JPH07311542A - Correlation chart of musical tone and scale - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable a user to know the correlations between the indices of the respective musical tones determined for a 'samisen' (a Japanese balalaika)and transverse flute, etc., and the twelve scales of Western music by making both correspondent to each other. CONSTITUTION:The respective Japanese tone names 'Shi', 'Do', 'Do#',... 'Shi<b>' of a score are successively stated in the respective sectorial regions 1-0 to 1-11 of a rotary chart 1 for the first scale. The respective Japanese tone names of the twelve scales are also successively stated in the respective sectorial regions 2-0 to 2-11 of a rotary chart 2 for the second scale and the respective sectorial regions 3-0 to 3-11 of a rotary chart 3 for the third scale. The names of the respective positions of the 'samisen' are stated in the respective sectorial regions 4-0 to 4-11 of a rotary chart 4 for musical instruments. The tones of the respective strings of the 'samisen' are determined in the state of releasing the respective strings of the 'samisen'. The twelve scale of the score and the respective positions of the 'samisen' are made correspondent to each other when the sectorial region of the rotary chart 1 for the first scale stated with the tone names of the first string, the sectorial region of the rotary chart 2 for the second scale stated with the tone names of the second string and the sectorial region of the rotary chart 3 for the third scale stated with the tone names of the third string are aligned to the sectorial region 4-0 of the rotary chart 4 for the musical instruments.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a musical tone index uniquely set for, for example, a shamisen or a flute, and 12 musical scales of Western music so as to immediately know the correlation between them. It relates to a quick board that correlates musical tones and scales.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, the fusion of Japanese music and Western music has been flourishing. For example, Japanese musical instruments such as shamisen, flute, and koto are used to play Western music, or Western musical instruments are added to these Japanese musical instruments. In addition, he plays Japanese and Western music.

By the way, in the case of a Japanese musical instrument, a musical score of Western music is not used, but a musical score of a unique form is used for each shamisen, flute, koto, etc. Therefore, prior to playing,
We have to create the staff notation for Western musical instruments, and the score notation for shamisen, flute, koto, etc.

[0004]

However, since the staff notation of Western music, and the score of each of the shamisen, the flute, the koto, etc. are different from each other, it is difficult to correlate and create them, which is very time-consuming and time-consuming. Took to

For example, in the score of the shamisen, one thread,
The key points for holding the second thread and the third thread are noted. Further, in the case of the shamisen, there are various kinds of tuning, and there are 1 to 12 (which can be associated with 12 scales of the staff) high, low, double up, triple down, and the like. Therefore, if the music score of the shamisen is to be expressed in the staff notation, it is necessary to know the kind of the instructed tuning and then to decide each point on the music score of the shamisen to the 12th scale of the staff based on this kind of tuning. is there. Of course, when the type of tuning is changed, it is necessary to rewrite the score.

On the other hand, when representing a staff notation in the score of the shamisen, the twelve scales of the staff are changed to the respective points of the shamisen after determining the type of tuning of the shamisen.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to instantly know the correlation between the musical tone indexes independently defined for the shamisen, the horizontal flute, etc. and the 12-tone scale of Western music, respectively. The purpose is to provide a quick reference board that correlates musical tones and scales.

[0008]

In order to solve the above problems, in the correlation quick board of the present invention, a scale rotary table and a musical instrument rotary table rotatably supported by a common rotary shaft. At least, the scale rotation table is evenly divided radially from the axis of rotation to form twelve fan-shaped regions. In each of these fan-shaped regions, the note names of the twelve scales of the staff are sequentially written, The rotary table is equally divided radially from the axis of rotation to form twelve fan-shaped regions, and the index of each musical tone of the musical instrument corresponding to the twelve scale of the staff is sequentially written in these fan-shaped regions.

In each fan-shaped area of the scale rotation table, note names for musical instruments may be written together with note names for 12 scales of the staff.

When the musical instrument is a stringed instrument, each fan-shaped region of the scale rotation table is associated with each holding point of the stringed instrument. The note names of the 12 scales of the staff written in these fan-shaped regions are the note names of the respective musical tones emitted by the strings of this string instrument when the pressing point corresponding to the fan-shaped region is pressed,
The index of each musical tone of the musical instrument written in each fan-shaped region of the musical instrument rotation table is each holding point of the stringed musical instrument corresponding to the 12-note scale of the staff.

When the musical instrument is a stringed instrument, a plurality of scale rotation tables corresponding to the strings of the stringed instrument may be provided. These scale rotation tables and musical instrument rotation tables are rotatably supported by a common rotation axis, and each scale rotation table has each fan-shaped region of the scale rotation table in which each of the 12 scales of the staff is notated. The note names are recorded in sequence, and in each fan-shaped area of the rotary table for musical instruments,
The notation points of the stringed instruments corresponding to the 12 scales of the staff are noted in order.

[0012]

In the correlation quick board of the present invention, 1 of the scale rotation table
In each fan-shaped area of No. 2, each note name of 12 scales of the staff is sequentially written, and in each of 12 fan-shaped areas of the musical instrument rotation table, an index of each musical tone of the musical instrument corresponding to the 12 scales of the staff is sequentially written. ing. Here, the correspondence between one note name in the 12 scales of the staff and one musical tone index of the musical instrument is determined, and the scale rotation table and the musical instrument rotation table are rotated relative to each other, and a fan-shaped region of this note name is created. Align the fan-shaped area of the index of this instrument. Along with this, the other fan-shaped areas of the scale rotation table and the other fan-shaped areas of the musical instrument rotation table are also combined, and the correspondence between each note name of the 12 scales of the staff and the index of each musical tone of the musical instrument is associated. Will be clear.

In each fan-shaped area of the scale rotation table, a 1
If each note name for the musical instrument is written together with each note name for the two-note scale, the correlation between each note name for the 12-note scale of the staff and each note name for the musical instrument can be easily grasped.

In the case of a stringed instrument, since the holding point for holding the string (the center of the shamisen) serves as an index of the musical tone, each holding point of the stringed instrument is sequentially written in each fan-shaped region of the rotary table for the musical instrument. In addition, by making each sector area of the scale rotary table correspond to each holding point of the string instrument, and pressing the holding station corresponding to the sector area for each sector area of the scale rotation table, each string of this string instrument is pressed. The note name of each musical note produced by the staff (12 scales of the staff)
Write. Here, the note name of each musical tone emitted by each string and one pressing point are determined to correspond to each other, and the scale rotation table and the musical instrument rotation table are mutually rotated, and a fan-shaped region of these tone names is formed. When the fan-shaped areas of the holding point are combined, the correspondence between the fan-shaped areas of the scale rotary table and the fan-shaped areas of the musical instrument rotary table is all determined accordingly. Therefore, by looking at the correspondence between each fan-shaped area of the scale rotation table and each fan-shaped area of the musical instrument rotation table, the sound of each musical tone emitted by each string when the holding point is pressed is determined for each holding point. The name becomes clear.

When each scale rotation table corresponding to each string of the stringed instrument is provided, each note name of the scale rotation table and each holding point of the musical instrument rotation table are provided for each scale rotation table. Can be dealt with. Therefore, even if the temperament between the strings is changed, this can be dealt with.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the correlation quick board of the present invention. The correlation quick board of this embodiment is for the shamisen and corresponds to the first scale rotation table 1 corresponding to one thread, the second scale rotation table 2 corresponding to the second thread, and the third thread. It comprises a third scale rotation table 3 and a musical instrument rotation table 4.
These rotary tables 1 to 4 are overlapped as shown in FIG.
A clasp 5 is passed through the center of these rotary tables to pivotally support these rotary tables with respect to each other.

The first scale rotation table 1 is _{divided into} twelve fan-shaped regions _1-0 to _1-11 . These fan-shaped areas 1 _-0
To 1 _-11 are assigned the Japanese note names Si, Do, Do ^# , ..., Si ^b of 12 scales that change in semitones, and these Japanese phonetic names are assigned to each fan-shaped area 1 _{-0 -1 -1.} It is written on the outermost side of ₁ . Inside these Japanese phonetic names, each English phonetic name B, C, C
^#, ‥‥‥, wrote the A ^#. Further, inside the English note names, 1 to 12 note names for the shamisen corresponding to the 12-note scale names are described.

The second scale rotation table 2 is _{divided into} 12 fan-shaped regions 2 _-0 to 2 _-11 , and these fan-shaped regions 2 _-0 to 2 -2.
_-11 describes each Japanese note name of 12 scales.

Similarly, the third scale rotation table 3 is _{divided into} 12 fan-shaped regions 3 _{-0 to} 3 _-11 , and these fan-shaped regions 3
Each Japanese note name of 12 scales is described in _-0 to _3-11 .

The turntable 4 for musical instruments has 12 fan-shaped areas _4-0.
It is classified into _4-11 . These fan-shaped areas 4 _-0 to 4
_-11 describes the name of each shrine's shrine. The name of each institution of the shamisen depends on each school and use of the shamisen. Here, the name of Kisatsu school, the name used in the cultural score for Nagauta, and the name of Kenseikai school are listed.

In the Kisatsu school, the liberation of the thread is indicated by "i", the uppermost point of the shamisen rod is indicated by "ro", the second point is indicated by "ha", and so on. , "Ho",
"He" followed by "..." and one octave higher, "Ru"
Then, "o", "wa", and "ka" continue.

In the case of one thread, the shrine is represented by Manyo Kana, in the case of the second thread, the shrine is represented by Hiragana, and in the case of the third thread, the shrine is represented by Katakana.

The name of each shrine in the Kisachi school is sequentially written in each fan-shaped area 4 _-0 to 4 _-11 of the rotary table 4 for musical instruments, and when it goes up one octave, the name of each shaku is shown in the second line. It is described in.

However, "#" is written in the fan-shaped area _4-4 . This is 1 between the "ni" and "ho"
This is because the sound has changed and half tones are missing during this period. This semitone is supplemented and this "#" is given as an intermediate name of these points.

Also, in the cultural score for Nagauta,
Each of the points is represented as "0", "1", "2", ..., but the names of these points do not distinguish between the first thread, the second thread and the third thread. The names of these points are written in the approximate center of each fan-shaped region _4-0 to _4-11 . When it goes up one octave, "10", "11", "12", ...
... continues, but since it only increases by one digit, "0",
Substitute with "1", "2", ....

However, in the fan-shaped area _4-4 , "#" is used as in the case of Kisho. Further, since changes one note between the vital point of the "9" and vital point of "10", in order to supplement the meantime semitone, the fan-shaped region 4 _-11 intermediate names of these vital point "b" I am writing.

Further, in the Kenseikai school, like the Kisho school,
The name of the shrine is distinguished according to the 1st thread, the 2nd thread, and the 3rd thread, and each shaku is represented by combining the number and the symbols "#", "♭", and "・". . The combination of these numbers and symbols is determined based on the temperament of each musical tone of the shamisen. Also, in the case of double climbing, the combination of numbers and symbols is enclosed in a square frame, and in the case of triple descending, it is enclosed in a circular frame.

The sector area 1 _-0 of the rotary table 1 for the first scale, the second area
Sector Region 2 _-0 scale rotating table 2, fan-shaped region 4 of the third sector region 3 _-0 of the scale rotating table 3, and instruments for rotating table 4
_-0 is colored red. Further, the sector area 2 _{-2 of} the second scale rotation table 2 and the sector area 3 _-10 of the third scale rotation table 3 are colored in yellow.

Next, a method of using the correlation quick board of this embodiment will be described.

For example, if the shamisen is tuned in a so-called main tone, with one thread open, one thread produces a "shi" sound, two threads produce a "mi" sound, and three threads produce a "sound". The sound of "shi" is emitted. This point is common to all schools and uses of the shamisen.

In the case of this tone, the fan-shaped region 1 _-0 of the rotary table 1 for the first scale, which is marked with "shi", is changed to the rotary table 4 for musical instruments.
Align with the sector area 4 _-0 of. Similarly, the fan-shaped area 2 _-0 of the second scale rotation table 2 marked with "Mi" is aligned with the fan-shaped area 4 _-0 of the musical instrument rotation table 4 and the third marked with "shi".
The sector area 3 _-0 of the scale rotation table 3 is aligned with the sector area 4 _-0 of the musical instrument rotation table 4. As a result, as shown in FIG. 1, each fan-shaped region 1 _-0 , 2 _-0 , 3 _-0 , 4 _-0 colored in red is 1
Line up in a row. Therefore, when the tone is normal, the red fan-shaped regions may be arranged in one row.

After aligning the rotary tables in this way, if the player is a Kisatsu school, look at the inside of each fan-shaped area marked with the points "I", "RO", "HA", .... , It is possible to know the note name of each musical sound emitted by each thread when pressing each point. For example, "is" if you want to know the pitch names of tones one yarn emitted when pressing the vital point, this "is" inside the sector region 4 _-2 vital point of the first corresponding to one thread since the fan-shaped region 1 _-2 scale rotary table 1 is positioned,
Reads "de ^#" in the sector region 1 _-2 as pitch name of a tone. From this, it is understood that the musical sound produced by the first thread when the "ha" key is pressed is the "do ^# " sound.

On the contrary, in order to know the intuition at which tones of the note name of the staff are played, look outside the fan-shaped region of the scale rotary table in which the note name is written. For example, if you want to know the vital point for emitting the sound of "Soviet" is marked the "source" to the second scale rotating table 2 of the sector areas _2-3 corresponding to second yarn, the fan-shaped region 2 _Since the fan-shaped area 4 _-3 of the rotary table 4 for musical instruments is located outside _-3 , "ni" written in the fan-shaped area 4 _-3 is read. From this, it is understood that in order to produce the sound of "so", it is sufficient to press the "ni" point of the second thread.

When each thread of the shamisen is raised by one tone and the strings are tuned in a so-called five tone, when one thread is opened, one thread makes a "do ^# " sound, and another thread makes two threads. The sound of "fa ^# " and the sound of "do ^# " are emitted from the three threads.
Together by rotating the scale rotary table 1, 2, 3, fan-shaped region 1 _-2 "do ^#" in the first scale rotary table 1, as shown in FIG. 3,
The fan-shaped area 2 _-2 of "Fa ^# " in the rotary table 2 for the third scale, and the fan-shaped area 3 _-2 of "do ^# " in the rotary table 3 for the third scale are fan-shaped areas 4 _{-0 of the} rotary table 4 for musical instruments. To match.

In this five-tone tone, for example, the fan-shaped region 3 _{-6 of} the third scale rotary table 3 corresponding to the three threads is located inside the fan-shaped region 4 _-4 at the center of "#". The musical sound produced by the three threads when the "#" point is pressed is the "fa" sound of the fan-shaped region _3-6 .

On the contrary, for example, "LA" is written in the fan-shaped area 2 _-5 of the second scale rotary table 2 corresponding to the second thread, and the musical instrument rotary table 4 is provided outside the fan-shaped area 2 _-5. Since the fan-shaped area 4 _-3 is located, and "ni" is written in this fan-shaped area 4 _-3 , in order to emit the sound of "la", press the nii of the ni I know it's good.

Further, when the tone is changed from the main tone to the second upward tone, based on the state shown in FIG. 1, the second scale rotation table 2
Rotate only the second scale rotation table 2 as shown in FIG.
Match the fan-shaped area 2 _-2 of "Fa ^# " with the fan-shaped area 4 _-0 of the rotary table 4 for musical instruments, and the yellow fan-shaped area 2 _-2 and other red fan-shaped areas 1 _-0 , 3 _-0 , 4 _{-Place 0s} in a row.

Even in this double-up, the same procedure as above is used to clarify the note name of each musical tone emitted by each thread when the respective point is held down, and to clarify the point to play the musical note of the staff name. it can.

In this way, by tuning the shamisen, the sound of each thread in the open state is determined, and the fan-shaped area of the rotary table 1 for the first scale in which the sound name of the thread of one thread is written, Rotating the fan-shaped area of the second scale rotation table 2 in which the note names of the second thread are written and the fan-shaped area of the third scale rotation table 3 in which the note names of the third thread are written for musical instruments By fitting to the fan-shaped area _4-0 of Table 4, it is possible to derive the note name of the staff notation from the Kansho or the note name of the staff notation.

Here, the correlation between the 12 scales of the notation and the names of the various points of the Kikatsu school was described, but in a similar procedure, the correlation between the 12 scales of the notation and the names of the various points of the cultural notation,
You can see the correlation between the 12 scales of the staff and the names of each institute in the Kenseikai school.

However, in the cultural notation, not only the name of each intuition but also the three lines corresponding to each thread of the shamisen compose the musical score, so that the first to third scale rotation tables 1 and 2 are shown. , 3 and the three lines on the score must be associated.

Also, in the score of Kenseikai school, the name of each center for the second thread or the name of each center for the third thread is changed in the case of the double-up and the triple-down, so it is necessary to be careful. is there.

5 (a), (b), (c), and (d) show the staff notation, the score of the Kissho school, the culture score, and the score of the workshop school. Here, tune the shamisen to the proper tone,
The notation is associated with the name of each institution. By referring to these scores and the correlation quick board shown in FIG. 1, it is obvious that the rewriting from the staff notation to the score for the shamisen or the rewriting from the score for the shamisen to the staff can be easily performed.

Western music scores include not only notation staffs, but also number notation and tonic alpha notation. Although these musical scores express the same twelve scales, the musical scores can be dealt with even though the musical expressions are different from each other.

FIG. 6 shows a modification of the correlation quick board of this embodiment. In correlation quick reference board of this modification, each of Japan note name the death of 12 scales of staff notation, de, de ^#, ‥‥‥, sheet ^b
Instead of, the alphabet names B, C, C ^# , ..., A ^# are used. In addition, the name of each shrine's shrine's name is for a land song.

This correlation quick board is formed by superimposing the first to third scale turntables 11, 12, 13 and the musical instrument turntable 14 and pivotally supporting these turntables with respect to each other. .

In each fan-shaped area of the first scale rotation table 11,
Each note name B, C, C ^# , ..., A ^# of 12 scales is noted, and inside each of these note names, one note name for the shamisen ~
Twelve are written.

Further, in the respective fan-shaped areas of the second-scale rotary table 12 and the respective fan-shaped areas of the third-scale rotary table 13, the respective alphabetical names B, C, C ^# , ..., A ^# are assigned. I am writing.

In each fan-shaped area of the musical instrument rotation table 14, the name of each point for terrestrial music is described. Similar to the cultural score for Nagauta, this Jiuta represents the opening of the thread and each point with a number, but according to the Kanji number with the human bias, the Kanji number, and the Arabic number, one thread, two threads, The three threads are distinguished.

In addition, on the back surface of each rotary table shown in FIG.
It is also possible to print the character pattern of each rotary table shown in FIG.
That is, the rotation tables 1 and 11 for the first scales, the rotation tables 2 and 12 for the second scales, the rotation tables 3 and 13 for the third scales, and the rotation tables 4 and 14 for the musical instruments are turned upside down. . In this case, once remove the clasps that penetrate the centers of these rotary tables, select the front and back sides of these rotary tables as appropriate, and then re-pierce the clasps on these rotary tables. Select the name of the sect's center, the name of the scholar's name in the cultural score, the name of the Kenseikai sect's name, the name of the sect's name, or select the Japanese or English phonetic name and combine them. be able to.

Alternatively, with only one set of the turntables 4 and 14 for each musical instrument as the front and back sides, the turntables 1, 2 and 3 for the first to third scales are superposed on the front side of the turntable for musical instruments. On the back side of the rotary table for musical instruments, the rotary tables for first to third scales 11, 12, 13
You can stack them.

Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the red-shaped fan-shaped areas _1-0 , _2-0 , _3-0 are arranged in a row, and the first to third areas are arranged.
The scale turntables 1, 2 and 3 integrated with each other and the instrument turntable 4 may be rotatably supported relative to each other. However, in this case, the correlation quick board is effective only when the threads of the shamisen are both raised or lowered to set the tone of 1 to 12, and the temperament of each thread of the shamisen is changed. Then, if you tune in two upwards, three downwards, etc., this cannot be dealt with.

By the way, although the shamisen is illustrated in this embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this.
The present invention can also be applied to shakuhachi and the like. For example, in the case of a koto, the same rotation table for each scale as each string of the koto is placed on the rotation table for one instrument, and these rotation tables are rotatably supported with respect to each other. Indicates the name of each of the 12 scales of the staff, and the turntable for the musical instrument indicates each of the holding points corresponding to the 12 scales of the staff.

In the case of a horizontal flute, one scale rotation table and one musical instrument rotation table may be overlapped and pivotally supported, and this can handle the proper use of each of the twelve flutes.

However, depending on the musical instrument, it is not possible to emit all twelve tones that change in semitone steps, so it is necessary to leave the fan-shaped region of the musical instrument rotary table blank according to these tones.

Further, a transparent panel may be applied as the scale rotation table or the musical instrument rotation table, and the shapes of these rotation tables may be changed.

[0058]

[Effect] As described above, according to the correlation quick board of the present invention, if the correspondence between one note name of the 12 scales of the staff and one musical tone index of the musical instrument is determined, each of the note names of the 12 scales It is possible to clarify all correspondences between all of the musical tone indexes. Therefore, each point on the score of the shamisen should be set to 12
This makes it easier to change to a musical scale or, on the contrary, to express a staff notation with a shamisen score.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a correlation quick board of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the correlation quick board shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a usage pattern of the correlation reference board shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing another example of the usage pattern of the correlation quick board of FIG.

[Fig. 5] Chart exemplifying notation of staff, score of Kisachi school, culture score, and music score of workshop

6 is a diagram showing a modified example of the correlation quick board of FIG.

[Explanation of symbols] 1,11 First scale rotation table 2,12 Second scale rotation table 3,13 Third scale rotation table 4,14 Musical instrument rotation table 1 _-0 to 1 _-11 , 2 _-0 ~ 2 _-11 , 3 _-0 ~ 3 _-11 , 4 _-0 ~ 4
_-11 sector

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A scale rotary table and a rotary table for musical instruments, which are rotatably supported by a common rotary shaft, are provided at least, and the scale rotary table is equally divided radially from the rotary shaft.
Each fan-shaped region of 2 is formed. In each of these fan-shaped regions, the note names of 12 scales of the staff are sequentially written, and the musical instrument rotary table is equally divided radially from the axis of rotation.
Each fan-shaped region of 2 is formed, and in these fan-shaped regions, an index of each musical tone of the musical instrument corresponding to 12 musical scales of the staff is sequentially written, and a quick reference board of musical tones and musical scales. 2. The musical tone according to claim 1, wherein in each fan-shaped area of the scale rotation table, note names of 12 scales of the staff and note names of musical instruments corresponding to the 12 scales of the staff are described. A correlation quick reference board for musical scales. 3. The musical instrument is a stringed instrument, and each fan-shaped area of the scale rotation table is associated with each holding point of the stringed musical instrument, and each note name of 12 scales of the staff recorded in these fan-shaped areas is a fan-shaped area. This is the note name of each musical tone emitted by each string of this stringed instrument when the pressing point corresponding to is pressed. The index of each musical tone of the musical instrument recorded in each fan-shaped region of the musical instrument rotation table is 12 2. A quick reference board for correlating musical tones and scales according to claim 1, which is a holding point of a stringed instrument corresponding to a scale. 4. The musical instrument is a stringed instrument, and is provided with respective scale turntables corresponding to the strings of the stringed instrument, and these scale turntables and musical instrument turntables are mutually rotatable by a common rotary shaft. It is axially supported, and for each scale rotation table, each fan-shaped area of the scale rotation table has
Correlation between musical tones and scales according to claim 1, wherein each note name of 12 scales of the staff is sequentially recorded, and each holding area of the stringed instrument corresponding to the 12 scales of the staff is sequentially recorded in each fan-shaped region of the musical instrument rotation table. Quick board.