JPH08254698A - Reflection type liquid display element - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To provide a novel reflection type liquid crystal display element which is enhanced in the reflectivity over the entire part without relating to a normally black mode and normally white mode. CONSTITUTION: This liquid crystal display element includes first and second substrates 11, 12 which have first and second electrodes 13, 14 on their respective opposite surfaces, a liquid crystal compsn. layer 15 which is held between these first and second substrates 11 and 12, modulating parts which are the regions corresponding to the first electrodes 13 and where the liquid crystal compsn. 15 responds to modulate the reflection quantity of incident light by the voltage impressed between the first and second electrodes 13 and 14, non-modulating parts B which are the regions exclusive of these modulating parts, a light diffusion layer which is formed on the surface on the side opposite to the main surface formed with the first electrodes 13 of the first substrate 11 and a first reflection layer 20 which is formed in at least a part of the regions corresponding to the non-modulating parts B of the main surface formed with the first electrodes 13 of the first substrate 11.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a reflective liquid crystal display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A liquid crystal display element (hereinafter abbreviated as LCD) is
Word processor, personal computer, projection T
Widely used in V, small TV, etc.

In recent years, a reflective LCD that does not require a backlight has been receiving attention. The reflective LCD does not require a backlight for displaying on an OA device or the like, and thus can reduce power consumption and is suitable for portable use. The reflective LCD is
Since the light of the outside light is used, it poses a practical problem unless the reflectance of the LCD itself is high.

When the reflective LCD is classified from the viewpoint of the reflectance of the LCD itself, a display mode using two polarizing plates,
It can be classified into three display modes, one using a sheet and one not using it.

As a display mode using two polarizing plates,
For example, there is a TN type LCD shown in FIG. This TN type LC
In D, the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2 have transparent electrodes 3 and 4, respectively, and the liquid crystal composition layer 5 is sandwiched between these substrates. Polarizing plates 6a and 6b are attached to the outer surfaces of the upper and lower substrates 1 and 2, and a diffuse reflection plate 7 is attached to the outer surface of the polarizing plate 6b on the lower substrate 2 side. The optical path L of this TN LCD passes through the polarizing plate four times and passes through the substrate four times. Of these transmittances, the transmittance of the polarizing plate is 50% or less in principle after one pass, and the real number is 40%. Since other polarizing plates and substrates also have their own absorption, the reflectance is extremely low.

As a display mode using one polarizing plate,
For example, there is a single-polarizer mode ECB type LCD having only the polarizer 6 shown in FIG. Compared with the TN LCD of FIG. 1, the optical path passes through the polarizing plate twice and the substrate only twice. Note that, hereinafter, in each of the drawings, the portions having the same reference numerals indicate the same portions. As in the case of the TN type LCD, the transmittance of the polarizing plate is 50% or less in principle at least once, and is actually 40% or more. However, the optical path is equivalent to two polarizing plates,
Since the light absorption for two times of the substrate can be reduced, the reflectance is slightly higher than that of the TN LCD.

In comparison with these, the display mode not using a polarizing plate is, for example, a polymer polymer PC-GH type LCD having a liquid crystal composition layer 5a of a guest-host liquid crystal shown in FIG. 3 and a guest-host liquid crystal composition shown in FIG. GH-H having the object layer 5b
OMO type LCD, and two-layer type G in which the two-layer guest-host liquid crystal composition layer 5b shown in FIG.
There is an H-HOMO type LCD and the like.

Since no polarizing plate is used in any of the systems shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the transmittance of at least one transmission like the display mode using the above-mentioned polarizing plate has a transmittance of 50% in principle. It is the following, and it becomes brighter because the polarizing plate, which is actually 40% or more, is not used. In addition, the E of the single-polarizer mode
Like the CB LCD, if a reflector is provided on the inner surface of the cell,
It is possible to reduce light absorption for two times of the substrate. Therefore,
The reflectance is significantly higher than that in the display mode using the polarizing plate.

The reflection type LCD shown in FIG. 6 is a GH-HOMO type LCD shown in FIG. 4 in which a quarter wavelength plate 9 is inserted between the reflection plate 7 and the liquid crystal cell. The incident light that has passed through passes through the quarter-wave plate 9, is reflected by the reflection plate 7, and again passes through the quarter-wave plate 9 so that the phase is shifted by half a wavelength and the liquid crystal is again displayed. It obtains the function of entering the cell.

This structure has a two-layer type GH-HOM shown in FIG.
The same light control as that of the O-type LCD is obtained with one liquid crystal layer and one liquid crystal cell.

Now, these reflection type LCDs are displays, and generally display is performed by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer using an electrode, passing a current, or applying a magnetic field. Since electrodes are used, an insulating region (a place without electrodes) is always required. In particular, various letters and pictures,
In the case of an element that displays a pattern such as an image, electrodes are formed in a matrix. When electrodes are formed in a matrix, wiring is generally required in addition to the electrodes for the purpose of applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer. Even if the electrodes are not formed in the matrix, if the pattern is complicated to some extent (for example, 7-segment display applied to calculators, watches, etc.), wiring is required. As described above, the LCD is formed by three regions of an electrode and an insulating region (where there is no electrode) for the purpose of applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer, and a wiring in some cases.

In the present specification, a region where the liquid crystal responds by the electrode for the purpose of applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer and the light reflecting layer modulates is referred to as a modulation part, and the other region is referred to as a non-modulation part. In this non-modulation section, the insulating area is referred to as a space section, and the area where the wiring is provided is referred to as a wiring section.

Incidentally, in a transmissive LCD, a light shielding layer is often provided in the non-modulation portion. In the case of a matrix display device, this light shielding layer is generally called a black matrix (BM). This light shielding layer is provided for the purpose of improving the contrast ratio characteristic of display.
When the display modes of the LCD are classified from the viewpoint of display control (not limited to the transmissive type and the reflective type), it is opposite to the normally white mode (called NW mode) in which a bright state is obtained in the state where no voltage is applied. It can be roughly classified into a normally black mode (referred to as NB mode) which is obtained in a bright state when a voltage or the like is applied.

In the NW mode, the non-modulation section is almost always in the bright state regardless of the state of the modulation section. Therefore, in the case where the light shielding layer is not provided, the luminance in the dark state as a whole (modulation portion and non-modulation portion) is higher than that in the case where the light shielding layer is provided. Therefore, the contrast ratio (brightness in the bright state / luminance in the dark state) is improved by providing the light shielding layer. In the NB mode, the non-modulation section is almost always in the dark state regardless of the state of the modulation section. Therefore, as compared with the NW mode, the brightness in the dark state as a whole (modulation section and non-modulation section) becomes darker. However, in the generally known dark state of the NB mode, a sufficiently dark display is not obtained. Therefore, by providing the light-shielding layer, the brightness of the non-modulation portion is surely reduced to zero and a high contrast is obtained.

However, the provision of the light shielding layer lowers the overall display brightness (brightness). Although this is a drawback, in the case of a transmissive LCD, since a backlight is used, display brightness (brightness) can be maintained by improving the brightness of this backlight. Thus, a light-shielding layer is often provided to obtain contrast.

On the other hand, in the reflective LCD, the light used is external light, and the amount of incident light cannot be controlled on the display side. Therefore, when the light-shielding layer is applied to the reflection type, it is not generally used because it significantly reduces the display brightness (the TFT as a driving element is affected by light. Therefore, the light shielding layer may be provided only in a necessary portion of the non-modulation portion.). In the first place, in the case of a reflective LCD, the light used is external light, and the amount of incident light cannot be controlled on the display side. Therefore, the most important characteristic is brightness (luminance). From these things, general conventional reflective LCD
Does not provide a light shielding layer on the non-modulation part.

However, even if the light-shielding layer is not provided, the display brightness of the conventional reflective LCD is not sufficiently high.
In the NW mode, the non-modulation part is almost always in the bright state, so that the display brightness of the whole can be obtained to some extent.
Each of D uses a polarizing plate and a dye in order to obtain a dark state, and in reality, some light absorption cannot be avoided even in a bright state. Therefore, as a result, sufficient brightness cannot be obtained. In the NB mode, the non-modulation section is almost always in the dark state, and the entire display brightness is naturally dark.

[0018]

As described above, the conventional reflection type liquid crystal display device, when used as a display,
The reflectance is low even in the non-modulation portion, and particularly in the normally black mode, the influence is remarkable, and the overall display brightness is significantly reduced.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a novel reflective liquid crystal display device which raises the overall reflectance regardless of normally black mode and normally white mode.

[0020]

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention (Claim 1) is arranged on the observed side,
A first substrate having a first electrode formed on one main surface and a first substrate having a first electrode formed thereon are disposed so as to face each other, and a second substrate is provided on the opposite main surface. Second with different electrodes
A substrate, a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and a region corresponding to the first electrode,
The liquid crystal composition responds to the voltage applied between the first and second electrodes and modulates a reflection amount of incident light; a non-modulation part other than the modulation part; A light diffusion layer formed on a surface of the first substrate opposite to the main surface on which the first electrode is formed; and a main surface of the first substrate on which the first electrode is formed, Provided is a reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a first reflective layer formed on at least a part of a region corresponding to the non-modulation part.

According to the present invention (claim 2), a first substrate is provided on the side to be observed and has a first electrode formed on one main surface, and the first substrate is provided with the first substrate. And a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, the second substrate being disposed so as to face the main surface on which the electrode is formed and having a second electrode on the facing main surface. A modulator that is a region corresponding to the first electrode, and that the liquid crystal composition responds by a voltage applied between the first and second electrodes, and modulates a reflection amount of incident light; The non-modulation portion, which is a region other than the modulation portion, the light diffusion layer formed on the main surface of the first substrate on which the first electrode is formed, and the non-modulation portion on the light diffusion layer. And a first reflection layer formed on at least a part of a region corresponding to the above.

Further, according to the present invention (claim 27), there is provided a first substrate which is disposed on the side to be observed and has a first electrode formed on one principal surface thereof, and the first substrate of the first substrate. And a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, the second substrate being disposed so as to face the main surface on which the electrode is formed and having a second electrode on the facing main surface. A modulator that is a region corresponding to the first electrode, and that the liquid crystal composition responds by a voltage applied between the first and second electrodes, and modulates a reflection amount of incident light; The first and second non-modulation parts, which are regions other than the modulation part, are formed on the surface of the first substrate opposite to the main surface on which the first electrode is formed and have different refractive indexes. A light diffusing layer formed of a diffraction grating in which a transparent refractive index medium is arranged in a substantially plane and a main surface of one of the second substrate and the light diffusing layer. To provide a reflection type liquid crystal display device comprising a specular reflective layer.

Still further, according to the present invention (claim 35), the first substrate is arranged on the side to be observed and has a first electrode formed on one principal surface, and the first substrate is the first substrate. Is arranged so as to face the main surface on which the electrode of
A liquid crystal cell comprising a second substrate having an electrode, and a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates and made of a nematic liquid crystal exhibiting dielectric anisotropy containing a black dye; A light diffusing plate disposed on the observed side of the liquid crystal cell, having a surface coated with an antireflection film, and a specular reflection member disposed on the opposite side of the observed side of the liquid crystal composition layer, Provided is a reflective liquid crystal display device comprising a quarter-wave retardation plate which is disposed between a liquid crystal composition layer and the specular reflection member and which shifts the phase of light passing therethrough by a quarter wavelength.

Still further, according to the present invention (claim 36), the first substrate is disposed on the side to be observed, and the first electrode is formed on the one main surface, and the first substrate is the first substrate. Is arranged so as to face the main surface on which the electrode of
A liquid crystal cell having a second substrate having an electrode and a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates and made of a nematic liquid crystal exhibiting dielectric anisotropy; Of the liquid crystal composition layer and the polarizing plate arranged between the liquid crystal composition layer and the light diffusion plate, and the liquid crystal composition layer is observed. And a retardation plate disposed between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal composition layer, or between the liquid crystal composition layer and the specular reflection member. Provided is a reflective liquid crystal display device.

Hereinafter, the structure and operation of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each figure, the part of the same sign shows the same part.

The liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect of the present invention is characterized in that a white reflective layer is provided in a part or the whole of the non-modulation section.

The following are specific examples of the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect of the present invention having the above characteristics.

(1) In the reflective liquid crystal display element, the white reflective layer is formed on the main surface of the first substrate on which the first electrode is formed.

(2) A reflective liquid crystal display device in which the white reflective layer is made of a resist material in which a white pigment is dispersed.

(3) In (2), the white pigment is Ti
A reflection type liquid crystal display device composed mainly of O ₂ .

(4) At least one of the first and second substrates has a color filter, and the side of the main surface of the substrate corresponding to the portion other than the colored layer of the substrate on which the electrodes are formed. A reflective liquid crystal display element in which a white reflective layer is provided on the.

(5) A reflective liquid crystal display device in which the liquid crystal composition contains a dichroic dye.

(6) The liquid crystal composition is a nematic liquid crystal containing a black dye and exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy, and has homogeneous molecular alignment between the first and second substrates, and the second On the side of the substrate, a quarter wave plate and a second
A reflective liquid crystal display device in which the reflector of is arranged.

(7) A reflective liquid crystal display device characterized in that the white reflective layer also serves as a substrate gap material for controlling the gap between the first and second substrates.

FIG. 7 illustrates a liquid crystal cell structure in which the white reflective layer is provided in a part or the whole of the non-modulation part. That is, the upper substrate 11 on the observation side has the white reflective layer 20 and the stripe-shaped transparent electrode 13 on the inner surface, and the lower substrate 12, which is the counter substrate, has the MIM switching element 1 on the surface.
A large number of pixel electrodes 14 having 8 are arranged. Alignment films 16 and 17 are formed on the electrode-side surfaces of both substrates, and a liquid crystal layer 15 is sandwiched between the substrates. Further, a diffuse reflection plate 30 is attached to the outer surface of the lower substrate 12, and the reflection type liquid crystal display element 10
Is configured.

The electrode region is a region where the liquid crystal responds to the applied voltage and modulates the light reflection amount, and constitutes the modulation section A. The other part is a region where the amount of light reflection cannot be controlled, and constitutes the non-modulation part B. The non-modulation portion B is an area occupied by the space portion 21 which is a gap between the electrodes and the wiring portion 22 which operates the electrode 13. The white reflective layer 20 is provided between the striped electrodes 13 on the inner surface of the upper substrate of the non-modulation portion B.

The white reflective layer 20 is, for example, a white pigment containing MgO as a main component, and it is desirable that the white reflective layer 20 exhibit a reflection characteristic close to so-called perfect diffuse reflection. The perfect diffuse reflection refers to a reflection characteristic in which the reflected light Lr is uniformly reflected at various angles regardless of the incident angle of the incident light Li, regardless of the environment (distance of incident light depending on the direction). It refers to the reflection characteristic that obtains high brightness even at various angles. That is, the white reflective layer used in a part or the whole of the non-modulation part of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is the non-modulation part of the conventional reflection type LCD (a light shielding layer is provided or nothing is provided (wiring or liquid crystal layer). Occupies the area))), a higher reflectance is obtained.

As described above, the most required performance of the reflective LCD is brightness, that is, reflectance. Conventionally, in a transmissive LCD, a light-shielding layer is provided in the non-modulation section in order to improve the contrast ratio characteristic. No measures were taken to improve the rate characteristics. Therefore, the total reflectance of the modulated portion and the non-modulated portion was low.

On the other hand, in the present invention, the non-modulation portion is provided with the white reflection layer having a remarkably high reflectance, and the non-modulation portion always obtains high reflection regardless of the state of the modulation portion. Therefore, the overall reflectance is significantly improved as compared with the case where the white reflective layer is not provided.

As described above, if the white reflective layer has a layer thickness and arrangement so as to obtain a reflectance higher than that of the non-modulation portion of the conventional reflective LCD, the above-described effect can be obtained. For example,
As shown in FIG. 8, when applied to a character display consisting of 7 segments 23 having a relatively large display pattern,
The white reflective layer 20 may be provided on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 11 of the non-modulation section B with a layer thickness that can obtain sufficient complete diffuse reflection characteristics. However, in the case where the display pattern is a high-definition pattern that is finer than the plate thickness of the substrate 11, it is desirable to provide the white reflective layer 20 on the inner surface of the substrate as shown in FIG. 7 in order to prevent parallax due to the substrate thickness.

As described above, the effect of the present invention can be obtained irrespective of the layer thickness by configuring the layer thickness and arrangement of the white reflective layer so as to obtain a higher reflectance than the non-modulation part of the conventional reflective LCD. Therefore, the layer thickness does not have to reach the liquid crystal layer thickness (substrate gap), and when the manufacturing method in which the white reflective layer is formed on one of the substrates in the substrate manufacturing process, light absorption in the liquid crystal layer is prevented. In order to avoid it, it is better to provide it on the inner surface of the substrate on the observation side. Dye-added reflective type L, which absorbs a lot of light especially in the liquid crystal layer
In the CD, the above-mentioned effect is great, and in the NB mode, which shows a dark state when no voltage is applied, the amount of light absorption in the liquid crystal layer is extremely high, and therefore the effect is great.

When the present invention is applied to a matrix type LCD, the non-modulation section B is necessarily provided with wiring. Here, the wiring is a conductor provided for connecting the outside of the cell and the electrode of the modulation section to apply a voltage or the like to the modulation section. For example, in the case of an electrode structure of a simple matrix structure, as shown in FIG. 9, the upper and lower electrodes 13 and 14 of the electrode pattern in the region 24 that constitutes one pixel are
Conductor regions 13 ₁ and 14 ₁ other than the intersecting portion (modulation portion A) of
Refers to.

In order to maximize the above-mentioned overall reflectance, the white reflective layer should be provided in the entire non-modulation section B in the display area when seen in a plan view.

However, MI as shown in FIG.
When the matrix substrate 11 with the M element 18 is used, the wiring 22 is generally made of a light-shielding conductive material (eg, Al).
To use. In this way, use a light-shielding material for the wiring,
In order to provide the white reflective layer 20 on this substrate so as to function over the entire non-modulation part B in the display area, the white reflective layer must be provided under the wiring.

However, in order to provide the lower layer of the wiring, it is necessary to form the wiring layer 22 on the white reflective layer 20, and the resistance to the white reflective layer material is required in the wiring pattern forming step. Therefore, the matrix type L
In the CD, as shown in FIG. 10, practically, in the non-modulation section B (area other than the pixel electrode 13) in the display area, only in the area other than the wiring section 22, that is, in the space section 21, the white reflective layer is formed. With the structure provided with 20, it is not necessary to have resistance to the white reflective layer material in the wiring pattern forming step.

It is needless to say that the white reflective layer used in the present invention can obtain the effect as long as it can obtain strong diffuse reflection. Alumina (aluminum oxide), the above-mentioned MgO (magnesium oxide), or the like can be applied as the material capable of obtaining such a strong diffuse reflection. Particularly, when a resist material in which a white pigment is dispersed is used as the material, the white reflective layer In the pattern forming step, the white reflective layer material itself can be formed simply by exposing and developing it. Therefore, the process can be simplified as compared with a material that requires etching after exposure and development using a resist material separately. As a material used for this white pigment, TiO ₂ is particularly excellent in terms of dispersibility. TiO ₂ is also particularly excellent when a resist material in which a white pigment is dispersed is used in the white reflective layer of the present invention.

Further, when the present invention is applied to a reflective LCD that performs color display using a color filter, a colored layer having substantially the same shape as the modulation portion is formed, and the white reflective layer is provided in a region other than this colored layer. In this case, it is possible to eliminate the surface step caused by the thickness of the colored layer by the white reflective layer. Further, when the white reflective layer is formed of a resist material in which a white pigment is dispersed, it is possible to perform patterning by back surface exposure using the colored layer itself as a photomask. Further, by providing the white reflective layer in the area other than the colored layer, in addition to the effect of improving the overall reflectance described above, the effect of preventing coloring of the non-modulated portion can be obtained.

The effect of the first aspect of the present invention can be obtained in various reflective LCDs. In particular, a method in which a dye is added to the liquid crystal layer (because the dye is added to the liquid crystal material is generally used as a guest If it is applied to a host (GH) type LCD, the effect is great. The reason why the dye is added to the liquid crystal layer is that the degree of light absorption in the liquid crystal layer is high because the dye is added.

As described above, in the conventional GH type LCD shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, a high contrast ratio is obtained with one liquid crystal layer (one cell), and display is performed with one liquid crystal layer. Since it has a function to obtain, the reflectance of the modulator is also high. Therefore, a black dye is used as the dye, and as the quarter wavelength plate, a quarter wavelength plate (for example, two different types) that can obtain a phase difference of a quarter wavelength of each wavelength with respect to the entire visible light wavelength range. It suffices to stack stretched films made of the above material by shifting the optical axis and combine the wavelength dependences of the respective retardations so that a quarter wavelength retardation can be obtained for all wavelengths. ), An extremely high contrast ratio and reflectance can be obtained in the modulator.

In this display mode, the non-modulation section is always in the dark state regardless of the state of the modulation section. That is, NB
Mode. Therefore, when the white reflective layer is provided in the non-modulation portion as in the present invention, the overall reflectance is significantly improved.

In the configuration of the present invention shown in FIG. 10, a dot matrix substrate with an MIM element is used as the substrate 11 on the observation side, and a region other than the wiring portion and the modulation portion, that is, the space portion 21.
Although the white reflective layer 20 is provided over the entire area, the substrate 11 with the white reflective layer 20 is prepared by the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 11A to 12C.

Step (I) M is formed on one surface of the observation side substrate 11.
The IM element 18 and the wiring 22 are formed (FIG. 11).
(A)).

Step (II) An indium tin oxide (ITO) film 13a is formed on the surface of the substrate by the sputtering method. A resist film 25a is applied on the ITO film 13a by coating (FIG. 11B).

Step (III) The resist film 25a is exposed to ultraviolet UV through the mask pattern 26, and is developed while leaving only the resist film 23 on the ITO film which will be the pixel electrode 13 in the subsequent step (FIG. 11C). ).

Step (IV) Next, the ITO film 13a is etched by using the resist film 25 as a mask to form an electrode pattern consisting of only pixel electrode portions (FIG. 12A).

Step (V) A resist film 20a containing TiO ₂ is applied to the entire surface of the substrate by coating (FIG. 12).
(B)).

Step (VI) The resist film 25 on the pixel electrode 13 is peeled off, and at the same time, TiO ₂ is applied on the pixel electrode.
The resist film 20a mixed with is removed. As a result, the white reflective layer 20 is formed in the area other than the pixel electrode 13, that is, in the non-modulation portion B (FIG. 12C).

As described above, the pattern of the wiring 22 and the pixel electrode 13 is formed by photolithography, and the resist used is a positive type (a type in which only the region irradiated with ultraviolet rays is removed in the developing process). Resist)
Is. The features of the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 11A to 12C are that the resist used in the pattern forming step of the wiring portion and the modulation portion is not peeled off, and the material of the white reflective layer is applied on the resist.
Then, by removing the resist used in the pattern forming process of the wiring part and the modulation part, only the white reflective layer on the resist used in the pattern forming process of the wiring part and the modulation part is removed simultaneously with the resist. As a result, the white reflective layer can be pattern-formed in the area other than the wiring portion and the modulation portion.

As described above, it is general practice to form a film on the resist used for the other pattern forming process without peeling it off, and to pattern the film formed thereon by peeling off the resist. Traditionally, it is called the lift-off method. In the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect of the present invention, if the white reflective layer is formed by using this method, the development and exposure steps for forming the pattern of the white reflective layer are not required, which leads to a low manufacturing cost. Can be manufactured. In addition, it is possible to sufficiently obtain the alignment accuracy of the pattern of the white reflective layer with the modulation section and the wiring section. This is because the development and exposure steps are not performed individually. In this lift-off method, even when the white reflective layer is patterned on the entire area other than the modulation section or when the pattern is formed on the area other than the coloring layer of the color filter, the modulation section and the coloring layer of the color filter are positive. The same action and effect can be obtained by the photolithography method using the mold resist.

Further, as shown in FIG. 13, if the white reflective layer 20 used in the present invention is formed on the inner surface of the cell and the layer thickness of the white reflective layer is the desired layer thickness of the liquid crystal composition 15, the white layer is obtained. The reflective layer has the function of a substrate gap material. In this case, compared with a method in which so-called granular spacers are scattered as the substrate gap material over the entire substrate, the process can be simplified and the influence on the modulation portion can be prevented.

The operation of the liquid crystal display device according to the first aspect of the present invention has been described above by using an example of the configuration, but the operation and effect of the first aspect of the present invention are limited to these examples. Needless to say, the same action and effect can be obtained as long as the configuration, material, and manufacturing method obtain the characteristics of the first aspect of the present invention. For example, as the substrate to be used, even a dot matrix substrate with a TFT element,
Similar actions and effects can be obtained. In addition, even if the white reflective layer has a slight tint, if the reflectance of the modulated portion in the bright state or the reflectance higher than that of the conventional non-modulated portion is obtained,
It is clear from the operation of the present invention that a certain effect can be obtained. The first aspect of the present invention can be applied to various types of liquid crystal display elements typically described as the prior art.

As described above, the reflectance and the contrast ratio of the element are improved by providing the white reflective layer, that is, the diffuse reflective layer in the non-modulation part. However, the diffuse reflective layer is separated and the light diffusing layer is separated. The second and third aspects are separated into a reflective layer and a reflective layer. In these modes, the contrast ratio is further improved and the viewing angle characteristics are also improved.

Of these, in the second mode, the light diffusion layer is provided on the observation side (first) substrate, and the specular reflection layer is provided on the opposite side (second) substrate. In the third aspect, the light diffusion layer and the specular reflection layer are provided on the substrate (1).

In the GH type liquid crystal display device according to the second aspect of the present invention, the liquid crystal composition is a nematic liquid crystal having a dielectric anisotropy containing a dichroic black dye,
When the liquid crystal molecule obtains a dark state, it functions as an analyzer that reflects the light reflected by the reflection layer or the reflection plate and absorbs the linearly polarized light by the quarter-wave retardation plate.
A display with high contrast of light and dark can be obtained. Further, since the light diffusion plate is arranged on the display observation side of the liquid crystal cell, and the specular reflection layer or the reflection plate having no light scattering property is arranged behind the display observation side, the background of the display screen The reflection is greatly reduced.

Further, when only one polarizing plate is arranged between the liquid crystal layer and the light diffusing plate, the light utilization efficiency is higher than that of the conventional liquid crystal display device using two polarizing plates. In addition to obtaining a bright display screen, since a specular reflection layer or a specular reflection plate with no light scattering property is used as a reflection plate,
Polarization is not disturbed in the liquid crystal cell, and high-contrast display is realized. Further, since the light diffusing plate is arranged on the display observation side of the liquid crystal cell, the reflection of the background on the screen is significantly reduced, and a display having no viewing angle dependency can be obtained.

Further, when the retardation plate is arranged between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal layer (liquid crystal cell) or between the liquid crystal layer and the specular reflection layer, the retardation value of the retardation plate is set to the liquid crystal cell. It is possible to realize black and white display by properly combining it with that.

The following are specific examples of the liquid crystal display device according to the second and third aspects of the present invention.

(1) A reflective liquid crystal display element further comprising a second reflective layer formed on any one of the main surfaces of the second substrate.

(2) In (1), the second reflective layer is
A reflective liquid crystal display element formed on at least a part of a main surface of a second substrate on which a second electrode is formed.

(3) In (2), the second reflective layer is
A reflective liquid crystal display element that also serves as a second electrode.

(4) In (1), the second reflective layer is
A reflective liquid crystal display element formed on the second electrode.

(5) In (1), the second reflective layer is
A reflective liquid crystal display element formed on at least a part of a main surface of the second substrate opposite to the main surface on which the second electrode is formed.

(6) In (1), the second reflective layer is
A reflective liquid crystal display device containing Al or Ag as a main component.

(7) A reflective liquid crystal display device having a color filter on the side of one of the first and second substrates on which the electrode is formed.

(8) The color filter is arranged on the light diffusing layer, and the reflecting layer is the color filter.
A reflective liquid crystal display element arranged above.

(9) In the reflective liquid crystal display element, the light diffusing layer is composed of first and second transparent refractive index media having different refractive indexes.

(10) In (9), the first transparent refractive index medium contains a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, SiO ₂ , and polyimide as a main component, and the second transparent refractive index medium is Is a reflection type liquid crystal display device containing as a main component an acrylic material which is a solvent of the first transparent refractive index medium.

(11) In (9), the first and second transparent refractive index media have an average refractive index of ± 10 of the liquid crystal composition.
A reflective liquid crystal display device having a refractive index within the range of%.

(12) In (11), the first transparent refractive index medium has a refractive index which is substantially equal to or close to the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal composition, and the second transparent refractive index medium is A reflective liquid crystal display device having a refractive index that is substantially equal to or close to the extraordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal composition.

(13) In (11), the light diffusion layer is
A reflection type liquid crystal display element, which is a diffraction grating formed by arranging first and second transparent refractive index media substantially in a plane.

(14) In (13), the diffraction grating is
A reflective liquid crystal display device comprising first and second transparent refractive index media arranged in a check pattern.

(15) In (11), the first transparent refractive index medium contains as a main component a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, SiO ₂ , and polyimide, and has the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal composition. The second transparent refractive index medium has a refractive index that is substantially equal to or close to that of the second transparent refractive index medium containing as a main component a material selected from the group consisting of ITO and silicon nitride,
A value δnD obtained by multiplying the difference δn between the refractive index of the second transparent refractive index medium and the first transparent refractive index medium by the layer thickness D of the light diffusion layer is 0.
1 μm to 0.4 μm, and the light diffusion layer includes the first and second light diffusion layers.
A reflective liquid crystal display element, which is a diffraction grating formed by arranging the transparent refractive index mediums in a check pattern on a plane.

(16) In (1), the second reflective layer contains Al or Ag as a main component, and the light diffusion layer is 2
A reflective liquid crystal display element made of a transparent index medium of one kind.

(17) The liquid crystal composition is a reflective liquid crystal display device containing a dichroic dye.

(18) The liquid crystal composition is a nematic liquid crystal containing a black dye and exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy.
And a reflective liquid crystal display element in which homogeneous molecules are arranged between the second substrates, and a quarter-wave plate and a second reflecting plate are arranged on the second substrate side.

(19) In (17), the quarter-wave plate and the second reflection plate are of the reflection type arranged on the side of the main surface of the second substrate on which the second electrode is formed. Liquid crystal display device. (20) The liquid crystal composition is a reflective liquid crystal display device having a light reflecting function and also serving as the first reflective layer.

(21) In the reflective liquid crystal display device according to (20), the liquid crystal composition is a polymer dispersion type liquid crystal composition.

(22) In the reflective liquid crystal display device according to (21), the polymer dispersed liquid crystal composition is an emulsion polymer dispersed liquid crystal composition.

(23) A reflective liquid crystal display device which is an active matrix liquid crystal display device having one of a thin film transistor and a thin film diode.

(24) In the reflection type liquid crystal display element having the wiring function of either the thin film transistor or the thin film diode, the first reflecting layer is the thin film transistor.

(25) A reflection type liquid crystal display element in which a reflection plate composed of a concave mirror reflection lens is arranged on the side of the second substrate opposite to the main surface on which the second electrode is formed.

Next, the principles of the second and third aspects of the present invention will be described.

The light diffusion layer is for diffusing incident light. In order to diffuse the incident light,
As shown in FIG. 5, two or more kinds of refractive index media may be arranged three-dimensionally, and light may be bent according to the difference in the refractive index between the media. The more multi-directional (random) this three-dimensional arrangement is, the higher the diffusivity is. Further, the larger the difference in the refractive index between the media, the more the light is bent, so that the diffusivity is enhanced. The higher the diffusivity, the higher the viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display element. However, since the brightness is averaged, the brightness when viewed from one side may decrease.

In this way, as an example of executing the light diffusion method (refractive effect) in which two or more kinds of refractive index media are three-dimensionally arranged and light is bent by the refractive index difference between the media, the main component is polystyrene. , SiOx, polyimide, ITO, S
There is a method in which fine particles made of iNx or the like are dispersed in a medium having a different refractive index (for example, acrylic resin). Further, as another example, there is a method of dispersing a liquid crystal in a polymer such as PDLC.

On the other hand, as another method for diffusing light, 2
There is a method of arranging two or more kinds of refractive index media two-dimensionally and generating a light diffraction phenomenon between the media. For example, as shown in FIG. 36, if the layer thickness and the refractive index of the medium are controlled so that the phase shifts by one pitch between the two types of medium, the light diffuses due to the diffraction grating effect.

Regarding the diffusion due to the diffraction grating effect,
The diffusion direction of light is determined by the planar (two-dimensional) refractive index distribution shape. As the distribution is two-dimensionally multi-directional,
The diffusion direction is multi-direction. Therefore, FIG.
As shown in (c), a checkered arrangement in which a triangle and a quadrangle are the minimum constituent units is preferable. As a specific example, two or more kinds of refractive index mediums described above are three-dimensionally arranged, and a member is patterned in the same manner as in the light diffusion method of bending light by the difference in refractive index between the mediums. The different media may be formed as a film on the film.

These light diffusion layers only have to have the function of diffusing light, and when light is reflected by this diffusion layer, the contrast ratio is lowered. This is because when the light is reflected regardless of display control by the liquid crystal layer, the brightness of black display is increased, and as a result, the contrast ratio is lowered. Therefore, in designing the light diffusing layer, it is preferable to design so that reflection does not occur as much as possible.

38 and 39 illustrate the light reflecting action in the above-mentioned two types of light diffusing methods. Figure 38
Is due to the refraction effect. FIG. 39 is due to the diffraction effect. In any case, the light-reflecting effect becomes greater as the refractive index between media having different refractive indices becomes larger.

The light diffusion layer is arranged inside and outside the observation substrate. It is preferable to dispose on the inner side of the observing substrate (on the side of the liquid crystal layer) because the distance from the light control layer (the liquid crystal layer) becomes shorter and the display blurring (blurring) is eliminated. In this case, a liquid crystal layer and a light diffusion layer may be formed as one of the media having different refractive indexes. In order to reduce reflection, it is better that the difference between the two refractive indices is smaller.

By the way, in the light diffusion method based on the refraction effect shown in FIG. 38, two types of refractive index media are three-dimensionally dispersed and light is diffused by the difference in the refractive index. This means that since the degree of the reflection component described above depends on the difference in the refractive index, this method makes a trade-off between the light diffusivity and the degree of the reflection component (= contrast ratio).

On the other hand, in the light diffusion method based on the diffraction effect shown in FIG. 39, since it is not necessary to provide a difference in refractive index in the light incident direction, the light diffusivity is not directly related to the degree of the reflection component. Therefore, the light diffusion method based on the diffraction effect becomes a more preferable light diffusion layer.

The above-mentioned light reflecting action occurs also between the light diffusing layer and other members, that is, the liquid crystal layer, the alignment film and the substrate.
It is preferable that the light reflecting action here is also small. As described above, the light reflection effect becomes greater as the two refractive indexes differ, so the smaller the difference in refractive index between the light diffusion layer and the other member, the better. The light diffusion layer is composed of two or more kinds of refractive index media, and needs a refractive index to obtain a diffusion effect. The required value of the difference in refractive index will be described later, but the most preferable one is the average of the refractive indices of two types of refractive index media in which the member (liquid crystal layer, alignment film, substrate) adjacent to the light diffusion layer is the light diffusion layer. It is time to equal the rate.

According to the light diffusing method based on the refractive index effect shown in FIG. 38, in the structure arranged inside the observation substrate (on the liquid crystal layer side), the difference in the refractive index between the light diffusing layer and another member (= liquid crystal layer). Is the average refractive index of the liquid crystal composition ±
It was found that the reflection component becomes too high unless it is set within 10%.

When the light diffusing method by the diffraction effect shown in FIG. 39 is used, the light diffusing property is determined by the following equation (1). The larger the value of I, the higher the light diffusivity.

I to sin ² (π · δn · D / λ) (1) I: Light diffusivity.

Δn: Refractive index difference between two refractive index media of light diffusing layer (diffraction grating layer) D: Layer thickness of light diffusing layer (diffraction grating layer) λ: Incident light wavelength Incident light, necessary light is It is the entire visible light. Therefore, δ
The setting of n · D may be designed according to the central wavelength of visible light. When λ is set to 550 nm, the value of the equation (1) becomes 25% or more (which means that 25% or more of incident light is diffused), and the value of δn · D is 0.1 μm to 0 μm. It becomes 4 μm. The present inventors have confirmed by experiments that if δn · D has a value in this range, the light diffusion function is sufficient even if the reflective layer is a reflective layer that obtains specular reflection.

Since the light diffusion function is higher when the reflection layer is diffuse reflection, it is clear that the light diffusion function is sufficient if δn · D is in this range.

When forming the diffraction grating, if one of the refractive index media is a transparent conductive material, the media itself can be used as an electrode. Specific examples are ITO and SnOx.

In the case where such a light diffusion layer and a reflection layer are separated, as shown in FIG. 39, if a reflection layer is provided between the light diffusion layer and the liquid crystal layer in at least one region of the non-modulation section, It is possible to obtain the same effect as the configuration in which the white reflective layer described above is provided in at least one region of the non-modulation portion. In this case, the effects of the above-described configuration in which the light diffusion layer and the reflection layer are separated can be obtained at the same time, so that both effects can be obtained.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Example 1 FIGS. 14 to 17 show a liquid crystal display device of this example.

Using two 0.7 mm thick glass substrates, as shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b), a pattern of electrodes 13 having MIM elements 18 is formed on the upper substrate 11 on one observation side. did. FIG. 14A shows an electrode shape of one pixel, and each pixel has dimensions of 180 μm × 180 μm in length and width. FIG. 14B shows the shape of the effective display area of the upper substrate 11, in which the pixels are arranged in a matrix. Number of pixels 480 x 3 within 57.6 mm x 86.4 mm
Twenty are arranged.

As shown in FIG. 15, the upper substrate 11 on the observation side
The MIM element 18, the wiring 22, and the transparent electrode 13 are formed on the substrate, and the white reflective layer 20 is formed on the region excluding the transparent electrode 13 and the position of the non-modulation portion B.

On the other hand, a plurality of stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 14 are formed in parallel on the opposing lower substrate 12 so as to correspond to the pixel electrodes. Alignment films 16 and 17 are deposited on these electrodes 13 and 14, and the liquid crystal composition layer 15 is sandwiched between the substrates.

The liquid crystal display device according to this example is manufactured as follows.

That is, first, the upper substrate 1 shown in FIG.
A first Ta layer 18a whose surface is oxidized (a TaO ₂ film having a film thickness of 1000 angstrom is provided on the surface) is formed on the surface of 1 in a pattern as shown in the drawing, and thereafter,
The second Ta layer 22 (thickness: 1000 A) was formed in the shape of a wiring pattern partially covering the first Ta film 18a as illustrated.

Thereafter, an ITO film having a thickness of 2000 A is formed on the entire surface of the substrate, and a positive resist material (OFPR-5000, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) is applied as the resist material on the entire surface, and the resist material is applied at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. After calcination is performed, exposure is performed using a mask so that a pixel electrode pattern can be formed, and N
After development with MD3 solution (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.), FIG.
Only the ITO film indicated by reference numeral 13 in (a) is covered with the resist pattern.

Next, using this resist pattern as a mask, an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid / nitric acid (mixing ratio hydrochloric acid 10 / nitric acid 1
-ITO was etched with water 10). After that, the resist pattern is not peeled off, and FIG.
A resist material (TiO ₂ dispersion liquid: made by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) in which TiO ₂ is dispersed is printed on the entire surface of the effective display area 11a shown in the substrate of FIG.
After calcination for 30 minutes, the resist coated only on the ITO film 13 shown in FIG. 14A was peeled off with an ST10 solution (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.).

As a result, of the resist material film in which TiO ₂ was dispersed, the portion above the resist on the ITO film 13 was removed together with the resist, and the pattern of the resist material film could be formed only in the other regions. Then, the T
For the purpose of completely curing the resist material in which io ₂ was dispersed, the substrate was baked at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes, and when viewed from the back surface of the substrate, the pixel electrode in the effective display area (ITO film 1 in FIG.
3) and the area other than the MIM 18 and the wiring portion 22, that is, a part of the non-modulation portion B, the white reflective layer 20 which is the feature of the first aspect of the present invention can be formed.

Further, as the opposing substrate 12, FIG.
A substrate having the ITO stripe pattern electrode 14 shown in (c) and 14 (d) was prepared. Here, FIG.
FIG. 14C shows the pattern shape corresponding to one pixel, and FIG. 14D shows the shape of the effective display area 12a.

Alignment agents (AL-1051, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) are printed and baked in the effective display areas of the two substrates thus obtained to form alignment films 16 and 17, and these alignment films are formed. 16 and 17 were rubbed in a direction parallel to the ITO stripe pattern and opposite to each other by 180 ° between facing substrates.

Next, a substrate interstitial material (Micropearl SP, manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 5 μm was sprayed on the viewing side substrate at a spraying density of 100 / mm ^2, and a width of 5 mm around the effective display area of the counter substrate. A peripheral seal pattern provided with the openings was formed by screen printing. The seal material used here is a one-component epoxy resin (XN-21,
Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Next, the two substrates 11 and 12 are connected to the electrode 1
The empty cells used in the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment are stacked so that the surfaces 3 and 14 face each other, and are baked at 180 ° C. for 2 hours while applying pressure so that the substrate gap becomes equal to the particle size of the substrate gap material. Got Thereafter, a nematic liquid crystal material ZL showing a positive dielectric anisotropy as a liquid crystal material in the empty cell.
I-2293 (manufactured by Merck Japan Co., Ltd.) 151 to which 2.0 wt% of black dye LA103 / 4 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.) 152 was added was injected by a reduced pressure injection method to obtain a liquid crystal composition layer 15 And

Then, the opening of the peripheral seal pattern was sealed with an ultraviolet curable resin UV-1000 (manufactured by Sony Chemical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a liquid crystal cell used in the liquid crystal display device of this example. After that, as shown in FIG. 15, the substrate 1
A quarter-wave plate 31 and a reflection plate 30 were attached to 2 to obtain a liquid crystal display element of this example. Reflector 30 used here
Is an M type diffuse reflector (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) which is an Al vapor deposition type diffuse reflector, and is a quarter wavelength plate 31.
Is a laminated type quarter-wave plate (manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd.) in the entire wavelength range, and each has a paste.

The structure of the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment has a white reflective layer 20 in the space portion of the viewing side substrate 11, and the material thereof is a resist material of white pigment made of TiO ₂ . The manufacturing method is a lift-off method using the resist pattern used in the pattern forming process of the pixel ITO electrode.

The liquid crystal display mode is a GH type using a liquid crystal composition to which a dye is added, and
It is a display mode of the configuration shown in FIGS. 16 (a) and 16 (b) in which a one-half wavelength plate is added. That is, when no voltage is applied, the unpolarized incident light Li passes through the liquid crystal composition layer 15 and becomes linearly polarized light, as shown in FIG.
It becomes circularly polarized light at the wave plate 31, reaches the reflection plate 30, is reflected as it is circularly polarized light, and passes through the quarter wave plate 31 again, but the direction of the linearly polarized light at this time is 90 degrees at the time of incidence.
Since it rotates by °, it is blocked by the liquid crystal composition layer 15 and the reflected light L
r is blocked. On the other hand, when a voltage is applied, as shown in FIG. 16B, the non-polarized light of the incident light Li changes to the liquid crystal composition layer 1
5 becomes linearly polarized light, becomes quarterly polarized light at the quarter wavelength plate 31, reaches circularly polarized light at the reflection plate 30, is reflected as circularly polarized light, and again passes through the quarter wavelength plate 31 by the voltage. Similar to the non-applied state, the reflected light Lr that has passed through the quarter-wave plate 31 passes through the liquid crystal composition layer 15 as it is.

The reflectance and contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device of this example obtained as described above were measured by the measuring device shown in FIG. The measurement is carried out by disposing a luminance meter 40 at a distance of 30 cm from the center of the sample in the direction of the normal line, and at the substantially same height in the direction forming an angle of 30 ° with the normal line, as shown in the figure, for three wavelengths of red, green and blue. High color rendering fluorescent lamp 4 that emits light
Two lamps 1 and 42 are arranged so that the illuminance of the sample 43 portion becomes 580 lux, and the standard diffusion plate (MgO
The brightness of the plate) is measured, and this brightness is set to 100% reflectance,
The reflectance and contrast of the sample were measured.

The results are shown in the table below together with other examples shown below.

[0129]

[Table 1]

MI so that the applied voltage to the liquid crystal layer becomes 4V.
When a voltage is applied to the entire surface (all pixels) using the M element, the reflectance is as high as 80%, and the MIM element is used so that the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer is 0V and 4V. When a contrast ratio was measured by applying a voltage to the entire surface (all pixels), as shown in the above table, it was an extremely high value of 8: 1.

Comparative Example 1 A liquid crystal display device having a structure without the white reflective layer in Example 1 was prepared. The structure was the same except that the white reflective layer was not provided, and the material and manufacturing method were the same as in Example 1. When the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the reflectance was 60%, which was a remarkably low value as compared with Example 1. Also, the contrast ratio is 9: 1,
It was found that the liquid crystal display element of the present invention of Example 1 obtained a sufficient value even if the white reflective layer was provided.

Example 2 Two 0.7 mm thick glass substrates were used, and one lower substrate 1 was used.
A substrate with an MIM element 18 as shown in FIGS. 18 (a) and 18 (b) was prepared in FIG. FIG. 18A shows the electrode shape of one pixel, and the electrode 14Y for yellow, the electrode 14M for magenta, and the electrode 14C for cyan are arranged in one pixel region of 180 μm × 180 μm. FIG. 18B shows the shape of the effective display area 12b. 480 pixels
It is (× 3) × 320. This substrate 12 is used as a counter substrate of the observation side substrate. In this embodiment, neither pattern is formed by using the lift-off method, and the resist is peeled off.

Next, as the observation side substrate 11, FIG.
Substrates with color filters shown in (c) and 18 (d) were prepared. A substrate with a color filter 27 consisting of three colored layers of yellow 27Y, magenta 27M, and cyan 27C as shown in FIGS. 18 (c) and 18 (d) was used, and an ITO film was formed to a thickness of 2000A on the entire surface of this substrate. did. The film thickness of each color filter is 18000A.

Next, as a resist material, a positive type resist material (OFPR-5000, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) was applied on the entire surface, and calcination was carried out at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes.
The ITO film 13 having the shape shown in FIG. 8C is exposed by using a mask so that it can be patterned, and developed with an NMD3 solution (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.), and I shown in FIG.
After forming a resist pattern covering only the TO film 13, the resist pattern is used as a mask,
Hydrochloric acid / nitric acid aqueous solution (mixture ratio hydrochloric acid 10 / nitric acid 1 / water 10)
Etching was carried out.

[0135] Thereafter, a resist material (TiO ₂ dispersion, Ltd. Japan Synthetic Rubber) was dispersed TiO ₂ enable the entire display area shown in FIG. 18 (d), and was printed to a thickness 20000 A, After calcination at 100 ° C. for 30 minutes, the resist pattern covering only the ITO film 13 in FIG. 18C was peeled off with ST10 solution (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.). As a result, of the resist material in which TiO ₂ was dispersed, the resist was removed together with the portion on the ITO film 13, and the pattern of the resist material film could be formed only in the other regions.

Then, the substrate was heated at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes in order to completely cure the resist material in which the TiO ₂ was dispersed.
After the partial baking, the white reflective layer 20, which is the feature of the first aspect of the present invention, could be formed in the area other than the colored portion of the color filter in the effective display area when viewed from the back surface of the substrate.

In the effective display area of this substrate, both the film thickness of the white reflective layer and the film thickness of the colored portion of the color filter (film thickness of the color filter + film thickness of ITO) are 20000 A, and no surface step is formed. . As described above, in this embodiment, the white reflective layer is configured to eliminate the step between the colored portion of the color filter and the other regions.

The two substrates thus obtained were made into cells by the same material and manufacturing method as in Example 1 as shown in FIG. 19, and the quarter-wave plate 31 was made by the same material and manufacturing method as in Example 1. Then, the reflection plate 30 was attached to obtain a liquid crystal display element.

The reflectance and the contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device of the present example thus obtained were measured by the same method as in Example 1. The reflectance was 50% despite absorption by the color filter. It was a very high value, and when the contrast ratio was measured, it was a very high value of 5: 1.

Comparative Example 2 A liquid crystal display device having a structure without a white reflective layer in Example 2 was prepared. The structure was the same except that the white reflective layer was not provided, and the material and the manufacturing method were the same as in Example 2. When the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the reflectance was 25%, which was a significantly low value as compared with Example 2. Also, the contrast ratio is 6: 1,
It was found that the liquid crystal display element of the present invention of Example 2 obtained a sufficient value even if the white reflective layer was provided.

(Embodiment 3) Two glass substrates having a thickness of 0.7 mm are used, and one substrate 11 has a structure shown in FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b).
A substrate with TFT 18 as shown in was prepared. FIG.
20A shows the shape of the electrode of one pixel, and FIG. 20B shows the shape of the effective display area. One pixel is 180μm × 180μ
m, and the number of pixels is 480 × 320. This substrate 11 is used as an observation side substrate.

First, similarly to the case shown in FIG. 14A, the TFT switching element 18 is formed on the substrate 11, and thereafter, an ITO film is formed to a film thickness of 2000 A on the entire surface of the substrate,
Positive resist material as a resist material: OFPR-
5000 (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) is applied to the entire surface and 60 ° C
After pre-baking for 30 minutes, exposure is performed using a mask so that a square shape shown in the figure can be formed, and NMD3
Develop with solution (Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) and leave as electrode I
Only the TO film 13 was covered with the resist pattern.

Next, using this resist pattern as a mask, an aqueous hydrochloric acid / nitric acid solution (mixing ratio hydrochloric acid 10 / nitric acid 1
-ITO was etched with water 10). After a while
A resist material (TiO ₂ dispersion liquid: manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) in which TiO ₂ is dispersed over the entire effective display area 11c of the substrate 11 shown in FIG. 20B without removing the resist pattern is formed into a film. Print at 2000A and 100 ℃
After calcination for 30 minutes, the resist pattern covering only the ITO film 13 of FIG. 20A was peeled off with an ST10 solution (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.).

As a result, of the resist material film in which the TiO ₂ was dispersed, the portion above the resist on the ITO film 13 was removed together with the resist, and the pattern of the resist material film could be formed only in the other regions. . Next, for the purpose of completely curing the resist material in which the TiO ₂ is dispersed, the substrate is baked at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes, and when viewed from the back surface of the substrate, the pixel electrode in the effective display area (I in FIG.
TO film 13) and wiring portion (gate line, signal line) 22,
The white reflective layer 20, which is the feature of the first aspect of the present invention, could be formed in the space region other than the TFT element 18.

Further, a substrate (not shown) having an ITO solid electrode was used as a counter substrate, and AL-10 was used as an alignment film.
51 (made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) is printed in the effective display area.
After firing, lapping is performed in a direction in which the facing substrates are 180 ° opposite to each other, and then Micropearl SP (manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 8 μm is sprayed on the observing side substrate as a substrate gap material. It was sprayed at 100 / mm ^2, and a peripheral seal pattern having an opening with a width of 5 mm was formed around the effective display area of the counter substrate by a screen printing method. The sealing material used here is XN-21 (manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.), which is a one-component epoxy resin.

Next, the two substrates are stacked so that the electrode surfaces face each other, and baked at 180 ° C. for 2 hours while pressurizing so that the substrate gap becomes equal to the particle size of the substrate gap material, An empty cell used for the liquid crystal display element of the example was obtained.
Thereafter, a nematic liquid crystal material (ZLI-2293, which exhibits a positive dielectric anisotropy as a liquid crystal material in the empty cell, is provided.
Chiral material (S101 manufactured by Merck Japan Co., Ltd.)
1, 2% by weight of Merck Japan Co., Ltd., and 2.0% of black dye (LA103 / 4, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.)
% Addition is performed by a reduced pressure injection method, and the opening of the peripheral seal pattern is filled with an ultraviolet curable resin UV-1000.
A liquid crystal cell used in the liquid crystal display device of this example was obtained by sealing with (manufactured by Sony Chemical Co., Ltd.).

The liquid crystal display element produced in this example is P
It is a C-GH type LCD, and the helical pitch of the liquid crystal material used is set to 1.4 μm (controlled by the addition amount of the chiral material). The helical pitch is the liquid crystal layer thickness (setting 8μ
m), the spiral axis is deviated from the normal direction, and the orientation of dye molecules becomes practically random when no voltage is applied, resulting in a sufficient light absorption effect (effect of obtaining a dark state). can get.

An M-type diffuse reflector (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) was attached to the outer surface of the counter substrate of the liquid crystal cell thus obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a liquid crystal display element of this example.

The reflectance and contrast ratio of this liquid crystal display element were measured by the same method as in Example 1. As a result, the voltage was applied to the entire surface (all pixels) by using the TFT element so that the applied voltage to the liquid crystal layer was 14V. When applied, the reflectance is as high as 80%, and the applied voltage to the liquid crystal layer is 0V and 14V.
When a contrast ratio was measured by applying a voltage to the entire surface (all pixels) using a TFT element so as to be V, it was an extremely high value of 9: 1. Here, the reason why the contrast ratio is higher than that of the first embodiment is that the TFT element is used as the switching element, which is irrelevant to the operation of the present invention.

(Example 4) This example is the same as Example 3 except that MgO was used as the pigment used for the white pigment forming the white reflective layer. The liquid crystal display element concerning.

As with the liquid crystal display element according to Example 3, the liquid crystal display element was measured for reflectance and contrast ratio at the driving voltage of 14 V by the same method as described in Example 1. The value was 78%, which was an extremely high value as compared with Example 3, and when the contrast ratio was measured, it was an extremely high value of 9: 1.

(Comparative Example 3) In Example 3, a liquid crystal display device having a structure without a white reflective layer was prepared. The structure was the same as in Example 3 except that the white reflective layer was not provided, and the material and manufacturing method were the same as in Example 3. When the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured in the same manner as in Example 1, the reflectance was 60%, which was a remarkably low value as compared with Examples 3 and 4. Further, the contrast ratio was also 10: 1, and it was found that the liquid crystal display devices of Examples 3 and 4 of the present invention obtained a sufficient value even if the white reflective layer was provided.

Example 5 Two glass substrates having a thickness of 0.7 mm were used, and one substrate had a TFT element-attached substrate as shown in FIGS. 20 (a) and 20 (b). Figure 20 (a)
Shows the electrode shape of one pixel, and FIG. 20B shows the shape of the effective display area. The number of pixels is 480 × 320. This substrate is used as a counter substrate of the observation side substrate. A white reflective layer was pattern-formed and an ITO solid electrode was formed on the white reflective layer as an observation side substrate.

For this observation-side substrate, first, alumina (Al ₂ O ₃ ) was vapor-deposited to a film thickness of 1000 A on the substrate, and then this was subjected to a photolithography method to form a space portion and wiring of the counter substrate. It is obtained by patterning so as to be formed in the non-modulation part region located, and then forming ITO on the entire surface of the substrate on which the alumina film is formed.

Using the two substrates thus obtained, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention was obtained with the same materials, manufacturing methods and structures as in Examples 3 and 4.

This example is different from Examples 3 and 4 in that pattern formation is obtained by a conventional photolithography method. This is a white reflective layer provided on the viewing side substrate,
This is an example that can be taken when it is necessary to use the TFT substrate as a counter substrate (for example, due to restrictions on mounting of elements). While the conventional photolithography method is required for pattern formation, it is easy to provide the white reflective layer over the entire non-modulation portion, and a high reflectance can be obtained accordingly.

Similar to the third embodiment, the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured at the driving voltage of 14 V by the same method as the first embodiment. The reflectance was 85%, which was extremely high value as compared with the third and fourth embodiments. Yes, when I measured the contrast ratio,
It was an extremely high value of 9: 1.

(Embodiment 6) Two glass substrates 11 and 12 having a thickness of 0.7 mm are used, a counter substrate 12 having a segment electrode pattern 14 formed thereon in FIG. 21 (a) and an ITO film in FIG. 21 (b). Observation side substrate 11 on which electrode pattern 13 is formed
Indicates. As shown in FIG. 22, AL-1051 (manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) is printed on the electrode surface of these substrates as alignment films 16 and 17 in the effective display area, and baked.
Rubbing is performed in the arrow directions r1 and r2 shown in (a) and (b) of FIG. 21 (directions in which the directions of the substrates facing each other are 180 ° opposite to each other). Pore agent with a diameter of 2.5 μm (Micropearl SP,
Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. spraying density 100 / m
sprayed at m ^2, 5 to enable the display region periphery of the counter substrate 12
A peripheral seal pattern provided with an opening having a width of mm was formed by a screen printing method. The sealing material 28 used here is a one-component epoxy resin (XN-21, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.).
Made).

After that, as shown in FIG. 21C, the two substrates 11 and 12 are superposed so that the electrode surfaces face each other, and the substrate gap becomes equal to the grain size of the substrate gap material. While pressurizing, it was baked at 180 ° C. for 2 hours to obtain an empty cell used in the liquid crystal display element of this example. Next, a nematic liquid crystal material (ZLI-2293, manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd.) showing a positive dielectric anisotropy as a liquid crystal material was injected into the empty cell as a liquid crystal composition 15 by a reduced pressure injection method,
The opening of the peripheral seal pattern is provided with an ultraviolet curable resin (U
Sealed with V-1000, manufactured by Sony Chemicals,
A liquid crystal cell used for the liquid crystal display element of this example was obtained. Then, LLC298-18SF (manufactured by Sanritz Co., Ltd.) is used as the polarizing plate 32 so that the absorption axis is formed on the outer surface of the observation side substrate 11 in a direction forming an angle of 45 ° with the rubbing direction so as to have the structure shown in FIG. And a M type diffuse reflection liquid (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) as the reflection plate 30 is attached to the outer surface of the counter substrate 12, and then a resist material (TiO ₂ dispersion) in which TiO ₂ is dispersed is formed on the surface of the polarizing plate 32. Liquid: Made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., printed so that a film thickness of 2000 A is formed by forming an opening window through which the segment electrodes can be seen.
It is baked at 70 ° C. for 120 minutes, and the white reflective layer 20 is formed on the surface of the polarizing plate in a cross-sectional view in a region which is a non-modulation part when viewed in plan.
Was formed to obtain a liquid crystal display element of this example.

In this embodiment, since the display pattern is not on a pixel-by-pixel basis, the modulation section and the non-modulation section cannot be regarded as one display unit for observation. Therefore, the contrast ratio of the modulation section and the non-modulation section is discussed. Not worth. Therefore, in this example, only the reflectance was measured by the same method as in Example 1. When no voltage was applied, the reflectance was 50%, which was an extremely high value despite the use of the polarizing plate. Further, when a voltage of 5 V was applied to make the modulation portion in a dark state, the display was extremely good in visibility.

(Comparative Example 4) A liquid crystal display device similar to that of Example 6 was prepared under the same conditions and method as Example 6, except that the white reflective layer on the polarizing plate was not provided. Created. When the reflectance was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 6, the reflectance was 35%, which was significantly lower than that of the liquid crystal display element according to Example 6, when no voltage was applied.

(Embodiment 7) FIG. 23 shows a liquid crystal display element according to the present embodiment.

Two electrode-equipped substrates 1 used in Example 1
1 and 12 were used. A white reflective layer 20 is provided around the electrode 13 of the observation side substrate 11. Alignment film (AL-1051, made by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) 16, 1 on the surfaces of electrodes 13 and 14
7 is printed on the effective display area and baked, and two substrates 11 and 1 are printed.
2 are rubbed so that the rubbing directions form an angle of 90 ° when they are superposed so that the electrode surfaces face each other, and then, micropearl SP ((shares) with a particle size of 4.5 μm is used as a substrate gap material on the observation side substrate. Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) was sprayed at a spraying density of 100 / mm ^{2 to} form a peripheral seal pattern having a 5 mm wide opening around the effective display area of the counter substrate by a screen printing method.

The sealing material used here is a one-component epoxy resin XN-21 (manufactured by Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.).

After that, the two substrates are superposed so that the electrode surfaces face each other, and baked at 180 ° C. for 2 hours while pressurizing so that the substrate gap becomes equal to the particle size of the substrate gap material. The empty cell used for the liquid crystal display element of was obtained.
Then, a nematic liquid crystal material ZLI-2293 (manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd.) exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy as a liquid crystal material is injected into the empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method to form a liquid crystal composition layer 15, and The opening of the peripheral seal pattern was sealed with an ultraviolet curable resin (UV-1000, manufactured by Sony Chemical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a liquid crystal cell used for the liquid crystal display element of this example.

Next, a polarizing plate (LLC298-18SF,
32, 33 made by Sanritz Co., Ltd. on the outer surface of the two substrates,
The liquid crystal display device of this example was obtained by sticking it so that the absorption axis was parallel to the rubbing direction and sticking an M type diffuse reflection plate (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) as the reflection plate 30 on the outside of the polarizing plate of the counter substrate. It was

As in Example 1, the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured by the same method as in Example 1 at a driving voltage of 4 V. As a result, even though two polarizing plates were used, The ratio was 40%, which was an extremely high value, and the contrast ratio was 13: 1, which was an extremely high value when the contrast ratio was measured.

(Comparative Example 5) A liquid crystal display device similar to that of Example 7 was prepared under the same conditions and manufacturing method as in Example 7, except that the white reflective layer on the inner surface of the cell was not provided. did. When the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured by the same method as in Example 1 at a driving voltage of 4 V as in Example 7, the reflectance was 30%, which was a value significantly lower than that of the liquid crystal display element according to Example 7. When the contrast ratio was measured, it was 15: 1, and it was found that the liquid crystal display element of the present invention of Example 7 obtained a sufficient value even if the white reflective layer was provided.

(Embodiment 8) As shown in FIG. 24, 0.7
Two glass substrates 11 and 12 having a thickness of mm were used, and a substrate with an MIM element as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B was formed on one substrate 12. Unlike the substrate shown in FIG. 14A, this substrate 12 is used as a counter substrate of the observation side substrate.

That is, the present embodiment has the configuration of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 14 and has the opposite surface of the cell as the observation side.

As the observation side substrate 11, FIG.
The ITO stripe pattern electrode substrate shown in FIG. 4 (d) was prepared. In this example, the lift-off method was not used for any of the patterns, and the resist was peeled off. Then, on the surface of the ITO stripe pattern electrode substrate shown in FIGS. 14 (c) and 14 (d), a resist material (TiO ₂ ) in which TiO ₂ is dispersed over the entire effective display area shown in FIG. 14 (d) is formed.
Dispersion liquid: manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd. was printed so as to have a film thickness of 2000 A, and after calcination at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, the pixel electrode 14 of the counter substrate 12 (the ITO film of FIG. 14A). 1
Patterns can be formed on the corresponding regions of the observation substrate of FIG.
(A pattern can be formed only on the substrate) and exposed with a NMD3 solution (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) to form the white reflective layer 20 of the present invention on the entire non-modulated portion of the observation side substrate.

Using the two substrates thus obtained, a liquid crystal cell was prepared using the same material and manufacturing method as in Example 1, and as shown in FIG.
The quarter-wave plate 31 and the reflection plate 30 similar to those in Example 1 were attached to the outer surface of the counter substrate 12 so as to obtain the structure as shown in FIG.

This example is different from Example 1 in that the lift-off method is not used for forming the pattern of the white reflective layer 20, but the photolithography method is used. Although the number of manufacturing processes increases, the white reflective layer can be easily provided over the entire non-modulation portion, and further improvement in reflectance can be expected.

Further, when the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured by the same method as in Example 1 at a driving voltage of 4 V as in Example 1, the reflectance was 85% and the liquid crystal display device according to Example 1 was obtained. The value is extremely higher than that shown by, and when the contrast ratio was measured, it was an extremely high value of 7: 1.

Example 9 Using the observation side substrate used in Example 5, a TFT element-attached substrate 12 as shown in FIGS. 25A and 25B was prepared as a counter substrate.

First, the gate wiring 2 is formed on the glass substrate 12.
2a, the signal line wiring 22b and the TFT element 18 are formed, and then Al is formed to a film thickness of 2000 A on the entire surface of the substrate,
After the surface is oxidized by an anodic oxidation method to form an alumina layer, Al is formed into the rectangular pixel electrode 14 shown in the drawing.
The conductive layer 34 and the alumina layer 35 are etched. In this way, a counter substrate having a function of a diffuse reflection plate in which the pixel electrode 14a had a structure in which the alumina layer 35 was formed on the Al conductive layer 34 was obtained.

Using the two substrates thus obtained, a liquid crystal cell was prepared by using the same material and manufacturing method as in Example 5, and a liquid crystal display device of this example was obtained without attaching a reflector or the like. This example is an example in which the present invention is applied to a liquid crystal cell having a structure in which the function of a reflector is provided on the pixel electrode on the inner surface of the cell. Since only one sheet can be reflected by the reflection plate, the reflectance can be improved as compared with the other structure in which the reflection plate is attached to the outer surface of the counter substrate.

When the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 at a driving voltage of 14 V as in Example 5, the reflectance was 90%, which is an extremely high value as compared with Example 5. , When the contrast ratio was measured, it was 1
It was a very high value of 0: 1.

(Comparative Example 6) A liquid crystal display device similar to that of Example 9 was prepared except that the white reflective layer on the inner surface of the cell was not provided.
It was created under the same conditions and manufacturing method as in Example 9. When the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured by the same method as in Example 1 at a driving voltage of 14 V as in Example 9, the reflectance was 70%, which was significantly lower than that of the liquid crystal display element according to Example 9. And the contrast ratio was measured to be 11: 1
Therefore, it was found that the liquid crystal display element of the present invention of Example 9 obtained a sufficient value even if the white reflective layer was provided.

(Embodiment 10) FIG. 26A shows a counter substrate 1.
2, 26 (b) shows the observation side substrate 11, and 26 (c) shows the cell cross section. The counter substrate 12 has ITO pixel electrodes 14 having MIM elements 18 arranged in a matrix, wirings 22 extending in the row direction are provided between the pixel electrodes 14 arranged vertically, and the entire surface is covered with an alignment film 17. Has been done.

The observation side substrate 11 is made of ITO and has a plurality of stripe electrodes 13 extending in the column direction, and the white reflective layer 20 is formed in the gap separating the stripe electrodes 13. The white reflective layer 20 also serves as a substrate gap material, and has a thickness that determines the layer thickness of the liquid crystal composition 15.
Furthermore, an alignment film 16 is deposited on the entire surface of the substrate.

The white reflective layer 20 is formed by forming a resist material in which TiO ₂ is dispersed on the substrate 11 on which the stripe electrode 13 is formed (TiO ₂ dispersion liquid: manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.).
Is printed to have a film thickness of 5 μm, and calcination is performed at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes, followed by exposure using a mask so as to form a partially cut rod-shaped pattern shown in FIG.
Develop with D3 solution (Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.), 150 ° C 12
Firing was performed for 0 minutes to form a white reflective layer 20 of the present invention having a function as a substrate gap material on a part of the non-modulation portion of the observation side substrate.

Using the two substrates thus obtained, a liquid crystal cell was prepared by using the same material and manufacturing method as in Example 1, and as shown in FIG.
The quarter-wave plate 31 and the reflection plate 30 similar to those in Example 1 were attached to the outer surface of the counter substrate so that the structure as shown in (c) was obtained, and the liquid crystal display element of this example was obtained.

Similar to Example 1, the reflectance and the contrast ratio were measured at the driving voltage of 4 V by the same method as in Example 1. The reflectance was as high as 45%, and the contrast ratio was measured. However, it was an extremely high value of 6: 1.

Further, when the liquid crystal layer thickness was measured by an interference film thickness meter, it was found that the variation over the entire cell surface was ± 0.05 μm, which was an almost uniform cell thickness.

In the liquid crystal display element according to the first aspect of the present invention described above, the darkness and blackness of the modulation portion are conspicuous because the non-modulation portion is the white reflective layer in the dark state. Further, even in the bright state, the non-modulation portion is the white reflective layer, so that the brightness is improved, and the contrast ratio actually perceived is remarkably high, and a bright reflective liquid crystal display element can be obtained.

Examples according to the second aspect of the present invention will be described below.

(Embodiment 11) As shown in FIG. 27, MIM (Metal-Metal) is formed on a glass substrate 51 having a thickness of 0.7 mm.
Forming an Insulator-Metal) element 52,
A lower substrate with an MIM element having 480 × 320 pixels was manufactured. In addition, the IT is mounted on the glass substrate 53 having a thickness of 0.7 mm.
The O stripe pattern electrode 54 was formed, and the upper substrate with an ITO transparent electrode was produced.

Then, the upper and lower substrates 51, thus obtained,
The polyimide material (trade name A
L-1051 (manufactured by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) is applied and baked to form an alignment film 55, and after rubbing treatment, a micropearl SP (particle size 8 μm) as a spacer (spacer) on the upper substrate ( Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. was sprayed at a spraying density of 100 / mm ² , and then a 1-component epoxy resin (trade name XN-21, Mitsui Higashi) was used except for the 5 mm wide opening around the lower substrate. A peripheral seal pattern made of pressure chemical Co., Ltd. was formed by screen printing.

Then, these substrates were superposed so that the respective electrode forming surfaces face each other, and baked at 180 ° C. for 2 hours while pressurizing so that the substrate gap was equal to the grain size of the gap material, and then in this empty cell. , A nematic liquid crystal material exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy (trade name: ZLI-4801-100,
2.0 wt% of dichroic black dye (trade name: LA103 / 4, manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.) in Merck Japan Co., Ltd.
% Added by a reduced pressure injection method, and the opening of the peripheral seal pattern is filled with an ultraviolet curable resin (trade name: UV-10
00, manufactured by Sony Chemical Co., Ltd., and the liquid crystal layer 56 was sandwiched between the substrates to form a liquid crystal cell 57.

Next, on the lower surface of the liquid crystal cell 57 thus obtained, a laminated type full-wavelength quarter-wave retarder (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) 58, and 300 nm of Al at room temperature on the glass substrate surface at room temperature. The specular reflection plate 59 vapor-deposited to a thickness was attached in order. On the other hand, SnO ₂ is coated on the surface of the glass substrate 60 in a concavo-convex shape by a spray method, and then a layer 61 of SnO ₂ having a lower refractive index than this is formed by sputtering to have a diffusion effect and at the same time. A light diffusing plate 62 that prevents the attenuation of incident light is formed. Then, the light diffusing plate 62 was placed on the liquid crystal cell 57 to manufacture a liquid crystal display element.

FIGS. 28 (a) and 28 (b) are for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment thus obtained. In the dark state in which no voltage is applied, as shown in FIG. 28A, the unpolarized incident light Li passes through the liquid crystal layer 56 to become one-way linearly polarized light, and then passes through the quarter-wave retardation plate 58. Then, the light becomes circularly polarized light, is reflected by the specular reflection plate 59, and then passes through the quarter-wave retardation plate 58 again to become linearly polarized light whose polarization direction is deviated from the initial linearly polarized light by 90 °. Therefore, when passing through the liquid crystal layer 56 again, this linearly polarized light is absorbed by the guest dye (black dye) and is not emitted as reflected light.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 28B, in the bright state in which a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal molecule array including guest dye molecules of the liquid crystal layer 56 is parallel to the normal line direction of the substrate, The incident light Li that has entered in the normal direction is not polarized, passes through the quarter-wave retardation plate 58 as it is, and is reflected by the specular reflection plate 59. Therefore, again the liquid crystal layer 56
Without being absorbed by dye molecules when passing through
The reflected light Lr is emitted. Here, if the reflected light Lr is emitted as it is, the brightness of the liquid crystal display element is increased only in the normal direction of the substrate, but the reflected light is passed by passing through the light diffusion plate 62 having an uneven surface. Since Lr is diffused, there is no viewing angle dependency and a bright display can be obtained.

Next, regarding the liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment in which light control is performed by such an operation, the reflectance and the contrast ratio, and the brightness of the standard diffuser plate (MgO plate) are the reflectance 10
The value was set to 0% and measured by a conventional method. When a voltage was applied to the MIM elements of all the display pixels so that the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 56 was 4 V, the reflectance was 86%, which was an extremely high value. When the contrast ratio was measured by applying a voltage to all the pixels using an MIM element so that the applied voltage to the liquid crystal layer 56 was 0 V and 4 V, the contrast ratio was a very high value of 20: 1.

Furthermore, in the liquid crystal display element of this embodiment, a stripe pattern in which black and white are inverted every other line, and 3
When three types of patterns, that is, a pattern in which a square shape of 0 pixels × 30 pixels is displayed in black and a pattern in which the square shape is displayed in white, are displayed and observed from the front, parallax is hardly noticeable. It was of a degree.

Example 12 As shown in FIG. 29, Al was vapor-deposited to a thickness of 300 nm on a glass substrate 63 having a thickness of 1.1 mm, and then the line width was 300 μm, the line spacing was 10 μm, and the line length was 240 mm. Patterning was performed in stripes so that the number of lines was 480, and an electrode (scanning electrode) 64 that also served as a specular reflection plate was formed. In addition, an ITO film is formed on the glass substrate 65 having a thickness of 1.1 mm and the line width is 300 μm.
m, line spacing 10 μm, line length 150 mm, number of lines 6
The 40 electrodes were patterned in a stripe shape to form a transparent electrode (signal electrode) 66 made of ITO.

Then, monobasic chrome is respectively formed on the electrode forming surfaces of the first substrate (lower substrate) on which the electrode 64 made of Al is formed and the second substrate (upper substrate) on which the ITO transparent electrode 66 is formed. After the complex is applied to form the alignment film 67 and the rubbing process is performed, these substrates are treated with the Al electrodes 64 and I.
The TO transparent electrode 66 and the TO transparent electrode 66 are opposed to each other at right angles,
In the same manner as in Example 11, the seal portion 68 and the spacer 69 were provided, and the liquid crystal composition was sandwiched between the upper and lower substrates to form the liquid crystal layer 70 (thickness d: 3.4 μm), and the driving liquid crystal cell 71 was produced.

Here, the rubbing of the first and second substrates is performed in parallel and in opposite directions as indicated by arrows a and a ′, and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 70 are vertically aligned on the substrate surface with a pretilt angle of about 89 °. It has become. As the liquid crystal sandwiched between the substrates, ZLI-2585 (manufactured by Merck Japan Co., Ltd.) showing negative dielectric anisotropy was used. Δn (refractive index anisotropy) of this liquid crystal is 55
It is 0.039 at 0 nm, and the retardation value obtained by multiplying Δn of the liquid crystal layer 20 in the liquid crystal cell 71 by the layer thickness d is
It is 0.132 μm (132 nm). The wavelength 55
0 nm is a typical numerical value of the wavelength that is conspicuous in terms of color sensitivity.

Next, as shown in FIG. 30, a polarizing plate 72 was placed on the liquid crystal cell 71 thus obtained so that its absorption axis b was 45 ° with respect to the rubbing directions a and a '. . On the other hand, the surface of the glass substrate is coated with SnO ₂ in a concavo-convex shape by a spray method, and then a layer of SnO ₂ having a lower refractive index than this is formed by sputtering to have a diffusion effect and at the same time to provide incident light. The light diffusing plate 73 is formed to prevent the above attenuation. Then, the light diffusing plate 73 was placed on the polarizing plate 72 to manufacture a liquid crystal display element.

A liquid crystal display device thus obtained was
/ 240duty multiplex drive, when no voltage is applied, the liquid crystal cell 71 has a retardation of almost 0, so white display is performed. When a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal cell 71 has a retardation of approximately 1/4 wavelength, which is a black display, resulting in a contrast. A liquid crystal display device having excellent visibility with a ratio of 10: 1 and a reflectance of 30% was realized.

Example 13 As a liquid crystal layer 70,
A driving liquid crystal cell 71 was produced in the same configuration as in Example 12 except that the liquid crystal ZLI-4850 manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd. was used. The Δn of this liquid crystal is 0.20 at a wavelength of 550 nm.
8. The thickness d of the liquid crystal layer 70 is 4.2 μm, and the retardation value obtained by multiplying Δn of the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal cell 71 by the layer thickness d is 0.874 μm (874 nm).

Next, on the liquid crystal cell 71 thus obtained, the retardation plate 74 and the polarizing plate 72 were combined in the arrangement as shown in FIG. That is, a retardation plate 74 having a retardation value of 125 nm (1/4 wavelength) formed by stretching polycarbonate is disposed on the liquid crystal cell 71 so that the stretching axis c is orthogonal to the rubbing directions a and a ′. Then, the same polarizing plate 72 and light diffusing plate 73 as those used in Example 12 were placed in that order, and a liquid crystal display element was produced.

The liquid crystal display device thus obtained was
/ 240duty multiplex drive, the retardation difference between the retardation plate 74 and the liquid crystal cell 71 is about 1/4 wavelength when no voltage is applied. Therefore, black display is performed, and the retardation between the retardation plate 74 and the liquid crystal cell 71 is applied when a voltage is applied. The difference is about 3/2 wavelength, so white display is performed. A liquid crystal display device having a contrast ratio of 13: 1, which is larger than that of Example 12, and a reflectance of 28%, which is excellent in visibility, was obtained.

(Example 14) A liquid crystal display device was produced in the same structure as in Example 13 except that the retardation value of the retardation plate 74 was set to 250 nm.

The liquid crystal display device thus obtained was
/ 240duty multiplex drive, the retardation difference between the retardation plate 74 and the driving liquid crystal cell 71 is about 1/2 wavelength when no voltage is applied, so white display is performed, and the retardation plate 74 and the liquid crystal are applied when voltage is applied. Since the difference in retardation from the cell 71 was 5/4 wavelength, black display was obtained, and a liquid crystal display device having excellent visibility with a contrast ratio of 10: 1 and a reflectance of 35% was obtained.

In the above examples, the light diffusing plate having the SnO ₂ uneven coating formed on the glass substrate was used, but any light diffusing plate that does not attenuate incident light and has a diffusing effect can be used. , Can be used for other purposes.
That is, a glass plate or the like whose surface is roughened by etching can be preferably used.

Further, in the twelfth to fourteenth embodiments, the multiplex driving is performed by using the Al electrode also serving as the reflecting plate as the scanning electrode and the ITO transparent electrode as the signal electrode, but the electrode structure may be reversed. Further, in these Examples, the vertically aligned ECB mode liquid crystal cells were used, but the horizontally aligned ECB mode, STN (Super Twist) was used.
Even if a liquid crystal cell of ed Nematic) mode is used, the same effect can be achieved. Further, also in a liquid crystal display element using a switching element composed of MIM or TFT (thin film transistor) as a driving method or a color liquid crystal display element using a color filter, the same effect can be obtained by adopting the configuration of the present invention. it can.

As is clear from the above description, according to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to realize a reflection type liquid crystal display device having a high reflectance and a high contrast ratio and excellent visibility.

Hereinafter, examples according to the third aspect of the present invention will be described in detail.

Example 15 FIGS. 32-34 and FIG. 14 referred to in the description of Example 1.
The liquid crystal display element of the present embodiment is shown with reference to (a) to 14 (d) and FIGS. 15 (a) to 17.

Two 0.7 mm thick glass substrates were used, and 600 n of SiO _x layer 19 was formed on the upper substrate 11 on one observation side.
m, vapor-deposited, patterned in the shape of pattern A shown in FIG. 32, and formed on top of that as shown in FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b).
As shown in, a pattern of the electrode 13 having the MIM element 18 was created. FIG. 14A shows an electrode shape of one pixel, and each pixel has dimensions of 180 μm × 180 μm in length and width. FIG. 14B shows the shape of the effective display area of the upper substrate 11, in which the pixels are arranged in a matrix. Number of pixels 480 x 3 within 57.6 mm x 86.4 mm
Twenty are arranged.

As shown in FIG. 33, the upper substrate 11 on the observation side
The MIM element 18, the wiring 22, and the transparent electrode 13 are formed on the. As shown in FIG. 34, the SiO _x layer 19 and the IT
The O layer 13 is two-dimensionally distributed. The refractive index of each is 1.50 for SiO _x and 1.90 for ITO,
The refractive index difference δn is 0.40. The layer thickness D of both is 6
Since it is 00 nm, δnD is 0.24 μm,
This portion serves as a diffraction grating and acts as a light diffusion layer.

The ITO layer is a pixel electrode and is essential. As mentioned above, the refractive index of ITO is 1.9.
It is as high as 0 and causes unnecessary reflection at the interface with other layers (for example, a glass substrate and an alignment film have a refractive index of 1.90,
Since the difference in refractive index is large, interface reflection is likely to occur. But,
In this embodiment, since the surface of the ITO layer is uneven, the reflection component is diffused and the influence on the display contrast is reduced as compared with the conventional case.

On the other hand, a plurality of stripe-shaped transparent electrodes 14 are formed in parallel on the lower substrate 12 on the opposite side so as to correspond to the pixel electrodes. Alignment films 16 and 17 are deposited on these electrodes 13 and 14, and the liquid crystal composition layer 15 is sandwiched between the substrates.

The liquid crystal display device according to this example is manufactured as follows.

That is, first, the upper substrate 1 shown in FIG.
A first Ta layer 18a whose surface is oxidized (a TaO ₂ film having a film thickness of 100 nm is provided on the surface) is formed on the first layer 1 in a pattern as illustrated, and then the second Ta layer 2 is formed.
2 (thickness 100 nm) shows a part of the first T
The wiring pattern was formed on the a film 18a.

Then, an ITO film having a thickness of 200 nm is formed on the entire surface of the substrate, and a positive resist material (OFPR-5000, manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.) is applied as the resist material on the entire surface, followed by heating at 60 ° C. for 30 minutes. After calcination is performed, exposure is performed using a mask so that a pixel electrode pattern can be formed, and N
After development with MD3 solution (manufactured by Tokyo Ohka Co., Ltd.), FIG.
Only the ITO film indicated by reference numeral 13 in (a) is covered with the resist pattern.

Next, using this resist pattern as a mask, an aqueous hydrochloric acid / nitric acid solution (mixing ratio hydrochloric acid 10 / nitric acid 1
-ITO was etched with water 10). Then, the resist pattern was peeled off.

Also, as the opposing substrate 12, FIG.
A substrate having the ITO stripe pattern electrode 14 shown in (c) and 14 (d) was prepared. Here, FIG.
FIG. 14C shows the pattern shape corresponding to one pixel, and FIG. 14D shows the shape of the effective display area 12a.

Alignment agents (AL-1051, manufactured by Nippon Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.) are printed and baked in the effective display areas of the two substrates thus obtained to form alignment films 16 and 17, and these alignment films are formed. 16 and 17 were lapped in a direction parallel to the ITO stripe pattern and facing each other by 180 ° opposite to each other.

Next, a substrate interstitial material (Micropearl SP, manufactured by Sekisui Fine Chemical Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 5 μm was sprayed on the observation side substrate at a spraying density of 100 / mm ^2, and a width of 5 mm around the effective display area of the counter substrate. A peripheral seal pattern provided with the openings was formed by screen printing. The seal material used here is a one-component epoxy resin (XN-21,
Mitsui Toatsu Chemical Co., Ltd.).

Next, the two substrates 11 and 12 are connected to the electrode 1
The empty cells used in the liquid crystal display device of this embodiment are stacked so that the surfaces 3 and 14 face each other, and are baked at 180 ° C. for 2 hours while applying pressure so that the substrate gap becomes equal to the particle size of the substrate gap material. Got Thereafter, a nematic liquid crystal material ZL showing a positive dielectric anisotropy as a liquid crystal material in the empty cell.
I-2293 (manufactured by Merck Japan Co., Ltd.) 15a to which 2.0% by weight of black dye LA103 / 4 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Kasei Co., Ltd.) 15b was added was injected by a reduced pressure injection method to obtain a liquid crystal composition layer 15 And

Then, the opening of the peripheral seal pattern was sealed with an ultraviolet curable resin UV-1000 (manufactured by Sony Chemical Co., Ltd.) to obtain a liquid crystal cell used in the liquid crystal display element of this example. Then, as shown in FIG. 33, the substrate 1
A quarter-wave plate 31 and a reflection plate 30 were attached to 2 to obtain a liquid crystal display element of this example. Reflector 30 used here
Is an Al vapor deposition type specular reflector (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation). The quarter-wave plate 31 is a laminated type quarter-wave plate (manufactured by Nitto Denko Co., Ltd.) in the entire wavelength range, and each has a paste.

The reflectance and contrast ratio of the liquid crystal display device of this example obtained as described above were measured by the measuring device shown in FIG. The measurement is carried out by disposing a luminance meter 40 at a distance of 30 cm from the center of the sample in the direction of the normal line, and at the substantially same height in the direction forming an angle of 30 ° with the normal line, as shown in the figure, for three wavelengths of red, green and blue. High color rendering fluorescent lamp 4 that emits light
Two lamps 1 and 42 are arranged so that the illuminance of the sample 43 portion becomes 580 lux, and the standard diffusion plate (MgO
The brightness of the plate) is measured, and this brightness is set to 100% reflectance,
The reflectance and contrast of the sample were measured.

As a result, the reflectance was 80% and the contrast ratio was 20: 1.

Example 16 Two 0.7 mm thick glass substrates were used, and an SiO _X layer 19 was vapor-deposited to a thickness of 600 nm on the upper substrate 11 on one observation side to form a pattern A shown in FIG. The pattern was patterned into a shape, and a SiN _x layer was vapor-deposited thereon to a thickness of 600 nm. This SiN _x layer was not removed, and the
As shown in (a) and 14 (b), a pattern of the electrode 13 having the MIM element 18 was created.

FIG. 14A shows an electrode shape of one pixel, and each pixel has dimensions of 180 μm × 180 μm in length and width. FIG. 14B shows the shape of the effective display area of the upper substrate 11, in which the pixels are arranged in a matrix. Number of pixels 480 x 3 within 57.6 mm x 86.4 mm
Twenty are arranged.

As shown in FIG. 33, the upper substrate 11 on the observation side
The MIM element 18, the wiring 22, and the transparent electrode 13 are formed on the. As shown in FIG. 34, the SiO _x layer 19 and the IT
The O layer 13 is two-dimensionally distributed. The respective refractive indexes are 1.50 for SiO _x and 2.10 for SiN _x , and the refractive index difference δn is 0.60. Both layer thickness D
Is 600 nm, δnD is 0.36 μm, and this portion serves as a diffraction grating and acts as a light diffusion layer.

Further, a Ta pattern is formed as the MIM wiring on the light diffusion layer (in the back side when viewed from the observation surface), which has the same effect as that of the white reflection layer described above. Is obtained.

Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 15, a liquid crystal display element according to this example was obtained. When this liquid crystal display element was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 15, the reflectance was 8
The ratio was 5% and the contrast ratio was 20: 1.

As is clear from the above description, according to the third aspect of the present invention, the brightness is high and the contrast ratio is high.
It is possible to realize an excellent reflective liquid crystal display device.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a reflection type TN-LC including two conventional polarizing plates.
Sectional drawing which shows D.

FIG. 2 is a reflection type ECB-L having one conventional polarizing plate.
Sectional drawing which shows CD.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional reflective GH-PC-LCD.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a conventional reflective GH-HOMO-LCD.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional two-layer reflective GH-HOMO-LCD.

FIG. 6 is a reflection type GH-H using a conventional quarter-wave plate.
Sectional drawing which shows OMO-LCD.

FIG. 7 is a sectional view showing an example of a liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a plan view showing another example of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a plan view showing an example of a modulation section and a non-modulation section of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a plan view showing another example of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing the manufacturing process of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing another example of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing the electrode structure of the substrate according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element according to Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the display principle of the liquid crystal display element of the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a view showing a measurement system of reflectance of a liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 18 is a plan view showing an electrode structure of a substrate and a planar structure of a color filter used in Example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a plan view showing a substrate used in Example 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a plan view showing electrodes of a substrate used in Example 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element according to Example 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element according to Example 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is a plan view and a cross-sectional view of an electrode of a substrate used in Example 9 of the present invention.

26A and 26B are a plan view of electrodes of a substrate and a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display element used in Example 10 of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is a sectional view showing a liquid crystal display element according to Example 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a view for explaining the operation of the liquid crystal display element of Example 11.

FIG. 29 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal cell used in Examples 12 to 14 of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display element according to Example 12.

FIG. 31 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a liquid crystal display element according to Examples 13 and 14.

FIG. 32 is a diagram showing the shape of the pattern of the SiO _X layer of the liquid crystal display element according to the fifteenth embodiment.

FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a liquid crystal display element according to Example 15.

FIG. 34 Si in the liquid crystal display element according to Example 15
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a light diffusion layer in which an O _X layer and an ITO layer are two-dimensionally distributed to form a diffraction grating.

FIG. 35 is a cross-sectional view showing a light diffusion layer in which two types of refractive index media are three-dimensionally arranged.

FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a diffraction phenomenon of a light diffusion layer in which two types of refractive index media are two-dimensionally arranged.

FIG. 37 is a diagram showing various distribution shapes of two types of refractive index media.

FIG. 38 is a diagram showing a light reflection phenomenon of a light diffusion layer in which two types of refractive index media are three-dimensionally arranged.

FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a light reflection phenomenon of a light diffusion layer in which two types of refractive index media are two-dimensionally arranged.

FIG. 40 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a liquid crystal display element in which a light diffusion layer and a reflection layer are separated.

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 11 ... Upper substrate, 2, 12 ... Lower substrate, 3, 13 ... Transparent electrode, 4, 14 ... Pixel electrode, 5, 15 ... Liquid crystal composition, 1
6, 17 ... Alignment film, 18 ... MIM switching element, 2
0 ... White reflective layer, 22 ... Wiring, 30 ... Reflector, 31 ... 4
Half-wave plate, A ... Modulation section, B ... Non-modulation section.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued Front Page (72) Inventor Hitoshi Hato 8 Shinsita-cho, Isogo-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Inside the Yokohama Works of Toshiba Corporation (72) Inventor Akio Murayama 1-2-9 Harara-cho, Fukaya-shi, Saitama Prefecture Stock Company Toshiba Fukaya Electronics Factory

Claims (36)

[Claims] 1. A first substrate disposed on the side to be observed and having a first electrode formed on one principal surface, and a principal surface of the first substrate having the first electrode formed thereon. A second substrate, which is arranged to face each other and has a second electrode on its main surface, a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and which corresponds to the first electrode. A region where the liquid crystal composition responds to the voltage applied between the first and second electrodes and modulates the reflection amount of incident light; A modulation portion, a light diffusion layer formed on a surface of the first substrate opposite to a main surface on which the first electrode is formed, and the first electrode of the first substrate are formed. Of the main surface,
A reflective liquid crystal display device, comprising: a first reflective layer formed on at least a part of a region corresponding to the non-modulation section. 2. A first substrate disposed on the side to be observed and having a first electrode formed on one principal surface thereof, and a principal surface of the first substrate having the first electrode formed thereon. A second substrate, which is arranged to face each other and has a second electrode on its main surface, a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and which corresponds to the first electrode. A region where the liquid crystal composition responds to the voltage applied between the first and second electrodes and modulates the reflection amount of incident light; A modulation portion, a light diffusion layer formed on the main surface of the first substrate on which the first electrode is formed, and at least a part of a region on the light diffusion layer corresponding to the non-modulation portion. A reflection-type liquid crystal display device comprising the formed first reflection layer. 3. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, further comprising a second reflective layer formed on any main surface of the second substrate. 4. The reflective liquid crystal display according to claim 3, wherein the second reflective layer is formed on at least a part of a main surface of the second substrate on which the second electrode is formed. element. 5. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 4, wherein the second reflective layer also serves as the second electrode. 6. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 4, wherein the second reflective layer is formed on the second electrode. 7. The second reflective layer is formed on at least a part of a main surface of the second substrate opposite to a main surface on which the second electrode is formed. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 8. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the second reflective layer contains Al or Ag as a main component. 9. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, further comprising a color filter on a side of the first or second substrate on which the electrode is formed. 10. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the color filter is arranged on the light diffusion layer, and the reflection layer is arranged on the color filter. 11. The first light diffusion layer has a different refractive index.
And the second transparent refractive index medium, wherein the reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2. 12. The first transparent refractive index medium contains a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, SiO ₂ and polyimide as a main component, and the second transparent refractive index medium is the first transparent refractive index medium. 12. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 11, which contains an acrylic material as a main component which is a solvent of the transparent refractive index medium. 13. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 11, wherein the transparent refractive index medium and the second transparent refractive index medium have a refractive index within a range of an average refractive index of the liquid crystal composition of ± 10%. 14. The first transparent refractive index medium has a refractive index substantially equal to or close to the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal composition, and the second transparent refractive index medium is the liquid crystal composition. 14. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 13, which has a refractive index substantially equal to or close to the extraordinary refractive index of. 15. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, wherein the light diffusion layer is a diffraction grating formed by arranging the first and second transparent refractive index media in a substantially planar manner. 16. The diffraction grating has the first and second transparent refractive index media arranged in a check pattern.
The reflective liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 17. The first transparent refractive index medium contains a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, SiO ₂ and polyimide as a main component, and is substantially equal to the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal composition, or The second transparent refractive index medium having a similar refractive index contains as a main component a material selected from the group consisting of ITO and silicon nitride, and has a refractive index of the second transparent refractive index medium The value δnD obtained by multiplying the difference δn from the first transparent refractive index medium by the layer thickness D of the light diffusing layer is 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm, and the light diffusing layer has the first and second transparent layers. 14. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 13, which is a diffraction grating in which refractive index media are arranged in a check pattern in a plane. 18. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 3, wherein the second reflective layer contains Al or Ag as a main component, and the light diffusion layer is composed of two kinds of transparent refractive index media. 19. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition contains a dichroic dye. 20. The quarter-wave plate and the second reflector are arranged on the side of the main surface of the second substrate on which the second electrode is formed. Reflective LCD device. 21. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal composition has a light reflecting function and also serves as the first reflective layer. 22. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 21, wherein the liquid crystal composition is a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal composition. 23. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein the polymer dispersed liquid crystal composition is an emulsion polymer dispersed liquid crystal composition. 24. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, which is an active matrix liquid crystal display device having one of a thin film transistor and a thin film diode. 25. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 24, wherein the first reflective layer has a wiring function of one of the thin film transistor and the thin film diode. 26. The reflection plate formed of a concave mirror reflection lens is arranged on the opposite side of the main surface of the second substrate on which the second electrode is formed. Reflective liquid crystal display device. 27. A first substrate, which is disposed on the side to be observed and has a first electrode formed on one main surface thereof, and a main surface of the first substrate on which the first electrode is formed. A second substrate, which is arranged to face each other and has a second electrode on its main surface, a liquid crystal composition layer sandwiched between the first and second substrates, and which corresponds to the first electrode. A region where the liquid crystal composition responds to the voltage applied between the first and second electrodes and modulates the reflection amount of incident light; The modulator and the first and second transparent refractive index media, which are formed on the surface of the first substrate opposite to the main surface on which the first electrode is formed, and which have different refractive indexes, are formed in a substantially planar manner. A light diffusing layer formed of a diffraction grating arranged and a specular reflection layer formed on one of the main surfaces of the second substrate. A reflective liquid crystal display device. 28. The reflection type liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein the diffraction grating is formed by arranging minimum constituent units having one of a triangular shape and a quadrangular shape in a check pattern. 29. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 27, wherein the specular reflection layer is formed on a main surface of the second substrate on which the second electrode is formed. 30. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 29, wherein the specular reflection layer also serves as the second electrode. 31. The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 29, wherein the specular reflection layer contains Al or Ag as a main component. 32. One of the first and second transparent refractive index media is a transparent conductor made of a kind selected from the group consisting of ITO and silicon nitride, and the transparent conductor is the other one. 28. The transparent conductive medium has an uneven surface, and the transparent conductor also serves as the second electrode.
The reflective liquid crystal display device according to item 1. 33. The first transparent refractive index medium contains a material selected from the group consisting of polystyrene, SiO ₂ and polyimide as a main component, and is substantially equal to the ordinary refractive index of the liquid crystal composition, or The second transparent refractive index medium having a similar refractive index contains as a main component a material selected from the group consisting of ITO and silicon nitride, and has a refractive index of the second transparent refractive index medium The reflective liquid crystal display device according to claim 27, wherein a value δnD obtained by multiplying a difference δn from the first transparent refractive index medium by a layer thickness D of the light diffusion layer is 0.1 μm to 0.4 μm. 34. The liquid crystal composition is a nematic liquid crystal containing a black dye and exhibiting positive dielectric anisotropy, and has a homogeneous molecular arrangement between the first and second substrates. The reflective liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, 2 or 27, wherein a quarter-wave plate and a second reflection plate are arranged on the side of the substrate. 35. A first substrate, which is disposed on the observed side and has a first electrode formed on one principal surface thereof, and which opposes the principal surface of the first substrate on which the first electrode is formed. A second substrate having a second electrode on the opposite main surface thereof, and a nematic liquid crystal having a black dye and exhibiting dielectric anisotropy, sandwiched between the first and second substrates. A liquid crystal cell provided with a liquid crystal composition layer, a light diffusing plate disposed on the observed side of the liquid crystal cell and having a surface coated with an antireflection film, and an observed side of the liquid crystal composition layer. A specular reflection member arranged on the opposite side; and a quarter wave retardation plate arranged between the liquid crystal composition layer and the specular reflection member for shifting the phase of light passing therethrough by a quarter wavelength. Reflective liquid crystal display device. 36. A first substrate arranged on the side to be observed and having a first electrode formed on one main surface thereof, and facing the main surface of the first substrate having the first electrode formed thereon. A second substrate having a second electrode on the opposite main surface thereof, and a liquid crystal composition layer made of nematic liquid crystal exhibiting dielectric anisotropy, sandwiched between the first and second substrates. A liquid crystal cell provided, a light diffusing plate disposed on the observed side of the liquid crystal cell and having a surface coated with an antireflection film, and disposed between the liquid crystal composition layer and the light diffusing plate. A polarizing plate, a specular reflection member arranged on the side opposite to the observed side of the liquid crystal composition layer, between the polarizing plate and the liquid crystal composition layer, or between the liquid crystal composition layer and the specular reflection A reflection type liquid crystal display device, which is provided between the member and a retardation plate.