JPH0730243Y2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a machine tool such as an NC lathe, and particularly to holding a tool on an X-axis slide that moves in a direction perpendicular to the axis of a spindle that holds a workpiece. It relates to machine tools of different types.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, a rail is fixed to a bed at a right angle (in the X-axis direction) to the spindle axis line in front of a spindle that holds and rotates a work, and an X-axis slide is movably held on this rail. Further, there is known a machine tool in which a plurality of tools are mounted on the upper surface of the X-axis slide, and the X-axis slide is moved according to the type of processing on the work to perform processing on the work with a desired tool. (For example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-45724). In this machine tool, the tools are arranged in parallel on the upper surface of the X-axis slide like a comb blade, and there is the merit that the tools can be replaced very quickly. .

[Problems to be solved by the device]

However, since the tool is arranged on the upper surface of the X-axis slide in the machine tool configured as described above, the tool blade edge is located higher than the upper surface of the X-axis slide. Therefore, the guide surface (rail upper surface) of the X-axis slide and the tool There is a problem in that the vertical gap with the tip, that is, the gap in the direction perpendicular to the X-axis becomes large, which increases the motion error of the tool blade edge and cannot improve the machining accuracy.

The present invention is intended to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a machine tool capable of suppressing a motion error of a tool and improving machining accuracy.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

In order to achieve such an object, the present invention mounts a tool on the side surface of the X-axis slide on the spindle side so that the cutting edge is positioned within the range of the thickness of the X-axis slide. Is provided with a structure in which the interval in the direction perpendicular to the X axis is reduced.

[Action]

With the above configuration, the distance between the guide surface (rail upper surface) of the X-axis slide and the tool blade edge in the direction perpendicular to the X-axis becomes smaller than that in the conventional case. Generally, when the X-axis slide moves on the rail, pitching, yawing, and rolling occur on the X-axis slide, the tool held by the X-axis slide moves accordingly, and a motion error occurs at the tool edge. Since the motion error of the tool edge due to the pitching and rolling of the X-axis slide is proportional to the distance between the guide surface of the X-axis slide and the tool edge (Abbe's principle), the present invention determines the distance between the guide surface and the tool edge. By making it smaller, the motion error of the tool edge is suppressed and the machining accuracy is improved. In addition, since the tool is attached so that the cutting edge is positioned within the range of the thickness of the X-axis slide, the holding rigidity of the tool is high, and the member holding the tool hardly bends. Also improves the processing accuracy.

〔Example〕

 Embodiments shown in the drawings will be described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an NC lathe, FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an essential part thereof, and FIG.
It is a III-III arrow line view of a figure. 1 to 3 in FIG.
Is a bed, 2 is a rail fixed to bed 1, 3 is a rail 2
Z movably held on the slide block 4
A shaft slide, 5 is a headstock held by the Z-axis slide 3, and 6 is a main shaft which holds and rotates the work 7. The rail 2 is attached parallel to the axis Z-Z (Z axis) of the main shaft 6.
Reference numeral 8 is a Z-axis servo motor, which constitutes a Z-axis drive mechanism that drives the Z-axis slide 3 in the Z-axis direction together with a ball screw (not shown). Further, the spindle 6 is rotationally driven by a motor built in the spindle stock 5.

Reference numeral 10 is a bed fixed to the bed 1, 11 is a rail provided on the bed 10 and in front of the spindle 6 at right angles to the spindle axis (Z axis), that is, in the XX direction (X axis direction), 12 is an X-axis slide movably held on the rail 11 via a slide block 13, 14 is a holder base mounted by bolts (not shown) on the side of the X-axis slide 12 on the spindle side, 15A, 15B, 15C is the holder body attached to the holder base 14, 16A, 16B, 16C is the holder body 15A,
Tool holder attached to 15B, 15C, etc., 17A, 17B, 17C,
17D, 17E, 17F are tools (bites, drills, etc.). The holder base 14 is provided with a dovetail 14a extending in the X-axis direction, and each holder body 15A to 15C has a dovetail groove that engages with the dovetail 14a. Therefore, remove each holder body 15A to 15C
Bolts (not shown) for sliding along 14a and for fixing
It can be fixed at any position in the X-axis direction by tightening. Here, as is clear from Fig. 1, X
The shaft slide 12 has a substantially rectangular side surface when viewed in the X-axis direction. The tools 17A to 17F are holder bodies 15A to 1
5C and tool holders 16A to 16C, on the side of the X-axis slide 12 on the spindle side, so that the cutting edge is located within the thickness range of the X-axis slide 12, and the X-axis of the tool cutting edge and the upper surface of the rail 11. Are mounted so that the vertical spacing a is as small as possible. With this configuration, the spacing a
Can be made extremely small and tools 17A to 17F
It is possible to increase the holding rigidity of, especially the holding rigidity against a load acting in the Z-axis direction. Furthermore these tools 17A
The mounting positions of ~ 17F and rail 11 are
The cutting edges of the tools 17A to 17F are set to have the same height as the spindle axis ZZ. In the drawing, three types of tool holders 16A to 16C and three types of holder main bodies 15A to 15C are used, but these can be changed as appropriate, and an appropriate tool holder and holder main body can be used according to the shape of the tool to be used. Can be used.

Reference numeral 20A is a cover provided so as to cover the X-axis slide 12, and has a long horizontal window for projecting the tool holders 16A to 16C on the spindle side, and the X-axis slide 12 can be moved in the X-axis direction without trouble. It is like this. X-axis slide 12
An auxiliary cover is attached to the side surface of the main shaft on the side of the holder base 14 so as to shield the long window formed in the cover 20A except the X-axis slide 12. This auxiliary cover can be expanded and contracted like a bellows, or a part of the auxiliary cover is made of spring steel and the cover 20A
It is configured so as to enter the inner gap of the X-axis so that the movement of the X-axis slide 12 is not hindered. Reference numeral 20B is a cover attached so as to cover the Z-axis slide 3 and the headstock 5, and is movable together with the Z-axis slide 3 and the headstock 5. In addition, the bed 10 is formed with a passage through which the Z-axis slide 3 and the tip of the cover 20B (the right end in FIG. 1) can enter.

The X-axis slide 12 is provided with an X-axis drive mechanism (not shown) that drives the X-axis slide 12 in the X-axis direction similarly to the Z-axis slide. The X-axis drive mechanism and the Z-axis drive mechanism described above are configured to be limited by a numerical controller (not shown).

In the NC lathe having the above structure, the X-axis slide 12 moves in the X-axis direction to index the desired tool to the machining position. Thereafter, the Z-axis slide 3 moves in the Z-axis direction to feed the work 7 in the Z-axis, and the X-axis slide 12 moves in the X-axis direction to perform the cutting feed, thereby performing the desired machining on the work. .

Here, the tool edge and the guide surface of the X-axis slide 12 (rail
The distance a from the upper surface of 11 is much shorter than the distance a'when the tool holder and the tool are mounted on the X-axis slide 12 (conventional example) as shown by the chain double-dashed line in FIG. Therefore, the motion error of the tool edge due to pitching and rolling during the movement of the X-axis slide 12 is small. Moreover, since the distance a is shortened, the axis of the spindle 6 and the guide surface of the Z-axis slide 3 (rail 2
The distance b (see FIG. 1) from the upper surface of the workpiece 7 becomes shorter, and the motion error of the work 7 due to the pitching and rolling of the Z-axis slide 3 becomes smaller. As a result, high-precision machining is possible. In addition, the tool has a X-axis slide 12
Since it is mounted so as to be positioned within the range of the thickness of the tool, the holding rigidity of the tool is high, and even if a force in the Z-axis direction acts on the tool during machining, the force can be well received by the X-axis slide 12. Therefore, the member holding the tool hardly bends, and high precision machining is possible from this point as well. Furthermore, by mounting tools 17A to 17F on the side surface of the X-axis slide 12, the X-axis slide 12, rail 11, bed 10
Etc. can be covered with a cover 20A with a simple structure,
The cutting liquid does not splash on each of these members. As a result, the X-axis slide 12, the rail 11, the bed 10, etc. are not affected by the heat of the cutting fluid, and stable machining is possible. Also,
Since the tool projects from the side surface of the X-axis slide, the chips do not accumulate on the X-axis slide 12 but fall downward and the chips can be easily treated.

[Effect of device]

As described above, in the machine tool of the present invention, the tool is placed on the side surface on the spindle side of the X-axis slide movably held on the rail fixed to the bed, and the cutting edge is within the range of the thickness of the X-axis slide. Since it is mounted so that it is positioned, the distance between the guide surface of the X-axis slide and the tool blade edge in the direction perpendicular to the X-axis can be reduced, and the holding rigidity of the tool can be increased, and the X-axis slide It is possible to reduce the motion error of the tool tip caused by the pitching and rolling of the tool, and to minimize the deflection that occurs in the member that holds the tool, thereby improving the processing accuracy. In addition, it is easy to provide a cover that covers the X-axis slide and the rails that support it. By providing this cover, the influence of cutting fluid can be eliminated and the processing of chips becomes easy. It also has the effect of.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic side view showing an embodiment in which the present invention is applied to an NC lathe, FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an essential part thereof, and FIG.
It is a III-III arrow line view of a figure. 1 ... Bed, 2 ... Rail, 3 ... Z-axis slide, 4 ... Slide block, 5 ... Spindle base, 6 ... Spindle, 7 ... Work, 10 ... Bed, 11 ...
Rails, 12… X-axis slides, 13… Slide blocks, 14…
Holder base, 15A, 15B, 15C… Holder body, 16A, 16B, 1
6C… Tool holder, 17A to 17F… Tool.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] 1. A spindle for holding and rotating a work, a rail provided in front of the spindle at a right angle to the spindle axis and fixed to a bed, and an X-axis movably held by the rail. A machine tool having a slide and a tool attached to the side surface of the X-axis slide on the spindle side so that the blade edge is located within the range of the thickness of the X-axis slide.