JPH07506489A - How to improve feed absorption efficiency - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] name of invention How to improve acid absorption efficiency Technical field The present invention relates to techniques for improving feed absorption efficiency, growth, and meat yield of non-species livestock. .

Background technology Competition in the global beef market is driven by the fact that the growth and fattening of animals is a dynamic process. The ever-increasing demands on producers to achieve more efficient acid absorption by I'm looking forward to it. Daily feeding materials account for approximately 70% of the costs associated with anti-feather farms. small increases in feed uptake efficiency, growth rate, and meat production due to changes in feedlot management. It has a large effect on the overall economic profit margin. At the same time, it satisfies various domestic demand preferences. Broader market opportunities exist for producers who can manipulate the characteristics of meat to suit their needs. do.

To date, both qualitative and quantitative aspects of beef production are generally based on traditional mochi ingredients. providing carefully regulated daily food based on This problem has been solved by applying management methods. However, in 1960 From the second half of the decade onwards, it is either protected from degradation in the abomasum or further down the digestive tract. improve wool, meat or milk production by providing proteins and lipids that can be converted into Furthermore, the ratio of fat components in meat is changed, and in particular, the unsaturated fatty acid component of fat is increased. It became known that it was possible to do so.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,507,662 discloses that proteins are produced by cross-linking with natural tannins. Concerns feeding nutrients that are primarily protected from degradation in the rumen. This patent include examples showing that proteins are of course protected, or do not include examples of weight change. stomach.

U.S. Pat. No. 3,541,204 describes biological products such as amino acids, vitamins, and drugs. encapsulates active substances in hydrogenated fat to protect them from degradation in the rumen. related to digitization. According to one example, 10 encapsulated methionine Bulls fed for a week outperformed animals fed an unprotected controlled diet. also showed a large weight gain on the order of 22%. Letting the bull grow and fatten In another related example, feeding encapsulated methionine for more than 30 days Approximately 14% greater weight gain was seen than animals on controlled diets.

Australian Patent No. 402712 discloses that proteins treated with aldehydes or We will explain nutritional supplements that are not broken down in the stomach but are broken down in the abomasum. child The invention relates specifically to increasing wool growth in sheep, but the invention relates specifically to increasing wool growth in sheep, but sheep tended to show 696 to 8% greater weight gain than sheep fed a diet without additives. This is shown by an example.

Australian Patent No. 450530 discloses that the fat is The nutritional ingredients are encapsulated within proteins cross-linked with aldehydes. do. This nutritional supplement is designed to prevent changes in animal meat and milk fat (especially increased unsaturation). , designed to allow for high energy feeding without indigestion. This patent is However, it has not been disclosed whether this nutrient has any effect on growth rate.

More recently, International Patent Application Publication W091105482 describes how protective encapsulation media , relates to anti-separate animal nutrients that are cross-linked using the Maillard brown reaction.

The example given therein is the high polyunsaturation in the fat of animals fed this nutrient. However, there is no mention of the effect on body weight.

Conventional technology has shown that when a protected protein is given or a protected lipid is given, the body Although the emphasis is on weight gain, the results when animals are fed both such materials has not been considered.

The present invention uses nutrients that are protected against ruminal degradation, but does not offers the possibility of achieving feed absorption that significantly exceeds that of Furthermore, the present invention Offers greater freedom to vary the fat/protein ratio of meat to meet market demands. provide The present invention provides controlled amounts of protected proteins and protected lipids simultaneously. should be reasonably expected from past experience in providing such nutrients independently. Synergistic cropping leads to greater feed uptake, growth rate and meat yield increases than can be achieved by It is based on the discovery that it has a practical effect. Moreover, this increase is almost It is certainly of a scale that is economically attractive.

Brief description of the drawing Figure 1 shows the relationship between body weight and meat protein and fat of beef cattle.

Period A is the period of maximum muscle development, i.e., weight gain is achieved through protein production. , a period often referred to as the growth phase. called breakpoint (B) Following the point, even greater growth due to increased fat deposits, i.e. “fleshiness is a stage” There is a rate period (C).

Description of the invention According to the broadest aspect of the invention, improving the growth rate and altering the meat quality of crossbred livestock A method is provided which includes the use of preferred proteins and proteins to achieve the required meatiness. protected protein and protected protein at rates selected to meet energy and energy requirements. It consists of feeding livestock with fat at the same time.

According to another aspect of the invention, a method for improving growth rate and altering meat quality in crossbred livestock. The method provides a method that uses approximately 3:1 to 1:1 during the growing season. From l, thickening step The ratio of protected and unprotected proteins varies from about 1=1 to 1=3 in The method consists of simultaneously feeding livestock with the same amount of lipids.

According to another aspect of the invention, a method for improving growth rate and altering meat quality in crossbred livestock. This method provides substantially the same protein/fat ratio of meat as shown in Figure 1. consisting of simultaneously feeding protected proteins and protected lipids to livestock at a high rate. .

definition In this specification, the term "simultaneously" means feeding within a period of approximately 24 hours. That is, in order to achieve the effects of the present invention, protected proteins and protected lipids are required. It is not essential to introduce both at the same time, but from the abomasum or further down the digestive tract. Through absorption, protein and lipid components are added to the animal's plasma within a specific 24-hour period. Being rich is important.

"Protected" means not fully exposed to the digestive activities of the rumen environment, but with wrinkles. It means that it has been processed so that it can be absorbed in the stomach or further down the digestive route. this As is clear from the discussion of the prior art in the foregoing portion of the specification, a variety of techniques has been developed to achieve such protection. Appropriate technology is the protein mochi material and This makes it possible to precisely control the amount of cross-linking that occurs between adrehydes and changes the amount of adrehyde with respect to its protein content and its amino acid component, thus Although proteins are not optimally protected from rumen degradation, they are fully digested and absorbed in the small intestine. This is achieved by doing so. For purposes of the present invention, the optimal degree of rumen protection is: 5096 to 70%, that is, 50% to 70% of the protein content of the nutritional supplement. or pass through the rumen without deterioration. Similarly, within the cross-linked protein sequence Being encapsulated, dietary fats can be protected from rumen metabolism. , the preferred range of protection is from 65% to 90%, especially when taken from a variety of raw materials. 75% to 90% for fat, i.e. 7506 to 9006 of fat. passes through the rumen without deterioration.

Optimal mode of carrying out the invention In the efficiency of the present invention, a nutritional agent combining a protected protein and a protected lipid It is probably the most practical to feed animals with

Typically, these nutrients are fed at a rate of about 20% of the total feedlot ration; The rate of protected protein and protected lipids depends on the stage of growth and fleshing out. Change. Economically suitable sources of both protein and lipids are probably oilseeds (e.g. , cotton, sunflower, canola); however, animal sources (e.g. casein, It is also reasonable to use proteins and fats derived from tallow, lard); , flexibility in choosing the ingredients of the protein and lipid mixture depending on the price and availability of raw materials. Provides flexibility.

The employed bait may separate or combine the protected proteins and protected lipids. Regardless of whether the growth and/or fleshing is Requires continuous and simultaneous feeding of protected protein and protected lipid. do not have. Clearly, the benefits derived from practicing the invention extend beyond the supply of protected materials. This may be related to the continuity and duration of feeding, as well as the amount fed, but may vary depending on the target market and Specifics of the cattle, including genotype, age, and physiological status, as well as environment (temperature, humidity) ) should also be considered in deciding which feeding principle to adopt. It is.

Therefore, lighter cattle, e.g. For the preferred Australian market, between 90 and 100 days. Feeding the protected protein and protected lipid in a ratio of about 3.1 to about 1:1. Recommended for optimal feed absorption, growth rate, and meat yield. On the other hand, higher Meat containing high amounts of fat and reproducible sensory properties (e.g. texture, aroma) is preferred. In some Asian markets, such as Japan, the more preferred practice is to During the nursery period, as the animal's weight increases from 400 kg to 700 kg, protection Varying the ratio of protected protein to protected lipid from approximately 1:1 to 1:3. That's true. Therefore, the present invention provides a large The practice of the present invention provides a flexible and practical feeding strategy that However, the special effect is that ” It is seen in what is called a bull, that is, a bull weighing 400 kg or more. average In a trial on a Heleford cross bull weighing 470 kg (see example [V]), Feeding protected protein/lipid nutrients during the fleshing stage reduces feed absorption by approximately 20%. This resulted in an increase in dressing rate from 59.7% to 60°706. and, for animals fed high-fat nutrients (Group II+), meat fat The fat content increased by about 10% (the dressing rate The ratio of the weight to the final live weight was reduced by 4% to account for shrinkage).

The provision of protected feed materials according to the invention may also be useful in conjunction with other specific rations or feed ingredients. Although not to be construed as a Provides additional effects. Therefore (see Example V), proteins protected during growth /The meat of animals fed oat concentrate with lipid nutrients is Contains 15% less fat than similar animals fed protected nutrition; There is no visible deterioration in average weight gain or food absorption. This is commercially important This is because oats cost $4 more per ton than barley. 0.00 and due to the growing market interest in low fat content. It's a good thing. Additionally, ionophores such as monensin can be fed to improve food absorption. Widely used in the nursery industry. Protected proteins with ionophores during growth Feeding white matter/lipid nutrients increases the amount of fat in meat without negatively impacting body weight. (4096 minutes) resulting in a dramatic decrease.

The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to specific examples.

Example 1 Preparation of nutritional supplements (a) Protected protein Contains milled sunflower seed flour (38% unrefined protein) In a high-speed mixer, add 0.7 g formaldehyde per 100% crude protein. protected by spraying with 37% (w/v) formaldehyde. Prepared protein. This material then has a 60% resistance to proteolysis in the rumen. The animals are then transferred to a sealed container for 10 days to provide nutrients.

(b) Protected lipids Camera oilseeds are coarsely ground in a hammer mill and ethoxyfin (oil-based) 150 ppm). This material is then watered to purify the slurry. After emulsifying the oil and protein in a colloidal stone mill, it is mixed with Added to increase the solubility of oilseed proteins. Homogenized oilseed protein The quality ingredients are at a ratio of 2.7g formaldehyde per 100g of unpurified protein. , cross-linked with 37% (w/v) formaldehyde to produce a gel; The mixture was dried in a pneumatic dryer at an average hot air temperature of 300°C to complete the reaction. , producing protected lipids that are 85% resistant to ruminal metabolism in vitro.

Example 2: Fifty Helefoord cross bulls with an average weight of 290 kg were taken to five groups of 10. for 133 days and was given the following barley-based concentrate ration: . The results of this trial are shown in the following table.

Group I standard [I III IV V (15%SSλ()15%PSM) 10%PCS 15%PSM 15%PSM+10%PC3+15%PC3 - Japan I stiffness 1.32 1.26 1.32 1.32 1.28 increase (kg ) Feeding/Increase 7.55 7.67 7.03 6.84 6.99 (k g/k g) fleshiness War l, one weight (kg) 247 247 252 257 257 Dre 1 Long rate 55.6 55.5 56.8 57.7 57.6SSλ1・Hima Ground Wari Seed Powder (Unprotected) PSM/Protected Ground Sunflower Seed Powder PC3 = protected camera oilseed In groups IV and ■, protected protein (15% of ration) and protected fat Ohmweight and dressing with feeding quality (10 to 15% of ration) The synergistic effect on the growth rate is clearly shown. Also, food absorption (feeding/increase) There was a 9 to 10% improvement in group IV, i.e. 15% protected This was more evident in the group fed protein and 10% protected lipids. .

Example II+ Either 200 Hereford cross bulls or 100 two bulls with an average weight of 280 kg. They were assigned to groups and given the following barley-based concentrate rations: As a result are shown in the following table.

Group ■Standard l1 15%SSM 15%PSM 0% lipid 0% lipid -day increase (kg) 1.35±0.016 1.49±0.02 Meat characteristics Warm weight (kg) 22+, 8 228.7 Drifting rate 55.6 6　57.0455M・Sunflower seed coarse meal (unprotected) PSM=protected In this trial, sunflower seed meal contained protected protein (15% of the ration) and Daily weight gain and drag of feeding protected lipids (1096 of ration) A synergistic effect on sing rate was shown, with an average daily increase of 1096 There is an increase, and there is a highly significant increase (P<0.05) in meat production.

Example I■.

160 Hereford bulls with an average weight of 470 kg were divided into three groups of 15. were allocated barley (55%)/silage (8o6) ration for 175 days. Given the. The results are shown in the following table.

Group 1 standard [[l11 15%SSM 15%PSM 10%PSMO% Lipid 10%PC3, 15%p cs-day gain (k g) 1.2 + 1.31 1.36 feeding/gain (kg) 9.8 7.6 7.4 Meat characteristics Warm weight (kg) 398 410 406 Drebnon rate 59.7 60.7 60.4 Fat depth mm) 27.6 27.8 31.0 (Pg part) SS1. I = sunflower seed meal (unprotected) PSM = protected sunflower seeds Coarse meal PCS/protected cotton seeds (with skin) Pg site is above the 8th rib Example V: 160 Hereford bulls with an average weight of 292 kg were divided into two groups of 80. 15% protected sunflower seed meal (PSM) and protected Oat or barley concentrate supplemented with 10% cotton seed lipids (PCS) I got it. The results are shown in the following table.

Group I II Oats +! 5% PSIJ Barley + I5% PSM +10% PCS +10 %PC8 -day increase (kg) 1.47 1.57 feeding/increase (kg/kg) 5.9 5.7 Meat characteristics T-Mura Eight (kg) 210 217 Dore 7/Nog rate 55.0 56. 1 fat depth mm) 12.7 15.2 PSM = protected sunflower seeds coarsely ground Powder PCS=Protected Cotton Seed Lipid Nutrient Example v].

20 Helefoord cross bulls with an average weight of 218kg were fed to two groups of 10. with (+) or without (-) monensin at 320 mg/d. ), giving the following oat-based rations supplemented with protected cotton seeds (10%): I got it. The results are shown in the following table.

Group Monensin 1 Oat 11 Oat +15% SSM +15% PSM +10% PCS +10% PCS -day increase (kg) -1,311,59+ 1.44 1.38 Meat characteristics Warm weight (kg) 171 189 + 180 170 Dre 1 nong ratio 52.2 53.2 + 52.5 51.1 Fat depth mm) 9.5 9.8 ('Pg part) + 10.3 4.8 SSM = coarse sunflower seed powder PSM = protected sunflower seed meal pc’s = protected camera oilseed industrial application The present invention uses nutrients that are protected against rumen deterioration, but not previously reported. offers the possibility of achieving food absorption that significantly exceeds that of Furthermore, the present invention Great flexibility to vary the fat/protein ratio of meat to meet field requirements provide. Practice of the invention provides economic benefits independent of animal type However, there is a special effect called [Buy Weight J Bull]. , that is, it is observed in bulls over about 400 kg.

Weight (kg) International search report □□80 PCTIAWU F stomach - 101 mushrooms containing 1'cTAs +yl? 1j210 Re-W International Search Report l-0-1-N.

PCTIALff3#! 13 International Search Report - 1□Aya Fe+vnlTT43A/21 (kll-1-pi replacement 1 "l1uhilva-1- - Pi1 family) [JulyI? ? Continuation of 21 front page (81) Specified times EP (AT, BE, CH, DE.

DK, ES, FR, GB, GR, IE, IT, LU, MC, NL, PT, SE) , 0A (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, ML, MR, NE, SN.

TD, TG), AT, AU, BB, BG, BR, CA.

CH, CZ, DE, DK, ES, FI, GB, HU, JP, KP, KR, KZ, LK, LU, MG, MN, MW, NL, No, NZ, PL, PT, RO, RU, SD.

SE, SK, UA, US, VN (72) Inventor Scott Scott, Trevor William Australia New ・South Wales 2153. Kellyville, Arnold Avenue, 41

Claims (17)

[Claims] 1. protected proteins (as defined above) and protected proteins (as defined above) fat, protein and energy conditions favorable to achieve the required meat characteristics. Feeding livestock simultaneously (as defined above) in proportions selected to meet A method for improving the growth rate and changing the meat quality of domestic livestock. 2. Sources of both protein and lipids are oilseeds (e.g. cotton, sunflower, canola) 2. The method of claim 1. 3. The source of both protein and lipids is animal (e.g. casein, tallow, lard). 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2. 4. Claims 1 to 3 wherein the degree of rumen (protein) protection is in the range of 50 to 70%. The method according to any one of the above. 5. Claims 1 to 4, wherein the degree of rumen (feed fat) protection is in the range of 65 to 90%. The method according to any one of the above. 6. Claims 1 to 5, wherein the degree of rumen (feed fat) protection is in the range of 75 to 90%. The method according to any one of the above. 7. The proportion of protected protein and protected fat depends on the stage of animal growth and fleshing. 7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, selected according to. 8. Protected proteins and protected lipids contribute to optimal feed absorption, growth rate, and meat yield. for about 90 to 100 days at a ratio of about 3:1 to about 1:1. The method described in item 7. 9. Protected proteins and protected lipids are As the weight of the object increases from 400 kg to 700 kg, from about 1:1 to about 1: 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the feeding is performed at a rate of 3:3. 10. Animals are fed a nutritional formula that combines protected proteins and protected lipids. 10. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 11. 11. The nutritional supplement is fed at a rate of about 20% of the total feedlot ration. the method of. 12. Animals are fed oats with protected protein/lipid nutrients during the growth period. 12. A method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a condensate ration is provided. 13. Protected protein/lipid nutrients are supplied with the ionophore during the growth phase. 13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the method is fed as bait. 14. The protected proteins and protected lipids were added to the meat proteins/fats shown in Figure 1. Animal feeding consisting of simultaneously feeding livestock at substantially the same rate as the fat rate. A method to improve the growth rate and change the meat quality of livestock. 15. From about 3:1 to 1:1 during the growth stage to 1:1 to 1 during the fleshing stage :Protected proteins and protected lipids in varying proportions to livestock at the same time. A method for improving the growth rate and changing the meat quality of livestock livestock by feeding them. 16. Meeting favorable protein and energy requirements to achieve the required meat properties a proportion of the protected protein (as defined above) selected to Improves growth rate and changes meat quality of livestock by protecting lipids (such as) A synergistic composition that makes you feel. 17. of livestock livestock fed according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 15. Meat and/or other products.