JPH07317042A - Block for submarine facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain blocks which are durable although they are used in severe conditions and in which a netted body is erected so as to secure a self-standing posture for a long time and which is suitable for regulation of littoral drifts and favorable for an artificial fish reef. CONSTITUTION:A block 1 for submarine facilities has a self-stand-ing nature and constituted of a unit 2 composed of a plurality of columns and horizontal beams connecting respective columns and a heavy foundation 3 made of B- shaped concrete block having an opening 5. The lower end 11 of the unit 2 is fixed in the groove 4 of the heavy foundation 3, with vertical columns, to erect the unit 2.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is a block for a submarine facility which is suitable for an artificial fish reef for collecting fish and for controlling sand drift to prevent sand from being taken away by sea waves or tidal current when installed on the sea floor. It is about the body.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The coastline, which used to be a sandy beach in various places, is a sandy beach due to a decrease in sand supply due to the construction of sabo dams in mountains and rivers, sand extraction from the sea and rivers, and a decrease in seaweeds. The amount of sand in this area has been gradually decreasing in recent years, and countermeasures against it have been strongly desired. As a countermeasure against this, a sand drift control method as described in JP-A-3-172408 has been proposed.

This method of controlling sand transport is applied to the seabed near the coastline.
A sand drift control member having a hole for exposing the seabed is laid in the center to suppress the flow of seawater near the seabed and prevent the sand from flowing offshore.

[0004]

The sand control method described above has a hole in the center of the sand control member used therein, and therefore has little adverse effect on the ecosystem on the seabed and is mounted on it. It has become possible to control sand transport by the effect of artificial seaweed deceleration on the ocean current.However, after a long period of time, shellfish and seaweed adhere to the flexible artificial seaweed that slows the ocean current and the standing state is disturbed. This will cause a reduction in the deceleration action.

For this reason, the present inventor has previously proposed a technique for controlling sand transport by arranging a net having a relatively good self-standing property on a weight base. (Japanese Patent Application No. 4-135936 and Japanese Patent Application No. 4-322454) However, Japanese Patent Application No. 4-135936 and Japanese Patent Application No.
A net-like structure as described in US Pat. No. 3,322,454 is not only capable of slowing down waves to control drifting sand and achieving a sandy beach sand runoff prevention effect, but also in part to coastline sandy beaches. It was also confirmed that it is useful for increasing the area, and it was also confirmed that seaweed and shellfish adhere to the material of the net to enhance the fish collecting effect. Since it is installed,
The energy of the waves is received over the entire surface, and the energy of the waves concentrates on the fixed parts of the concrete and the net, and the energy of the waves causes the phenomenon that the net is torn from the concrete and damaged, resulting in sand drift control and It was found to be unsuitable as a block body for underwater facilities for fish reefs.

In the present invention, based on the lessons learned from the above experience, a standing net-like body is erected in such a manner that it is rich in durability despite being used under severe conditions and can maintain its independence for a long time. It is intended to provide a block body for a submarine facility, which is suitable for sand drift control and artificial fish reef.

[0007]

The present invention has solved the above-mentioned problems by vertically fixing a plurality of pillar portions having self-supporting property and elasticity in a strip shape or a loop shape. That is, the block body for a submarine facility of the present invention, a plurality of pillar portions having self-supporting property and elasticity, standing up in a strip shape,
Make sure that the lower end of the unit is fixed to the weight base, or stand up by bending the column in a loop shape and with the curved part up, fix both lower ends to the weight base. It is characterized by standing.

In the present invention, the plurality of pillars must be self-supporting and elastic. Here, having self-sustaining property and elasticity means that when one end of the pillar is fixed to a heavy object, it can stand in water without any other support, and it does not easily bend due to small wave energy. , It means that even if it bends, it can be restored immediately and become independent. Further, in the present invention, it is desirable that the column portion also has flexibility. Here, flexibility means so-called flexibility. This is because if the column portion is not flexible at all, it will be damaged by the wave energy because it will be damaged and the problems described above will occur. Flexibility is also required when the pillar portion is formed into a loop shape. That is, as the pillar portion in the present invention, it has a self-supporting property such that it is not easily bent by a small wave energy, and shows flexibility enough to be flexibly bent when receiving a large wave energy, and It is most desirable that the material has elasticity, that is, elasticity that allows it to be immediately restored after being bent. In order to meet such requirements, it is desirable that the bending elastic modulus of the column portion is 500 to 20000 kgf / cm ² . If it is 500 kgf / cm ² or less, it is flexible, but since it bends easily due to small wave energy, it cannot exhibit a sufficient sand transport control function, and if it exceeds 20,000 kgf / cm ² , it is self-supporting, Since it is too rigid, it is easily damaged by wave energy, which is not preferable in terms of durability.

The cross-sectional shape of the pillar portion fixed to the weight base in a strip shape is preferably a wide shape such as a rectangular shape or an elliptical shape. When the pillar portion is laid on the seabed, the strip shape is used. Alternatively, it is desirable that one side of the loop-shaped pillar portion with its width intersects with the tidal current, and that the pillar portion is positioned so that it can swing as a kind of resistor by the tidal current.

As a concretely preferable structure of the column portion, there can be mentioned a composite body in which a reinforcing yarn is coated with an elastic material. In this composite, the reinforcing yarn reinforces the composite, and when it is used as a column portion, plays a role of imparting durability against bending. Therefore, the strength of the reinforcing yarn is 80k.
The material and shape of the reinforcing yarn itself are not particularly limited as long as they are gf or more and the reinforcing yarn itself is self-supporting. For example, a multifilament obtained by melt spinning a polyolefin-based polymer such as polyethylene or polypropylene, a polyester-based polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate, or a polyamide-based polymer such as nylon 6 or nylon 66, and melt spinning, or The spun yarn composed of them is bundled and subjected to strong twisting to have a diameter of 5 to 30.
It is possible to use a rope having a diameter of 10 mm, or a bundled yarn having a total denier of 10,000 to 1,000,000 denier in which monofilaments having a diameter of 1 to 5 mm made of a polymer or a copolymer thereof are bundled. Also, the diameter is 0.
The diameter made by twisting 5 to 1.5 mm wire is 2 to
It is also possible to use a 10 mm wire rope or a rope-shaped rope made of sisal or the like and having a diameter of 5 to 30 mm. In addition, a steel wire having a diameter of 1.5 to 5 mm, particularly a steel wire made of stainless steel is preferably used.

The elastic material covering the reinforcing yarn must be self-supporting and impart elasticity and flexibility to the column portion, and is exposed to seawater for a long period of time. Therefore, it must have corrosion resistance. Specifically, the bending elastic modulus is 200 to 5000 kgf / c
Polyester-based elastomers, polyolefin-based elastomers, polyamide-based elastomers, natural rubber and the like within the range of m ² can be preferably used.

The reinforcing yarn is preferably coated with the elastic material in a molten state. Therefore, the melting point of the elastic material is at least 30 ° C higher than the melting point of the material forming the reinforcing yarn.
It is preferable to combine the material of the reinforcing yarn and the elastic material so as to be low.

The shape of the composite is not particularly limited, and may be rectangular, square, circular, rhombic, elliptical, hexagonal, or the like in which the reinforcing yarn is wrapped around the core material. Further, it may be a multi-core type in which a plurality of reinforcing yarns are used as a core material and covered with an elastic material. As described above, this composite has self-supporting property when used as a pillar,
Since it must be able to absorb wave energy, it is necessary to have an appropriate width and thickness. For example, when the cross-sectional shape of the composite is rectangular, elliptical, or rhombic, the width is about 20 to 1
It is desirable that the thickness is 00 mm and the thickness is 2 to 40 mm. Further, when the cross-sectional shape is circular or hexagonal, the diameter is preferably within the range of 10 to 100 mm.

Furthermore, in order to increase the resistance to tidal current,
A resistor portion may be provided on the pillar portion. The resistor portion can be formed by providing a thin plate-like object at the side edge of the pillar portion continuously or at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the pillar portion. The size, thickness, number, etc. of the resistor portions can be appropriately selected according to the application in the sea. Further, the angle formed by the resistor portion and the horizontal rail portion is not particularly limited.

In another invention of the present application, a unit in which a plurality of pillar portions having self-supporting property and elasticity are connected by a horizontal rail portion is provided.
It is characterized in that it is fixed to the weight base in a strip shape with the pillar portion in the vertical direction. In this way, by taking the configuration in which the multiple pillars are bound by the horizontal crosspieces, the free movement of each pillar is controlled, and as a result, the resistance to waves is increased and the sand drift is effectively controlled. You can do it. The specific configuration will be described below.

The cross rail connecting the pillars must be able to withstand the external force applied when fixing the unit to the weight base and the wave energy in the sea. Therefore, it is desirable that the cross rail portion is made of the same elastic material as the column portion, and the width thereof is preferably 3 to 10 mm and the thickness thereof is approximately 1 to 5 mm. One unit is composed of 2 to 30 pillars, and the distance between the pillars, that is, the length of the horizontal rail is 2
0 to 200 mm, the distance between the horizontal rails is 20 to 300
It is preferable that the area is 9 mm and the area per opening portion formed at the end portion of the unit or the opening portion formed by being surrounded by the pillar portion and the cross rail portion is 9 to 500 cm ² . 9
If it is less than cm ² , the load due to the tidal current becomes too large, and the tidal current tends to cause collapse and damage. If it exceeds 500 cm ² , the flow of the tidal current is too good, and the desired function, for example, the function of preventing the outflow of sand on the coast or the fish collecting function cannot be exhibited.
Moreover, it is desirable to change the area of the opening or the opening depending on the purpose of use of the block for a submarine facility of the present invention.
0 cm ² , about 4 to 100 cm ² is preferable when used as an artificial fish reef for collecting fish.

As described above, the shape of the unit composed of the pillar portion and the horizontal rail portion is "day""field""eye""use""book".
It is similar to the shape of the letter, but the width per unit is 10 to 1 regardless of the shape of the unit.
It is preferably within the range of 00 cm. Width is 10 cm
If it is smaller, even if the pillars are connected by the horizontal cross section, the resistance to waves is not increased, and each unit freely swings like one pillar, so wave energy is saved. It cannot be sufficiently relaxed and the sand control effect is diminished. Further, if one unit is small, many units need to be fixed to the weight base, which leads to high cost. When the width of the unit exceeds 100 cm, if a heavy object such as a stone having an area larger than the opening of the unit hits the unit and the unit is pushed down, the lodging space becomes too large, and the sand is moved by that much. There is an inconvenience that the control effect becomes small.

Further, for example, a V-shaped cut line can be formed on the horizontal cross section. If such a break line is provided, the horizontal cross section will be broken from the break line when a very large wave energy or an excessive load such as collision energy due to collision of heavy objects such as stones and ships is applied to the unit. Then, part or all of the connection of the pillars is released, and the load is distributed to each pillar, so that it is possible to prevent damage or collapse of the entire unit.

The unit for a submarine facility of the present invention can be obtained by vertically fixing this unit to a weight base. A concrete structure or a structure made of steel frames can be used as the weight base, but in view of durability in the sea, manufacturing cost, etc., a concrete structure,
Particularly, a frame-shaped concrete block having a space in the center is suitable.

As a method of vertically arranging the unit on the weight base, for example, a groove is provided on the upper surface of the weight base, and the column portion of the unit is set in the vertical direction, and the unit is erected in a strip shape and positioned in the groove. There is a method of pouring a solidifying material, for example, cement, and integrally fixing it to a weight base. Further, when the unit is bent in a loop shape and installed upright, one unit is bent at the center to form a loop,
It is advisable to position both ends on the lower side in the groove with the curved portion facing up, and then fix with a solidifying material such as cement.

In the case of standing up in a strip shape, the above-mentioned "unit", "field", "month" and "book" -shaped units can be used as they are. Also, when the unit is bent in a loop shape and erected, the shape of the loop is a hairpin shape,
Any shape may be used as long as it forms a hollow portion such as an Ω shape or an inverted U shape. In any case, the standing portion of the unit has a height of 20 to 100 cm in order to facilitate the standing and fixing of the unit and to effectively exert the sand control function.
Is preferred.

The direction in which the units are mounted when a plurality of units are erected on a heavy base does not need to be specified, but for the purpose of sand transport control, most of the faces of the units are oriented toward the shoreline. It is desirable to do so.
In addition, a plurality of units may be erected in a regular arrangement such as a square shape or an eye shape. In addition, if the planar shape of the heavy base is rectangular, the units are placed in parallel with each other at intervals on each base in the form of strips or loops, and they are combined vertically and horizontally when laid on the seabed. It may be an array.

[0023]

In the block body for a submarine facility of the present invention, the pillar portion acts as a kind of resistor in the sea, and slowly oscillates when wave energy is received on one surface of the strip-shaped or loop-shaped pillar portion. The speed of the tidal current is slowed down and the tidal current is allowed to pass through to prevent drift sand from the coast from being carried off along with the tidal current.

In particular, when the column body is formed into a loop shape and the curved body is turned up and the lower end portions of the block body are fixed to the weight base, the block body is submerged in the sea. The tunnel-shaped cavity provides a safe shadowing place for small fish, which is suitable for the inhabitation of small fish, and shells and seaweed adhere to the pillars, side piers, or weight base of the unit. As it does, it exerts an excellent fish collecting action.

Further, if a unit in which a plurality of pillars are connected by the horizontal rails is used, the standing state of the pillars or loop-shaped pillars can be maintained by connecting the horizontal rails.
By controlling the free swing of each pillar to some extent,
In addition to increasing the resistance of the pillar to wave energy, it also acts as a resistor to control sand drift.
Further, the opening and the opening formed by the pillar portion and the cross rail portion play a role of facilitating the smooth transmission of the tidal current.

Furthermore, if a cut line is formed in the horizontal cross section,
When an excessive load such as extremely large wave energy or collision energy due to collision of heavy objects such as stones and ships is applied to the unit, the horizontal cross section breaks from the break line and part of the connection of the pillars Alternatively, the entire unit is unwound and the load is distributed to each pillar, so that damage or collapse of the entire unit can be prevented.

[0027]

EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples.

[Embodiment 1] FIG. 1 shows a block body (1) for a submarine facility in which a unit (2) is erected and fixed in a strip shape on a weight base (3). FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of FIG. This seabed facility block (1) is
The weight of the lower end portion (11) of the unit (2), which is composed of a plurality of pillar portions (6) having self-sustainability and a cross rail portion (7) connecting the pillar portions, with the pillar portion (6) as the vertical direction. It is constructed by vertically fixing it to the base (3).

The unit (2) in the submarine facility block body (1) is composed of a pillar portion (6) having a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 15 mm, and a cross rail portion (7) having a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. The space between the part (6) and the pillar (6) is 150 mm, the space between the upper and lower horizontal rails (7) is 250 mm, and the opening (10) formed by the pillar (6) and the horizontal rail (7). It was obtained by cutting a grid-shaped material having an area of 375 cm ² per piece into a width of 600 mm and a pillar portion length of 765 mm. An opening (9) having an area of 375 cm ² is formed at the upper end of the unit along with the cutting. The pillar portion (6) of the unit is composed of a composite body (14) having a cross-sectional shape shown in FIG. 5, and this composite body (14) is a rope shape having a diameter of 10 mm obtained by strong twisting a nylon multifilament yarn. The reinforcing yarn (15) is covered with a polypropylene-ethylene-butene terpolymer elastomer (16). Further, in this example, as shown in FIG. 2, the same cross-section (7) was made of the same elastomer, and a V-shaped cut line (8) was provided at the center.

Further, as a weight base (3), about 1 is placed inside.
Two openings (5) of 50 cm x 60 cm are formed,
Further, a groove (4) is formed at the center of the long sides on both sides surrounding the opening.
Was used, and the vertical and horizontal dimensions were 210 cm, the thickness was 30 cm, and a "Sun" -shaped concrete block was used. The lower end (11) of the unit (2) is placed 60 mm in the groove (4) of this concrete block, cement is poured into the groove (4), and 6 units (2) are placed in the weight base (3). Was vertically fixed in a strip shape to form one block body (1) for a submarine facility.

[Embodiment 2] FIG. 3 shows a submarine facility block body (1) in which a unit (2) is curved in a loop shape and is vertically fixed to a weight base (3) with a curved portion (12) facing upward. ) Is illustrated. FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.

The unit (2) in the block body (1) for submarine facilities comprises a pillar portion (6) having a width of 80 mm and a thickness of 10 mm, and a cross rail portion (7) having a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. The space between the portion (6) and the pillar (6) is 150 mm, the distance between the upper and lower horizontal rails (7) is 200 mm, and the opening (10) formed by the pillar (6) and the horizontal rail (7). It is obtained by cutting a grid-like material having an area of 300 cm ² per piece into a width of 600 mm and a length of a column portion of 1300 mm. The column portion (6) is composed of a composite body (14) having a cross section shown in FIG. 9, and this composite body (14) has a denier of 20000,
Reinforcing filaments (15) consisting of 7 monofilament monofilament yarns with a diameter of 1.4 mm and subjected to strong twist are arranged in 5 rows at intervals of about 10 mm, and the periphery thereof is made of elastic low-density polyethylene (16 ) Has a multi-core structure. Further, the same low density polyethylene was used to form the horizontal cross section (7).

As a weight base (3), about 160c inside
When two openings (5) of m × 65 cm are formed and a groove (4) is provided at the center of the long sides on both sides surrounding the openings, the vertical and horizontal dimensions are 220 cm, and the thickness is Thirty
A concrete block (3) having a cm shape and a "day" shape was used. In the groove (4) of the concrete block (3), the unit (2) is curved into an Ω shape and the curved portion (1) is formed.
The lower ends (13) are 60 mm with 2) facing up.
It was put in and positioned, cement was poured into the groove (4), and the six loop-shaped units (2) were erected and fixed on the weight base (3) to form one block for the undersea facility. In addition, in the said Example 2, although the case where a break line was not provided in the horizontal beam part (7) was described, this Example 2 is the same as Example 1.
It is preferable to form, for example, a V-shaped cut line also on the horizontal cross section (7).

The manner of installing the block body on the seabed in Examples 1 and 2 is arbitrarily determined in consideration of the direction and speed of the tidal current at the place of installation, but in the case of mainly controlling sand transport. As shown in FIG. 13, the block bodies may be arranged in parallel so that the surface of the unit is parallel to the coastline. When the main purpose is to make an artificial fish reef, the surfaces of the units intersect with each other as shown in FIG. It is good to arrange like this.

The above embodiment is merely an example of a desirable mode of the present invention, and various modes other than this are possible. For example, as described above, the pillar portion of the unit may have a rectangular shape, a square shape, a circular shape, a rhombic shape, or a multi-core type as shown in FIGS. Further, it is also possible to use a column portion provided with a resistor portion (17) as shown in FIG.

When the unit is bent in a loop shape and used, the shape of the curve may be not only the Ω shape as in the second embodiment but also an inverted U shape as shown in FIG.

Further, various forms can be selected for the shape of the weight base, the arrangement direction of the units on the weight base, and the like. For example, a triangular or square weight base may be used. Further, when arranging the units on the weight base, not only the units may be arranged in one direction, but also the characters “field” and “eye” may be formed as shown in FIG. 15 and FIG. Depending on the intended use of the body,
It can be erected in any direction and angle.

[0038]

As described above, the block body for a submarine facility of the present invention comprises a plurality of pillar portions having self-supporting property and elasticity, which are vertically fixed to a heavy object. If one surface is arranged at a position intersecting with the tidal current, it exhibits excellent resistance to the tidal current.

In the case of a unit in which the pillars are connected by horizontal crosspieces, if a large number of them are laid in parallel from near the shoreline to offshore as sand drift control material, the units will slowly rock due to the tidal current. It has the effect of mitigating wave energy, preventing sand from the coast from being carried off along with the tidal current in the section from the sunk line to the shoreline, protecting the sandy beach, and maintaining the landscape of the sandy beach.

When the pillar portion is made of a composite material in which the reinforcing thread is covered with the elastic material, the durability against the wave energy is improved, so that the above effect can be maintained for a long time. You can

Further, if a V-shaped cut line is formed on the horizontal cross section, when the unit is subjected to an excessive load such as collision energy due to collision of a heavy object, the horizontal cross section is broken from the cut line. Since some or all of the connection of the pillars is released and the load is distributed to each pillar, it is possible to prevent the entire unit from being damaged or collapsed, and it is possible to use it for a long time.

Further, when the unit is formed into a loop, and the lower end portions of the block body are fixed to the weight base with the curved portion facing upward, the block body is submerged in the sea. The hollows provide a safe shadowing place for small fish, which is suitable for the inhabitation of small fish.Besides, shells and seaweed adhere to the pillars, side piers, or weight base of the unit. Exhibits excellent fish collecting effect.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a submarine facility block body.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged perspective view of a unit portion of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway perspective view showing an example of a submarine facility block body.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged perspective view of a unit portion of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a pillar portion of the unit.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a pillar portion of the unit.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a pillar portion of the unit.

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a pillar portion of the unit.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a pillar portion of the unit.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a pillar portion of the unit.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a unit including a column portion provided with a resistor.

FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a curved state of the unit.

FIG. 13 is a plan view showing an example of an installation mode of a submarine facility block body.

FIG. 14 is a plan view showing an example of an installation mode of a submarine facility block body.

FIG. 15 is a plan view showing an example of arrangement of units.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing an example of arrangement of units.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Blocks for submarine facilities 2 Unit 3 Weight base 4 Groove 5 Opening 6 Pillar 7 Cross bar 8 Break line 9 Open 10 Opening 11 Lower end 12 Curved part 13 Both ends 14 Composite 15 Reinforcing yarn 16 Elastic material 17 Resistor part

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (71) Applicant 000002923 Daiwa Spinning Co., Ltd. 3-6-8 Kutaro-cho, Chuo-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka (72) Inventor Hideo Hayashi 2-3-chome, Kandaji-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Shares Ceremony Company Obayashi Tokyo Head Office (72) Inventor Norihiko Sakata 4--1-4 Shinmachi, Nishi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka Shin Naniwasuji Nakagawa Building 7.8F Hirose Giken Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hatami, Kyoto Prefecture Kyoto City 225 Yodohoncho, Fushimi-ku, Keihan Concrete Industry Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Makoto Otakuro 471 Komiya, Harima-cho, Kako-gun, Hyogo Prefecture

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A submarine facility block body comprising a plurality of pillars having self-supporting properties and elasticity fixed to a weight base in a strip shape. 2. A plurality of self-supporting and elastic pillar portions are curved in a loop shape, and both lower end portions are fixed to a weight base with the curved portions facing upward. Block body for submarine facilities. 3. A unit comprising a plurality of self-supporting and elastic pillars and a horizontal rail connecting the pillars is fixed to the weight base in a strip shape with the pillars in the vertical direction. A block body for undersea facilities. 4. A unit comprising a plurality of pillar portions having self-supporting property and elasticity, and a horizontal rail portion connecting the respective pillar portions is curved in a loop shape, and a unit below the curved portion is placed in a curved shape. A block body for a submarine facility, characterized in that both ends are fixed to a heavy base. 5. The submarine facility block body according to claim 3, wherein a cut line is formed on the horizontal rail portion. 6. The column according to claim 3, wherein the pillar portion is made of a composite material in which a reinforcing thread is covered with an elastic material, and the cross rail portion is made of an elastic material. Block body for undersea facilities.