JPH0746809A - Reluctance motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To restrain ripples and vibrations by a method wherein first two opposite salient poles and second two opposite salient poles out of four salient poles for a rotor are arranged and installed in such a way that phases in their directions of rotation are changed. CONSTITUTION:In two sets of three-phase armature coils, 24 slots 3a, 3b,..., 3x are arranged and installed at equal separation intervals on the inner circumferential face of a fixed armature 3. On the other hand, four salient poles 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d in a width of 150 deg. each (electrical angle) are arranged and installed alternately on the outer circumferential face of a rotor 1 at three separation intervals and in widths of four separation intervals of the slots 3a, 3b,..., 3x for the fixed armature 3. Then, energization whose phase difference is at 1/2 or 1/3 of the slot separation intervals is made for the armature coils of two phases. Then, the relative positions of the slots 3a, 3b,..., 3x are shifted by 1/2 of their separation intervals by tip ends 1A and 1C as well as 1b and 1D in the directions of rotation of the salient poles 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, and torque ripples are offset.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a reluctance motor used as a drive source for a rotary shaft of a machine tool, a compressor, an electric vehicle, etc., and more particularly to a reluctance motor having reduced torque ripple and vibration.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A conventional reluctance motor has a fixed armature in which 24 slots are arranged on the inner peripheral surface at equal spacing angles, and four salient poles on the outer peripheral surface at equal salient pole width angles and spacing angles. It was composed of a rotor arranged.

[0003]

Therefore, since the tips of the four salient poles provided in the rotor in the rotational direction and the central position of the slot provided in the armature are simultaneously opposed by the rotation of the rotor, at this time, Since the torque is minimized and the tips of the four salient poles in the rotation direction and the central position of the clearance angle of the slot are simultaneously opposed to each other, the torque is maximized at this time. for that reason,
It has the drawback of generating large torque ripple and vibration.

[0004]

In a reluctance motor of three-phase double-wave conduction having two sets of three-phase armature coils, each armature coil of the first set is connected to the first, second, and third phases. Each armature coil of the second set is referred to as an armature coil .
When referred to as the first, second, and third phase armature coils, they are arranged at equal spacing angles on the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic body fixed armature.
Four slots, a coil wound around the first and fourth slots, and a first phase armature coil in which coils wound around the thirteenth and sixteenth slots are connected in series or in parallel, The first phase armature coil in which the coils wound in the third and sixth slots and the coils wound in the fifteenth and eighteenth slots are connected in series or in parallel, and the fifth and eighth A coil wound in the slot and a second phase armature coil in which coils wound in the 17th and 20th slots are connected in series or in parallel, and wound in the 7th and 10th slots. an armature coil of the second phase of connecting the wound coils in the coil and 19 th and 22 th slots series or in parallel, a wound coils in ninth and 12th slots Third connecting a 21-th and wound a coil 24 th slot each time series or in parallel
Phase 1 armature coils, coils wound in slots 11 and 14 and coils wound in slots 23 and 2 are connected in series or in parallel .
The three- phase armature coil and the four salient poles, which are arranged to face each other on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor, are alternately spaced by the widths of the spacing angles of the three slots and the spacing angles of the four slots. And have.

[0005]

In the reluctance motor of the present invention, the first two salient poles of the four salient poles of the rotor and the second opposing two poles of the four salient poles of the rotor are overlapped so that the maximum and minimum positions of the torque ripple overlap.
Since the salient poles are arranged by changing the phase in the rotation direction, torque ripple and vibration are eliminated. Moreover, since all the salient poles of the rotor constantly generate torque, a large torque can be obtained.

[0006]

Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a fixed armature and a rotor of a three-phase dual-wave reluctance motor, and FIG. 2 is a development view of FIG. 1 and a position detection rotor. Subsequent angle displays are displayed in electrical angles. In FIG. 1, 24 slots 3a, 3b, ... 3w, 3x are arranged on the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature 3 made of a magnetic material at equal intervals. The coil 5a wound around the first slot 3a and the fourth slot 3d and the coil 5d wound around the thirteenth slot 3m and the 16th slot 3p are connected in series to form a first phase armature. The coil 7a is formed. The coil 5g wound in the third slot 3c and the sixth slot 3f and the coil 5j wound in the fifteenth slot 1o and the eighteenth slot 3r are connected in series to form a first phase armature. The coil 7d is formed.

The coil 5b wound around the fifth slot 3e and the eighth slot 3h and the coil 5e wound around the 17th slot 3q and the 20th slot 3t.
Are connected in series to form a second phase armature coil 7b. Coil 5h wound around the seventh slot 3g and the tenth slot 3j, and coil 5k wound around the 19th slot 3s and the 22nd slot 3v.
Are connected in series to form a second phase armature coil 7e.

The coil 5c wound around the ninth slot 3i and the twelfth slot 3l and the coil 5 wound around the 21st slot 3u and the 24th slot 3x.
f is connected in series to form a third phase armature coil 7c. The coil 5i wound around the 11th slot 3k and the 14th slot 3n, and the coil 5 wound around the 23rd slot 3w and the 2nd slot 3b.
l is connected in series to form a third- phase armature coil 7f.

A magnetic rotor 1 is provided inside the fixed armature 3 with a gap therebetween. On the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 1, four salient poles 1a, 1b, 1 each having a width of 150 degrees are provided.
c and 1d are three separation angles 1e (180) of slots 3a, 3b, ... 3w, 3x arranged in the fixed armature 3
Degree) and the width of the four separation angles 1f (240 degrees) are alternately arranged.

The outer periphery of the fixed armature 3 is fixed to a cylindrical frame body 4, and the center of the rotor 1 has bearings (not shown) mounted on brackets (not shown) provided at both ends of the frame body 4. It is fixed to a shaft 2 which is rotatably supported via a shaft. The derivation terminals of the armature coils 7a and 7d of the first and first phases in FIG. 2 are symbols 6a, 6g and 6d, 6j, and the derivation of the armature coils 7b and 7e of the second and second phases. The terminals are designated by the symbols 6b, 6h and 6e, 6k, and the third and third
The derivation terminals of the armature coils 7c and 7f of the phase are symbol 6
c, 6i and 6f, 6l. The polarities of the magnetic poles magnetized by the armature coil are magnetized so that the magnetic poles located at axially symmetrical positions in FIG. 2 have different polarities. The arrow R in FIGS. 1 and 2 indicates the rotor 1 and the position detection rotor 15.
Is the positive rotation direction of.

Next, a mechanism for detecting the relative positions of the slots 3a, 3b, ... Of the fixed armature 3 of the reluctance motor of FIGS. 1 and 2 and the salient poles 1a, 1b ,. The symbol 15 in FIG. 2 indicates the salient pole 1 of the rotor 1.
It is a position detection rotor that indicates the rotational positions of a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, and is fixed to the rotary shaft 2 in the vicinity of the rotor 1. The position detection rotor 15 is made of a metal electric conductor such as aluminum, and has the same number of protrusions 15a, 15b, 15c and 15d as the number of salient poles of the rotor 1 on the outer periphery thereof. The width of the protrusions 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d is 120 degrees, and the protrusions are alternately 210 degrees and 270 degrees.
(The spacing angle of 3.5 slots and 4.5 slots) are spaced apart. A bracket (not shown) fixed to the frame body 4 of FIG. 1 has a small-diameter flat coil 17 serving as a position detecting element.
17f is placed and the coil surface has a protrusion 15
It faces a, 15b, 15c, and 15d through a space.

The drive means of the reluctance motor of the present invention constructed as above will be described. FIG. 3 shows FIG.
FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of an energization control circuit for driving the reluctance electric motor of dual-phase wave energization shown in FIG. 2. Figure 3
In FIG. 2, the first, second, third and first, second,
Armature coils 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d of the third phase,
Positive electrode side switching elements 10a, 10b, 10c and 10d, 10e, 10f connected in parallel to the DC power supply positive electrode side terminals 12a of 7e and 7f are provided, and a negative electrode connected in parallel to the DC power supply negative electrode side terminal 12b. Side switching elements 10g, 10h, 10i and 10j, 10
k, 10l are provided.

A diode 8h is reversely connected between a connection point between the first phase armature coil 7a and the first negative side switching element 10g and a DC power source positive side terminal of the first positive side switching element 10a. Second phase armature coil 7
The diode 8j is connected in the reverse direction between the connection point between b and the second negative side switching element 10h and the DC power source positive side terminal of the second positive side switching element 10b, and the third phase armature coil 7c and the third phase armature coil 7c are connected. Negative side switching element 10 of 3
The diode 8l is reversely connected between the connection point of i and the DC power supply positive side terminal of the third positive side switching element 10c.

The first phase armature coil 7a and the first phase armature coil 7a
The diode 8g is connected between the connection point of the static pole side switching element 10a and the DC power source negative electrode 12b, and the second phase armature coil 7b and the second positive side switching element 10 are connected.
A diode 8i is provided between the connection point of b and the DC power supply negative electrode 12b.
Is connected, and the connection point between the armature coil 7c of the third phase and the third positive side switching element 10c and the DC power source negative electrode 12 are connected.
The diode 8k is connected between b.

Capacitors 9a, 9b, 9 are provided between the DC power source positive side terminal of each of the first, second and third positive side switching elements 10a, 10b, 10c and the DC power source positive electrode 12a.
c and diodes 8a, 8b and 8c connected in the forward direction are connected in parallel. The first, as in the second, armature coils 7d of the third phase, 7e, the conduction control circuit 7f is the first, second, third phase armature coils 7a, 7b, 7c Therefore, the description is omitted.

Next, a means for obtaining the position detection signal and the energization signal from the position detection rotor 15 and the coils 17a, 17b, ... Of the position detection element will be described. In FIG. 4, the coil 17a,
17b, ..., A circuit for obtaining a position detection signal is shown. In FIG. 4, the coils 17a, 17b, ...
The resistors 16a, 16b, ... Become a bridge circuit, and the coils 17a, 17b ,.
It is adjusted so as to be in equilibrium when it is not opposed to c and 15d. Therefore, the outputs of the low-pass filter composed of the diode 8a and the capacitor 9g are equal, and the operational amplifier 2
The output of 2a becomes low level. Symbol 14 is a transmitter 1
The transmission of the mega cycle is being performed. Coil 17a
Is opposed to the protrusions 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, the impedance is reduced due to the eddy current loss, so that the voltage drop of the resistor 16a becomes large and the + voltage of the operational amplifier 22a increases.
A high level output is obtained from the terminal 18a by the input of the terminal. Similar outputs are obtained from the terminals 18b, 18c, ... For the coils 17b, 17c, 17d.

The output signals of the operational amplifiers 22a, 22b, ... serve as position detection signals, and the rotor 1 is indicated by the arrow R in FIGS.
When rotating in the direction, in the upper time chart of FIG. 7, curves 23a, 23b, ... Curves 24a, 24b, ... Curves 25a, 25b, ... Curves 26a, 26b ,.
, and 28a, 28b, ..., which are output from terminals 18a, 18b ,. The six sets of position detection signals are the curves 23a, 23b,
... curves 24a, 24b, ... curves 25a, 25b, ... curves 26a, 26b, ... curves 27a, 27b, ... and 28
The widths of a, 28b, ... Are 120 degrees, and are alternately 2
They are separated by 10 degrees and 270 degrees. Curves 23a, 23
b ,. ． Curves 24a, 24b, ... And curves 25a, 2
5b, ... Are 120 degrees out of phase with each other, and curves 25a, 2
5b, ... And the curves 26a, 26b ,.
The phase is delayed and the curves 26a, 26b, ... Curve 27a,
27b, ... And curves 28a, 28b ,.
0 degree phase lag.

The terminals 18a, 18b, 18c, 18 of FIG.
The outputs from d, 18e and 18f are terminals 19a, 19b and 1 of the energization signal circuit utilizing the AND circuit of FIG. 5, respectively.
9c, 19d, 19e and 19f are input. Terminal 21
The outputs from a, 21b, 21c, 21d, 21e and 21f are curves 33a, 33b, ... Curve 34 shown in the lower part of FIG.
a, 34b, ... Curves 35a, 35b, ... And curve 36
a, 36b, ... Curves 37a, 37b, ... Curves 38a, 3
8b, ... The widths of the curves of the six energization signals are 120 degrees and are alternately separated by 210 degrees and 270 degrees, respectively, and the phases of 120 degrees are sequentially delayed, and they are temporally adjacent to each other. To the input terminal From 21a to 11a, from 21b to 11d as shown below, 2
1c to 11b, 21d to 11e, 21e to 1
Input from 1f to 21f to 11f.

Next, driving of the reluctance motor of the present invention will be described. 2 and 3, when the energization signal 33a is input to the terminal 11a, the switching elements 10a, 10
g is conducted, the armature coil 7a of the first phase is energized and excited, the salient poles 1a and 1c are attracted, and the rotor 1 rotates in the arrow R direction. At this time, since the energization signal 34z is already input to the terminal 11b, the second-phase armature coil 7b is energized and excited by conduction of the switching elements 10b and 10h, and the salient poles 1b and 1d are attracted to the arrow R direction. The rotor 1 is rotated. When the armature coil 7b is rotated by 30 degrees, the energization of the armature coil 7b is cut off, the energization signal 37z is input to the terminal 11e, the switching elements 10e and 10k are energized, the second phase armature coil 7e is energized and excited, and the salient pole 1b, 1d is sucked and the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow R.

When it is further rotated 90 degrees, the armature coil 7a
Is cut off, the energization signal 36a is input to the terminal 11d, the switching elements 10d and 10j are turned on, the first- phase armature coil 7d is energized and excited, and the salient poles 1a and 1c are attracted to the rotor in the arrow R direction. 1 rotates. When the armature coil 7e is further rotated by 30 degrees, the energization of the armature coil 7e is cut off, the energization signal 35z is input to the terminal 11c, and the switching elements 10c and 10e.
i is conducted, the armature coil 7c of the third phase is energized and excited, the salient poles 1b and 1d are attracted, and the rotor rotates in the arrow R direction.

Further, when rotated 90 degrees, the armature coil 7d
Is turned off, the energization signal 34a is input to the terminal 11b, the switching elements 10b and 10h are turned on, the second-phase armature coil 7b is energized and excited, and the salient poles 1a and 1c are attracted to rotate in the arrow R direction. Child 1 rotates. When the armature coil 7c is further rotated by 30 degrees, the energization of the armature coil 7c is cut off, the energization signal 38z is input to the terminal 11f, and the switching elements 10f and 10f.
1 is conducted, the armature coil 7f of the third phase is energized and excited, the salient poles 1b and 1d are attracted, and the rotor rotates in the arrow R direction.

When further rotated 90 degrees, the armature coil 7b
Is turned off, the energization signal 37a is input to the terminal 11e, the switching elements 10e and 10k are turned on, the second phase armature coil 7e is energized and excited, and the salient poles 1a and 1c are attracted to rotate in the arrow R direction. Child 1 rotates. When the armature coil 7f is further rotated by 30 degrees, the energization of the armature coil 7f is cut off, and the terminal 11a
The energization signal 33b is input to the switching elements 10a, 1
0g is conducted, the first-phase armature coil 7a is energized and excited, the salient poles 1b and 1d are attracted, and the rotor 1 rotates in the arrow R direction.

When further rotated 90 degrees, the armature coil 7e
Is turned off, the energization signal 35a is input to the terminal 11c, the switching elements 10c and 10i are turned on, the third-phase armature coil 7c is energized and excited, and the salient poles 1a and 1c are attracted to rotate in the arrow R direction. Child 1 rotates. When the armature coil 7a is further rotated by 30 degrees, the energization of the armature coil 7a is cut off, and the terminal 11d
The energization signal 36b is input to the switching elements 10d, 1
0j conducts, the armature coil 7d of the first phase is energized and excited, the salient poles 1b and 1d are attracted, and the rotor 1 rotates in the arrow R direction.

When further rotated 90 degrees, the armature coil 7c
Is turned off, the energization signal 38a is input to the terminal 11f, the switching elements 10f and 10l are turned on, the third- phase armature coil 7f is energized and excited, and the salient poles 1a and 1c are attracted to rotate in the arrow R direction. Child 1 rotates. When the armature coil 7d is further rotated by 30 degrees, the energization of the armature coil 7d is cut off, and the terminal 11b
The energization signal 34b is input to the switching elements 10b, 1
0h is conducted, the second-phase armature coil 7b is energized and excited, the salient poles 1b and 1d are attracted, and the rotor 1 rotates in the arrow R direction.

When further rotated 90 degrees, the armature coil 7f
Is turned off, the energization signal 33c is input to the terminal 11a, the switching elements 10a and 10g are turned on, the armature coil 7a of the first phase is energized and excited, and the salient poles 1a and 1c are attracted to rotate in the arrow R direction. Child 1 rotates. The energization up to this point causes the rotor 1 to rotate by a mechanical angle of 180 degrees, but after that, the energization is repeated and the rotation in the direction of arrow R is continued, so the description thereof is omitted. As described above, the two-phase armature coils are always energized with a phase difference of 30 degrees (one half of the slot separation angle) or 90 degrees (1.5 times the slot separation angle).

When the rotor 1 is rotated in the direction opposite to the arrow R, the output signals of the operational amplifiers 22a, 22b, ... In FIG. 4 become position detection signals, and the curves 43a, 43b ,. 44a, 44b, ..., 45
a, 45b, ..., 46a, 46b, ..., 47a, 47
, 48a, 48b, ... Terminals 18a, 18
It is output from b, .... Outputs from the terminals 18a, 18b, ... Are input to terminals 19g, 19h ,. Terminal 2
The output from 1g, 21h, ... is the curve 5 shown in the lower part of FIG.
3a, 53b, ..., 54a, 54b, ..., 55a, 55
b, ..., 56a, 56b, ..., 57a, 57b, ..., 5
.., which are input to the input terminals of the energization control circuit of FIG. The energization of the armature coil is similar to that in the case of the rotation in the direction of the arrow R, and the description thereof will be omitted.

Therefore, the salient poles 1a, 1b, 1 of the rotor 1 are
When the front ends 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D of the c, 1d in the rotational direction face the central position of the slots 3a, 3b, ... Of the fixed armature 3, the torque is minimized and the slots 3a, 3b ,.
Since the torque is maximized when facing the central position of the separation angle of, the reluctance motor of FIG.
In FIG. 9, the tips 1A of the salient poles 1a, 1c or 1b, 1d facing each other, which are attracted in the rotational direction, in the rotational direction,
When 1C or 1B, 1D faces the central position of the slots 3a, 3b, ..., The other opposing salient poles 1b, 1d or 1a, 1c that are attracted in the rotational direction are the tips 1B, 1D or 1A in the rotational direction. Since 1C is opposed to the central position of the clearance angle of the slot, the torque ripple is canceled.

[0028]

As described above, the reluctance motor according to the present invention has an excellent effect that the torque ripple and the vibration are very small and the rotation is smooth with a simple structure.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a reluctance motor to which the present invention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a development view of a fixed armature, a rotor, and a position-changing rotor of the electric motor shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a current control circuit diagram for driving the electric motor of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an electric circuit diagram for obtaining a position detection signal from a coil of a position detection cord.

FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an energization signal when the rotor is rotated in the forward direction.

FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of energization signals when the rotor is rotated in the opposite direction.

FIG. 7 is a time chart diagram of a position detection signal curve and a time chart diagram of an energization signal curve when the rotor is rotated in the forward direction.

FIG. 8 is a time chart diagram of a position detection signal curve and a time chart diagram of an energization signal curve when the rotor is rotated in the opposite direction.

9 is a diagram in which the rotational position of the rotor in FIG. 1 is changed.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Rotor 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d Rotor salient poles 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D Tip of the salient pole in the direction of rotation 1e Slot 3 separation angle 1f Slot 4 separation angle 2 Rotation shaft 3 Fixed armature 3a , 3b, ... slot 4 frame body 5a, 5b, ... coil 6a, 6b, ... wound in slot 1st, 2nd, 3rd , 1st, 2nd, 2nd
3 phase armature coil lead-out terminals 7a, 7b, 7c 1st, 1st, 2nd and 3rd phase armature coils 7d, 7e, 7f 1st, 2nd and 3rd phase armature coils 8a, 8b, ... Diode 9a, 9b, ... Capacitor 10a, 10b, ... 10f Positive side switching element 10g, 10h, ... 10l Negative side switching element 14 Oscillator 15 Position detection rotor 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d Projection part 23a, 23b , ..., 24a, 24b, ..., 25a, 2
5b, ..., 26a, 26b, ..., 27a, 27b ,.
28a, 28b, ... Position detection signal curves 33a, 33b, ..., 34a, 34b, ..., 35a, 3 when the rotor is rotated in the forward direction
5b, ..., 36a, 36b, ..., 37a, 37b ,.
38a, 38b, ... Energization signal curves 43a, 43b, ..., 44a, 44b, ..., 45a, 4 when the rotor is rotated in the forward direction
5b, ..., 46a, 46b, ..., 47a, 47b ,.
48a, 48b, ... Position detection signal curves 53a, 53b, ..., 54a, 54b, ..., 55a, 5 when the rotor is rotated in the reverse direction
5b, ..., 56a, 56b, ..., 57a, 57b ,.
58a, 58b, ... Energization signal curve when the rotor is rotated in the reverse direction

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a reluctance motor of three-phase double-wave conduction having two sets of three-phase armature coils, each armature coil of the first set is replaced with armature coils of first, second, and third phases. When the armature coils of the second set are referred to as the armature coils of the first, second, and third phases , they are arranged at equal spacing angles on the inner peripheral surface of the magnetic body fixed armature. Slots and 1
Coil wound in the 4th and 4th slots and 1
A first-phase armature coil in which coils wound in the third and 16th slots are connected in series or in parallel;
Coils wound in the 6th and 6th slots and 1
A first- phase armature coil in which coils wound in the 5th and 18th slots are connected in series or in parallel;
Coil wound in the 8th and 8th slots and 1
A second-phase armature coil in which coils wound in the seventh and twentieth slots are connected in series or in parallel;
Th and the 10 th of the armature coil of the second phase of wound coils and 19 th and wound a coil 22 th slot in the slot are connected in series or in parallel,
The third phase armature coil in which the coils wound in the 9th and 12th slots and the coils wound in the 21st and 24th slots are connected in series or in parallel, and the 11th and 14th A coil wound in a slot and a third phase armature coil in which coils wound in the 23rd and 2nd slots are connected in series or in parallel, and the above three slots are provided on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor. The reluctance electric motor is characterized in that it has four salient poles facing each other and alternately spaced by the width of the spacing angle of 4 and the spacing width of the four slots.