JPH07331908A - Filtrate circulation reservoir structure for cooling - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To eliminate the need for a cooling tower, prevent noise and improve an appearance by placing a permeating, filtrating and cooling layer formed of water-permeable concrete on the bottom of a reservoir, reserving cooled and filtrated water in a pit and supplying it to an air-conditioner with a pump. CONSTITUTION:A water-permeable concrete constructed by precast concrete plates is placed on the bottom of a good-appearance reservoir 1 provided in the front yard of a building to form a permeating, filtrating and cooling layer 21. Water after permeated and filtrated is reserved in a pit 12 through a water collecting pipe 15, supplied to an air-conditioner with a pump, circulated and repeatively used as cooling water for a water-cooled condenser. The reservoir is substituted for a cooling tower for the air-conditioner. In this way, installation and running costs can be reduced.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cooling and circulating water reservoir structure, and in particular, it is provided as a landscape pond in the front yard of a building such as a building, and is used as a water-cooled condenser for a refrigerator of an air conditioning equipment of the building. The present invention relates to a cooling circulating circulation reservoir structure for continuously cooling cooling water.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in an air conditioner (hereinafter referred to as an air conditioner) installed in a building such as an office building, in order to cool and liquefy a refrigerant gas in a water-cooled condenser in a refrigerator. Cooling water is used. Since this cooling water circulates in the cooling water passage and exchanges heat with the refrigerant gas in the condenser to cool the refrigerant gas, the temperature becomes high after the heat exchange. For this reason, a cooling device is installed in the cooling water passage so that it is cooled again and circulated for use. As a cooling device for this cooling water, a cooling tower (cooling tower) installed on the roof of a building is most popular. Although several types of cooling towers are used depending on the cooling method, the basic principle is to lower the temperature of cooling water by heat exchange due to contact between cooling water and air flow. . Therefore, in order to improve the heat exchange efficiency and increase the cooling effect, the material of the filler is improved and designed. Since the cooling action in the cooling tower is mainly performed by the heat of vaporization due to the evaporation of cooling water, it can be cooled only to the wet-bulb temperature at the cooling tower inlet, but the approach (the wet-bulb temperature at the cooling tower inlet and the cooling tower outlet temperature The temperature of the cooling water from the cooling tower is set to about 32 ° C. Moreover, if the range (difference between the inlet temperature and the outlet temperature) is 5 ° C., the function of the cooling tower is 37
The cooling water of ℃ can be cooled to 32 ℃ and returned to the condenser.

FIG. 6 is a schematic equipment configuration diagram showing an example of installation of a refrigerator, a cooling tower, and an air conditioner in a conventional air conditioning equipment of a building or the like. As shown in the figure, the cooling tower 60 is installed on the roof of the building 51, and the condenser 53 of the refrigerator 52 is installed.
The cooling water pipe 54A extends from the cooling tower 60 up to the cooling tower 60, and constitutes a water spraying section 61 at the upper position of the cooling tower 60.
The cooling water W sprinkled from 1 passes through the inside of the filler 62 and flows down to the lower water tank 63. At this time, a blower 64 is provided in the upper part of the cooling tower 60 so that the cooling water W flows down in the air flow that is taken in from the outside and rises in the tower. At this time, a part of the water that flows down is evaporated and the heat of vaporization is taken away, and the temperature of the cooling water drops. Then, the cooled (cooled) cooling water W is stored in the lower water tank 63 and is returned to the condenser 53 again via the cooling water pipe 54B and the cooling water pump 55. Then, the enclosed refrigerant cooled by the refrigeration cycle in the refrigerator 52 is sent to the air conditioner 56, and the cool air from the air conditioner 56 is installed in various places in the building 51 via the ducts 57 piped in the building 51. It is supplied to the blower ports 58, 58 ...

[0004]

This type of cooling tower is preferably installed in a well-ventilated place such as on the roof of a building. However, since the cooling tower usually has a built-in blower to enhance the heat exchange effect between air and cooling water, there is a problem that the operating noise of the blower affects the surrounding environment depending on the installation location. Also, in an open type cooling tower that takes in outside air directly from the louver around the tower and cools it, the cooling water flowing down inside the cooling tower is scattered around the cooling tower on the day when the wind is strong. Dust or gas may contaminate the cooling water. If the cooling water is heavily contaminated, the cooling water pipes and condensers may be corroded.

Further, in order to increase the cooling capacity, it is necessary to increase the scale and the number of cooling towers, but since the installation place is limited on the rooftop, it is difficult to aesthetically treat them and proper cooling is required. There is also the problem that equipment with capacity cannot be installed.

By the way, there is also an example in which the fountain basin is constructed in order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the cooling tower to function as a cooling facility and to enhance the effect of the landscape design around the building.
The fountain 70, an example of which is shown in FIG. 7, is usually arranged in the front yard of a building or the like (not shown), and is connected to a cooling water pipe 71 from a condenser (not shown) of a refrigerator installed in a machine room or the like in the building. Is being guided. Connect the end of the cooling pipe 71 to the fountain 7
It is arranged on the water surface of 0, and a plurality of spray nozzles 7 are provided in a part of it.
2 and 72 are formed and cooling water is sprayed from each spray nozzle 72 into a droplet or mist to drop into a pond. By making the cooling water droplets or mist, contact with air is achieved.
I expect a cooling effect.

According to such a fountain pond, the construction cost is almost the same as that of a pond structure as an ordinary landscape design, so that it is possible to provide an inexpensive cooling facility as compared with a cooling tower facility. In addition, it is possible to solve the problems such as the generation of noise and the installation location on the rooftop, which are mentioned in the case of the cooling tower, and it is possible to provide a waterside around the building. However, in the fountain basin, the cooling water cooled by the fountain effect is once stored in the fountain basin 70, and then returned to the refrigerator via the water intake pipe 73 and the cooling water pump (not shown). Therefore, in the case of strong sunlight such as midsummer, the water temperature of the pond rises, and the cooling effect may not be expected sufficiently. In addition, impurities such as dust may be mixed into the cooling water while being stored in the pond, and the cooling water may be returned to the refrigerator again with the impurities included, which may cause damage to the piping and equipment.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art and to provide a cooling circulation circulating reservoir structure in which a cooling action can be expected efficiently instead of a cooling tower facility.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention lays an osmotic filtration cooling layer made of water-permeable concrete on the bottom of a reservoir, and the water of the reservoir is a bone forming the osmosis filtration cooling layer. It is made to flow down like a water film along the surface of the material,
The water is continuously cooled, and the filtered and cooled water is collected by a water collecting pipe arranged in a lower layer of the permeation filtration cooling layer.

At this time, the water supplied to the reservoir is the cooling water from the water-cooled condenser of the refrigerator provided in the air conditioning equipment, and the water cooled through the permeation filtration cooling layer is the cooling water. It is preferable that the water is recovered by a pump provided on the piping path of (1) and is reused as cooling water for the water-cooled condenser.

The permeation filtration cooling layer made of the water-permeable concrete is preferably constructed of a precast concrete plate.

[0012]

According to the present invention, an osmotic filtration cooling layer made of water-permeable concrete is laid on the bottom of a reservoir, and the water in the reservoir flows down in the form of a water film along the surface of the aggregate constituting the osmosis filtration cooling layer. Then, the water is filtered and cooled when passing through the permeation filtration cooling layer, so that the filtered and cooled water is collected by the water collecting pipe arranged in the lower layer, so when the water permeable concrete portion flows down, Impurities can be removed by filtration, and part of the water evaporates due to the contact between the air in the voids and the water film, depriving the heat of vaporization, and the temperature of the water decreases while flowing down the surface of the aggregate. Then, the filtered and cooled water is collected by the water collecting pipe at the bottom of the pond.

At this time, cooling water from a water-cooled condenser of a refrigerator provided in the air conditioning equipment is supplied to the reservoir,
The cooling water cooled through the permeation filtration cooling layer can be collected by a pump provided on a piping path of the cooling water, circulated as cooling water for the water-cooled condenser, and reused.

When the permeation filtration cooling layer made of the water-permeable concrete is constructed with a precast concrete plate,
Construction becomes easier and construction speed is improved.

[0015]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the cooling filtration circulating reservoir structure according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The cooling filtration circulation reservoir structure shown in FIG. 1 has the same shape as the pond structure constructed from the viewpoint of the landscape design around the building as described in the related art. Therefore, the plan shape of the pond can be freely set to match the landscape design of the main building, but the area of the pond is determined from the viewpoint of the cooling effect of the cooling circulation circulation reservoir structure described later. It is preferable. First, the overall structure of the cooling filtration circulation reservoir structure will be described with reference to the sectional view of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the main structure of the cooling filtration circulation reservoir structure 1 for storing the cooling water W is a bottom plate 10 and a side wall 11 of a reinforced concrete structure whose inner surface is subjected to predetermined waterproofing.
And a pit 12 is formed at the downstream end 10A of the slab concrete 10 having a predetermined water gradient.
Cooling water W flowing down through a water collecting pipe described later flows into the pit 12.

A cooling water pipe 13 extending from a condenser (not shown) is guided to one end of the reservoir 1, and cooling water W whose temperature is raised by heat exchange in the condenser is continuously introduced into the pond. It can be stored physically. Meanwhile, pit 12
A water intake pipe 14 for collecting the cooling water W that has flowed into the pit 12 is connected to a part of the above. The cooling water W in the pit 12 is cooling water from which impurities and the like have been removed by filtration by passing through a filtration cooling layer of the cooling circulation circulation reservoir structure 1 (its configuration will be described later), and through the intake pipe 14. The cooling water pump (not shown) again collects and recirculates the condenser. As described above, the cooling water itself is circulated and used in the pipe path, but impurities and the like are removed by the filtering action in the cooling filtration layer, and damage to the equipment can be prevented.

Next, the construction of the cooling filtration circulation reservoir structure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. As shown in FIG. 1, on the bottom slab concrete 10 of the reservoir structure 1, water collecting pipes 15 are laid at predetermined intervals along the upstream and downstream directions. The water collecting pipe 15 has a shape obtained by dividing a circular pipe in half, and a polyvinyl chloride pipe in half is used in this embodiment. Further, cooling water inflow holes 16 each having a small-diameter, half-divided tubular shape are formed at predetermined intervals on both sides of the pipe. This water collection pipe 15
Is fixed to the slab concrete 10 by a fixture (not shown), and the cooling water W flowing into the water collecting pipe 15 from the cooling water inflow hole 16 as shown in FIG.
Flows down inside. Further, a water guide pipe 17 is formed in a part of the slab concrete 10 at a downstream end 15A of the water collection pipe 15 so as to be orthogonal to the water collection pipe 15. The water guiding pipe 17 plays a role of collecting the cooling water W flowing from each water collecting pipe 15 and guiding it to the pit 12. In addition, in FIG. 3, the water conduit pipe is not shown for simplification.

In the cooling reservoir 1, crushed stones 18 having a particle size of 13 to 5 mm are sprinkled out in a predetermined layer thickness so as to cover the water collecting pipes 15 arranged on the slab concrete 10, and the crushed stones are further crushed. A crushed sand 19 having a grain size of 5 mm or less is laminated on the layer to form a filter layer 20. The filter layer 20 also functions as a second filtration layer that removes impurities such as dust mixed in the cooling water W.

Further, on the upper layer of the filter layer 20, a permeation filtration cooling layer 21 for cooling the cooling water W flowing down in the layer to a predetermined temperature is formed. This permeation filtration cooling layer 21
Consists of a permeable concrete structure with a water permeability of about 10 ^-2 to 10 ^-1 (cm / sec).

In this embodiment, this water-permeable concrete structure is cast-in-place concrete that is cast in a predetermined layer thickness on the filter layer 20 that has been previously compacted so as to maintain a predetermined water permeability. The following table can be given as an example. In addition, the same formulation table is shown according to the description example of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers Concrete Standard Specification. For example, the absolute volume method is generally used for the mix design of concrete. From the volume ratio per unit volume (usually per 1 m ³ ) and the unit volume weight, the unit water amount and unit cement amount (unit water amount and set water cement, respectively) are calculated. It is generally calculated from the ratio.) Etc., and the workability is considered, and the fine aggregate ratio of the aggregate used and the unit coarse aggregate amount are determined. In the case of the present invention, in order to utilize the water permeability of the water permeable concrete, the coarse aggregate used is JIS standard 6
No. 7 crushed stone is used.

[0021]

[Table 1]

The mixing examples of this water-permeable concrete are the same as those used in the water-permeable concrete pavement structure disclosed by the applicant (see JP-A-59-206502 and JP-A-60-215565). In addition, the mixing example of the above table shows the value at v = 0% (porosity = 0), and in the on-site mixing, the porosity is changed so that the target water-permeable concrete can obtain a predetermined water permeability coefficient. It is preferable to set the width in the range of 20 to 30% and perform the measurement according to the value of the porosity. For example, when v = 25%, the on-site measurement value is shown in Table-1.
Is 0.75 times each value of. Further, since the aggregate used in the water-permeable concrete of the present invention is a single type of crushed stone,
/ A (fine aggregate ratio) is not set. Since the construction object of the permeable concrete structure described in the above publication is mainly road pavement, the bending strength corresponding to a predetermined road load is set as the reference strength, and the amount of cement used and the like are specified. However, the permeation filtration cooling layer 21 in the present invention
The permeable concrete structure constituting the above is a similar plate-like structure, but since the permeable concrete layer according to the present invention only needs to maintain the strength against hydrostatic pressure in the reservoir 1, the concrete usage amount shown in the above table On the other hand, it is also possible to reduce the amount of use.

Here, the cooling action of the permeation filtration cooling layer 21 will be briefly described. Since the permeability coefficient k of this osmotic filtration cooling layer 21 is about k = 10 ^-2 to 10 ^-1 (cm / sec) as described above, when it is used in the bottom plate portion of the reservoir 1, the inside of the osmosis filtration cooling layer 21 is The cooling water W stored in the pond permeates down. It has been confirmed that this permeating action of the cooling water W causes the cooling water W to flow downward on the surface of the aggregate due to gravity while forming a water film on the surface of the aggregate of the water-permeable concrete. . That is, aggregates in concrete compacted to a predetermined density are in mesh with each other to form a large number of voids, and the surface area per unit volume of aggregates (specific surface area m ² / m ³ ) is extremely large. . For this reason, when the cooling water W having a high temperature flows down along the surface of the aggregate while maintaining a large contact area, the cooling water W is cooled by the contact with air during this period and a part of the water (total 1.2 %)) Evaporates and the cooling of water progresses by the heat of vaporization. Further, since the permeation filtration cooling layer 21 is located at the bottom of the pond, it is unlikely to be affected by the outside air, so that the water temperature can be kept relatively low. Since the cooled water is guided to the cooling water pump via the underground water intake pipe 14, there is little loss in heat transfer,
There is also an advantage that it can be kept in a good heat retention state.

Further, the cooling water W that has flowed down through the permeation filtration cooling layer 21 and is cooled passes through the filter layer 20. Dust and dust mixed in the cooling water W when passing through the filter layer 20 is removed by filtration, and clean cooling water W is collected in the pit 12 through the water collecting pipe 15.

As a modified example, FIG. 2B shows a water collecting pipe 15 for enhancing the cooling effect of the cooling filtration circulation reservoir structure 1.
The ventilation path 25 is formed in the part. As shown, a part of the side wall 11 of the reservoir 1 has a double wall structure 11A, 1
The ventilation path 25 is formed between the double walls 11A and 11B. Ventilation ports 27 provided with louvers 26 are provided on the ground portions at both ends of the ventilation path 25. From the ventilation ports 27, a natural wind is drawn to the water collection pipe 15 disposed below the permeation filtration cooling layer 21. Can be sent to enhance the cooling effect. Further, if necessary, a blower (not shown) is installed at a predetermined position in the ventilation path 25,
In addition to the cooling effect by permeation, it is also possible to promote the evaporation of the cooling water W by blowing air and enhance the cooling effect by the heat of vaporization.

The water collecting pipe 15 shown in FIGS.
Is configured to collect the cooling water W that has been permeated and cooled from the cooling water inflow holes 16 formed on both sides. As a modified example of the water collection pipe 15, various resin perforated pipes having holes formed at predetermined intervals over the entire surface of the pipe can be used. Further, the perforated pipe and the cooling water inflow hole 16 may be used together.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the filter layer 2
Instead of 0, a precast concrete plate 31 as a filter layer is laid on the bottom slab concrete 10, and a precast concrete plate 32 as a permeation filtration cooling layer is further laminated in two layers on the filtration circulatory reservoir structure for cooling 1
Is shown. A precast concrete plate with a certain size consisting of a water-permeable concrete structure was produced in a factory in advance, and the precast concrete plate 31, 3 was placed on the pond part where the site construction of the bottom slab concrete was completed.
Each layer corresponding to the permeation filtration cooling layer 21 and the filter layer 20 of FIG. 3 can be constructed only by laying 2. At this time, a semi-cylindrical concave portion 33 corresponding to the water collecting pipe 15 of FIG. 3 is formed on the bottom surface of the precast concrete plate 31 constituting the filter layer. This recess 3
Reference numeral 3 denotes a part which is stamped out by a semi-cylindrical mold material such as a void material set in advance in the mold during casting of the precast concrete plate, and the water flowing down the filter layer is formed on the bottom slab concrete 10. The pits (not shown) can flow along the concave portions 33. In addition, precast concrete board 31,
The diameter of the aggregate used to manufacture 32 is 2.5 in order to increase the specific surface area of the aggregate in the plate 32 that constitutes the permeation filtration cooling layer.
A crushed stone with a particle size of about 5 to 13 mm (JIS standard: No. 6) is used for the plate 31 that constitutes a filter layer that does not require a large specific surface area by using crushed stone of about -5 mm (corresponding to JIS standard: No. 7 crushed stone). Equivalent to crushed stone) should be used.

5 is a modification of FIG. 4, in which a plurality of prismatic water-permeable concrete blocks 34, 34 ... Are used as supporting members for the permeation filtration cooling layer on the slab concrete 10 along the upstream and downstream directions. It is arranged such that the cooling water W flows downstream between the adjacent prisms 34 at intervals. At this time, a precast concrete plate 32 having a high water permeability can be used for the permeation filtration cooling layer as in FIG. A joining member 35 made of resin or the like may be used for joining the precast concrete plates. As the joining member 35, it is sufficient that the precast concrete plate and the water-permeable concrete block arranged on the bottom slab concrete 10 adjacent to each other have a fixing ability to such an extent that they do not shift.

The cooling capacity of the osmotic filtration cooling layer described above depends on the specific surface area of the water-permeable concrete portion where water flows down, that is, the layer thickness, the particle size of the aggregate used for the water-permeable concrete, and the presence or absence of ventilation. Since they are different, when a large cooling capacity is required and a large pond area cannot be secured, it is preferable to design the members so that the cooling capacity in the permeation filtration cooling layer is large. On the other hand, although the cooling capacity is not so required, when the pond area is determined by the layout relationship between the building and the pond, the permeation filtration cooling layer can be applied only to the bottom plate position of a part of the designed pond shape.
It goes without saying that it is sufficient to build a water collection facility.

[0030]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to make use of it in the landscape design of a building and to circulate filtered and cooled water in a pond structure instead of the cooling tower of the air conditioning equipment of the building. Since it can perform continuous cooling, it is economical to clean and cool the water used at the same time, and it is possible to eliminate outdoor facilities such as a rooftop cooling tower, and it is expected to have effects from noise prevention and landscape viewpoint. it can.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional perspective view showing the internal structure of an embodiment of a cooling filtration circulation reservoir structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view showing an example of a cooling filtration circulation reservoir structure of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line III-III shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a cooling circulation circulation reservoir structure.

5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a modified example of FIG.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing an example of a conventional cooling tower facility.

FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a conventional cooling fountain basin.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Cooling Circulation Reservoir Structure 10 Bottom Concrete 12 Pit 13 Cooling Water Pipe 14 Intake Pipe 15 Water Collection Pipe 20 Filter Layer 21 Permeation Filtration Cooling Layer 31 Precast Concrete Plate

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A permeation filtration cooling layer having a permeable concrete structure is laid on the bottom of a reservoir, and water in the reservoir is flowed down in the form of a water film along the surface of an aggregate constituting the permeation filtration cooling layer. A filtration circulation reservoir structure for cooling, wherein water is continuously filtered and cooled, and the filtered and cooled water is collected by a water collecting pipe arranged in a lower layer of the osmotic filtration and cooling layer. 2. The water supplied to the reservoir is cooling water from a water-cooled condenser of a refrigerator provided in an air conditioner, and the water filtered and cooled through the permeation filtration cooling layer is the cooled water. The filtration circulation reservoir structure for cooling according to claim 1, wherein the water is collected by a pump provided on a water piping path and is circulated as cooling water for the water-cooled condenser to be repeatedly used. 3. The filtration circulation reservoir structure for cooling according to claim 1, wherein the permeation filtration cooling layer made of water-permeable concrete is constructed of a precast concrete plate.