JPH0731040B2 - Camouflage seat - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a composite sheet that has a camouflage effect against far infrared rays as well as a camouflage effect against other light and waves.

<Conventional technology> With recent advances in various defense technologies, there are remarkable advances in detection and reconnaissance technologies.
In addition to the method using ultraviolet rays and radar waves, the method using far infrared rays is drawing attention.

In particular, this method differs from the conventional method in that far infrared rays (generally called heat rays) emitted from the detection / reconnaissance target object are captured in the daytime.
It is capable of detection and reconnaissance regardless of night, and has a feature that it is not easily affected by fog, smoke, etc. because far infrared rays have a long wavelength, and it is extremely preferable as a reconnaissance method for military objects such as tanks and airplanes. It is generally said to be a means.

The detection / reconnaissance technique and the camouflage technique for concealing it are related, and when a new detection / reconnaissance means appears, a means for disguising it is strongly required.

Currently, various methods have been proposed as means for effectively disguising military objects from far-infrared detection / reconnaissance, and as a general method, a relatively thick non-woven fabric excellent in heat insulation,
Alternatively, a camouflage sheet using an aluminum foil or the like having low far-infrared radiation is known, but the heat insulating cloth has a problem in operability of disguising a tank or the like with the sheet in a short time,
Further, although the aluminum foil or the like is lightweight and has no problem in operability, it gives an unfavorable result because it shines against other reconnaissance means, for example, visual (visible light) means.

Conventionally, various sheets have been developed as a camouflage sheet or net having a camouflage effect on any of visible rays, ultraviolet rays, near infrared rays, radar waves, and far infrared rays. Due to this, there is no known one that can camouflage all of various rays or radar waves and far infrared rays (heat rays) at once. Therefore, there is no camouflage material consisting of a single composite sheet that has a barrier effect against heat rays emitted from vehicles and the like and at the same time satisfies camouflage properties against other detection waves.

Further, the above-mentioned conventional far-infrared camouflage sheet does not have ventilation and when it is installed outdoors by being hit by the wind, its condition may not be stable, and sometimes it may be damaged. Work can be difficult.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> The present invention provides a camouflage sheet having an excellent far-infrared barrier effect and other camouflage effects, and having excellent handling workability that is lightweight, has flexibility, and has appropriate ventilation. It is intended to be provided.

<Means for Solving the Problems> That is, the present invention provides a sheet A having a camouflage effect against at least one light or wave selected from the group consisting of visible light, near infrared light, ultraviolet light, and radar waves, and a synthetic resin tape. Sheet B comprising a woven sheet and having an irregular surface structure due to the twist of the tape
Is a composite fiber sheet in which is integrated.

Preferably, the synthetic resin tape constituting the sheet B has a far-infrared absorption rate of 50% or more and the porosity of the sheet B is 50% or less, particularly 20% or less, and the gap width is 20 mm or less. . As the sheet A in the present invention, a two-dimensional sheet or various conventionally used camouflage sheets which are three-dimensionally processed to have a three-dimensional property can be used. For example, a two-dimensional sheet is knitted or woven. The cloth / sheet has a solid or camouflage pattern with paint, colorant, etc. so that the spectral reflectance in the visible, ultraviolet and / or near infrared region is similar to that of plants, soil and / or snow in the natural world. If necessary, it is a sheet partially perforated for the purpose of ventilation, and as a three-dimensional sheet, a net-like net material is attached to the two-dimensional sheet, or is simply colored. There is a resin sheet in which a notch is formed to form a ribbon and these are integrated. In addition, a cloth that has diffuse reflection or absorption for radar waves and is designed to be camouflaged is made into a two-dimensional sheet with a solid color or a camouflage pattern by the same method, or a ribbon-shaped sheet, An integrated three-dimensional sheet or the like can also be used. As a means for obtaining disguise against radar waves, known means can be applied. For example, a conductive metal thread, woven fiber woven, or a cloth or sheet in which a metal layer is integrated, if necessary. An example is a camouflage material that is covered with a colored resin layer, is three-dimensionally attached to a net-like net, and diffusely reflects radar waves.

The sheet B of the present invention is appropriately knitted from a synthetic resin tape, for example, a tape made of a film, a ribbon tape made of a knitted fabric, or the like, and when the tape is twisted, each tape surface is oriented in a random direction, and thus the sheet B is not attached to the sheet. It has a regular front or back structure and appropriate ventilation, and its tape material can be, for example, polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. Resins such as polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl chloride are preferred.

Such a sheet having a structure in which each tape surface is oriented in a random direction is produced by, for example, a Russell knitted fabric in which tapes are inserted in the weft direction. In this case, since the tape is inserted and knitted in the chain stitches of the knitted fabric, it is appropriately twisted, and the tape surface is oriented randomly between the chain stitches.
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the sheet B of the present invention showing the state, FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line AA, and 1 is a synthetic resin tape. As shown in FIG. 2, the sheet B of the present invention shown here.
The tape surface is oriented in a random direction, and as a result, the sheet B has an irregular surface structure and has sufficient ventilation. In this case, the warp yarns may be tapes, ordinary yarns or monofilaments.

As means for obtaining a structure in which each tape surface is oriented in a random direction, in addition to the method described above, a loosely twisted tape is used as warp and / or weft to make a coarse woven or knitted fabric,
There is a method in which loosely twisted tapes are arranged and adhered to the surfaces of threads, tapes or the like or coarse knitted fabrics arranged in parallel.

The sheet B of the present invention has a structure as described above, and preferably has a far infrared ray straight transmittance of 20% or less,
When the transmittance exceeds 20%, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient far infrared ray barrier effect. According to the structure of the present invention, a part of the far infrared rays emitted from the heat source is randomly reflected on the tape surface constituting the sheet B of the present invention, and a part of the far infrared rays is refracted and transmitted according to each incident angle. Further, since some of the far infrared rays are absorbed by the tape itself, as a whole, the far infrared rays emitted from the heat source are dispersed or diffused in the sheet B layer in random directions, which significantly prevents direct transmission of the far infrared rays. It is thought to be done.

In the present invention, if the porosity between the tapes is too large, the linear transmittance of far infrared rays may be high depending on the size of each gap. It is preferably 20% or less. Further, in the present invention, when the width of the gap is too large, far infrared rays partially pass straight even if the porosity is small,
The width of the gap is preferably 20 mm or less. The tape width is preferably 2 to 10 mm.

Further, as a method of stacking the sheet A and the sheet B,
Any method such as a method of laminating a part or the whole surface by using heat or an adhesive, or a method of attaching and laminating a magic fastener made of male and female to each of a clip, a string, or a sheet A and a sheet B by sewing and laminating Applicable. Further, the sheet B can be laminated on both the front and back surfaces of the sheet A by these methods.
When the front and back sides have different colors or the area ratios of the respective colors are different, the structure in which the mounting surface of the sheet B is freely selected according to the season and the location can be selected by selecting the laminating method.

The far-infrared linear transmittance, far-infrared absorption rate, porosity, and gap width referred to in the present invention are measured (defined) as follows.

Far-infrared ray straight transmittance For sheet B, a known infrared spectrophotometer is used to draw a transmittance of 8 to 13 μm on recording paper, and the integrated area value A of the transparent portion is an area value at 100% transmission. It is calculated by the following formula divided by B.

In the case of a sheet having partially different transmittance, it is defined by the average value obtained by measuring at a large number of places (usually n: 10 or more).

Far-infrared absorption rate Based on the principle that the absorption rate of far-infrared rays is equal to the emissivity (heat emissivity), as shown in Fig. 4, sheet B is formed on a heat plate made of aluminum with a smooth surface at about 50 ° C. After the synthetic resin film is in close contact and the temperature of the film itself is accurately measured with a contact type thermometer (thermocouple type, etc.), 100c from this
A far-infrared camera capable of measuring the temperature of an object by a non-contact method having a sensing range of 8 to 13 μm at a position separated by m (example: industrial thermographie manufactured by JEOL KK: JTG-3200) Operate the thermal emissivity change dial attached to the far-infrared camera so that the temperature becomes equal to the temperature measured by the contact method, and set the thermal emissivity (0 to 1) that makes the temperature equal to that in the contact method. Ask. The value obtained by multiplying the obtained emissivity by 100 is defined as the far infrared absorption rate.

-Porosity It is shown as a percentage of the area of the gap portion in a certain area taken by the projection photograph of the sheet B.

-Gap width The width (mm) of the gap taken by a projection photograph of the same name.
However, in the case of a circle or a square, it depends on the diameter or the length of the side. If the gap width of the tape is not uniform, many measurements are taken and the average value is shown.

<Operation> According to the camouflage sheet of the present invention, the sheet A set on the outer surface causes the vehicle or the like to be camouflaged against detection by visible light, ultraviolet rays, near infrared rays, and / or radar waves, and is also a heat source for the vehicle or the like. The far infrared rays emitted from the sheet B layer are randomly reflected / reflected on the tape surface of the sheet B, refracted / transmitted according to the respective incident angles, and absorbed by the tape itself to be randomly dispersed / diffused or absorbed in the sheet B layer. Infrared rays are blocked from passing straight through, making it difficult to find tank vehicles and other objects from various external detections.

Further, since the camouflage sheet of the present invention is lightweight, flexible, and has appropriate ventilation, it is extremely easy to store and store the camouflage sheet.

Example 1 Polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) thickness 50 μm
The film is slit to a width of 5 mm, and the tape and polyester multifilament 750dr are used together with a warp knitting Russell machine to form a chain knitting structure in the warp direction with polyester yarns, and a sheet B made of various Russell knits with the tape horizontally produced. did.

On the other hand, for a net-like material with a mesh structure of 80 × 80 mm,
Light-green, dark-green, and brown-colored soft PVC are applied to a metal-plated fiber-impregnated cloth, and a ribbon-shaped object having a camouflage effect on visible light, near-infrared rays, and radar consisting of three colors in total is bonded and integrated 3 A sheet A having a three-dimensional structure was produced.

The sheet A and the sheet B were laminated using 20 clips per 1 m ² area to make a 10 × 10 m ² camouflaged sheet.

Using a black water-cooled passenger car for idling as a machine to be camouflaged, using a pole so that the sheet A side of the laminated sheet is on the outside, cover the passenger car (at least 10 cm away from the passenger car), and cover the forest. As a background, various camouflage properties were evaluated.

The evaluation is from a position about 100 m away from visible light, known photographs for near infrared rays, radar for fishing boats for radar, and commercially available radar with a detection range of 8 to 13 μm for far infrared rays. It was carried out by Thermovision.

As a result, the far infrared ray camouflage is shown in Table 1. It should be noted that the camouflage property against visible light, near infrared light and radar showed the same effect as that of the part H of the sheet A, and the camouflage sheet of the present invention showed excellent far infrared camouflage property during daytime and nighttime.

<Effect> The camouflage sheet of the present invention is characterized by the structure in which the sheet A and the sheet B are laminated, and the sheet B does not reduce various camouflage effects of the sheet A and is excellent in far infrared rays. Since it has a shielding effect, and is flexible and has appropriate ventilation, it is not only a composite sheet, but also has the effect of camouflaging against visible rays, ultraviolet rays, near infrared rays and / or radar waves. It also has an excellent camouflage property against far-infrared rays, has no flicker due to wind, etc., and is easy to store, and is extremely useful as a camouflage sheet.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view showing an embodiment of a sheet B constituting the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.
Indicates a synthetic resin tape. FIG. 3 shows an example of a schematic cross-sectional view of a camouflage sheet in which the sheet A and the sheet B of the present invention are laminated, in which 1 is a sheet A, 2 is a sheet B, and 3 is a laminated portion. FIG. 4 illustrates a method for measuring the far infrared absorption rate.
Is a heat plate made of aluminum, 2 is a sample for measuring absorptance, 3 is a far infrared camera, 4 is a distance between the camera and the sample.

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification number Internal reference number FI Technical display location D06Q 1/10 (72) Inventor Shiro Kondo 3-8-2 Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Kuraray Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Ichiro Hanamori 1-2-1, Kaigandori, Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture Kuraray Co., Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A sheet A having a camouflage effect against at least one kind of light or wave selected from the group consisting of visible light, near-infrared light, ultraviolet light and radar wave, and a sheet made of a synthetic resin tape woven and woven. A composite camouflage sheet in which a sheet B having an irregular surface structure due to being twisted is integrated.