JPH0747248B2 - Cutter reciprocating mechanism with relief and synchronized driving method for cutter reciprocating mechanism with relief - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief and a synchronized driving method of the mechanism, and in particular, a cutter represented by a gear cutting machine has a central axis of a workpiece. The cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief that reciprocates in the direction and performs machining on the outward path, and the returning path retracts the cutter away from the work.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, for example, a cutter in a cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief in a gear cutting machine exhibits a movement locus as shown in FIG. That is, 2e indicates the reciprocating stroke length of the cutter, and R indicates the relief amount of the cutter. As a structure for obtaining the motion of such a cutter, there is a structure as shown in FIG. 7, for example. To explain the structure with reference to FIG. 7, the cutter head 31 is attached to the machine body (not shown) by a support shaft 32.
The lower part of the cutter head 31 is swingably supported in the left-right direction in the figure through the, and an elastic material (not shown) is interposed between the lower part of the cutter head 31 and the machine body. Ejection is urged to the left.

A roller 33 is provided at the left end of the cutter head 31 in the figure, and a cam 34 corresponding to the roller 33 is provided in the machine body. The cam lift R of the cam 34 corresponds to the relief amount R of the cutter.

A main shaft 35 is fitted in the cutter head 31 in the vertical direction in the drawing. A worm wheel 36 is externally fitted to the main shaft 35. The main shaft 35 is capable of sliding in the worm wheel 36 in the vertical direction, but is not rotatable and is rotated with the rotation of the worm wheel 36. To do.

A cutter 37 is detachably attached to the lower end of the main shaft 35 in the figure. Further, a connecting rod 39 is connected to the upper portion of the main shaft 35 via a spherical bearing 38.

A crankshaft 40 is arranged in a machine body that is above the cutter head 31, and an end portion of the connecting rod 39 is pivotally supported by a crankpin 41 provided on a face plate of the crankshaft 40. The amount of eccentricity between the center of the crankshaft 40 and the center of the crankpin 41 is set to half e of the reciprocating stroke 2e of the cutter. Further, the crankshaft 40 and the camshaft 34A are set to rotate synchronously.

In this conventional example of the above-mentioned configuration, the connecting rod 39 moves up and down with the rotation of the crankshaft 40, the main shaft 35 reciprocates with a stroke 2e in conjunction with this, and the cutter 37 rotates while moving forward. Although the work W located below is shaped, the cutter 37 moves in the direction away from the work W by the amount of the cam lift R along with the rotation of the cam 34 during the backward movement, so that the cutter 37 removes the relief amount R from the work. It escapes and rises.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

In the cutter reciprocating mechanism with relief, (1) since the vertical reciprocating motion of the cutter is performed by the crank mechanism, its speed changes in a sinusoidal curve. Therefore, there is a problem that the cutting speed becomes slower in the upper and lower parts of the work and becomes faster in the middle, and there is a problem that it is not constant. ， The speed is the same on the return trip.

(2) The smaller the relief amount R is, the more advantageous the movement is. However, if the relief amount R is too small, it interferes with the work surface of the workpiece on the return path. The amount of the interference depends on the cutting conditions. There was a problem that the cams with different cam lifts had to be replaced.

(3) Further, the conventional mechanism has a complicated structure.

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, makes the speed of reciprocating motion of the cutter close to a constant with a simple structure, increases the speed in the return path, and the relief amount of the cutter reciprocating can be freely set to the optimum amount. It was developed for the purpose of providing a mechanism.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief typified by a gear cutting machine,
The reciprocating motion of the cutter and the relief motion of the cutter head are operated by the linear motors respectively, and the momentum of the linear motors is fed back from the linear scale to the electronic control unit to maintain the synchronization, and the reciprocating motion and the relief motion of the cutter. The technical means of a cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief characterized by synchronizing and controlling the one-cycle motion of

[Action]

In the present invention having the above structure, the main shaft having the cutter is rotated by a general rotating mechanism. Further, the cutter head is configured to be movable back and forth in the axial direction, the cutter is attached to the tip end of the main shaft, and the armature of the niria motor is connected to the base end.

A lower part of the cutter head is swingably provided on the machine body via a support shaft, and a lower part of the cutter head is connected to an armature of a linear motor arranged on the machine body.

In the above configuration, while the cutter rotates, the linear motor that moves the spindle downward moves down the workpiece to cut the work.When the cutting is completed, the cutter moves away from the work by the linear motor that operates the cutter head. The cutter moves up and returns to its original position due to the linear motor that is operated.

The above operation continues and is automatically controlled.

〔Example〕

 An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part of a cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief showing a first embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an AA line in FIG.
It is a line sectional view. In this embodiment, the embodiment applied to the gear cutting machine is taken as an example, but the detailed view of the gear cutting machine is omitted.

The cutter head 2 of the cutter reciprocating mechanism 1 with a relief is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, and fulcrum pins 3, 3 are coaxially and symmetrically provided on the upper side of the cutter head 2.
A lower part is swingably mounted on a machine body (not shown) via a unit 3.

Inside the cutter head 2, a main shaft 5 inserted through the center of the worm wheel 4 is vertically fitted, and the main shaft 5 has a guide groove 7 formed with a key 6 along an inner hole of the worm wheel 4. When the main shaft 5 is slidable in the longitudinal direction of the worm wheel 4 and is not rotatable by itself, the main shaft 5 is attached to the worm wheel 4.
It rotates in conjunction with the rotation of. However, the worm wheel 4 is provided with a worm 9 connected to the rotating mechanism 8 in mesh with the teeth of the worm wheel 4.

A cutter 11 is attached to a lower end portion of the main shaft 5 in the drawing through a fixture 10.
Is detachably fixed. Reference numeral 12 is a work below the cutter 11 in the drawing.

A spherical bearing 14 is mounted on the upper end of the main shaft 5 in the figure, and a spherical head connecting rod 15 is connected to the spherical bearing 14. Further, a linear motor 17 is arranged above the cutter head 2 via a bracket 16 so as to be located immediately above the spindle 5.

An armature 18 of the linear motor 17 is arranged coaxially with the main shaft 5 so as to be movable in the axial direction, and the ball head connecting rod 15 is attached to the armature 18.

The reciprocable length of the armature 18 is set longer than the reciprocating length l of the cutter 11 shown in FIG. 5, and the actual reciprocating length is appropriately set by the limiting device 25 described later. It

An elastic material 19 is provided between the left side of the cutter head 2 in the drawing and a machine body (not shown).
Is elastically ejected in the escape direction (leftward in the drawing) with respect to the work 12, and the cutter head 2 is configured such that the lower part of the cutter head 2 can be swung in the escape direction by the elastic material 19 around the fulcrum pin 3. .

On the left side of the cutter head 2 in the figure, a contact plate 20 is provided on the opposite side of the elastic material 19, and a linear motor 21 is disposed on the machine body facing the plate 20. .

The armature 22 of the linear motor 21 is constructed so as to be able to move forward and backward in the direction of the contact plate 20, and a roller 24 is rotatably attached to the tip end portion thereof via a roller shaft 23.

Then, the armature 22 is moved rightward in the figure so that the tip of the roller 24 contacts the contact plate 20, and the main shaft 5 is maintained vertically against the elastic material 19. Further, both linear motors 17 and 21 are set as a primitive state in which the upper armature 18 is raised in the figure.

On the other hand, a general NC control device 25 is mounted on the machine body (not shown). The linear motors 17 and 21 are circuit-connected to the NC control device 25.

The connection circuit relationship between the NC control device 25 and the linear motors 17 and 21 is shown in FIG. One controller 26 of N controller 25
Two drivers 27, 27 are connected to, and linear motors 17, 21 and linear scales 28, 28 are connected to each driver 27, 27,
In each of the linear scales 28, 28, feedback circuits 29, 29 are connected to the drivers 27, 27, respectively. Also controller 2
An input mechanism 30 for position, speed, distance, etc. is connected to 6, and this input mechanism 30 inputs and sets the optimum position of the cutter 11 for shaping the work 12, reciprocating speed, relief distance, etc. . For example, FIG. 4 is a control conceptual diagram of the two linear motors 17 and 21, and the input mechanism 30 sets the input according to this. According to this, the conventional speed that changed with a sine curve becomes constant, and the ascending movement process of the cutter that has been machined can be returned quickly by the input value, and time loss is reduced. Can be done. Precision can be maintained with a simple structure with few components.

According to the above configuration, if the drive control value of each mechanism is input and set in advance in the NC control device by the processing part of the work 12, the spindle and the work are automatically rotated,
The main shaft reciprocates by the operation of both linear motors 17 and 21 at regular intervals, and the cutter head makes a relief motion. One cycle of the cutter reciprocating motion and one cycle of the cutter relief motion are accurately synchronized. It is driven and controlled. In the synchronization, the slow speed difference between both linear motors can be freely and easily set within one cycle, so that the backward movement can be canceled and the stroke length due to the difference in the workpieces can be freely set. Therefore, it is possible to save the troublesome work of replacing the mechanical parts as in the conventional case, and it is possible to improve the production efficiency of a large number of small lots.

With such a configuration, by changing the input value in FIG. 4, it is possible to incline the locus of the cutter 11, as shown in FIG. 5, that is, the tapered surface of the work 12 having the tapered tooth portion T. Processing can also be simplified. In addition, an example in which a direct-acting electric motor using a numerical control technique is used instead of the crank mechanism, and two crank mechanisms as shown in, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-10766 are used by synchronizing the control. It can also be applied to.

〔The invention's effect〕

The present invention configured as described above has the following excellent effects.

(1) Since the reciprocating motion and the relief motion of the cutter are operated by two linear motors and the control device can freely set and control the operation amount, the returning speed can be increased to reduce the time loss. Can be
This has the effect of improving production efficiency on continuous processing.

(2) Since the electronic and numerical control can be performed, the reciprocating distance of the cutter can be quickly set according to the size of the work, and other parts are not required, so that the preparation time can be reduced. This has the effect of being able to adapt to the needs for continuous processing of small lots and a wide variety of products.

(3) Since it is electrically controlled, there is an effect that processing accuracy can be maintained high.

(4) By changing the input value of the numerical control, the cutter can be reciprocated in an inclined manner, which has the effect of facilitating the machining of the tapered surface of the workpiece.

(5) Since the vertical reciprocating motion of the cutter does not draw a sinusoidal curve by the crank mechanism, the cutting speed of the work can be made constant, the machining accuracy can be improved, and the speed of the return path can be increased to waste unnecessary time. There is an effect that the machining efficiency can be improved by shortening

[Brief description of drawings]

The drawings relate to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an essential part of a cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief, and FIG. 2 is an A in FIG.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A, Fig. 3 is a block diagram of a control-related block of a linear motor, Fig. 4 is a timing chart of reciprocating motion and relief motion of a cutter, Fig. 5 is a locus diagram of the cutter, and Fig. 6 is a conventional relief. FIG. 7 is a cutter locus diagram of the attached cutter reciprocating mechanism, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of essential parts of the conventional cutter attached reciprocating mechanism. 1 ... cutter reciprocating mechanism with relief, 2 ... cutter head, 3 ... fulcrum pin, 4 ... worm wheel, 5 ... spindle, 6 ... key, 7 ... guide groove, 8 ... rotating mechanism, 9
…… Worm, 11 …… Cutter, 12 …… Workpiece, 14 …… Spherical bearing, 15 …… Spherical head connecting rod, 16 …… Bracket, 17,21
...... Linear motor, 18,22 ...... Armature, 19 ...... Elastic material, 24 …… Roller, 25 …… NC control device, 26 …… Controller, 27 …… Driver, 28 …… Linear scale, 29 …… Feedback circuit, 30 …… input mechanism, T …… taper tooth.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief, represented by a gear cutting machine, wherein the reciprocating motion of a spindle having a cutter and the relief motion of a cutter head are actuated by different linear motors, respectively. The cutter reciprocating mechanism with relief, characterized in that the reciprocating motion of the cutter is controlled by synchronizing it with a reciprocating motion of the cutter and a relief motion. 2. A cutter reciprocating mechanism with relief, wherein a reciprocating motion of a main shaft having a cutter and a relief motion of a cutter head are operated by different linear motors, and both linear motors are connected to an NC controller. A cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief, characterized in that the movements of both linear motors are synchronized by numerical control. 3. A cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief as represented by a gear cutting machine, wherein the reciprocating motion of a spindle having a cutter and the relief motion of the cutter are actuated by separate linear motors, and the reciprocating motion and the relief are also performed. A method for synchronizing drive of a cutter reciprocating mechanism with a relief, characterized in that one cycle of movement is synchronized and the momentum of a linear motor is fed back to an electronic control unit for control.