JPH07301463A - Method for operating heat pump - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To normally operate a heat pump with new substitute refrigerant gas by allowing a specific allowance of the heat exchanging capacity of a condenser to remain in the condenser after heat radiating calorie of the refrigerant gas is eliminated when the gas is heat exchanged with cooling water in a water-cooled compressor. CONSTITUTION:A compressor 1, a water-cooled condenser 2A, an expansion valve 3 and an evaporator 4 are sequentially connected by a tube, refrigerant gas and oil are heat exchanged with cooling water from a water cooler 5 fed by a water pump 6 to be liquefied by the condenser 2A. In this case, the condenser 2A is so constructed as to be extended until the heat radiating calorie of the gas is all eliminated and that an allowance of 5% or more of the capacity of the entire condenser 2A is retained as 2a' thereafter at the time of a normal operation. The temperature of the gas output in contact with the water is lowered, for example, by 1 deg.C or more to completely combine the gas and the oil, thereby guaranteeing the normal operation of a cooler.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[Industrial field of application] [0001] The present invention uses a new alternative refrigerant gas, a refrigerant gas that does not contain chlorine and does not affect the ozone layer, and is generally called HFC134a. is there.

[Prior Art] The operation state of a condenser water-cooling cooler at an atmospheric temperature of 33 ° C. using a refrigerant gas, Freon R22 or R12, which has been used in a heat pump up to now, will be described. The refrigerant gas discharged at ° C exchanges heat with the cooling water cooled by the cooling tower to 33 ° C which is the same temperature as the atmospheric temperature in the water-cooled condenser, and the cooling water rises to 38 ° C and exits the condenser. The refrigerant gas condenses at 43 ° C and leaves the condenser.

It is a matter of course that the 67 ° C gas exchanges heat with the 33 ° C cooling water to raise the water temperature to 38 ° C, and the temperature of the heat source gas is 43 ° C. Therefore, the condensing temperature of the condenser water-cooled cooler is the atmospheric temperature plus 10
It was 43 ° C, which was ° C. The state of the refrigerant gas at the time of condensation at 43 ° C. is a bubble state when viewed from the liquid level gauge, and the heat radiation calorie of the refrigerant gas remains. It was more efficient for the cooler to put the refrigerant gas into the slightly larger amount of heat to leave heat radiating calories, and to operate in the bubble state was more efficient, and there was no problem in operation even if the gas escaped to some extent. Up to now, the heat pump has been operating sufficiently with this operating method for the refrigerant gas, the flow gas R12, R22 and the like. However, CFCs are going to be abolished, and if the newly developed new alternative refrigerant gas HFC134a is used as it is for the conventional cooler, the refrigerant gas and the oil will not be sufficiently fused and the The refrigerant gas and the oil are separated, and the operation of the cooler becomes impossible. Further, the HFC134a is mainly considered as a substitute for the low pressure CFC R12, and is not considered as a substitute for the high pressure R22 refrigerant gas.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Therefore, according to the present invention, when the refrigerant gas is compressed and discharged by the compressor, the oil vaporized and sent at the same time is completely fused with the refrigerant gas in the condenser. The refrigerant gas is completely liquefied to eliminate bubbles, improve the passage of the refrigerant gas through the expansion valve, and normally operate the heat pump with the new alternative refrigerant gas HFC134a.

[Means for Solving the Problems] Referring to the drawings, the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The compressor 1, the water-cooled condenser 2A and the expansion valve 3 are connected by a high pressure gas pipe 7, and the expansion valve 3, the evaporator 4 and the compressor 1 are connected by a low pressure gas pipe 8. Install a water cooler 5 such as a water tank or cooling tower, radiator,
A water pipe 9 via a water pump 6 connects the water tank 5 and the water cooling condenser 2A back and forth. The refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 1 is a gas, and the oil sent out at the same time is also a gas. The refrigerant gas and oil of this gas are liquefied by exchanging heat with the cooling water sent by the water pump 6 in the water-cooled condenser 2A, but the water-cooled condenser 2A is extended until all the heat radiated calories of the refrigerant gas are exhausted, and thereafter. In addition, during normal operation, a margin of 5% or more of the entire capacity of the water cooling condenser 2A is left as 2A '. This 2A 'is provided when an abnormally large amount of refrigerant gas flows, and further promotes liquefaction of the refrigerant gas.

Refrigerant gas from which all heat-dissipated calories have disappeared is completely liquefied and the gas portion is lost, the volume is reduced in the empty pipe, a gap is formed in the gas pipe, and the temperature of the gas pipe surface is lowered. The temperature of the gas leaving the condenser will be lower than the temperature of the water inside the condenser, which is a state never before seen. The temperature of the gas coming in contact with the water temperature is 1 rather than the temperature of the water containing the condenser.
When the temperature is lower than ° C, the fusion of gas and oil is complete, and the gas and oil are not easily separated during the operation of the cooler, so that the cooler can operate normally. Further, since the refrigerant gas is completely liquefied and its volume becomes small, it can pass through the expansion valve well, and the problem that the refrigerant gas does not flow due to the low gas pressure hardly occurs.

FIG. 2 In the case of condenser air-cooling, the compressor 1, the air-cooling condenser 2B, and the expansion valve 3 are connected by a high-pressure gas pipe 7, and the expansion valve 3, the evaporator 4,
The compressor 1 is connected by a low pressure gas pipe 8. The refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 1 at high pressure and high temperature is sent to the air-cooled condenser 2B and exchanges heat with the atmosphere to be liquefied. However, as in the case of the water-cooled condenser 2 shown in FIG. The capacity of the air-cooled condenser 2A is extended until it disappears, and after the heat radiation calorie is exhausted in normal operation, the capacity of the entire air-cooled condenser 2B is reduced to 5
% Or more is added as 2B '. Due to the shape of the air-cooled condenser and the heat exchange performance, the water-cooled condenser 2A
Since the heat exchange is not convection and is flat as shown in Fig. 4, when the temperature of the gas from the air-cooled condenser is 1 ° C or more lower than the atmospheric temperature from the air-cooled condenser, the fusion of the refrigerant gas and oil is sufficient. Driving is possible.

As shown in FIG. 3, the air-cooled condenser 2B
After that, a water-cooled condenser 2A is installed, and as in the case of the condenser water-cooled in FIG. 1, a water tank, a cooling tower, a radiator, etc., a water cooler 5 and a water-cooled condenser 2A.
Are connected back and forth by a water pipe 9 via a water pump 6 so that cooling water circulates between the water cooler 5 and the water cooling condenser 2A.

The refrigerant gas that exchanges heat with the atmosphere in the air-cooled condenser 2B and retains heat radiation calories is sent to the water-cooled condenser 2A to exchange heat with the cooling water. Also at this time, 5% or more of the entire capacity of the condenser is added as the condenser 2A 'after the heat radiation of the refrigerant gas is exhausted. The fact that all these heat release calories are gone means
Cooler basic values so far, condenser water temperature 33
The temperature of the cooling water and the temperature of the gas are the same, not the difference of 5 ° C at the condenser, the temperature of the water discharged from the condenser is 38 ° C, and the condensation temperature of the refrigerant gas is 43 ° C. Also at this time, the cooler can operate normally if the gas temperature of the condenser 2A is lowered by 1 ° C or more than the water temperature of the condenser 2A.

The water-cooled condenser 2A is installed after the air-cooled condenser 2B because the cooling tower, radiator, and other water coolers 5 are made smaller so that the characteristics of the water-cooled cooler can be obtained, and the existing air-cooled cooler is a new alternative refrigerant gas. The water cooling condenser 2A is added when operating at 134a. Even if the water-cooled condensers 2A and 2A 'are manufactured integrally, it is the same, and the air-cooled condensers 2B and 2A are
It may be manufactured integrally with B '.

FIG. 4 shows a state in which a new alternative refrigerant gas 134a is used in a cooler attached to an automobile, a crane or the like. A water tank 2C is installed after the air-cooled condenser 2B, a gas pipe 10 is installed in the 2C, and a compressor 1, an air-cooled condenser 2B, a water tank gas pipe 10 and an expansion valve 3 are connected by a high-pressure gas pipe 7, and an expansion valve 3,
The low pressure gas pipe 8 connects the evaporator 4 and the compressor 1. If you put water in the water tank 2C and run the cooler,
Refrigerant gas with insufficient heat dissipation by the air-cooled condenser and remaining calorie release is the gas pipe 10 in the water tank 2C.
It enters and exchanges heat with the water in the water tank 2C to radiate heat. Also at this time, the gas pipe 10 is extended until all the heat radiation calories are exhausted, and then the gas pipe has a margin.

When all the heat radiation calories are exhausted, the temperature of the gas leaving the water tank 2C becomes the same as the temperature of the water in 2C,
Further, if the gas pipe is extended, the gas temperature becomes 1 ° C or more lower than the temperature of the water in contact with the end of 2C. However, at this time, when the gas pipe exiting the water tank 2C is in the vertical direction, the liquefied gas is filled and a gap cannot be formed in the gas pipe, so the gas temperature may not become lower than the water temperature.
The water temperature in the water tank 2C naturally rises due to the heat radiation of the gas. When the water temperature rises, the atmosphere is sent to the water tank of 2C for cooling, or as shown in FIG. 4, the evaporative gas that has flowed out of the expansion valve is drawn into the water tank 2C by the gas pipe 11 and the flow rate is adjusted by the gas valve 12. The water temperature is lowered by evaporating with the gas pipe 11 in 2C. This water tank 2C
If the temperature of the water inside is less than the atmospheric temperature plus 10 ° C, the operating condition of the cooler is improved.

The expansion valve will be described with reference to FIG. The condenser gas completely fuses the refrigerant gas and oil, and after completely liquefying, the expansion valve decompresses and vaporizes and sends it to the evaporator.Although it is possible to operate the cooler even with the normal expansion valve length, normal expansion The temperature sensing tube 13 is attached to the expansion valve, which opens and closes by sensing the gas temperature in front of the valve 3, or the low-pressure gas pipe 8 that exits the evaporator 4 and reaches the compressor 1 as shown in FIG. An expansion valve that adjusts the gas flow rate by incorporating both the transmission pipe 14 and the gas pipe 15 that directly transmits the pressure in the gas pipe 8, and an equal expansion valve 3'which electronically transmits the pressure are attached, and the expansion valve 3 ', Three
If the cooler is operated in two stages, the operating condition will be even better. The length of the gas pipe 8'connecting the expansion valve 3'and the evaporator 4 is set to 70 cm or more, and the gas temperature is gradually lowered and sent to the evaporator 4 to eliminate a sudden drop in the gas temperature due to vaporization and to reduce gas and oil. To prevent the separation of. As shown in the data according to the schematic configuration diagram of FIG. 7, the gas temperature immediately after exiting the expansion valve 3 ′ was 24.3 ° C. and 100 cm.
After that, the gas temperature gradually decreased to 21.7 ° C and 220 cm later to 13.0 ° C. The length of the gas pipe 8'may be 100 cm or more, if necessary. The expansion valves 3'and 3 and the lengthening of the gas pipe 8'are effective when the cooler is operated by a water-cooled condenser and the exhaust heat is taken out by high-temperature water.

[Operation] A new alternative refrigerant gas HFC for the cooler
The cooler is operated by inserting the compressor 134a and operating the compressor, the condenser and the evaporator, and the condenser is operated by radiating heat until all the heat radiated calories of the refrigerant gas are exhausted. Refrigerant gas with all heat release calories is completely fused with gas and oil and completely liquefied. Once completely liquefied, the gas and oil do not separate even when evaporated. Since the completely liquefied refrigerant gas has no bubbles, the expansion valve is in a well-passed state, is sent to the required amount of the evaporator, and is completely evaporated, so that the cooler operates normally. 1.5kgcm ^{2 to} 2.5kgc at low pressure during summer operation of the cooler
m ² place, lower in winter.

[Embodiment] Embodiment 1. The operating condition of the condenser water-cooled cooler is shown. Cooler capacity, 2HP, refrigerant gas HFC134a,
2 kg, current value 3.8 A. (Three-phase 200V) FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of the configuration and measurement points. Compressor discharge gas temperature, 50.5 ° C,
2A1, first water-cooled condenser outlet gas temperature 21.1 ° C, 2A2, second water-cooled condenser outlet gas temperature,
18.2 ° C, first expansion valve 3'outlet gas temperature, 4.
9 ° C 2nd expansion valve 3 outlet gas temperature (gas temperature entering the evaporator), minus 0.7 ° C, evaporator outlet gas temperature minus 4.4 ° C compressor entering gas temperature minus 2.2 ° C, ▲ 11 ▼ Atmosphere temperature entering the evaporator 14.4 ° C, ▲ 12 ▼ Atmosphere temperature exiting the evaporator
5.8 ° C, (13) Water-cooled condenser water temperature
19.8 ° C, ▲ 14 ▼ Water-cooled condenser outlet water temperature 20.6 ° C ▲ 18 ▼ Gas high pressure 7.3kgc
m ² , ▲ 19 ▼ gas low pressure 1.8 kgcm ² . Thus, the cooler using the new alternative refrigerant gas HFC134a is operating normally at a time when the atmospheric temperature is considerably low.

Example 2 Operating condition of a cooler having a water tank 2C installed after an air-cooled condenser 2B, Oita Prefectural Industrial Research Institute constant temperature greenhouse cooler, air-cooled separate type, 2HP, current value, 4.8
A (3 phase 200V) Water tank Water volume 15l New alternative refrigerant gas HFC134a
Use of 2 kg Fig. 7 shows a schematic diagram and measurement points. Compressor discharge gas temperature, 94.5 ° C,
2B, air-cooled condenser outlet gas temperature, 33.4 ° C 2C, water tank outlet gas temperature, 31.3 ° C,
Expansion valve 3'outlet 10 cm outlet gas temperature, 24.3 ° C,
Expansion valve 3'outlet 100 cm gas temperature 21.7 ° C
Expansion valve 3'outlet 220 cm gas temperature, 13.0 ° C
Evaporator outlet gas temperature 16.0 ° C Compressor inlet gas temperature 19.0 ° C ▲ 10 ▼ Compressor surface temperature 56.0 ° C, ▲ 11 ▼ Evaporator atmospheric temperature 28.0 ° C, ▲ 12 ▼ Evaporation Atmosphere temperature 16.5 ° C ▲ 15 ▼ Air temperature with air-cooled condenser 2B 28.0 ° C ▲ 16 ▼ Air temperature from air-cooled condenser 33. C ▲ 17 ▼ 2C, water temperature in water tank 33.0 ° C ▲ 18 ▼ Gas high pressure
9.1kgcm ² ▲ 19 ▼ Gas low pressure 2.1Kgc
m2 Continuous operation is performed in this state, but there is no abnormality. Other coolers, etc. are operating normally indoors and outdoors, and a test document from the Oita Prefectural Industrial Research Institute, which measures the operating conditions of the cooler outdoors, has also been issued.

[Effect of the Invention] As described above, the heat pump, particularly the cooler, can be operated by the new alternative refrigerant gas HFC134a which does not affect the ozone layer. Also HCF
Since the refrigerant gas of 134a can be operated at a low pressure, damage to the equipment is reduced.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cooler using a water-cooled condenser of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cooler using an air-cooled condenser of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cooler in which a water-cooled condenser is installed after the air-cooled condenser of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cooler using an auxiliary condenser of a water tank after the air-cooled condenser of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a two-stage cooler including an expansion valve 3 ′ that operates at the gas temperature and pressure discharged from the evaporator of the present invention and a normal expansion valve 3.

FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a production cooler using the water-cooled condenser of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a production cooler using an auxiliary condenser of a water tank after the air-cooled condenser of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Compressor, 2A ... Water-cooled condenser, 2A '... Water-cooled condenser additional part, 2B ... Air-cooled condenser 2B' ... Air-cooled condenser additional part, 2C ... Water tank type auxiliary condenser 3 ... Normal expansion valve 3 ' ...... Expansion valve that adjusts gas flow rate by temperature and pressure of low-pressure gas 4 Evaporator 5 Water cooler such as water tank or cooler, radiator 6 Water pump 7 High pressure gas pipe 8 Low pressure Gas pipe 8 '... Gas pipe from expansion valve 3'to evaporator 9 ... Water pipe 10 ... High-pressure gas pipe passing through the water tank 2C 11 ... Low-pressure gas pipe passing through water tank 2C 12 ... Inside the water tank 2C A valve for adjusting the evaporative gas passing therethrough ..... Temperature-sensing cylinder 14 ........ A pipe for transmitting the temperature of the thermosensing cylinder to the expansion valve 3'15..Low-pressure gas pipe Gas pipe to convey the pressure of the expansion valve 3 '

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A compressor 1, a water-cooled condenser 2
When heat exchange between the refrigerant gas and the cooling water is performed by the water-cooled condenser 2A with the heat pump composed of A and the evaporator 4, the heat exchange capacity of the condenser 2A is 5% or more after the heat radiation calorie of the refrigerant gas disappears in the normal operation. A method of operating a heat pump that leaves a margin in the condenser 2A and lowers the temperature of the gas discharged from the condenser by 1 ° C or more than the temperature of water in the condenser. 2. A compressor 1 and an air-cooled condenser 2
B, with the heat pump consisting of the evaporator 4, when the heat exchange between the refrigerant gas and the cooling water is carried out in the air-cooled condenser 2B, the heat exchange capacity of the condenser 2B is 5% or more after the heat radiation calorie of the refrigerant gas disappears in the normal operation. A heat pump operating method in which a margin is left in the condenser 2B and the gas temperature of the condenser 2B is lowered by 1 ° C or more from the atmospheric temperature of the condenser 2B. 3. A compressor 1, an air cooling controller 2B,
A heat pump consisting of an evaporator 4 and an air-cooled condenser 2
After B, the water-cooled condenser 2A is installed, and the refrigerant gas after heat exchange with the atmosphere in the air-cooled condenser 2B is passed through the water-cooled condenser 2A, and the temperature of the gas discharged from the water-cooled condenser 2A is higher than the water temperature entering the water-cooled condenser 2A. A method of operating a heat pump that operates by lowering it by 1 ° C or more. 4. A compressor 1, an air-cooled condenser 2
B, a heat pump composed of an evaporator 4, a water tank 2C is installed after the air-cooled condenser 2B, and the refrigerant gas discharged from the air-cooled condenser 2B is passed through the inside of 2C by a gas pipe to cool the refrigerant gas and water tank 2C. When the temperature of the water in the water tank rises by exchanging heat with the water in the water tank, the atmosphere is sent to the water tank 2C, or the evaporative gas after exiting the expansion valve is passed through the water tank 2C by a gas pipe to cool the water temperature. , How to operate the heat pump by operating the water temperature in the water tank within the atmospheric temperature + 10 ° C. 5. A heat pump comprising a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3 and an evaporator 4, wherein the temperature of the evaporative gas, the pressure of the evaporative gas, or the temperature of the evaporative gas is provided in front of the normal expansion valve 3.
A method of operating a heat pump, in which an expansion valve 3'which detects and senses both pressures is installed, and the expansion valves 3'and 3 are provided for operation. 6. A heat pump comprising a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an additional expansion valve 3 ', a normal expansion valve 3 and an evaporator 4, the length of a gas pipe 8'from the additional expansion valve 3'to the evaporator 4 being 70 cm. The heat pump operation method described above.