JPH0731380A - Farming of flat fish and feed therefor - Google Patents
Farming of flat fish and feed thereforInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0731380A JPH0731380A JP5198932A JP19893293A JPH0731380A JP H0731380 A JPH0731380 A JP H0731380A JP 5198932 A JP5198932 A JP 5198932A JP 19893293 A JP19893293 A JP 19893293A JP H0731380 A JPH0731380 A JP H0731380A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- meal
- flounder
- feather meal
- protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、ヒラメの養殖方法およ
びそれに有効な配合飼料の開発に関するものである。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for culturing flounder and development of a compound feed effective for the method.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】ヒラメは肉食魚であることから従来のヒ
ラメ養殖では、稚魚期ではマイワシあるいはタラ類をタ
ンパク質源とする配合飼料、若魚期から未成魚期にかけ
ては冷凍保存したイカナゴ、マイワシ等の生餌が主に使
われている。また、最近、マイワシあるいはタラ類をタ
ンパク質源とする配合飼料を若魚期以降の飼育で使用す
る試みも行われている。2. Description of the Related Art Since flounder is a carnivorous fish, in conventional flounder culture, sardine or a mixed feed containing cod as a protein source in the juvenile stage, frozen sardines, sardines, etc. from the juvenile to the juvenile stage. The live bait is mainly used. Further, recently, attempts have been made to use a compounded feed containing sardines or cod as a protein source in breeding after the young fish period.
【０００３】[0003]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】ヒラメを生産的に養殖
するためには一定量の飼料を必要とすることから、イカ
ナゴ、マイワシ等の生餌の場合、保存に大型の冷凍庫
（−20℃以下）を必要とすること、また漁獲時期によっ
て成分の季節変動がおこり易いなどの問題点が指摘され
ている。また、マイワシあるいはタラ類魚粉をタンパク
質源とする配合飼料では、栄養面での問題もほとんどな
く、保存も容易であるものの、飼料価格が高いことから
幅広く使われるには至っていない。また、最近、マイワ
シ漁獲量の大幅な低下がおこり飼料価格が高騰しつつあ
る。これらのことから、安定供給が可能で、貯蔵等に特
殊な手段を必要としないヒラメ用飼料が望まれている。[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Since a certain amount of feed is required for productively culturing flounder, in the case of raw food such as locust, sardine, etc., a large freezer (-20 ° C or below) is required for storage. ) Is required, and seasonal fluctuations of the components are likely to occur depending on the fishing season. Further, a compounded feed containing sardine or cod fish meal as a protein source has few problems in nutrition and is easy to store, but it has not been widely used because of its high feed price. In addition, the sardine catch has fallen sharply in recent years, and feed prices are rising. For these reasons, there is a demand for a flounder feed that can be stably supplied and does not require any special means for storage.
【０００４】フェザーミールの価格は、マイワシ、タラ
魚粉の１／３以下であり、これを魚粉の代替タンパク質
源として用いることで、飼料価格の低減が可能になると
考えられる。しかし、フェザーミールをヒラメ用飼料と
して用いた例はみられない。本発明は、フェザーミール
と魚粉をタンパク質源とした、低価格で栄養価の高い配
合飼料を開発することを目的とするものである。The price of feather meal is 1/3 or less of that of sardine and cod fish meal, and it is considered that the feed price can be reduced by using this as an alternative protein source of fish meal. However, there are no examples of using feather meal as a flounder feed. An object of the present invention is to develop a low cost and highly nutritious compounded feed containing feather meal and fish meal as protein sources.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明者らは、ヒラメの
成長に有効な飼料タンパク質源について種々検討した結
果、特定な配合物とすることによってヒラメの養殖にフ
ェザーミールが使用できることを見いだして本発明を完
成した。従って、本発明のヒラメ用配合飼料は、従来ヒ
ラメ用飼料には使用されていないフェザーミールをタン
パク質源としたことを特徴とする。[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of various studies on a feed protein source effective for flounder growth, the present inventors have found that a specific formulation can be used for feather meal for aquaculture of flounder. The present invention has been completed. Therefore, the compounded feed for flounder of the present invention is characterized by using, as a protein source, feather meal which has not been used in the conventional flounder feed.
【０００６】本発明のヒラメの養殖方法は、フェザーミ
ールと魚粉をタンパク質源とした配合飼料を用いること
特徴とする。本発明者等の研究によれば、フェザーミー
ルは、タンパク質含量は高いものの含硫アミノ酸が多
く、またある種の必須アミノ酸も不足することから、単
独のタンパク質源としてヒラメ用配合飼料に用いた場
合、著しい成長低下をもたらす。従って本発明では、従
来ヒラメ用配合飼料に用いられている魚粉とフェザーミ
ールを合わせて使用することによって、不足する必須ア
ミノ酸を補うと共にフェザーミールのタンパク質をヒラ
メの成長に有効に利用することからなる。魚粉として
は、従来ヒラメの養殖に使用されていたマイワシ、タラ
魚粉のほか、他の養魚用魚粉を使用することもできる。
より具体的には、魚粉とフェザーミールの配合割合は重
量比で１：0.5 〜１の範囲で選択配合される。The method for culturing flounder of the present invention is characterized by using a mixed feed containing feather meal and fish meal as a protein source. According to the studies conducted by the present inventors, feather meal has a high protein content but has a large amount of sulfur-containing amino acids, and is also deficient in certain essential amino acids. Therefore, when it is used as a sole protein source in a mixed feed for flounder. Results in a significant reduction in growth. Therefore, in the present invention, by combining fish meal and feather meal that have been conventionally used in the flounder mixed feed, the essential amino acids that are lacking are supplemented and the protein of feather meal is effectively utilized for the growth of flounder. . As the fish meal, in addition to sardine and cod fish meal that have been conventionally used for culturing flounder, other fish meal for fish farming can also be used.
More specifically, the mixing ratio of fish meal and feather meal is selected and mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 0.5 to 1.
【０００７】また本発明では、魚粉の種類によって不足
すると認められる必須アミノ酸を更に上記配合飼料に添
加することができる。必須アミノ酸としては、フェザー
ミール 100ｇあたりトリプトファン 0.5〜２ｇ、メチオ
ニン１〜４ｇ、リジン２〜８ｇおよびヒステジン 0.5〜
２ｇの添加を必要とするが、それぞれ１ｇ、２ｇ、４ｇ
および１ｇ程度が好ましい。必須アミノ酸は、通常結晶
アミノ酸として添加するが、必要に応じ上記必須アミノ
酸を所定量含む物質、例えば魚粉、肝油等として添加し
てもよい。Further, in the present invention, an essential amino acid, which is recognized to be insufficient depending on the type of fish meal, can be further added to the above compounded feed. As essential amino acids, tryptophan 0.5 to 2 g, methionine 1 to 4 g, lysine 2 to 8 g and histidine 0.5 to 100 g per 100 g of feather meal.
Requires 2g addition, 1g, 2g, 4g respectively
And about 1 g are preferable. The essential amino acid is usually added as a crystalline amino acid, but if necessary, it may be added as a substance containing the above-mentioned essential amino acid in a predetermined amount, such as fish meal or liver oil.
【０００８】本配合飼料では、更にこの他に必要に応
じ、養魚用配合飼料で通常使用されるフィードオイル
（タラ肝油）を約３〜５％、表−１に組成を示したビタ
ミン混合物（全農製の市販品でもよい）を約４％、表−
２に組成を示した無機塩類を約５％ならびに粘結剤とし
て馬鈴薯澱粉などの澱粉類を使用するとよい。なお、粘
結剤の量は出来るだけ少くし、タンパク質源の量を多く
する。In addition to the above, the feed mixture (cod liver oil) usually used in a feed mixture for fish farming is used in an amount of about 3 to 5%, and a vitamin mixture having the composition shown in Table 1 Commercially available product) about 4%,
Approximately 5% of the inorganic salts having the composition shown in 2 and starches such as potato starch may be used as a binder. In addition, the amount of the binder should be as small as possible and the amount of the protein source should be large.
【０００９】[0009]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００１０】[0010]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００１１】本発明の配合飼料の調製は特に限定されな
いが、上記各成分をエクストルーダーを用いて常法によ
り混練し作製するとよい。配合飼料は、給餌の際に飼育
水中に長くとどまる形態のものとする。作製後の飼料は
風乾後、包装袋、包装容器内に酸化防止剤、酸素吸収剤
等を入れて保存することによって常温または保冷下で長
期保存が可能である。The preparation of the compounded feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is advisable to knead and prepare each of the above components by a conventional method using an extruder. The compounded feed shall be such that it will remain in the breeding water for a long time during feeding. The prepared feed can be stored at room temperature or under cold storage for a long period of time by air-drying it and then putting an antioxidant, an oxygen absorber, etc. in the packaging bag or the packaging container and storing it.
【００１２】[0012]
【作用】ヒラメ用飼料のタンパク質源としてフェザーミ
ールを用いることにより、成分の一定したタンパク質が
所要量安定に入手することができ、また貯蔵安定性のあ
る飼料が得られる。By using feather meal as a protein source for the flounder feed, a protein having a constant component can be obtained stably in a required amount, and a feed having storage stability can be obtained.
【００１３】[0013]
【実験例】以下実験例に基づいて本発明を説明するが、
本発明はこれに限られるものではない。[Experimental Example] The present invention will be described below based on an experimental example.
The present invention is not limited to this.
【００１４】実験例 北洋魚粉ならびにフェザーミールをタンパク源とする４
種類の配合飼料を作製し、ヒラメの飼育を行った。 （１）実験材料 試験飼料の原料と組成を表−３に示した。飼料の作製は
エクストルーダーによって行い、フィードオイルを除く
各原料をよく混合した後、水とフィードオイルの添加量
を調節しながら常法により直径２mmの球状に成形した。
ヒラメは1992年４月21日に、三重県の種苗生産業者（穴
川殖産）より体重１〜２ｇで搬入し、実験に供するま
で、20℃に設定した循環濾過水槽でヒラメ用市販配合飼
料を用い飼育した。Experimental Example Using North Sea Fish Meal and Feather Meal as Protein Sources 4
Different types of mixed feed were prepared and flounders were raised. (1) Experimental material The raw material and composition of the test feed are shown in Table-3. The feed was prepared by an extruder. After thoroughly mixing the raw materials except the feed oil, the feed was formed into a spherical shape having a diameter of 2 mm by adjusting the addition amounts of water and feed oil.
On April 21, 1992, flounder was brought in from a seed and seedling producer in Mie Prefecture (Anakawa Shokusan) with a body weight of 1 to 2 g, and a commercially available mixed feed for flounder was used in a circulating filtration water tank set at 20 ° C until the experiment. Reared.
【００１５】[0015]
【表３】 表−３ 試験飼料の原料と組成 ────────────────────────────── 飼料 I II III IV ────────────────────────────── 原料（％） 北洋魚粉＊１ 70 35 フェザーミール＊２ 60 55 30 馬鈴薯澱粉＊３ 17 24 24.5 18.6 タラ肝油＊４ 4 7 7 5 無機塩類＊５ 5 5 5 5 ビタミン混合物＊６ 4 4 4 4 アミノ酸混合物＊７ 4.5 2.4 ────────────────────────────── 組成（％） 水分 2 9 4 7 粗タンパク質 54 52 55 53 炭水化物 15 26 29 21 粗脂肪 11 9 8 10 粗灰分 17 8 7 4 水分 18 4 4 9 ────────────────────────────── 炭水化物＝ 100−（粗タンパク＋粗脂肪＋粗灰分＋水
分） ＊１ 日本水産、＊２ 群馬県化成産業、＊３ 三喜製
麦、 ＊４ 理研ビタミン、 ＊５ ＷＯＬＦ（１９５１）、＊６ 全農、 ＊７ 飼料 100g あたり飼料III では 1.1g のメチオニ
ン、 2.2g のリジン、0.6g のヒスチジンおよび 0.6g
のトリプトファン、飼料IVでは 0.6g のメチオニン、
1.2g のリジン、 0.3g のヒスチジンおよび 0.3g のト
リプトファンをそれぞれ添加した。[Table 3] Table-3 Raw materials and composition of test feed ────────────────────────────── Feed I II III IV ── ──────────────────────────── Raw materials (%) North Sea fish meal * 1 70 35 Feather meal * 2 60 55 30 Potato starch * 3 17 24 24.5 18.6 Cod liver oil * 4 4 7 7 5 Inorganic salts * 5 5 5 5 5 Vitamin mixture * 6 4 4 4 4 Amino acid mixture * 7 4.5 2.4 ────────────────── ───────────── Composition (%) Moisture 2 9 4 7 Crude protein 54 52 55 53 Carbohydrate 15 26 29 21 Crude fat 11 9 8 10 Crude ash 17 8 7 4 Moisture 18 4 4 9 ────────────────────────────── Carbohydrate = 100- (crude protein + crude fat + crude ash + moisture) * 1 Nippon Suisan , * 2 Gunma Chemical Industry, * 3 Sanki Sake, * 4 Riken Vitamin * 5 WOLF (1951), * 6 KPL, * 7 feed per 100g diet III in 1.1g methionine, lysine 2.2 g, 0.6g histidine and 0.6g
Tryptophan, 0.6 g of methionine in Feed IV,
1.2 g lysine, 0.3 g histidine and 0.3 g tryptophan were added respectively.
【００１６】（２）飼育実験 初期体重２〜３ｇのヒラメを約２ケ月間飼育した。実験
には総水量約2000Ｌ（リットル）の循環濾過水槽を用
い、水温は20℃に設定した。また、飼育水の殺菌のため
紫外線殺菌装置を設置した。飼育槽に浮かべた容量約20
Ｌのプラスチックカゴに、ヒラメを25尾ずつ収容し、１
日２回（午前９〜10時、午後４〜５時）各飽食量を週６
日間与えた。体重の測定は、飼育開始時および飼育終了
時に、いずれもヒラメを36時間絶食させた後に行った。(2) Breeding experiment Flounder having an initial body weight of 2 to 3 g was bred for about 2 months. A circulating filtered water tank with a total water volume of about 2000 L (liter) was used for the experiment, and the water temperature was set to 20 ° C. An ultraviolet sterilizer was installed to sterilize the breeding water. About 20 capacities floated in the breeding tank
25 flatfish are housed in L plastic baskets, 1
Twice a day (9 to 10 am, 4 to 5 pm) each satiety amount 6 times a week
Given for days. The body weight was measured after the flounder was fasted for 36 hours both at the start of breeding and at the end of breeding.
【００１７】（３）結果 結果を図１に示す。図からわかるように、フェザーミー
ル単独区では、日間摂餌率は高かったものの、ヒラメの
増重率、飼料効率およびタンパク質効率は著しく劣っ
た。また、フェザーミールに必須アミノ酸を添加した場
合、増重率、飼料効率およびタンパク質効率は、フェザ
ーミール単独区に比べ若干の上昇を示した。一方、必須
アミノ酸を添加したフェザーミールと魚粉とを混合した
区では、増重率、飼料効率およびタンパク質効率とも著
しく上昇し、魚粉単独区に近い値となった。(3) Results The results are shown in FIG. As can be seen from the figure, in the feather meal alone group, the daily feeding rate was high, but the flounder weight gain rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency were significantly inferior. In addition, when essential amino acids were added to feather meal, the weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency showed a slight increase compared to the feather meal alone group. On the other hand, in the group in which the feather meal to which essential amino acids were added and fish meal were mixed, the weight gain, feed efficiency and protein efficiency were significantly increased, and the values were close to those in the fish meal alone group.
【００１８】なお、日間摂餌率、増重率、飼料効率およ
びタンパク質効率は下記のとおり。 １）日間摂餌率：飼育期間中の１尾あたりの摂餌量を給
餌日数ならびに中間体重（飼育終了時体重／２＋飼育開
始時体重／２）で割った値（％） ２）増重率：飼育開始時体重に対する飼育期間中の体重
増加量の割合（％） ３）飼料効率：飼料１ｇあたりの体重増加量（％） ４）タンパク質効率：飼料タンパク質１ｇあたりの体重
増加量The daily feeding rate, weight gain rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency are as follows. 1) Daily feeding rate: Value (%) obtained by dividing the feeding amount per fish during the feeding period by the number of feeding days and the intermediate weight (weight at the end of feeding / 2 + weight at the beginning of feeding / 2) 2) Weight gain : Ratio of weight gain during the breeding period to the weight at the start of breeding (%) 3) Feed efficiency: Weight gain per 1 g of feed (%) 4) Protein efficiency: Weight gain per 1 g of feed protein
【００１９】[0019]
【発明の効果】本発明では、価格が魚粉の１／３以下の
フェザーミールを使ってヒラメ用配合飼料を作ることで
飼料価格の低減が可能となる。また、乾燥飼料であるた
め保存が容易にできる等の多くの利点を有している。According to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the feed price by preparing a mixed feed for flounder using feather meal whose price is 1/3 or less of that of fish meal. Further, since it is a dry feed, it has many advantages such as easy storage.
【図１】タンパク質源の異なる試験飼料で飼育したヒラ
メ稚魚の日間摂餌率、増重率、飼料効率およびタンパク
質効率を示すグラフである。FIG. 1 is a graph showing daily feeding rate, weight gain rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency of juvenile flounder fed on test diets having different protein sources.
Claims (6)
した配合飼料を用いることからなるヒラメの養殖方法。1. A method for culturing flounder, which comprises using a mixed feed containing feather meal and fish meal as a protein source.
を１：0.5 〜１とする請求項１記載のヒラメの養殖方
法。2. A mixing ratio (weight) of fish meal and feather meal.
The method for cultivating flounder according to claim 1, wherein the ratio is 1: 0.5-1.
ファン 0.5〜２ｇ、メチオニン１〜４ｇ、リジン２〜８
ｇおよびヒスチジン 0.5〜２ｇを与えることを特徴とす
る請求項１記載のヒラメの養殖方法。3. Feather meal 100 g, tryptophan 0.5-2 g, methionine 1-4 g, lysine 2-8.
g and histidine 0.5-2 g are given, The flounder cultivation method of Claim 1 characterized by the above-mentioned.
したヒラメ用配合飼料。4. A mixed feed for flounder, which uses feather meal and fish meal as protein sources.
が１：0.5 〜１である請求項４記載のヒラメ用配合飼
料。5. A mixing ratio (weight) of fish meal and feather meal.
The mixed feed for flounder according to claim 4, wherein the ratio is 1: 0.5-1.
0.5〜２ｇ、メチオニン１〜４ｇ、リジン２〜８ｇおよ
びヒスチジン 0.5〜２ｇを更に添加したことを特徴とす
る請求項４記載のヒラメ用配合飼料。6. Tryptophan in 100 g of feather meal
The mixed feed for flounder according to claim 4, further comprising 0.5 to 2 g, methionine 1 to 4 g, lysine 2 to 8 g and histidine 0.5 to 2 g.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5198932A JPH0731380A (en) | 1993-07-17 | 1993-07-17 | Farming of flat fish and feed therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5198932A JPH0731380A (en) | 1993-07-17 | 1993-07-17 | Farming of flat fish and feed therefor |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0731380A true JPH0731380A (en) | 1995-02-03 |
Family
ID=16399372
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5198932A Pending JPH0731380A (en) | 1993-07-17 | 1993-07-17 | Farming of flat fish and feed therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0731380A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001006868A1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-02-01 | Biomar Group | Feed for salmonids |
| US7069876B2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2006-07-04 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
| US7121227B2 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2006-10-17 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
| WO2008126781A1 (en) | 2007-04-06 | 2008-10-23 | Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. | Growth stimulant for fish |
| JP2011142855A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Kinki Univ | Compound feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder |
| JP2012505646A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2012-03-08 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | Production and use of methionyl-methionine as feed additive for fish and crustaceans |
| JP2012521773A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-09-20 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | Dipeptides as feed additives |
| WO2014148023A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Method for increasing intramuscular lipid content in reared fish, and feed therefor |
| WO2015129213A1 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-09-03 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Method for reducing lipid content of reared fish, and feedstuff for said method |
-
1993
- 1993-07-17 JP JP5198932A patent/JPH0731380A/en active Pending
Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001006868A1 (en) * | 1999-07-28 | 2001-02-01 | Biomar Group | Feed for salmonids |
| US7069876B2 (en) | 2000-10-12 | 2006-07-04 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
| US7121227B2 (en) * | 2000-10-12 | 2006-10-17 | Marical, Inc. | Methods for raising pre-adult anadromous fish |
| WO2008126781A1 (en) | 2007-04-06 | 2008-10-23 | Kyowa Hakko Bio Co., Ltd. | Growth stimulant for fish |
| JPWO2008126781A1 (en) * | 2007-04-06 | 2010-07-22 | 協和発酵バイオ株式会社 | Fish growth promoter |
| JP2012505646A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2012-03-08 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | Production and use of methionyl-methionine as feed additive for fish and crustaceans |
| JP2012521773A (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-09-20 | エボニック デグサ ゲーエムベーハー | Dipeptides as feed additives |
| JP2011142855A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Kinki Univ | Compound feed for raising flounder and method for raising flounder |
| WO2014148023A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-25 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Method for increasing intramuscular lipid content in reared fish, and feed therefor |
| JP2014180270A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2014-09-29 | Tokyo Univ Of Marine Science & Technology | Method for increasing intramuscular fat content of cultured fish and feedstuff therefor |
| CN105188401A (en) * | 2013-03-21 | 2015-12-23 | 国立大学法人东京海洋大学 | Method for increasing intramuscular lipid content in reared fish, and feed therefor |
| WO2015129213A1 (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-09-03 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Method for reducing lipid content of reared fish, and feedstuff for said method |
| JP2015156835A (en) * | 2014-02-25 | 2015-09-03 | 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 | Reduction method of fat content of farmed fish and feed for the same |
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