JPH0750590Y2 - Synchronizer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention mainly relates to a synchronizer (among others, a Warner type) for smoothly changing a gear ratio in an automobile transmission.

[Prior Art] A general structure of a so-called Warner-type synchronizer is shown in FIGS. 7 (a) and 7 (b). The gear 2 and the gear 3 are rotatably attached to the output shaft 1, and the clutch hub 4 is fitted between the gears 2 and 3 via the splines 1a and 4a. In between, clutch gears 5 and 6, block ring 7
8 and sleeve 9 and key 10 are arranged as shown in FIG. That is, first, the clutch gear 5
6 is provided integrally with the gears 2 and 3, and the block rings 7 and 8 are arranged outside the cone portions (tapered surfaces) 5a and 6a, respectively. The sleeve 9 is attached to the outside of the clutch hub 4 via splines 4b and 9a so that it can be shifted in the axial direction by the selector 12. The key 10 is provided inside with two springs 11 for biasing so that the convex portion on the outer circumference contacts the concave portion on the inner circumference of the sleeve 9, and the key 10 is arranged on the clutch hub 4 at a plurality of positions (generally at regular intervals in the circumferential direction). They are respectively mounted in the mounting grooves 4c formed in three places. Since both ends of the key 10 are inserted into the key grooves 7a and 8a of the block rings 7 and 8, the block rings 7 and 8 rotate together with the clutch hub 4 and the sleeve 9. However, the width of the key grooves 7a and 8a is formed wider than the width of the key 10 as shown in FIG.

Selector to change the gear that transmits power to output shaft 1
When the sleeve 9 is shift-operated at 12, the synchronizer of FIG. 7 operates the clutch gear 5 or 6 (always rotates integrally with the gear 2 or 3) and the sleeve 9 (always rotates integrally with the output shaft 1). The speed is synchronized by the action of and meshes. The case where the sleeve 9 is operated to the left in FIG. 9A will be described as an example. In the initial stage when the sleeve 9 is axially (leftwardly) shifted, the key 10 first moves together with the sleeve 9, Connect the block ring 7 to the cone portion 5a of the clutch gear 5.
It is pressed against and the synchronous action by friction is started. At this time, the key 10 moves to the left in FIG.
On the other hand, the block ring 7 is in the circumferential direction (the width direction of the key groove 7a, that is, the vertical direction in FIG. 7B) according to the rotational speed difference between the clutch gear 5 and the sleeve 9.
Force, the tip of the key 10 comes into contact with the corner of the key groove 7a.

Further, when the sleeve 9 is moved, the tips of the splines 9a of the sleeve 9 come into contact with the tips of the teeth 7b of the block ring 7, and the sleeve 9 directly presses the block ring 7 against the clutch gear 5 to enhance the synchronizing action. spline
9a and the tip of the tooth 7b have a sharp inclined surface (not shown for the spline 9a) as shown in FIG. 7B, but since the block ring 7 has the same circumferential force, The sleeve 9 can push the block ring 7 while maintaining contact between these inclined surfaces. At this time, the key 10 resists the force of the spring 11 and the sleeve 9
Is disengaged from the concave portion of the inner periphery of the sleeve and axially displaced from the sleeve 9.

If the rotational speed difference between the sleeve 9 and the clutch gear 5 disappears due to the synchronizing action of the above, the spline 9a of the sleeve 9 moves beyond the tooth 7b of the block ring 7 and smoothly meshes with the tooth 5b of the clutch gear 5. , Gear 2
Power is transmitted to the output shaft 1. At the time point when the synchronization is completed, the circumferential force is not applied to the block ring 7, so that the tooth 7b can no longer hinder the movement of the spline 9a. That is, at this time, the block ring 7 relatively rotates from the above stage, and the tooth 7b is displaced from the spline 9a.

In such a synchronizer, block ring 7
The width (circumferential dimension) of the key grooves 7a and 8a formed in and is larger than the width of the key 10 as described above, because the keys 10 (and the sleeve 9 and the clutch hub 4) are in the above steps and. The block rings 7 and 8 having a fixed positional relationship in the circumferential direction are allowed to relatively rotate in the circumferential direction at the stage of. For example, if the width of the keyway 7a matches that of the key 10, the teeth 7b of the block ring 7
It is impossible to allow the movement of the sleeve 9 by pushing from the tip of the spline 9a of the sleeve 9 in the step (1) and shifting from the spline 9a in the step (2).

However, since the key grooves 7a and 8a are wide, the block rings 7 and 8 have so-called play (that is, looseness) with respect to the sleeve 9, and the key ring 10 and 8 are attached to the key 10 due to vibration and rotation fluctuation during operation. Repeated collisions may cause unpleasant noises or wear. This phenomenon is caused by the block ring irrelevant to the shift operation (that is, the synchronization / meshing of the above items), for example, the block ring 8 on the right side when the sleeve 9 is shifted to the left as in the above example, or the sleeve 9 moves to the seventh position. Both block rings 7 and 8 when in the neutral position (neutral) as shown in FIG.
Occurs about.

Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 1-69919 proposes and discloses, as a synchronizer for eliminating such inconvenience, one in which elastic members are attached to the side surfaces (both end portions) of the key.
By the elastic force of the same member that contacts both sides of the keyway,
The block ring, which is not related to the shift, is held at the central position in the range of the assobi. Note that the action of the block ring related to the shift operation is the same as that described above (see FIG. 7) based on the elastic deformation of the member.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] However, the synchronizer disclosed in the above publication has the following disadvantages in processing the key and the elastic member.

In other words, a) The key used for the synchronizer is usually a small object with an axial length of about 20 mm but a height and width of only about 5 mm, so an opening for attaching an elastic member to this key. Forming a portion, a recess, and a space as a margin for deformation of the same member, together with mounting a small elastic member on the key, requires a considerably special technique and causes a considerable cost increase. B) For a so-called hollow key with an opening etc., it is not possible to expect the strength comparable to that of a solid simple shape key, so in order to compensate for it, the height and width etc. are increased, and eventually the large size of the synchronizer. It will also be forced to change.

The purpose of this invention is to use a key that has a simple shape, high strength and low cost, does not require particularly sophisticated processing technology, and does not cause noise or wear due to play in the key groove of the block ring. Is to provide a Nizer.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention relates to a so-called Warner-type synchronizer, in which a key (also called a synchronizer key or a shifting key) is engaged with a clutch hub and a block ring, and a key groove of the block ring is provided. A spring piece that exerts an elastic force on the block ring in the circumferential direction is attached to a position different from the key and the key groove so that the spring piece is located at the center of the width.

Further, as described in claim 2, a coil spring (so-called shift return spring) that pulls the block ring in the axial direction toward the clutch hub may be mounted at the same position as the spring piece.

[Operation] In the synchronizer of the invention, the spring piece determines the relative position in the circumferential direction of the block ring with respect to the clutch hub based on the elastic force of the spring piece. Therefore, even with respect to the keys mounted on the clutch hub and the sleeve, the position of the block ring does not change in the circumferential direction while the key is not involved in the shift operation, and the key is located at the center of the width of the key groove. The positional relationship is maintained so that collisions do not occur.

Since the force for maintaining the positional relationship between the key and the key groove as described above is nothing but the elastic force of the spring piece, the block ring may be displaced in the circumferential direction with respect to the key in the elastic deformation range of the spring piece. it can. In other words, since the block ring that is involved in the shift operation can move by an amount corresponding to the difference in the width dimension of the key groove and the key, it interferes with the original synchronization / meshing action (-) described above in the synchronizer of the present invention. There is no.

Despite the key and the key groove that directly generate abnormal noise and wear, the synchronizer of the present invention is characterized in that the above spring piece is attached to a place different from the key and the key groove. Therefore, it is not necessary to perform complicated and fine processing on those parts. This means that processing of keys etc.
This is a great advantage in terms of mounting cost and strength of keys and the like. Since the spring piece is independent of the key, it can be easily formed and attached, and the engaging member of the spring piece in the clutch hub and the block ring only needs to be processed so as to have a groove.

In the synchronizer according to claim 2, since the coil spring prevents the block ring irrelevant to the shift operation from being attracted toward the axial direction and toward the clutch hub, the block ring is prevented from coming into contact with the clutch gear. Wear between the ring and clutch gear other than during synchronization and mechanical loss due to friction are avoided. In addition,
A spring having such a function is already known as a shift return spring or the like, but if it is mounted at the same position as the spring piece as in claim 2, it is engaged with both the spring piece and the coil spring. Therefore, the number of parts to be formed on the block ring and the clutch hub is considerably reduced.

[Embodiment] The first embodiment of the synchronizer as the first embodiment of the present invention
Shown in FIGS. The outline of the configuration and function of this synchronizer is as described in [Prior Art] with reference to FIG. 7.

The features of this synchronizer are shown in Fig. 1 (a) and (b).
The spring piece 20 is fixed to the clutch hub 4 and engaged with the block rings 7 and 8 as shown in FIG. The spring pieces 20 are attached at three positions on the outer circumference of the clutch hub 4 at equal intervals (that is, 60 °) from each of the three keys 10 mounted as described above, as shown in FIG.

The trial spring piece 20 is formed integrally with a steel plate and
As shown in the figure, two tongue pieces 20a are extended from the base part to the front and rear, and two leg pieces 20b for positioning are provided on each side. In order to make this mountable, as shown in FIG. 3, a mounting groove 4d is formed on the outer circumference of the clutch hub 4, and a part of the spline 9a is cut out even on the inner circumference of the sleeve 9, and the spring piece In order to engage the tongue piece 20a of 20, the block ring 7 (same for 8 as well. The same applies hereinafter) is provided with a notch 7c as shown in FIG.
The mounting groove 4d formed on the clutch hub 4 is
For convenience of machining, the mounting groove 4c of the key 10 has the same shape and size.

According to the above, the spring piece 20 is attached as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) and (b), and this exerts an elastic force on the block rings 7 and 8 in the circumferential direction. That is, the spring piece 20 is fitted in the mounting groove 4d of the clutch hub 4, is positioned by the leg piece 20b, and is attached so that the direction of the tongue piece 20a is parallel to the axis of the synchronizer. Is in contact with the side surfaces of the cutouts 7c and 8c of the block rings 7 and 8.

Even if the block ring 7 or 8 which is not related to the shift operation is displaced in the circumferential direction (vertical direction in FIG. 1 (b)) with respect to the clutch hub 4 due to vibration or the like, the tongue piece 20a of the spring piece 20 is It is returned by the elastic force, and the positional relationship in the circumferential direction with respect to the clutch hub 4 is always kept substantially constant (the state shown in FIG. 7B). The distance between the mounting groove 4d of the spring piece 20 and the adhesive groove 4c of the key 10 in the clutch hub 4 is as described above.
60 °, but notches 7c / 8c in block ring 7/8
Since the distance between the key groove 7a and the key groove 7a is also 60 °, in the above state, the key 10 is located at the center of the width of the key groove 7a or 8a. In other words, the key 10 and the keyways 7a and 8a do not collide with each other due to the action of the spring piece 20.

It should be noted that since a part of the spline 9a is cut out, the surface pressure and the root stress applied to the splines 4b and 9a are slightly increased, but in the synchronizer of this embodiment, the diameter and the tooth width of the part are increased. There was no need. This is because the splines 4b and 9a have sufficient strength in a normal synchronizer. If there is no margin in strength, for example, the axial lengths of the clutch hub 4 and the sleeve 9 may be extended in accordance with the reduction rate of the number of teeth due to the cutout, and the spline 4b.
The tooth width of 9a should be increased, but the proportion is small, so the size of the synchronizer is extremely small.

Subsequently, a second embodiment of this invention is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.

The illustrated synchronizer has almost the same structure as the synchronizer of the first embodiment, but is different only in the following points. That is, in order to pull the block rings 7'and 8'toward the clutch hub 4, a) As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), coil springs are provided at the same positions as the spring pieces 20 (thus also at three positions). 21) and (b) both ends 21a thereof are engaged with the grooves 7'd and 8'd formed in the block rings 7 ', 8'as shown in FIG. In other words, this synchronizer includes not only the spring piece 20 for urging the block rings 7 and 8 in the circumferential direction, but also the spring spring 21 for urging the block rings 7 and 8 in directions to attract each other in the axial direction.

The spring 21 is aligned with the tongue pieces 20a of the spring piece 20 in the longitudinal direction thereof, and both end portions 21a thereof have the block ring 7 '.
8'is mounted so as to hang along the opposite end faces of 8'and further to the inner peripheral faces thereof, but the grooves 7'd and 8'to which the end portions 21a are fitted.
Since d is formed over the end surfaces and the inner peripheral surfaces of the block rings 7 ', 8', when the block rings 7 ', 8'are brought into contact with the clutch gears 5, 6 for synchronization, the spring 21 Will not be an obstacle.

This synchronizer has the same components as the synchronizer of the first embodiment and can perform the same function, but because of the coil spring 21 described above, the block ring 7'or 8'and the clutch gear 5 or 6 are provided. Useless friction with is avoided. That is, the block ring 7 '・ 8'
However, since it is attracted toward the clutch hub 4 by the elastic force of the spring 21, it does not come into contact with the clutch gears 5 and 6 while it is not involved in the shift operation, and therefore mechanical loss due to wear of the contact surface and frictional resistance there. (Power loss)
Does not occur.

In this embodiment, the mounting groove 4d and the notches 7c and 8c formed for mounting the spring piece 20 are used to
21 is installed, so clutch hub 4 and block ring 7
・ It was possible to suppress an increase in the number of processed parts compared to 8. Therefore, it can be said that it is preferable in terms of processing cost and strength of each member.

Although two embodiments have been introduced above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments in the following points.

a) The number of spring pieces (or coil sprays) to be attached need not be three. However, it is preferable to determine the mounting location in consideration of the weight balance including the key and the key groove and the balance of the action of the spring piece.

b) The spring piece may be fixed to the block ring and engaged with the clutch hub, or may be engaged with both of them, instead of being fixed to the clutch hub and engaged with the block ring as shown in the embodiment. It may be fixed to neither while being combined. Further, instead of integrally engaging with the clutch hub and the block rings on both sides thereof, spring pieces engaging with the clutch hub and the block ring on one side may be used as a set of two bodies.

c) Although related to the above b), the material and shape of the spring piece and the shape of the engaging portion of the clutch hub and the block ring with respect to the spring piece are not limited to those of the embodiment. This is because it is possible to use, for example, a bar-shaped spring piece made of a rubber material as the spring piece.

[Advantages of the Invention] According to the synchronizer of the present invention, it is possible to prevent abnormal noise and wear due to collision between the key and the key groove without costing the key and the key groove without special processing. .

Further, according to the synchronizer of the second aspect, in addition to the above effects, the effects of reducing the wear of the inner surface of the block ring and the mechanical loss can be obtained without increasing the number of processed parts of the clutch hub and the block ring.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 4 relate to the first embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 1 (a) is a side view sectional view showing a main part of the synchronizer, FIG. 1 (b) is a view taken along the line bb of FIG. 1 (a), and FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a spring piece. 3 is a sectional view of the synchronizer as viewed from the front (correctly, a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1A), and FIG. 4 is a block ring taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 1A. It is a front view. 5 and 6 relate to the second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 (a) is a sectional side view of the main part of the synchronizer, and FIG. 5 (b) is b of FIG.
6 is a front view showing the block ring as seen from the arrow VI-VI in FIG. 5 (a). FIG. 7 shows a conventional general synchronizer, in which FIG. 7 (a) is a side sectional view and FIG. 7 (b) is a view taken along the line bb of FIG. 7 (a). 4 ... Clutch hub, 5.6 ... Clutch gear, 7.8
…… Block ring, 7a ・ 8a …… Key groove, 9 …… Sleeve, 10 …… Key, 20 …… Spring piece, 21 …… Coil spring.

Claims (2)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A sleeve, which is provided on a spline on the outer circumference of a clutch hub and is axially shift-operated, and a clutch gear, which is arranged on the same axial center to mesh with the operated sleeve, both of them are provided. A synchronizer equipped with a block ring for synchronizing the rotation speed, and the end of the key mounted between the clutch hub and the sleeve is inserted into a key groove formed in the block ring wider than the width of the key. , The clutch hub and the block ring are engaged, and the spring piece does not exert an elastic force in the circumferential direction on the block ring so that the key is located at the center of the width of the key groove, and the spring piece is separated from the key and the key groove. A synchronizer characterized by being attached to the location. 2. The synchronizer according to claim 1, wherein a coil spring for pulling the block ring axially toward the clutch hub is mounted at the same position as the spring piece.