JPH0736050A - Production of liquid crystal display element and liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the degradation in a contrast ratio, to prevent the generation of local shades in images and to improve image quality by uniformalizing the liquid crystal layer thickness of the liquid crystal display element by using colored spacers. CONSTITUTION:The colored spacers 23a to 23c having complementary colors with the colors of respective pixels are evenly sprayed in the respective pixel regions of color filters 12 in spacings between both electrode substrates 10 and 16 and thereafter, a liquid crystal 22 is injected therein. As a result, the colored spacers 23a to 23c existing in the complementary color regions of the color filters 12 act as black spacers and prevent the degradation in the contrast ratio. On the other hand, the colored spacers 23a to 23c deviated from the complementary color regions of the color filters 12 by deviation act as transparent spacers colored to the same colors as the colors of the color filters to allow the transmission of light and to prevent the generation of the partial shapes, thus improving image quality.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device manufacturing method and a liquid crystal display device for obtaining a color image using a color filter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a liquid crystal display device composed of a liquid crystal display element has been used as a display device for personal OA equipment such as a Japanese word processor and a desktop personal computer because of its advantages of thinness, light weight and low power consumption. An apparatus for obtaining a color image using a color filter is widely used.

The liquid crystal display device used here is classified into operation modes by TN (Twisted Nematic).
c) type, STN (Super Twisted Nem)
atic) type, SBE (Super Twisted)
briefing effect) type, GH
(Guest Host) type, DS (DynamicS)
Although there are many types such as a liquid crystal display device, a field effect type TN type, STN type or SBE type liquid crystal display device is generally used.

All of the liquid crystal display devices perform display based on the operation principle utilizing the optical rotation of the nematic liquid crystal due to the twisted orientation of the nematic liquid crystal. For example, the SBE type liquid crystal display device is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-107020. It is disclosed in the issue public information.

A liquid crystal display device using this nematic liquid crystal is, for example, in the case of a simple matrix liquid crystal display device, generally, a plurality of scan electrodes are arranged in a row, and a scan electrode substrate on which an alignment film is formed so as to cover the scan electrodes, and Of the signal electrode substrates in which a plurality of signal electrodes are arranged in a row and an alignment film is formed so as to cover the signal electrodes, one of the electrode substrates has a spacer (usually a spherical or columnar shape made of plastic or glass) on the alignment film surface. It is manufactured by spraying a gap material, disposing both electrode substrates so as to face each other and sealing the periphery, and enclosing a liquid crystal in a gap (cell gap) formed by the spacer. This cell gap is usually about 4 to 12 μm.
Moreover, as a nematic liquid crystal used as a liquid crystal,
Cyclohexane-based, ester-based, biphenyl-based, and pyrimidine-based liquid crystals are used.

A chiral agent is added to this liquid crystal so that the molecular axes of the liquid crystal molecules are twisted between the upper and lower substrates at an angle of about 180 to 270 degrees (practically about 270 degrees is preferable). Has been done. The surface of the alignment film is subjected to rubbing alignment treatment, etc., and is set so that the molecular axis of the liquid crystal is inclined (pretilt) at an angle larger than 5 degrees with respect to the surface of the alignment film. ing.

By the way, conventionally, as the spacer, a spacer made of a colorless and transparent material has been used. However, since the liquid crystal does not exist in the region where the colorless and transparent spacer is scattered, the birefringence as the liquid crystal in this region is present. It does not work and shows a light control action different from the region consisting of other liquid crystal layers only.In addition, in the region where the spacers are scattered, light is diffusely reflected due to the lens effect caused by the shape of the spacers. It was dead. Due to such a cause, in the area where the spacers of the liquid crystal display element are scattered, despite the provision of the polarizing plate, light is always transmitted and shines white, the contrast of the liquid crystal display element is lowered, and the image quality is improved. Had a problem of being lowered.

Therefore, in order to prevent the above phenomenon,
The use of black spacers with extremely low light transmission is being considered, but when using this black spacer, if there is a bias in the black spacer dispersion state between the electrode substrates during manufacturing, etc., the black spacer will be concentrated. There is a new problem that the shadowed portion is locally darker than the other portions and a shadow is formed on the image.

This is an empty cell containing no liquid crystal, in which spacers are evenly dispersed between the electrode substrates and the periphery is adhered by a sealing material in the process of filling the liquid crystal in the gap between the electrode substrates in the liquid crystal display device manufacturing process. The inside of the cell is decompressed, and the liquid crystal is injected into the cell from the injection port by utilizing the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the cell. At this time, when the liquid crystal is injected until the pressure inside and outside the cell reaches an equilibrium state, the liquid crystal layer is set. The liquid crystal layer becomes thicker than a desired value due to the extremely small thickness, the stress and the bending of the electrode substrate. Therefore, after the liquid crystal is injected, an external pressure is applied to the cell to discharge the extra liquid crystal, and the spacer is caused to flow due to the fluidity of the liquid crystal material at the time of discharging the extra liquid crystal, resulting in uneven distribution of the spacer. It was a thing.

In the case of the black spacer, the bias of the spacer due to such a cause causes the image to be locally dark and uneven brightness and darkness on the image to deteriorate the image quality as described above. On the other hand, in the case of the transparent spacer. However, there is a problem in that the image is locally whitened due to diffused reflection of light by the spacers, resulting in uneven contrast and deterioration in image quality.

[0011]

Conventionally, in order to make the liquid crystal layer thickness of the liquid crystal display element uniform, transparent or black spacers are evenly distributed in the gaps between the electrode substrates.

For this reason, when the transparent spacer is used, the spacer portion always transmits light without causing birefringence, and the spacer portion shines white due to diffused reflection of light, thereby lowering image contrast. The image was blurry. Further, in both the transparent spacers and the black spacers, if the spacers are scattered in the manufacturing process and the spacers are concentrated, the transparent spacers locally whiten the screen, while the black spacers are black. With the spacer, a shadow is locally generated on the screen,
This causes uneven brightness and darkness, which causes a problem that a good image cannot be obtained.

In view of the above, the present invention eliminates the above-mentioned problems, and aims to make the thickness of the liquid crystal layer sealed in the gap between the electrode substrates uniform by the spacer, prevent the display contrast from being lowered due to the spacer, and prevent the spacer from being reduced. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device and a liquid crystal display device, which can obtain a high-quality image without causing unevenness of light and dark on the image even if the dispersion is slightly biased.

[0014]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention comprises two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other, and an array of pixels of a plurality of colors. In a liquid crystal display device comprising a color filter arranged on at least one side, wherein liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates, a plurality of colored spacers forming complementary colors to the color filter are provided in the color filter region. Is sprayed on the liquid crystal, and after the colored spacers are sprayed, the liquid crystal is sealed in the gap between the electrode substrates.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention comprises two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other, and an array of pixels of a plurality of colors, which are arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates. In a liquid crystal display element comprising a color filter and liquid crystal sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates, a colored spacer forming a complementary color with each pixel in each pixel region of the color filter in the gap between the electrode substrates. And the liquid crystal is sealed in the gap between the electrode substrates after the colored spacers are dispersed.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention has two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other, and a red electrode,
A liquid crystal display element comprising a color filter composed of an array of green and blue pixels and disposed on at least one of the two electrode substrates, wherein liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates. Dispersion of blue-green spacers to red pixel regions of the color filter, red-purple spacers to green pixel regions of the color filter, and blue pixel regions of the color filter in any order in the electrode substrate gap. After spraying the yellow spacers, the liquid crystal is sealed in the gap between the electrode substrates after spraying the blue-green spacers, the red-purple spacers, and the yellow spacers.

Further, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides
Two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes facing each other, a color filter composed of an array of pixels of a plurality of colors and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates, and sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates In the liquid crystal display device including the liquid crystal, a plurality of colored spacers arranged in the color filter region in the gap between the electrode substrates and forming a complementary color with the color filter are provided.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is composed of two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other, and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates composed of an array of pixels of a plurality of colors. A color filter and a liquid crystal sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates, the liquid crystal display device being arranged in each pixel region of the color filter in the gap between the electrode substrates and forming a complementary color with each pixel. A plurality of colored spacers of different colors are provided.

Further, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides
Two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other; a color filter composed of an array of red, green, and blue pixels and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates; In a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal filled in a gap, a blue-green spacer arranged in the red pixel region of the electrode substrate gap, a red-purple spacer arranged in the green pixel region, and the blue And a yellow spacer arranged in the pixel area of.

[0020]

According to the present invention, the colored spacers having a complementary color relationship are formed by dispersing colored spacers of a plurality of colors having colors complementary to the color filter pixels in each pixel area. If the colored spacers have the same effect as the black spacers when the colored spacers are locally biased and deviate from the complementary color filter regions, the colored spacers are It acts as a transparent spacer colored with the same color as that and transmits light as it is. Therefore, if the colored spacers that uniformly maintain the gap between the electrode substrates are in the initial spraying positions without causing bias when injecting liquid crystal, they act as evenly-dispersed black spacers and are good without lowering display contrast. You can get a nice image. Moreover, even if the colored spacers are biased at the time of injecting the liquid crystal and are concentrated from a position where they have a complementary color relationship with the filter, in this case, they are not black spacers,
Since it acts as a colored transparent spacer having the same color as the filter, no shadow is produced in the concentrated portion, and the brightness is made uniform over the entire surface of the image, and a good image can be obtained.

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 schematically shows a cross section of the liquid crystal display element 1, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are enlarged views of a part of the cross section of the liquid crystal display element 1. Reference numeral 10 is a first electrode substrate, and red, green, and blue pixels 12a are provided on the first glass substrate 11.
The color filter 12, the first transparent electrode 13, and the first alignment film 14 each having an arrangement of .about.12c are sequentially stacked. Reference numeral 16 is a second electrode substrate facing the first electrode substrate 10, and the second transparent electrode 1 is provided on the second glass substrate 17.
8 and the second alignment film 20 are sequentially stacked.

ZLI-2293, which is made of phenylcyclohexane liquid crystal and has a twist angle of 240 °, is provided in the gap between the two electrode substrates 10 and 16 which are sealed with a seal adhesive 21 made of an epoxy resin with a spacer to be described later.
(E. Merck Co., Ltd. product name) is held as a liquid crystal 22, and is made of a spherical plastic material and is colored blue with cyan, which is a complementary color relationship for each of the red, green, and blue pixels 12a to 12c of the color filter 12. Green spacer 23
a, magenta-colored red-purple spacers 23b, and yellow-colored yellow spacers 23c are evenly distributed in each pixel region.

Further, first and second retardation plates 26 and 27 and first and second polarizing plates 28 and 29 are layered on the first electrode substrate 10 and the second electrode substrate 16.

Next, the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element 1 will be described.

First, in the first electrode substrate 10, the first
Using a color resist solution in which each dye is dispersed by the pigment dispersion method on the glass substrate 11 of No. 3, coating, pattern exposure and development are repeated, and 700 to 600 as shown in FIG.
[Nm], 600 to 500 [nm], 500 to 400
A color filter 12 including red, green, and blue pixels 12a to 12c that absorbs light in the wavelength range of [nm] is formed. Next, a first transparent electrode 13 made of a patterned ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film is formed on the color filter 12 by a sputtering method, and a first alignment film 14 is further applied to form the liquid crystal 22 so that the twisting of the liquid crystal 22 is 2
Rubbing is performed in a certain direction so as to form an angle of 40 °, and alignment treatment is performed.

A second electrode substrate 16 is manufactured in the same manner as the first electrode substrate 10 except for the manufacturing process of the color filter 12.

Next, the seal adhesive 2 is applied to the first electrode substrate 10.
1 is arranged and the color filter 12 is further formed by the electrostatic spraying method.
Each of the pixels 12a to 12 is formed by using a mask that selectively applies an electric field to the first transparent electrode 13 for each color pixel and sequentially selectively exposes each color pixel of the color filter 12 sequentially.
Coloring spacer 2 of a color that has a complementary color relationship with each color in the c region
3a to 23c are sequentially sprayed.

That is, first, an electric field is applied to the electrode corresponding to the red pixel 12a region of the first transparent electrode 13 on the first electrode substrate 10, and at the same time, the red pixel 12a region of the first electrode substrate 10 is applied. A mask (not shown) is exposed to expose only 400 to 600 shown in FIG.
Blue-green spacer 23 that absorbs light in the wavelength range of [nm]
Disperse a evenly. Next, an electric field is applied to the electrode corresponding to the green pixel region 12b, and a mask (not shown) that exposes only the green pixel region 12b is covered, and 400 to 500 [nm] and 600 shown in FIG. ~ 700 [nm]
Red-purple spacers 23b that absorb light in the wavelength region of are dispersed, and an electric field is similarly applied to the blue pixel 12c region.
Cover with a mask that exposes only the blue pixel region 12c,
The yellow spacer 23c that absorbs light in the wavelength range of 500 to 700 [nm] shown in FIG.
Each spacer 23a-2
The process of spraying the colored spacers 23a to 23c is repeated for each color of 3c.

Next, the first electrode substrate 10 and the second electrode substrate 16 are superposed on each other and the seal adhesive 21 is cured, and the liquid crystal 2 is formed.
A cell 31 for storing 2 is formed.

Further, the cell 31 is placed in a vacuum chamber, the pressure inside the cell 31 is reduced, and the pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the cell 31 is utilized to form a gap between the first and second electrode substrates 10 and 16 of the cell 31. The liquid crystal 22 is injected. However, in this process, cell 3
Since 1 is bent and the layer thickness of the liquid crystal 22 becomes thicker than necessary, after the liquid crystal 22 is injected, an external pressure is applied to the cell 31 to discharge the extra liquid crystal 22.

During the process of discharging the extra liquid crystal 22, the respective colored spacers 23a to 23c are not biased, and FIG.
As shown in FIG.
The light passing through the liquid crystal display element 1 is located in a region that has a complementary color relationship with the color filter 12 and the coloring spacer 2.
Since 3a to 23c absorb light over the entire visible light wavelength region, the colored spacers 23a to 23c substantially act as black spacers.

On the other hand, in the process of discharging the extra liquid crystal 22, the flow of the liquid crystal 22 causes a bias in the arbitrary colored spacers 23a to 23c as shown in FIG. When the colored spacers 23a to 23c deviate from the region having the complementary color relationship, the colored spacers 23a to 23c that are deviated from the complementary color region do not absorb the light transmitted through the color filter 12 and are colored substantially the same color as the color filter 12. It will act as a transparent spacer.

Next, after injecting the liquid crystal 22 into the gap between the first and second electrode substrates, the injection port is closed with an adhesive to enclose the liquid crystal 22 in the cell 31, and then the first and second retardation plates 26,
27, the first and second polarizing plates 28, 29 are sequentially layered, and the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element 1 is completed.

With this structure, each colored spacer 23
It is needless to say that the liquid crystal layer thickness in the gap between the first electrode substrate 10 and the second electrode substrate 16 can be made uniform by a to 23c.
If each of the colored spacers 23a to 23c maintains a state in which the colored spacers 23a to 23c are evenly distributed without being biased, the colored spacers 23a to 23c substantially act as a black spacer, so that the contrast thereof is higher than that of a liquid crystal display element using a conventional transparent spacer. The ratio is significantly improved.

When the contrast ratio was measured using the liquid crystal display element 1 produced in the above embodiment, it was 1/480.
A very high result of 50: 1 was obtained with duty drive.

Further, in the course of the manufacturing process, if any colored spacers 23a to 23c are locally biased and the colored spacers 23a to 23c are displaced to a region that does not form a complementary color relationship with the color filter 12, their positions. Since it acts as a transparent spacer colored in the same color as the color filter 12 in FIG. 1, the spacer is biased like a liquid crystal display element using a conventional black spacer, and even if concentration occurs, a shadow locally occurs on the image. In all cases, even in the bright state and the dark state, uniform brightness can be obtained over the entire surface of the image.

Further, in this embodiment, since the polarizing plates 28 and 29 as well as the retardation plates 26 and 27 are provided, it is possible to prevent coloring of light due to birefringence that occurs when passing through the liquid crystal display element 1, and to obtain a clear color image. Can be obtained.

The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but may be modified within the scope of the invention, for example, the color of the color filter and the manufacturing method are not limited, and the color spacer is not limited. The material and shape are also arbitrary.

The manufacturing process is also optional, and a heating process may be carried out each time an arbitrary colored spacer is sprayed to fix the colored spacer to the electrode substrate, and then the next colored spacer may be sprayed. . By doing so, it is possible to more reliably prevent color mixing of the colored spacers during manufacturing.

Further, a plurality of types of colored spacers may be dispersed not only in each complementary color area but in a mixed state as a whole. In this case, if the colored spacers are evenly mixed,
For example, in the case of three types of spacers, 1/3 of the spacers act as black spacers to improve the contrast as compared with transparent spacers, and when concentrated due to bias, the darkness of the shadow becomes 1/3. And the effect on the image is reduced.

[0041]

As described above, according to the present invention, the colored spacer can maintain the thickness of the liquid crystal layer sealed in the gap between the electrode substrates uniformly, and can be used as a color filter without causing a bias between the electrode substrates. If it exists in a region having a complementary color relationship, it acts as a black spacer, so that there is no fear of lowering display contrast, and a good image with good contrast can be obtained. On the other hand, when the colored spacers are biased between the electrode substrates and the colored spacers are not located in the area which has a complementary color relationship with the color filter due to the movement of the colored spacers, the colored spacers are transparent spacers colored in the same color as the color filter at that position. Since it acts as a light source and transmits light, a dark area is not locally generated on the liquid crystal display element due to the bias like the conventional black spacer, and the brightness is uniform over the entire image to obtain a stable and high-quality image. To be

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element of one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display device in which colored spacers according to an embodiment of the present invention are evenly distributed.

FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element in which a colored spacer is biased according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a complementary color relationship between a color filter and a colored spacer according to an embodiment of the present invention, (a) is a graph showing a wavelength region of a color filter, and (b) is a light absorption region of a yellow spacer. The graph shown, (c) is a graph showing the light absorption region of the blue-green spacer, and (d) is a graph showing the light region of the red-purple spacer.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Liquid crystal display element 10 ... 1st electrode substrate 12 ... Color filter 16 ... 2nd electrode substrate 22 ... Liquid crystal 23a-23c ... Colored spacer

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An electrode substrate comprising two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other, and a color filter comprising an array of pixels of a plurality of colors and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates. In a liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between a plurality of electrode substrates, a step of mixing and spraying colored spacers of a plurality of colors that are complementary colors with the color filter to the color filter region, and the electrode substrate after spraying the colored spacers. And a step of enclosing the liquid crystal in a gap. 2. An electrode substrate comprising two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other, and a color filter formed of an array of pixels of a plurality of colors and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates. In a liquid crystal display device formed by enclosing a liquid crystal in a gap between a plurality of electrode substrates, a step of spraying colored spacers, which form a complementary color with each pixel, in each pixel region of the color filter in the electrode substrate gap, and this coloring And a step of enclosing the liquid crystal in the gap between the electrode substrates after spraying the spacers. 3. An electrode substrate comprising two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes and facing each other, and a color filter comprising an array of red, green and blue pixels and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates. A liquid crystal display device in which a liquid crystal is sealed in a gap between the two electrode substrates, a blue-green spacer is spread over a red pixel region of the color filter in an arbitrary order in the gap between the electrode substrates, the color filter Of spraying red-purple spacers to the green pixel area of the color filter, spraying yellow spacers to the blue pixel area of the color filter, the blue-green spacer, the red-purple spacer, the electrode substrate after spraying the yellow spacer And a step of enclosing the liquid crystal in a gap. 4. Two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes facing each other, and a color filter formed of an array of pixels of a plurality of colors and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates,
A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal filled in a gap between the two electrode substrates, comprising a plurality of colored spacers arranged in the color filter region of the gap between the electrode substrates and forming a complementary color with the color filters. Liquid crystal display device characterized by. 5. Two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes facing each other, and a color filter formed of an array of pixels of a plurality of colors and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates,
In a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal filled in a gap between the two electrode substrates, a plurality of colors arranged in each pixel region of the color filter in the gap between the electrode substrates and having a color complementary to each pixel. A liquid crystal display device comprising the colored spacer of. 6. Two electrode substrates having transparent electrodes facing each other, a color filter comprising an array of red, green, and blue pixels and arranged on at least one of the two electrode substrates; In a liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal filled in a gap between the electrode substrates, a blue-green spacer arranged in the red pixel region in the gap between the electrode substrates,
A liquid crystal display device comprising: a red-purple spacer arranged in the green pixel region and a yellow spacer arranged in the blue pixel region.