RU2490379C1 - Two-sided multilayer camouflage material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles, paper.

SUBSTANCE: two-sided multilayer camouflage material comprises a textile base with camouflage paint, a metallised and a microporous layers. As the textile base, a cotton or cotton-lavsan material is used containing cotton fiber of not less than 60%, a metallised layer has a porous structure, is arranged in the material for 1/2-2/3 of its thickness and is represented as the polymer composition mixture comprising aluminium powder, which elements have a shape with asymmetric multifaceted surface, binder based on acrylic and methacrylic esters, acrylic thickener and pigment dye. The invention enables to perform the visual masking of the object in the visible and near infrared region of spectrum, as well as masking from detecting with methods of formation of infrared images in the middle and far regions of infrared band, while maintaining high hygienic properties, drapability and waterproofing. The face of the material is one that has the camouflage paint, and for night the face is the metallised layer, if the material is two-layered, or laminating layer, if the material is three-layered.

EFFECT: providing daytime visual masking.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to materials that can be used in the manufacture of clothing, hats, technical products, namely, mobile shelters (tents, tents), ensuring the preservation of comfortable microclimatic conditions and masking of a biological object, as well as masking of special equipment and equipment in the daytime and night time.

Day camouflage is provided with a special camouflage pattern corresponding to the operating conditions of the product, the color scheme and the corresponding terrain landscape. In the dark, visibility worsens and the human eye does not perceive that in bright light it is quite accessible to him. To improve visibility in the dark, night-vision devices have been developed, the principle of which is based on enhancing the level of residual light, which even at night creates radiation from the sky, stars, the moon, as well as reflection from the earth or water surface, snow, etc., on the use of additional long-wave infrared (IR) illumination of the object of observation, invisible to the human eye, as well as to enhance the brightness of the long-wave infrared (thermal) radiation detected by special devices (thermal imagers). Thus, night camouflage should have a special material structure that ensures, on the one hand, the absorption of natural (natural) and artificial IR illumination, and on the other hand, the screening of thermal radiation recorded by the night vision (NVD) from the object of observation.

Known material / Pat. US 5281460 USA, IPC F41H 3/02. Infrared camouflage coating / Cox Phillip; applicant Teledyne industries Inc, patent holder Sox Phillip. - No. 900428; declared 06/18/1992; publ. 01/25/1994 /, in which a pattern of strips that are coated with silver, copper or pigment is applied on a porous nylon mesh.

The disadvantage of this invention is the permeability of the material, which affects the operational properties of the product made from it, the low level of camouflage protection in the daytime.

Known material / Pat. US 4495239, IPC F41H 3/02. Camouflage materials of a wide spectrum of action / Pusch Gunter, Hoffmann Alexander, Aisslinger Dieter; Applicant Pusch Gunter; Hoffmann Alexander. - No. 459354; declared 12/16/1982; publ. 01/22/1985 /, which is based on a layer of textile material, on the surface of which a metal reflective layer is deposited by gas deposition, and then camouflage coloring.

The disadvantages of this invention is the fragility of the product made of such a material due to the presence of a metallized and slightly damaged coating on the surface of the material, the inability to apply complex multi-color patterns that meet the operating conditions of the products, a weak degree of masking at night, as this material structure does not contribute to effective dispersion thermal radiation coming from a biological object.

Known material with heat-reflecting properties / Pat. RU 2127194, IPC B32 / B 5/18. IR Coated Material / Cooler Gregory D .; Applicant and patent holder V.L. Grief and Associates, Inc. (US). - No. 97118428/12; declared 10/12/1995; publ. 03/10/1999 / containing at least one metallized microporous membrane, duplicated by at least one more layer of textile material. In the material, the metallized membrane is made of microporous foamed polytetrafluoroethylene, the textile base is silk, and the metal is aluminum. The textile material is adhered to the metallized membrane from the side of the metal coating using intermittently applied glue under the influence of heat and pressure or by direct thermal fusion.

The disadvantages of this invention are the expensive components that form the multilayer material, namely natural silk, as well as the complex, lengthy and expensive process for producing a metallized microporous membrane.

Known material / Pat. US 4467005, IPC В32В 5/26 and others. Steam-permeable drape fabric, reflecting infrared radiation / Pusch Gunter; Weimar Reinhold, Aisslinger Dieter; Applicant Pusch Gunter, Weimar Reinhold. - No. 480481; declared 03/30/1983; publ. 08/21/1984 /, made on the basis of a support grid, on both sides of which there is a carrier sheet with a metal layer and a protective coating transparent to DEW radiation.

This design of the material does not provide breathability, which reduces the hygienic properties of products made from such a material. The disadvantages of the invention include the high cost and complexity of obtaining the material by pressing. In addition, the protective coating applied to the material from the metal coating does not provide masking in the daytime.

For the prototype taken material / Pat. RU 2403328, IPC D03D 11/00 / Material reflecting infrared radiation / Gorberg B.L., Veselov V.V., Belova I.Yu., Vasiliev D.M., Koroleva S.V .; applicant and patent holder GOUVPO “Ivanovo State Textile Academy” (IGTA); No. 2009117931/12, declared 05/12/2009; publ. November 10, 2010 /, which contains a textile base, metallized and microporous membrane layers. A polyester textile material with water-repellent impregnation is used as the textile base, the metallized layer is represented by titanium nitride, and the microporous membrane layer is made of thermoplastic polyurethane resin and placed between the textile base and the metallized layer, while titanium nitride is deposited on the microporous membrane layer at the atomic-molecular level in an amount of 1-2 g / m ² , and the textile base may contain a camouflage pattern.

The material provides a high level of camouflage protection in the daytime, however, a continuous metallized layer entering the structure of the material, taking on thermal radiation, gradually accumulates (accumulates) it, after which its heat transfer to the environment begins, i.e. the possibility of shielding the object with products made of such material, i.e. camouflage at night, especially in the cold season is limited. In addition, materials based on chemical fibers and threads do not provide good hygienic properties to manufactured products, and metallization of materials based on natural fibers and threads by high vacuum magnetron sputtering is not economically feasible.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the degree of camouflage protection of the object in the daytime and at night due to the restructuring of the multilayer material and its bilateral functionality.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the material containing the textile base with camouflage dyeing, the metallized and microporous layers according to the invention, cotton or cotton-lactane material with a cotton fiber content of at least 60% is used as the textile base, the metallized layer has a porous structure, is placed in the material by 1 / 2-2 / 3 of its thickness and is represented by a polymer composite mixture comprising aluminum powder, the elements of which are shaped with an asymmetric a multifaceted surface, a binder based on acrylic and methacrylic esters, an acrylic thickener and a pigment dye. Bilateral multilayer camouflage material from the metallized layer side may contain an additional laminating layer of a microporous structure based on a film-forming aqueous solution of acrylic polymer with or without pigment dye.

The inventive two-sided multilayer camouflage material allows for visual masking of the object in the visible and near PC spectral regions, as well as masking from detection by infrared imaging methods in the middle and far infrared regions, while maintaining high hygiene, drape and water resistance.

To provide daytime visual masking, the front side of the material is the one that has camouflage paint, and for the night, the front side is the metallized layer, if the material is two-layer or a laminating layer, if the material is three-layer. Day-time visual camouflage is ensured thanks to special camouflage coloring, and night-time - thanks to a multilayer structure, which gives the material a balanced set of properties aimed at absorbing natural (artificial) and artificial IR illumination, on the one hand, and on the other hand, which allows thermal radiation recorded by special means of observation to be shielded, coming from the object of observation.

Figure 1 shows the structure of the inventive bilateral multilayer camouflage material. Figa - the main layer of cotton or cotton lint material, with a cotton fiber content of at least 60%; figb - two-layer embodiment of the material; figv - three-layer embodiment of the material.

Figure 2 and 3 presents facsimile drawings characterizing the camouflage effect of the object at night, front view (figure 2) and rear view (figure 3).

Figure 4 and figure 5 presents the data of the spectral analysis of materials in the visible and IR spectral ranges, namely, the reflection spectra (from the front and the wrong side) and absorption, respectively, for the material manufactured by the technology of the prototype (1 and 3 - FIG. .4 and 1 - Fig. 5) and material manufactured by the technology of the claimed invention (2 and 4 - Figs. 4 and 2 - Fig. 5).

The structure of the double-sided multilayer camouflage material is represented by the following layers (figure 1):

1 - cotton or cotton-lansane textile material with a cotton fiber content of at least 60% with camouflage dyeing and water-repellent impregnation, which protects the biological object from precipitation in the form of rain and snow and helps to maintain comfortable operational properties of the material in any weather conditions. A camouflage pattern applied on a textile base can be performed in a color background as close as possible to the background of the environment where the object is located, which provides it with visual camouflage in the daytime.

2 - a metallized layer is a composition of a mixture of aluminum powder, the elements of which are in the form of an asymmetric multifaceted surface and a binder based on acrylic and methacrylic esters, for example butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid, an acrylic thickener and a pigment dye, for example phthalocyanyl.

3 - the laminated layer of the microporous structure is a film-forming aqueous solution of acrylic polymer with or without pigment dye.

A continuous metallized layer makes the surface of the material shiny. Materials with a shiny surface reflect well the incident light, which helps to unmask the object at night when using devices whose operating principle is based on enhancing the level of residual light. The dye, applied in a continuous layer to the surface of the metallized coating, reduces the reflective properties of the material, but also worsens consumer properties, since the ability to dissipate heat from a biological object decreases. However, aluminum is a metal with the highest thermal conductivity and the highest coefficient of grayness, which contributes to good heat dissipation and a decrease in the effect of light reflection in general.

In the structure of the metallized layer 2, the shape of the elements of aluminum powder in contact with each other on the one hand ensures uniform distribution of the thermal field over the entire surface of the material, due to their point contact with each other, at the same time it does not create a uniform shiny coating with high reflective properties, in view of the absence of a continuous reflective surface, and on the other hand, promotes the non-directional movement of the heat flux coming from the object through pores filled with air- and vapor-conducting m binders that do not interfere with steam removal, i.e. maintaining a normal microclimatic environment of the working space. The ratio of the components of the metallized layer 2 is determined by a set of indicators of the properties of the textile base 1 on which it is applied, namely, its thickness, surface density, hygroscopicity, the number of threads in the warp and weft, etc. The optimum ratio of the components of the polymer mixture forming the metallized layer (mass fraction in%): aluminum chips - 15-30; acrylic polymer - 60-75; acrylic thickener - 1-10; pigment dye - 1-5. The specified ratio of the components allows you to save drape, air and vapor permeability of the starting material, to obtain a reliable chemical compound used as a metallized layer, resistant to operational influences (high temperature, frost, etc.).

Cotton or cotton-lavsan textile material with a hygroscopic cotton fiber content of at least 60% is used as the textile base, which allows the polymer composite mixture containing aluminum powder to penetrate the structure of the material, providing a strong connection of the layers. The depth of penetration of the metallized layer into the structure of the base material depends on the percentage of natural (hygroscopic) and chemical (hydrophobic) fibers in the material, its thickness, surface density, quality characteristics of the threads forming the material, as well as on the percentage of components of the polymer composition forming the metallized layer , its viscosity. The more cotton fiber in the textile base and the lower the viscosity of the polymer composition, the deeper the metallized layer penetrates the structure of the base layer. Optimal is the penetration depth of the metallized layer at 1 / 2-2 / 3 of the thickness of the main. A deeper penetration of the polymer composition into the structure of the base layer will lead to the passage of aluminum powder to the front side of the textile base, which will degrade the camouflage properties of camouflage material in the daytime. Materials with a cotton fiber content of less than 60% have low adhesive properties that affect the penetration depth of the polymer composition into the thickness of the material and the reliability of its connection with it. When a metallized layer penetrates into the structure of the main layer to a depth of less than 1/2 of its thickness, the reliability of the layer connection deteriorates, i.e. camouflage material resistance to operational loads.

Laminated layer 3 with a thickness of 0.015-0.05 mm of a finely porous structure provides a material with low water repellent properties, water resistance, protection of a biological object from rain in the form of rain and snow, and preservation of comfortable operational properties of the material in any weather conditions, and the addition of pigment dye enhances the visual camouflage effect. The finely porous structure of the layer, in contrast to the solid and impermeable, does not impede vapor permeability and heat removal from the object.

Such a heterogeneous multilayer structure of the material, when using a metallized or laminating layer as the front layer, when dye is introduced into them, provides good camouflage of the biological object at night, due to the optimal balance between the transmission, absorbing and reflecting electromagnetic radiation properties.

Thanks to this structure, the material is well draped, possesses water-repellent, vapor-permeable and heat-protective properties.

Example 1

On the wrong side of a textile cotton material art. C19YUD with a surface density of 270 g / m ² , manufacturer of Rodniki Textile OJSC, applied the prepared polymer mixture in the following ratio of components (mass fraction in%) using the doctor blade method: aluminum powder - 25, acrylic polymer based on butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid - 65, acrylic thickener - 5, pigment phthalocyanyl dye - 5. In the process of heat setting and calendering of the surface at a temperature of 130 ° C, the composition penetrated the structure of the material by 2/3 of its thickness. Calendering of the surface, performed from the side of the polymer mixture by passing through hot shafts, made it possible to level the surface and to obtain a well-draped material resistant to external influences. After applying the metallized layer, the surface density of the material increased by approximately 20% (330 g / m2).

To study the material for transmission and reflecting electromagnetic radiation properties, a Sagu 300 UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Australia) was used. The materials were compared: with metal spraying (prototype technology) and two-layer two-layer (Fig.1b) and three-layer (Fig.1c) materials made according to the invention. As the front side, a metallized coating was used (for a metal-sprayed material made by the technology of the prototype), and metallized and laminated layers for two-layer and three-layer materials, respectively. The data of FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 clearly show a decrease in the reflectivity of a bilateral multilayer material both on the front and on the wrong side (4 and 2 of FIG. 4) and an increase in its absorption capacity (2 of FIG. 5).

A combined jacket was made from material made according to the prototype and material made according to the invention (Example 1) (the left side of the jacket was made from the material of the prototype, and the right one was made from the material according to the claimed invention). To assess the camouflage effect, i.e. the shielding properties of the material for a PC were used a Nee TH 7100 thermal imager (infrared camera) - an optical-electronic measuring device operating in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The surface temperature of a heat-emitting object (person) coated with a multilayer material was recorded. The studies were conducted in an open environment at an ambient air temperature of + 15 ° C.

In figure 2 and figure 3 expressed tonal difference, characterizing the temperature difference of a person’s surface, recorded by the thermal imager. Both materials (prototype and invention) can reduce thermal radiation coming from a biological object, however, the right side of the jacket, made of material according to the claimed invention, practically merges with the environment, which confirms the masking effect, which provides a significant attenuation of thermal radiation of the claimed material, from which made the right side of the jacket. The lighter side determines the left side of the jacket, made of material according to the prototype, even lighter - not covered with heat-insulating material parts of the surface of the human body (legs and face).

The thermal imager recorded temperature points on the surface of the object under study not exceeding + 17 ° C, i.e. no more than 2 ° C above ambient temperature (+ 15 ° C). This fact confirms the possibility of providing the material with a good camouflage effect at night.

Example 2

On the wrong side of the textile material art. С27БЮ fiber composition 80% cotton fiber and 20% polyester, surface density 280 g / m ² , twill weave (manufacturer Barnaul melange plant), intended for the manufacture of camouflage products (suits, mobile shelters) according to example 1, the previously prepared polymer was applied using the doctor blade method mixture in the following ratio of components (weight fraction in%): aluminum powder - 30, acrylic polymer based on butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid - 60, acrylic thickener - 10. After calendaring the surface of the material at a temperature of 120 ° C, the composition penetrated the structure of the material by 1/2 of its thickness. A laminated layer was applied from the metallized layer in the form of an aqueous dispersion of an acrylic polymer with the addition of a phthalocyanyl dye. The thickness of the laminated layer is 0.01 mm.

A spectrophotometer was used to study the material for transmission and reflecting electromagnetic radiation properties.

Claims (2)

1. Bilateral multilayer camouflage material containing a textile base with camouflage dyeing, metallized and microporous layers, characterized in that a cotton or cotton lint fabric with a cotton fiber content of at least 60% is used as the textile base, the metallized layer has a porous structure, is placed in the material 1 / 2-2 / 3 of its thickness and is represented by a polymer composite mixture including aluminum powder, the elements of which are shaped with an asymmetric polyhedral a binder based on acrylic and methacrylic esters, an acrylic thickener and a pigment dye. 2. Bilateral multilayer camouflage material according to claim 1, characterized in that on the metallized layer side it contains a laminated layer of a microporous structure, based on which a film-forming aqueous solution of acrylic polymer with or without pigment dye.

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