JPH07293856A - Highly-efficient heat exchanger/combustion apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance heat exchange utilization efficiency by providing a single row or bell-mouthed single-row curtain-type air-injecting means having a forcedly orienting structure provided with injection nozzles and a high pressure blowing means having a required capacity. CONSTITUTION:A suction' fan 8 is operated to produce negative pressure in the interior of a furnace, a burner 13 is started to generate flame and a ring blower 15 is operated after the flame has become stabilized. Natural flame 18 is reddish black, intensive combustion reaction occurs in a high pressure air layer 19 injected at an angle of elevation with respect to a flame source to form a barrier and the flame 18 enclosed by the barrier becomes luminous flame. Because combustion atmosphere is enhanced in a restricted interior of a heat exchanging apparatus to complete the combustion reaction, high temperature thermal radiation thus generated most efficiently improves heat exchange utilization efficiency. The reduction of fuel consumption and purification and volume reduction of exhaust gas can be accomplished in an equivalent sized apparatus.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of use] The present invention relates to a combustion apparatus that requires heat of combustion of a substance, for example, in a heating facility, a boiling facility, an incineration facility or the like.

[Prior Art] Since it is indispensable to utilize the heat of combustion of substances in social life, such techniques have been competitively improved. It is an exploration of technology that pursues both the ease of burning fuel and the high utilization of its heat, and is also a trial of what kind of facility to burn from the standpoint of heat utilization. . In addition, from the viewpoint of the survival of humanity these days, the preservation of the global environment and the conservation of limited resources,
Further improvement of the technology of the preceding paragraph is required.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention seeks to improve a combustion device from the standpoint of requiring heat of combustion, and enhances the heat conversion rate of a substance in a limited combustion heat exchange device.
We aimed for an integrated improvement method to improve the heat utilization exchange efficiency. That is, in the complete combustion reaction, it is necessary to confine the flame under a sufficient supply of air to enhance the combustion atmosphere and complete the bond between the fuel and air oxygen, while the heat exchange area ( When the irradiation area) is widened, the area to which heat is applied becomes large and the combustion atmosphere is often lowered, and it is difficult to achieve both phenomena at a high rate in a limited volume apparatus. Especially when the fuel is heavy oil, polymer fuel, solid fuel, etc., the combustion process of dry distillation → gasification → oxygen bonding reaction is long, and it is difficult to completely burn unless the temperature in the furnace reaches a high temperature. As for the fuel with respect to the volume of the combustion chamber, the amount of self-combustion flame is often set, and it cannot be said that the heat conversion of the fuel was performed at a high rate. The object of the present invention is to provide a means for increasing the heat conversion rate of fuel by keeping the combustion atmosphere at a high temperature while increasing the heat irradiation exchange area in contact with the combustion chamber for any fuel. The establishment of technology to improve the efficiency of heat exchange utilization.

[Means and Actions for Solving Problems] Therefore, the inventor sought a clue to the technical solution approaching the solution in the preceding paragraph to the meaning of the phenomena of heart flame, middle flame, and external flame expressed in the flame of a candle.
That is, the source of light is the heart flame (gasification of fuel → ignition stage), but the light becomes strong by being surrounded by the combustion reaction (atmosphere) barrier called the outer flame (complete coupling stage) that has the highest temperature. The state in which the self-combustion flame is filled as described in the previous section still contains a large amount of noncombustible gas in the middle flame stage. There is a strong air flow around the outer flame, and the process of wrapping the inside of the gas and expanding the gas to complete the combustion reaction is very long (a phenomenon in which the maximum temperature point is far apart from the visible flame). By the way, each fuel has its own heat calorie displayed, and a guideline for the amount of air required to burn it is also presented. The conventional method is to supply and mix the required amount of air to the fuel in various ways. It is based on the method being performed, and even if various improvements such as boilers are actually added, air exceeding the calculated amount is supplied, and the combustion coupling reaction is completed within the limited heat exchange device. It is said that non-combustible gas is still emitted even after going to the chimney (the story of a heat manager), which is one of the causes of environmental degradation and waste of resources. On the other hand, Stefan Bolman's combustion law is as shown in Table 1 {(combustion temperature + 273 ℃) ⁴ = radiant energy}, but teach that radiant heat rays emitted from the burning object are straight traveling electromagnetic waves. There is. From the viewpoint of heat utilization, the concept of the specific heat quantity of the fuel is not constant, and the way of combustion (maintaining the atmosphere)
Maybe the law teaches that, depending on the situation, there is a possibility that the heat conversion utilization of substances can be greatly improved.

The reason why the inventor arrived at this method was that the heat conversion rate was very low even if various conventional methods were tried from the firing side in the process of burning poor wood fuel in the heating facility, and I thought about it This is because when the air was blown from the peephole with firebamboo, it responded to the air blown in a direction away from the combustion site, causing a violent phenomenon beyond the concept of burning. The combustion means of the present invention is not limited to the ordinary method of continuously supplying and mixing air to fuel and gas, and the progress of combustion gas from between the combustion site (object) and the combustion gas discharge port (normal large exhaust position). Injects high-pressure air in a curtain shape so as to envelop (compress) the combustion site across the gas diagonally across from each other, and is provided with an air-injection means of a forced orientation structure equipped with an injection nozzle and a high-pressure blower of the required capacity. However, by forming an electromagnetic barrier called the above-mentioned outer flame layer, almost complete heat conversion of the fuel is realized in the limited combustion furnace device, and high-rate heat exchange is possible by irradiation of the high radiation heat ray. It is a thing. Since the strength of the combustion reaction is proportional to the collision speed between the gasified fuel object and the air, the high-pressure air collides with the gas in the middle flame stage opposite to the traveling direction of the combustion gas according to the device of the present invention. In the combustion reaction layer where the process of reversing is long and intense, an efficient electromagnetic wave barrier is formed, and the fuel object (emitter) enclosed in it becomes a high temperature and becomes a bright flame, and synergistically high temperature radiation (radiation) heat rays. Occurs and the most efficient heat exchange proceeds. There is a practical example in which the efficiency greatly depends on whether the heat is directly radiated or the heat is conducted in the heat exchange. The applicant has already filed Japanese Patent Application No. 59-1
A device according to the drawing filed (combustion device) in No. 60636 {furnace volume 180 cm x 45 cm x 45 cm, burner 4 l / h, blower ring ring blower (Fuji) 0.2
kw, ejection holes 3 mm × 10 in series}, the furnace temperature was 700 ° C. in the combustion heat exchange by the burner heat source.
On the other hand, when the upper part of the combustion chamber was also surrounded by refractory bricks and the heat exchange part was placed on top of it and the heat exchange only by conduction heat was compared, the furnace temperature was 1200 ° C, but it was supplied to the iron body. The heat exchange rate of standard fuel calories to water is 4 for the former.
The latter had an excessively large head difference of 20% even though it was 5%. Also, in the combustion and heat exchange with the poor wood fuel in the same equipment, when the high-pressure blower was stopped, a reddish black flame was generated in the furnace and the furnace temperature was 400 ° C.
When the high-pressure blower was operated, the charcoal was burning as the fuel, the flame became a bright flame, and the interior of the furnace could be seen all the way to the interior temperature of 600 ° C. (It is known that the luminous flame has high radiant heat efficiency.) From the comparison of the difference in the radiant heat ray energy depending on the temperature of the heating element shown in Table 1, the high temperature of the combustion part in the combustion heat exchange device for utilizing the combustion heat. It was informed that the effect of direct irradiation with radiation and radiant heat rays was remarkably large. It is also confirmed that the concept of the intrinsic heat quantity of the fuel is not necessarily fixed, as in the teaching of the combustion law inferred above. As described above, according to the device of the present invention, the combustion object is kept at a high temperature in combustion and heat exchange, and the heat exchange area (internal volume) for directly radiating the radiant heat rays is made as large as possible (according to the conventional method). And 10 to 12 l / h are required for the burner with respect to the furnace volume of the above device), the two trade-off factors are efficiently co-located, and heat conversion far exceeding the concept of the intrinsic heat quantity of the fuel in a limited device. And, it means that we have made a great progress toward high-rate heat exchange utilization.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a device according to an embodiment,
FIG. 2 is a front sectional view thereof. FIG. 3 (A) is a plan view of the blower, and FIG. 3 (B) is a vertical enlarged view of an air injection portion of the blower. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a boiler iron body, 2 is a combustion chamber inside the boiler body, 3 is a fireproof door which is a fire port, and has 4 air intake ports and 5 burner ports. Reference numeral 6 denotes a combustion gas outlet, to which the chimney 7 and a gas suction fan 8 are connected. The outer wall 9 of the combustion chamber corresponds to the internal heat exchange part of the boiler body, and 10 and 11 are connected to 6 by a passage tube for combustion gas, and the interior 12 of the body is filled with water. Reference numeral 13 is a burner, 14 is an abutment for a blower pipe, and 15 blower ring ring blowers are connected to 16 air blowers by 17 blower pipes. And, as a phenomenon position in the function of this apparatus, the position where the burner flame or the solid fuel flame is generated is the combustion site of 18. or,
The combustion reaction layer caused by the high pressure air injected from 17 is 19, and the radiant heat ray generated from 18 and 19 and applied to the outer wall 9 of the furnace is 20. The operation of the combustion apparatus having the above-described configuration according to the embodiment will be described. First, the suction fan of 8 is operated to make the inside of the furnace a negative pressure, and
Start the burner of and generate a flame. When the flame stabilizes, turn on the ring blower 15. The self-combustion flame of 18 is reddish black, but in the high-pressure air film layer 19 that is injected from 17 at an elevation angle with respect to the fire source, a vigorous combustion reaction occurs and becomes a barrier. . (The radiant heat ray easily passes through the barrier.) In the case of combustion using solid fuel such as wood, the method sequence is the same, and it takes a short time to make the flame ignite, and the amount of wood ash remaining is small. Radiant heat rays emitted from the bright flame exchange heat with the outer wall 9 of the furnace to warm the water 12 inside. Heat 12 water at each position by conduction heat exchange from position 10 through smoke pipe 11 and out of the malleer at 6. Regardless of which fuel is used, it is assumed that the state of rapidly igniting the flame was almost the completion of heat conversion of the fuel within the extremely limited furnace volume, and the gas temperature discharged from 6 was almost the furnace temperature. 20% or less indicates that heat exchange was also performed at a high rate.

[Effects of the Invention] As described in detail above, according to the present invention, the fuel particles that are conventionally used are made finer to increase the mixing reaction with air, or the air is supplied in several stages. From the standpoint of exchanging and utilizing heat, we reconsidered combustion as a heat conversion of materials, taking a step forward from the method of completely reacting combustion.
The most efficient heat exchange is the direct heat of the radiant heat ray (energy), which is generated from the light emitter (fuel) in a progressive proportion to the temperature, so the area that radiates the direct heat ray should be as small as possible. Even though it is wide, the luminous body (burning part)
We have developed a means to keep the high temperature. By doing so, we will improve the issues required in the age of global environment conservation, health maintenance, and the saving of limited resources. The fields and effects are listed below in terms of usage.

As described above, since the combustion atmosphere is raised and the combustion reaction is completed within the limited heat exchange device, the high-temperature radiant heat rays generated thereby most efficiently increase the heat exchange utilization rate.
This results in a greater reduction in fuel in the same scale system as well as a cleaner and less exhaust gas.

The mechanism of the device of the present invention can maintain the high-temperature combustion efficiency even when incinerating a garbage-like substance having a relatively high moisture content.

In relation to the previous example, the dioxin generation phenomenon due to relatively low temperature combustion for the protection of the furnace wall in a large-scale incinerator, which has recently become a problem, is maintained by the mechanism of the present invention even at a large water pipe chamber while maintaining high-temperature combustion. Since it is possible to incinerate at a high temperature exceeding the temperature range in which the hazardous substance is generated, both environmentally safe efficiency improvement and facility maintenance can be achieved, and the effect of using hot water obtained by absorbing and exchanging heat is also created. You can

In particular, this mechanism generates radiant heat that far exceeds the thermal calories that have been regarded as inherent in heavy oil, coal, and polymer fuels, and exchanges that heat at a high rate, and the amount of air supplied to the fuel is appropriate. What can be kept within the required range is to greatly suppress the generation of combustion dust, and to contribute to resource conservation, revitalization of industry, and environmental protection.

The method of extracting the phenomenon of the present invention is extremely simple, and the equipment required for the method is inexpensive.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing a structure of a combustion apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a front sectional view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 (a) is a plan view of a blower having two configurations. FIG. 3 (b) is an enlarged vertical cross-sectional view of the air injection portions of the two configurations. 1 ... Boiler body 2 ... Fuel combustion chamber 4 ...
Air intake port 5 ... Burner port 8 ... Suction fan 9.
10 ... Combustion gas outlet 13 ... Burner 15-16-17 ... Blasting ground 18 ... Combustion site 19 ... Strong reaction layer

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. Surrounding or contacting the heat exchange section,
A combustion chamber having a combustion inlet having a chamber air intake port and a burner port on one side, and a combustion gas discharge port on the other side, and a combustion part for generating heat in the combustion chamber, a combustion site where a burner flame or a solid fuel flame is generated. From the side of the combustion gas outlet between the combustion gas outlet, in the direction of the position facing the progress of the combustion gas and diagonally traversing the combustion gas and enclosing the combustion site, in a straight single row or a trumpet single row. Injects curtain-shaped high-pressure air to form an electromagnetic wave barrier due to a strong combustion reaction.
A high-efficiency heat-exchange combustion device comprising a direct single-row or trumpet-type single-row curtain-shaped air injection means having an injection nozzle and a high-pressure air blowing means having a required capacity. 2. The high-pressure air jetting frame is directed to the high-pressure blower and a straight pipe or a trumpet-shaped circular pipe that is bonded to the tip of the blower pipe connected to the high-pressure blower at a right angle to the fire. The vertebral air passage-shaped nozzles with a thick hand and a narrowed tip to form a jet with a predetermined thickness were mounted on the required number of ventilation holes that were set at an elevation angle. ,
The high-efficiency heat exchange combustion device according to claim 1, which has a structure.