３）段数 ２段 各段高さ ５０ｃｍ ４）栽培水槽 ステンレススチール製 Ｗ１１００×Ｄ
３４０×Ｈ１００ｍｍ3（上部植物育成板は、鏡面仕
上） ５）光源 蛍光灯 ３波長域発光形 ４０Ｗ １段
につき２本 ６）環境条件の設定 ｉ）制御関係 育成室の温度のみエアコンによ
り制御 ｉｉ）エアポンプ ４．５Ｗ ５リットル／分 ｉｉｉ）ＣＯ2発生器 接触酸化方式 ｉｖ）循環ポンプ イワキ マグネットポンプ ４
リットル／分 ｖ）冷凍機 ３７５Ｗ(Examples) Examples of the present invention will be shown below. A. Plant growing device The growing room used in the examples is as follows. 1) Structure Insulated closed box type 2) Cultivation room Width W1250mm x Depth D450mm x
Height H1000mm Inner wall (6 faces) Front A wind-up type reflective film was attached inside the front glass. The front, the rear mirror, the side, and the aluminum film on the left glass surface. Side A film of aluminum vapor deposition was attached to the right glass surface. Ceiling Separately from the ceiling, a fluorescent lamp was attached to a stainless steel mirror finish plate and suspended vertically. Bottom stainless steel mirror finishing plate was placed (20 m / mφ perforated plate was used for plant growing plate) 3) Number of stages 2 stages Each stage height 50 cm 4) Cultivation water tank Stainless steel W1100 × D
340 × H100mm 3 (The upper plant growing plate is a mirror finish) 5) Light source Fluorescent lamp 3 wavelength range light emitting type 40W 2 pieces per stage 6) Setting environmental conditions i) Control relationship Only temperature of growing room is controlled by air conditioner ii) Air pump 4.5W 5 liter / min iii) CO 2 generator contact oxidation method iv) Circulation pump Iwaki magnet pump 4
L / min v) Refrigerator 375W
【００２６】Ｂ．栽培方法 １）水耕 ｉ）養液循環式 循環ポンプ（１５分毎の間欠運転）の
稼動により下段の水槽より液を上段の水槽へ液を掲げ、
上段の水槽が一杯（規定量）になったら、サイフォンに
より下段の水槽に落下させて戻す。水槽内の水深を１５
〜７０ｍ／ｍの範囲で変動させた。 ｉｉ）空気ＣＯ2吹込 エアポンプにより高濃度のＣＯ2
を含有した空気を養液中に吹込む。 ２）栽培室 ｉ）照射 蛍光灯を取り付けた天井板（鏡面）を上下さ
せ、植物の照射を行う。 ｉｉ）ＣＯ2濃度 炭酸ガス発生器により栽培期間中高
濃度とする。 ３）定植 播種−発芽−育苗（挿木−育苗）により本葉
２〜３枚の頃（挿木は根着いた頃）の苗をウレタンチッ
プに挾み、根が養液に充分漬るように栽培床の孔を通し
て水槽に挿し込む。但し、ハイビスカス，アジサイ等の
挿し木の場合は、鉢と礫を用い、鉢ごと液に浸す礫耕と
した。 ４）成育条件の設定 ｉ）温度 １８〜２３℃ ｉｉ）湿度 ６５〜８５％ ｉｉｉ）栽培室ＣＯ2濃度 ８００〜１２００ｐｐｍ ｉｖ）養液関係 イ）温度 １９〜２１℃ ロ）ｐＨ ７．０〜５．５ ハ）ＥＣ １．０〜１．８（ＥＣ：
電気伝導液＝肥料濃度） ニ）吹込空気中のＣＯ2濃度 ８００〜１２００ｐｐｍ ｖ）光関係 イ）照度 ３０００〜１１０００ル
ックス ロ）照射時間 １６〜２４時間／１日B. Cultivation method 1) Hydroponics i) Nutrient solution circulation type The circulation pump (intermittent operation every 15 minutes) is operated to raise the liquid from the lower water tank to the upper water tank,
When the upper water tank is full (specified amount), drop it back into the lower water tank with a siphon. The depth of water in the tank is 15
It varied in the range of 70 m / m. ii) Air CO 2 blowing High-concentration CO 2 by an air pump
The air containing is blown into the nutrient solution. 2) Cultivation room i) Irradiation The ceiling plate (mirror surface) equipped with a fluorescent lamp is moved up and down to irradiate the plants. ii) CO 2 concentration A high concentration is used during the cultivation period using a carbon dioxide gas generator. 3) Fixed planting Seedling-germination-bredling (cutting-bredling) seedlings around 2-3 leaves (when the cuttings have rooted) are sandwiched in urethane chips and cultivated so that the roots are fully immersed in the nutrient solution. Insert into the aquarium through the hole in the floor. However, in the case of cuttings such as hibiscus and hydrangea, pots and gravel were used, and the pots were soaked in a liquid. 4) Setting of growth conditions i) Temperature 18 to 23 ° C. ii) humidity 65 to 85% iii) cultivation room CO 2 concentration 800～1200Ppm iv) a nutrient fluid relationship b) Temperature 19 to 21 ° C. b) pH 7.0-5 .5 c) EC 1.0 to 1.8 (EC:
Electrically conductive liquid = fertilizer concentration) d) CO 2 concentration in the blown air 800 to 1200 ppm v) Light relations a) Illuminance 3000 to 11000 lux) Irradiation time 16 to 24 hours / day
【００２７】Ｃ．試験の方法 １）方法 以下の１），２）について試験を行った。 ｉ）５面を反射体とし、残りの１面を透過ガラスのまま
としたもの（５面反射） ｉｉ）５面を反射体とし、１面透過ガラスの内面を反射
膜で少なくともその一部を覆ったもの（６面反射） ｉｉｉ）天井板 蛍光灯を取付けた天井板を上下に動か
してその高さを調節した。 ２）検査 ｉ）成育速度 収穫となるまでの期間 ｉｉ）光り障害 成長段階における萎縮，焼け，色素を
観察した。C. Test method 1) Method The following 1) and 2) were tested. i) One in which five surfaces are reflectors and the remaining one surface is transparent glass (five reflection) ii) Five surfaces are reflectors and at least a part of the inner surface of the one-side transparent glass is a reflective film. What was covered (6 reflections) iii) Ceiling board The ceiling board with the fluorescent lamp was moved up and down to adjust its height. 2) Inspection i) Growth rate Period until harvesting ii) Light damage Atrophy, burning, and pigment at the growth stage were observed.
【００２８】Ｄ．成育結果 各種植物の成育結果は、表２のとおりである。D. Growth Results Table 2 shows the growth results of various plants.
【００２９】[0029]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００３０】表２において、青ちしゃ，焼肉レタス，ハ
イビスカス，あじさいについては、植物の成長にあわせ
て成長期間中、植物と蛍光灯との間隔がほぼ一定（１０
ｃｍ、又は３５ｃｍ）になるように天井板の高さを調整
したものである。In Table 2, for green tea, roasted lettuce, hibiscus, and hydrangea, the interval between the plant and the fluorescent lamp was almost constant during the growth period according to the growth of the plant (10
The height of the ceiling plate is adjusted so that the height becomes cm or 35 cm.
【００３１】また、モロヘイヤと、日日草については、
成長初期は、天井板を植物に近付け、成長後期は、植物
より引き離してその高さを制御したものである。Further, regarding Moroheiya and Nikko,
In the early stage of growth, the ceiling plate was brought close to the plant, and in the latter stage of growth, it was separated from the plant to control its height.
【００３２】Ｅ．考察 以上の結果により、あじさいを除いて５面反射の育成室
を用いても十分に成育させることができた。この植物の
成長速度を、変動しやすい自然条件の下での成長速度と
一概に比較することはできないが、一般に考えられてい
る各植物の成長速度の１／２〜１／３である。E. Consideration From the above results, it was possible to grow sufficiently even in a growth chamber with five-sided reflection except for hydrangea. Although the growth rate of this plant cannot be roughly compared with the growth rate under a variable natural condition, it is 1/2 to 1/3 of the generally considered growth rate of each plant.
【００３３】青ちしゃ，焼肉レタスに関しては、６面反
射のときにも光障害が表われていないことから、その成
育には光エネルギーが大きいほど好ましいといえる。他
の植物に関しては、６面反射としたときには、成長途中
に何らかの光障害が表われた。これは、光エネルギーの
供給が大きすぎるためであり、これらの植物には反射光
を減少させる必要があることがわかる。With respect to blue chilo salmon and roasted meat lettuce, it is said that the larger the light energy is, the more preferable for the growth thereof, because the light damage does not appear even when the six-sided reflection occurs. Regarding other plants, some kind of light damage appeared during the growth when the six-sided reflection was used. This is because the light energy supply is too large, indicating that these plants need to reduce the reflected light.
【００３４】特にあじさいに関しては、５面反射でも光
障害が生じており、光源として４０Ｗの蛍光灯２本では
光量が多すぎるという結果になった。With respect to hydrangea, in particular, the optical interference occurred even with five-sided reflection, and the result was that the amount of light was too large with two 40 W fluorescent lamps as light sources.
【００３５】以上実施例においては、箱型の育成室に本
発明を適用した例について説明したが、育成室は必ずし
も箱型に限らず、トンネル式、その他の形式の育成室で
あってもよい。トンネル式の育成室の場合には、トンネ
ル内面を反射面とし、また床土上には、反射面を有する
シート類を敷設し、トンネルの天井より、蛍光灯などを
吊下げ、植物の種類，成育状況にあわせてトンネルシー
トの一部を開いて植物に対する反射光量を調整する要領
は全く同じである。In the above embodiments, an example in which the present invention is applied to a box-shaped growing chamber has been described, but the growing chamber is not necessarily limited to the box type, and may be a tunnel type or another type of growing chamber. . In the case of a tunnel-type growing room, the inner surface of the tunnel is used as a reflective surface, and sheets with a reflective surface are laid on the floor soil, and fluorescent lamps are hung from the ceiling of the tunnel. The procedure for opening part of the tunnel sheet and adjusting the amount of reflected light for plants according to the growth situation is exactly the same.
【００３６】[0036]
【発明の効果】以上のように本発明によるときには、光
源を設置した成育室の区画の反射光量を植物の成長状況
にあわせて調整することにより、植物の成長に適正な光
量を与え、自然環境下に較べて短期間で成長させること
が可能となり、蛍光灯を光エネルギー源に用い、その反
射光量を制御しつつ適正な光量を植物に与えて収穫時機
を制御することができ、また、一定容量で必要により天
井板を上下させ、一部の反射面に反射膜を用いてこれを
開閉するのみのため、成長室で同一品種の複数株の植物
を同一条件で成育させ、すべての株を同一時機に収穫で
きる。本発明は、従来補助光源として使用されていた蛍
光灯のような弱い光の人工光源でよいため、消費電力が
少なく、省エネルギー化に有効である。As described above, according to the present invention, by adjusting the reflected light amount of the section of the growth room in which the light source is installed according to the growth condition of the plant, an appropriate amount of light is given to the growth of the plant, and the natural environment is provided. It is possible to grow in a shorter period of time than below, and it is possible to control the harvest time by giving an appropriate amount of light to plants while controlling the amount of reflected light by using a fluorescent lamp as a light energy source. The ceiling plate is moved up and down if necessary in terms of capacity, and only a part of the reflective surface is opened and closed by using a reflective film, so multiple plants of the same variety are grown in the growth room under the same conditions, and all It can be harvested at the same time. Since the present invention may be an artificial light source of weak light such as a fluorescent lamp that has been conventionally used as an auxiliary light source, it consumes less power and is effective in energy saving.
【００３７】また、本発明装置によれば、箱体一面にガ
ラス扉を設けて内部を透視できるため、成育状況の観察
が容易であり、そのままショーケースとして店頭に陳列
できる効果を有する。Further, according to the apparatus of the present invention, the glass door is provided on the entire surface of the box body so that the inside can be seen through, so that the growth situation can be easily observed and the display case can be directly displayed at the store.
【図１】本発明の一実施例を示す一部断面斜視図であ
る。FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】同断面側面図である。FIG. 2 is a side view of the same section.
【図３】反射膜の取付構造を示す図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a mounting structure of a reflective film.
１ 育成室 ２ 扉 ３ 透明ガラス ４ 反射板 ５ 栽培床 ６ 植物育成板 ７ 天井板 ８ 反射面 ９ 留具 １０ 鎖 １１ 巻胴 １２ ばね １３ 蛍光灯 １４ 反射膜 １５ 止具 １６ 杆 1 Raising Room 2 Door 3 Transparent Glass 4 Reflector 5 Cultivation Floor 6 Plant Raising Board 7 Ceiling Board 8 Reflecting Surface 9 Fastening Tool 10 Chain 11 Winding Body 12 Spring 13 Fluorescent Light 14 Reflective Film 15 Stopper 16 Rod
Claims (3)
上の植物に照射して育成する植物育成方法であって、 栽培床を含む育成室の内面は反射面であり、光源を有
し、 植物の種類，育成状況にあわせて少なくとも一部の反射
面の有効反射面積を変化させることを特徴とする植物育
成方法。1. A plant growing method for irradiating and growing a plant on a cultivation floor with direct light from a light source and reflected light from the light source, wherein an inner surface of a growing room including the cultivation floor is a reflecting surface and has a light source. A method for growing plants, characterized in that the effective reflection area of at least a part of the reflecting surface is changed according to the type of plant and the growing situation.
区画内に有する植物育成装置であって、 反射面は、育成室の区画内面に設けられたものであり、 少なくとも区画内面一部の有効反射面積は調整可能であ
り、 栽培床は、区画の底に設置され、植物を植付けるもので
あり、上面に反射面を有し、 光源は、栽培床の植物に光線を照射するものであること
を特徴とする植物育成装置。2. A plant growing apparatus having a reflecting surface, a cultivation floor, and a light source in a compartment of a growing room, wherein the reflecting surface is provided on the inner surface of the compartment of the growing room, and at least the inner surface of the compartment. Some effective reflection areas are adjustable, the cultivation floor is installed at the bottom of the compartment and is used for planting plants, has a reflective surface on the top surface, and the light source illuminates the plants on the cultivation floor with light rays. A plant growing apparatus characterized by being
一部は、反射膜であり、 反射膜は、育成室の内面の少なくとも一部を覆って区画
内の有効反射面積を調整するものであることを特徴とす
る請求項２に記載の植物育成装置。3. A part of the reflecting surface provided on the inner surface of the compartment of the growing chamber is a reflective film, and the reflective film covers at least a part of the inner surface of the growing chamber to adjust the effective reflection area in the compartment. The plant growing device according to claim 2, which is a thing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20086693A JP3500433B2 (en) | 1993-08-12 | 1993-08-12 | Plant growing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20086693A JP3500433B2 (en) | 1993-08-12 | 1993-08-12 | Plant growing method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0750941A true JPH0750941A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
| JP3500433B2 JP3500433B2 (en) | 2004-02-23 |
Family
ID=16431531
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20086693A Expired - Lifetime JP3500433B2 (en) | 1993-08-12 | 1993-08-12 | Plant growing method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP3500433B2 (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998056236A1 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-12-17 | E.T. Harvest Co., Ltd. | Plant cultivation method and apparatus |
| JP2006296297A (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Centralsun:Kk | Closed type plant cultivation method |
| JP2011160765A (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-25 | Sharp Corp | Illumination controller, illumination controller for plant growth, plant cultivation device, and illumination control method |
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| KR101423127B1 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-07-25 | 지엠지코리아 주식회사 | A hydroponics culture apparatus |
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-
1993
- 1993-08-12 JP JP20086693A patent/JP3500433B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998056236A1 (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-12-17 | E.T. Harvest Co., Ltd. | Plant cultivation method and apparatus |
| JP2006296297A (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Centralsun:Kk | Closed type plant cultivation method |
| JP2011160765A (en) * | 2010-02-15 | 2011-08-25 | Sharp Corp | Illumination controller, illumination controller for plant growth, plant cultivation device, and illumination control method |
| JP2013085502A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2013-05-13 | Chubu Electric Power Co Inc | Corchorus olitorius having intestinal function-regulating action and method for growing the same |
| CN104334009A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2015-02-04 | 富士胶片株式会社 | System for selectively shining circularly polarized light |
| WO2013180045A1 (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | System for selectively shining circularly polarized light |
| JP2013243971A (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2013-12-09 | Fujifilm Corp | System for selectively irradiating specific circularly polarized light to object |
| US9955633B2 (en) | 2012-05-28 | 2018-05-01 | Fujifilm Corporation | System for selective irradiation with circularly polarized light |
| KR101423127B1 (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2014-07-25 | 지엠지코리아 주식회사 | A hydroponics culture apparatus |
| JP2015073511A (en) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-20 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Plant cultivation apparatus |
| JP2015126710A (en) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-09 | 株式会社誠和 | Plant cultivation apparatus |
| CN104067876A (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2014-10-01 | 李人杰 | Plant culture frame |
| JP2016029936A (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-03-07 | 菱機工業株式会社 | Complete artificial light type plant cultivation equipment |
| CN106069372A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-11-09 | 佛山杰致信息科技有限公司 | plant illumination incubator |
| CN107810748A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-20 | 嵩县禾源生态农业有限公司 | A kind of Chinese medicine seedling bed |
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