JPH07274479A - Generator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide a generator which can generate AC with a simple structure and also can generate polyphase AC by applying the principle of MHD power generation. CONSTITUTION:This is a generator where the principle of MHD power generation is applied, and this is composed of a fluid passage 2, auxiliary magnets 5, and electromagnets 5. The electromagnets 5 are arranged on the same plane around the fluid passage 2, forming a pair each with three pieces. A three-phase current is applied to the electromagnet 5. A magnetic field occurs within the fluid passage, and for this magnetic field, the polarity and the direction change in cycles. lonizing gas is let pass through the fluid passage 2 so as to ionize charge, and a three-phase AC is generated in the auxiliary electrode 3.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a power generator, and more particularly to improvement of MHD (Magneto Hidro Dynamics) power generation.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As one of power generation methods, MHD (Magneto
Hidro Dynamics) Power generation is known. Here, MHD power generation is to generate power by moving a conductive fluid (working fluid) in a magnetic field. Since the MHD power generation has a simple structure and does not have a mechanical motion part such as a turbine, it is expected that the capacity and efficiency of the device will be increased.
Therefore, research on MHD power generation has been actively conducted in recent years, and various inventions and research results have been announced (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 4 (1999) -498)
-127866, JP-A-5-91715, etc.).

The outline of the MHD power generator is as follows. FIG. 12 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional power generator. In the conventional power generation device 101,
As shown in FIG. 12, electromagnets 106, 1 are provided around the fluid flow path 105.
07 are arranged. Then, a strong magnetic field is formed in the fluid flow path 105 by the electromagnets 106 and 107. Here, in the power generation device of the conventional technique, a direct current was passed through the electromagnets 106 and 107. That is, in the conventional power generation device, the polarities of the electromagnets 106 and 107 are always constant, and for example, the electromagnet 106 is the N pole and the electromagnet 107.
Had a fixed polarity such as S pole. Further, in the fluid channel 105, a capture electrode 108 for taking out electricity is provided.
Is provided. Then, the power generation device 10 having the above-described configuration
In No. 1, a working fluid such as an ionized gas is passed through the fluid passage 105. FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing an entire conventional power generation device including an ionized gas generation unit. In the ionized gas generation unit 100, a combustion device and a heat exchanger (neither is shown) are built in. Then, the combustion device is supplied with combustion gas such as LNG and burned. A working fluid composed of a rare gas such as argon or helium is passed through the heat exchanger, and the working fluid is heated and reaches an ionized gas (plasma) state.

The working fluid, which has become ionized gas, exits the ionized gas generator 100 and is supplied to the power generator 101.
When the working fluid described above crosses the magnetic field as it passes through the power generation device 101, a voltage is induced in the working fluid.
The voltage induced in the working fluid is then transferred to the capture electrode 108.
Are taken out by the electrode, and a voltage is generated between the capture electrodes 108.

The electric power generated by the above-mentioned power generator is direct current, which is inconvenient to use as general commercial electric power. Therefore, a device for applying the principle of MHD power generation to generate alternating current is being researched. An invention for applying the principle of MHD power generation to generate alternating current is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-
The method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 23363 and JP-A-62-502.
There is a method disclosed in No. 652. Both of them change the passage direction of the fluid to generate an alternating current. Specifically, the former changes the flow of the fluid by explosion, and the latter changes the flow of the fluid by using a piston or the like. Let

[0006]

MHD power generation is still a developing technology and has not yet been put into practical use. However, in the description of the prior art, for the device for generating direct current described above, trial manufacture of the device has already been carried out in each research institute, and in the laboratory stage,
Good results have been obtained. On the other hand, the technology for generating alternating current by applying the principle of MHD power generation is still in the stage of research, and only a few technologies have been announced.

Further, the technology already disclosed also has many problems to be solved before it is put into practical use. For example, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-23363, since fuel explosion is used, there is a question about safety and impact resistance of the device. Further, according to the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 62-502652, the structure of the device becomes complicated, and the maximum advantage of MHD power generation, which is that the device can be simplified, is unsatisfactory.

Further, it is difficult to generate a multi-phase alternating current such as a three-phase alternating current in the power generators of JP-A-62-23363 and JP-A-62-502652. Therefore, the present invention is intended to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art, and an object thereof is to apply the principle of MHD power generation and to provide a power generation device capable of generating alternating current with a simple structure. .
Another object of the present invention is to provide a power generation device capable of generating multi-phase alternating current.

[0009]

The features of the present invention for achieving the above-mentioned object are a fluid flow path, an electromagnet, and
In a power generator that has a trapping electrode and allows a fluid to pass through a magnetic field generated by an electromagnet to generate a voltage between the trapping electrodes, the electromagnet has an alternating current or a pulsating current.

The invention which develops this invention to generate a multi-phase alternating current includes a fluid flow path, an electromagnet, and a trapping electrode,
In a power generator that allows a fluid to pass through a magnetic field generated by an electromagnet to generate a voltage between the capture electrodes, the electromagnet is provided with three or more capture electrodes, and the electromagnet is composed of at least three or more coils, and each coil has a multiphase alternating current. Alternatively, it is a power generation device characterized by pulsating current.

In the structure of the present invention, the electromagnet comprises a core and a large number of one-turn coils or frame-shaped conductive plates, and the one-turn coil or frame-shaped conductive plate surrounds the core and mutually excludes end portions. It is preferable that a plurality of one-turn coils or a series of coils are formed by a frame-shaped conductive plate, which are stacked in a state where insulation is secured.

Further, the structure of the electromagnet is a combination of a plurality of conductor groups each having one or more linear conductors, each conductor group being arranged around the fluid flow path, and each conductor group being a linear conductor. A different voltage is applied to each of the conductor groups of each set between the two points, and a current is generated in the length direction of the straight conductor,
It is desirable to generate a rotating magnetic field or an alternating magnetic field in the fluid flow path and allow the fluid to pass through the rotating magnetic field or the alternating magnetic field.

When the above electromagnet is adopted,
The linear conductor is plate-shaped, one end of the plurality of conductor groups is electrically connected by the first connecting member, and the other end of the plurality of conductor groups is electrically connected by the plurality of second connecting members for each conductor group. It is desirable that

The invention showing a preferred embodiment of the present invention is provided with a multi-phase arc generating electrode, water is present around the multi-phase arc generating electrode, and an arc discharge is generated between the arc generating electrodes. It is a power generation device characterized in that it is generated to produce a high-temperature gas, and the high-temperature gas is passed through the magnetic field to generate electric power. Here, the multi-phase arc generating electrode is composed of a plurality of electrodes, and each phase voltage of a multi-phase AC power source is applied to each of the electrodes to generate a plurality of arc discharges between the electrodes. The water existing around the arc generating electrode may be in a liquid state or a gas state.

Further, in the invention showing a preferred embodiment of the above-mentioned invention, the fluid passage is connected in an annular shape, water exists in the fluid passage, and the arc generating electrode is arranged in the fluid passage, At least one of a combustion gas and a rare gas is supplied to the vicinity of the arc discharge portion between the arc generating electrodes.

[0016]

The power generator of the present invention applies the principle of MHD power generation. That is, the power generator of the present invention includes the fluid flow path, the electromagnet, and the capture electrode. Then, ionized gas (plasma) or liquid metal is allowed to pass through the fluid flow path. Then, the ionized gas crosses the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet and separates the charges to generate an electromotive force.The charges move in a fixed direction determined by the direction of the lines of magnetic force and the traveling direction of the fluid, and between the trapping electrodes. Generate voltage.

In the power generator of the present invention, since the alternating current or the pulsating current is passed through the electromagnet, the polarity and strength of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet change with time.
Therefore, the moving amount and the moving direction of the charge change with time. As a result, in the power generator of the present invention, the electromotive force generated in the capture electrode changes in voltage and polarity with time. That is, in the power generator of the present invention, alternating current or pulsating current is generated in the trapping electrode.

According to the second aspect of the invention, three or more trapping electrodes are provided, and the electromagnet is composed of at least three or more coils. Then, a multiphase alternating current or pulsating current is passed through each coil. Therefore, the current flowing in each coil changes in the direction of voltage and current, and the change has a constant phase difference according to the change of the multi-phase alternating current or the voltage of pulsating current flowing in the coil. . Therefore, in the power generator of the present invention, the electromotive force generated between the three or more trapping electrodes changes with a predetermined phase difference, and a multiphase alternating current or pulsating current is generated.

According to the third aspect of the invention, the electromagnet comprises a coil comprising a plurality of one-turn coils or a frame-shaped conductive plate. Therefore, in the electromagnet used in the power generator of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of the coil conductor is large. Therefore, a large current can be passed through the coil and a strong magnetic field can be generated. Further, in the electromagnet used in the present invention, the degree of adhesion between the conductors is high, and the leakage of magnetic flux is small.

In the power generator according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the electromagnet is constructed by combining a plurality of conductor groups each having one or more linear conductors. The conductor group is arranged around the fluid flow path, and two of the linear conductors of the conductor group are arranged.
A different voltage is applied between the points for each conductor group of each set, and a current is generated in the length direction of the linear conductor. Therefore, each conductor group passes a current that contributes to the generation of magnetic force lines in a direction that crosses the fluid flow path, and a current that generates useless magnetic force,
That is, the generation of magnetic force that does not contribute to power generation is small. Therefore, the electromagnet used in the present invention has a small reactance,
Since the strong magnetic field is generated, the power generation device of the present invention has high power generation efficiency.

Further, in the power generator according to the fifth aspect, since the linear conductor is plate-shaped, the cross-sectional area of the conductor is large. Therefore, a large current can be passed through the electromagnet used in the present invention, and a strong magnetic field can be generated. Further, in the electromagnet used in the present invention, the degree of adhesion between the conductors is high, and the leakage of magnetic flux is small.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, an ionized gas (plasma) is used as the working fluid, and arc discharge is used to generate the ionized gas. That is, in the power generator of the present invention, the multi-phase arc generating electrode is provided, and water is present around the multi-phase arc generating electrode.

Since the arc-generating electrodes used in the power generator of the present invention are of a multi-phase type, when arc discharge is generated between the arc-generating electrodes, the distance between the electrodes is 1000.
A high temperature of 0K occurs. In the power generator of the present invention,
Since water is present around the multi-phase arc generating electrode, the water instantly evaporates and a part of the water reaches an ionized state. Further, a part of the water becomes water gas and is separated into H ₂ and O ₂ and burns violently.

The high temperature gas generated by these passes through the magnetic field generated by passing an alternating current through the electromagnet, and an alternating current or a pulsating current is generated. When the high-temperature gas passes through the magnetic field, the surrounding water or water vapor moves together with the high-temperature gas, and the water or the like comes into contact with the capture electrode to cool the capture electrode. Therefore, melting of the capture electrode is prevented.

In the power generator according to the seventh aspect, the arc generating electrode is arranged in the fluid flow path, and water exists in the fluid flow path. Therefore, the water in the fluid flow path is directly heated. Is supplied to the magnetic field. In the power generator of the present invention, the fluid flow paths are connected in a ring, and the ionized gas that has passed through the magnetic field is
It is recovered as water and returns to the multiphase arc generating electrode again. Further, in the power generator of the present invention, since the combustion gas is supplied in the vicinity of the arc discharge portion between the arc generating electrodes, the combustion gas burns violently in the flow path to raise the ambient temperature of the surroundings. Therefore, the generation of ionized gas is further promoted.

Further, in the power generator of the present invention, when the rare gas is supplied near the arc discharge portion between the arc generating electrodes, the rare gas is ionized and gasified to perform MHD power generation.

[0027]

EXAMPLES Specific examples of the present invention will be described below. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main part of a power generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the power generator of FIG. FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of an electromagnet of the power generator of FIG. FIG. 4 is a development view of the fluid flow path of the power generation device of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a main part of a power generator according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a view on arrow A in FIG. FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 8 is a view of an electric power generator according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is equivalent to FIG. FIG. 9: is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of the electric power generating apparatus in the other Example of this invention. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the power generator of FIG.
FIG. 10A shows the peripheral portion of the arc generating electrode.
(B) shows the CC cross section of FIG. Figure 11
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a power generator according to a modified example of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a power generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention. The power generator 1 of the present embodiment is an application of the principle of MHD power generation, and is composed of a fluid flow path 2, a capture electrode 3 and an electromagnet 5. Explaining the configuration of each member, the fluid flow path 2 is a cylindrical tube and has rigidity that can withstand considerable pressure and temperature. The trapping electrode 3 traps the separated charges. The capture electrode 3 is preferably made of a material that can withstand a considerable high temperature, and is made of tungsten or another alloy or carbon.

The electromagnet 5 is a U-shaped iron core body 6 provided with a coil. That is, the core 6 of the electromagnet
Is a coil winding portion 10 having a gentle arc shape as shown in FIG.
And the leg portions 11 at both ends of the coil winding portion 10 that are bent substantially at right angles to the coil winding portion 10, and have a "U" shape as a whole. On the other hand, the coil is composed of a frame-shaped conductive plate 8, a connecting piece 9 and an insulating material (not shown) as shown in FIGS. The frame-shaped conductive plate 8 is made of a plate having excellent conductivity such as a copper plate, is a quadrangular plate as shown in FIG. 3, and has a square hole 12 in the center. There is. In addition, the frame-shaped conductive plate 8
Is partially cut, and one of the sides to which the cutting portion 13 belongs is bent around the cutting portion 13. The connection piece 9 is made of a copper plate,
It has a rectangular shape.

The electromagnet 5 is assembled by inserting the holes 12 of the frame-shaped conductive plate 8 into the coil-wound portion 10 of the core 6 as shown in FIG. being surrounded. A connection piece 9 is interposed near the cut portion 13 of the frame-shaped conductive plate 8, a frame-shaped conductive plate 8 separate from the above is inserted, and a large number of frame-shaped conductive plates 8 are sequentially stacked. An insulating material (not shown) is arranged between the frame-shaped conductive plates 8.

Therefore, in the electromagnet 5 used in this embodiment,
The majority of one frame-shaped conductive plate 8 is kept insulated from the adjacent frame-shaped conductive plates 8, and each frame-shaped conductive plate 8 acts as a one-turn coil. Further, since the frame-shaped conductive plate 8 is electrically connected to the front and rear frame-shaped conductive plates 8 by the connecting pieces 9, the large number of frame-shaped conductive plates 8 function as a coil as a whole.

In the power generator 1 of this embodiment, the electromagnet 5 is
Three pieces are used as a set. That is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, three electromagnets 5 form a pair and are arranged on the same plane around the fluid flow path 2. Electromagnet 5 and fluid flow path 2
The mounting relationship is such that the end surface of the leg portion 11 of the electromagnet 5 is in contact with the side surface of the fluid flow path 2. In the power generator 1 of this embodiment, four pairs of the electromagnets 5 are provided in the fluid flow path 2 in the axial direction. In addition, the capture electrode 3
Are arranged between the adjacent leg portions 11 in the plane of the pair of (3) electromagnets, and the end surface of the capture electrode 3 is exposed inside the fluid flow path 2.

Next, the operation of the power generator 1 of this embodiment will be described. In the power generator 1 of this embodiment, each electromagnet 5 has
External wiring as shown in FIG. 2 is made. That is, each terminal of the symmetrical three-phase star power source 27 is wired to one terminal of each electromagnet 5. The neutral point Y of the power supply 27 is connected to the other terminal of each electromagnet. Therefore, the legs 11 of the individual electromagnets 5
An N pole or an S pole appears on the end face of the. For example, at a certain moment, the N pole or the S pole appears in the fluid flow path 2 as shown in FIG. The polarity of the leg 11 and the strength of the magnetic force change with time. Further, the polarities and magnetic forces of the adjacent electromagnets 5 have a phase difference of 2π / 3 (rad). Therefore, in the fluid flow path 2, the magnetic field crossing the periphery of the capture electrode 3 changes its direction and intensity with time. In addition, the change in the magnetic field between the neighboring trapping electrodes 3 has a phase difference of 2π / 3 (rad).

In the power generator 1 of the present invention, the working fluid is passed through the fluid passage 2 while the three-phase alternating current is supplied to each electromagnet 5 in the above-mentioned state. As the working fluid, for example, ionized gas or molten metal can be adopted. It is also possible to use seawater as the working fluid.

When the working fluid is passed through the fluid flow path 2, the charge is separated by the principle of MHD power generation as described in the section of the prior art, and an electromotive force is generated in each capture electrode 3. And
Particularly, in the power generator 1 of the present embodiment, the direction and strength of the magnetic field that traverses the periphery of the trapping electrode 3 change with time. Therefore, the electromotive force appearing on the trapping electrode 3 changes in voltage and its sign with time. Furthermore, in the power generator 1 of the present embodiment, the change in the magnetic field of the surroundings of the capture electrode 3 has a phase difference of 2π / 3 (rad), so that three-phase alternating current appears in the capture electrode 3. Become. In the power generator 1 of this embodiment, among the trapping electrodes 3 of each set, those in the same row in the axial direction of the fluid flow path 2 generate electromotive force of the same phase.
These can be used by connecting them in series or in parallel.

In the power generator 1 described above, as the coil of the electromagnet 5, the frame-shaped conductive plate 8 and the connecting piece 9 are alternately stacked. Electromagnet 5 disclosed in this embodiment
The configuration (1) is particularly desirable because a large current can be passed because the coil has a large cross-sectional area and a strong magnetic field can be generated. Further, in the electromagnet 5 according to the present embodiment, a one-turn coil is formed by the frame-shaped conductive plate 8, and the coil is formed by a plate-shaped conductor. Large joint area.

Therefore, the electromagnet 5 used in this embodiment is
The leakage of magnetic flux is small and a stronger magnetic field can be formed. In the present embodiment, the shape of the frame-shaped conductive plate 8 is partially cut, but other than this,
A "U" shape or a "C" shape can be adopted.
In addition, using one-turn coils of shapes other than these,
It is also possible to configure the electromagnet of the power generator. Of course, the power generator of the present invention can also use a normal electromagnet or a superconducting magnet as a magnet for generating a magnetic field.

Next, another power generator using a characteristic electromagnet will be described with reference to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7. To simplify the description, the same members as those in the previous embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the duplicated description will be omitted.

In FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, reference numeral 20 denotes the power generator of this embodiment. The power generator 20 is composed of the fluid flow path 2, the trapping electrode 3 and the electromagnet 21 as in the previous embodiment. The electromagnet 21 used in this embodiment is composed of six pieces of first connecting members 23, a large number of linear conductors 25, and one second connecting member 26. That is, the first connecting member 23 is made of a conductive material such as copper and is a fan-shaped member as shown in FIGS. Six first connecting members 23 are placed on the same plane. When the six connecting members 23 are arranged on the same plane, the first connecting member 23 has a substantially annular shape.

The straight conductor 25 is also made of copper or the like, and in the present embodiment, has a plate shape, in other words, a strip shape. The second connecting member 26 has an annular shape with a hole at the center, as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. The second connecting member 26 is also made of copper. In the power generator 20 of the present embodiment, six first connecting members 23 are provided upright at predetermined positions on the outer peripheral surface of the fluid passage 2. First connection member 2
All 3 are on the same plane, and are provided on a surface perpendicular to the central axis of the fluid flow path 2. In addition, a gap is provided between each of the first connecting members 23 to ensure insulation.

The second connecting member 26 is parallel to the first connecting member 23 and is erected on the outer peripheral surface of the fluid flow path 2 in a state in which a predetermined space is provided with respect to the first connecting member 23. ing. The linear conductor 25 is passed between the first connecting member 23 and the second connecting member 26. Each straight conductor 25
An insulating material (not shown) is sandwiched between the
Insulation is ensured between the straight conductors 25.

The relationship between the first connecting member 23, the second connecting member 26, and the linear conductor 25 is that a large number of linear conductors 25 are grouped together in a fixed number to form six conductor groups, and one end of each conductor group is Are connected to the first connecting member 23, and the other ends of the conductor groups are all connected to the second connecting member 26. That is, when these relationships are electrically viewed, the group of linear conductors 25 is connected in parallel between the first connecting member 23 and the second connecting member 26 to which the linear conductor 25 belongs. All the conductor groups are connected together via the second connecting member 26.

Next, the operation of the power generator 20 of this embodiment will be described. The external wiring of the power generation device 20 of this embodiment is
It is like FIG. 5 and FIG. That is, two adjacent first connecting members 23 form a set and are connected to one terminal a of the three-phase power supply 27, and two adjacent first connecting members 23 form a set that form the three-phase power supply 27. The two remaining first connecting members 23 connected to the terminal b are connected to the terminal c. The neutral point is connected to the second connection terminal 26. That is, different voltages are applied between the two points of the straight conductors 25 of the conductor group for each conductor group of each set, and the wires are arranged so as to generate a current in the length direction of the straight conductors.

Then, in the above-mentioned connected state, the three-phase power source 2
When electricity is applied to each first connection member 23 from 7, a rotating magnetic field is generated in the fluid flow path 2. Explaining this point in more detail, for example, it is assumed that the terminal a has a positive potential with respect to the neutral point and the terminal b has a negative potential with respect to the neutral point at a certain moment. At this time, the current is from the first connecting member 23 to the second connecting member 2 with respect to the first connecting member 23 to which the terminal a is connected.
Current flows in the direction of 6. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, a clockwise magnetic field is generated from the linear conductor 25 sandwiched between these connecting members as viewed from the first connecting member 23.

First connecting member 23 to which one terminal b is connected
With respect to, the electric current flows from the second connecting member 26 to the first connecting member 23. Therefore, from the straight conductor 25 sandwiched between these connecting members, as shown in FIG.
A counterclockwise magnetic field is generated when viewed from above. Therefore, in the fluid flow path 2, a magnetic field in the direction of arrow M is generated as a combined magnetic field of the both.

The potentials of the terminals a, b and c change with time, and the potential change between the terminals is 2π /.
With a phase difference of 3 (rad). Therefore, the above-mentioned synthetic magnetic field A
The direction of changes with time and rotates.

In the power generator 20 of this embodiment, the working fluid is passed through the fluid passage 2 as in the previous embodiment. Then, the working fluid crosses the synthetic magnetic field, the charges are separated, and an electromotive force is generated in the trapping electrode 3. In the power generator 20 of this embodiment, the synthetic magnetic field becomes a rotating magnetic field and changes its direction, so that the potential generated in the trapping electrode 3 changes in polarity and voltage with time. The change in the potential of each trapping electrode 3 has a phase difference of 2π / 3 (rad). Therefore, the potential generated in the trapping electrode 3 can be extracted as a three-phase alternating current.

In the power generator 20 of this embodiment, the electromagnets are connected to the three-phase AC power supply terminal with the adjacent first connecting members 23 as a set. Instead of this, as shown in FIG. 8, the first connecting members 23 at the opposite positions are set as a set,
A configuration in which each power supply terminal for three-phase alternating current is connected is also possible.

In the three embodiments described above, three-phase alternating current is used as the power source for the electromagnets 5 and 21, but multi-phase alternating current such as two-phase alternating current and six-phase alternating current is used as the power source.
The electromagnets 5 and 21 may be operated. It is also possible to operate the electromagnet with a single-phase alternating current. For example, if a single-phase alternating current is input to the electromagnet of the power generator 20 shown in FIG. 5, an alternating magnetic field will be generated in the fluid flow path.
The alternating current obtained from the trapping electrode 3 is a single-phase alternating current.

In other words, by appropriately changing the number of phases of the power source of the electromagnet, the phase, or changing the arrangement and wiring of the electromagnet, the trapping electrode 3 is changed into single phase, two phase, three phase, four phase, and six phase.
It is possible to obtain various exchanges such as phases. Furthermore, the magnetic field in the fluid flow path can be changed by passing a pulsed or other pulsating current instead of alternating current through the electromagnets 5 and 21.

Next, the structure of a more practical power generator in which the above-described power generator 1 or 20 is partially incorporated will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. 9 and 10
In the figure, 30 indicates the entire power generation device of this embodiment.
The power generation device 30 of this embodiment includes a working fluid generation device and also has a function of effectively utilizing waste heat. That is, in the power generation device 30 of this embodiment, the MHD power generation unit 33 and the mechanical power generation unit 36 are continuously provided in the annular fluid flow path 32, and two sets of these are connected to each other to form an annular shape. Is.

The fluid flow path 32 is constituted by a tube having rigidity that can withstand a considerable pressure and temperature. The fluid flow path 32 is provided with a replenishment pipe 34 for replenishing water everywhere. And the fluid channel 3
Water or water vapor exists in 2 and the water or water vapor flows clockwise in the fluid passage 32 of FIG. 9. In this embodiment, when referring to water, it means both liquid water and steam-like water, and when there is a particular need, it is called “liquid water” or “steam”. .

The MHD power generator 33 includes an ionized gas generator and
It is composed of a power generation unit that follows this. The ionized gas generating part is composed of six arc generating electrodes 38 and one fuel gas supply pipe 39. Arc generating electrode 38
Is made of non-consumable electrodes such as carbon. And 6
The arc generating electrodes 38 of the book are inserted at equal intervals from the periphery of the fluid flow path 32 toward the center as shown in FIG. 10 (b), are inclined at a constant angle in the traveling direction of the fluid, and have a tip. The comrades are arranged so as to form a circle in the center of the fluid flow path 32. An electrode feeding device (not shown) is provided, and the amount of protrusion of the arc generating electrode 38 into the fluid flow path 32 can be adjusted. That is, although the arc generating electrode 38 is made of a non-consumable electrode, it is inevitable that part of it melts or burns and becomes short with the passage of time because it is exposed to extremely high temperatures. When the arc generating electrode 38 is shortened due to combustion or the like, the arc generating electrode 38 is extended to maintain the distance between the electrodes.

Explaining the connection state of the arc generating electrodes 38, the three arc generating electrodes 38 employed in this embodiment are electrically connected, and as shown in FIG. It is connected to each phase of the phase power supply 37. Each phase voltage is applied to each arc generating electrode 38 so that arc discharge is generated between the respective tips.

On the other hand, the fuel gas supply pipe 39 is a double pipe having an outer pipe 41 and a middle pipe 42. The fuel gas supply pipe 39 is inserted around the fluid flow path 32, and its tip is opened toward the center of the circle formed by the tip of the arc generating electrode 38. The outer pipe 41 of the fuel gas supply pipe 39 is connected to a combustible gas supply source such as hydrogen gas, methane gas, or ethane gas. The type of combustible gas supplied from the outer pipe 41 is not particularly limited, but hydrogen gas is preferably produced in the power generation device 30 of the present embodiment because hydrogen gas produces water as a result of combustion. The middle pipe 42 of the fuel gas supply pipe 39 is connected to an air supply source or an oxygen supply source. The gas supplied from the middle tube 42 can be either air or oxygen, but of both, air, particularly heated air, is recommended. The reason for this is that if oxygen is directly supplied, the arc generating electrode 38 burns and is consumed.

The power generation unit of the MHD power generation unit 33 is equivalent to the power generation device 1 described in the explanation of FIG. 1 and is equipped with a predetermined design change. That is, three electromagnets 5 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are arranged around the fluid flow path 32 as a set, and the set of electromagnets 5 are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the fluid flow path 32.
It is arranged in rows.

In this embodiment, the wiring of the electromagnets 5 is the same as that shown in FIG. 2, and one terminal of each electromagnet 5 is
Each terminal of the symmetrical three-phase star power supply 27 is wired, and the neutral point Y of the power supply 27 is connected to the other terminal of the electromagnet. Therefore, a magnetic field is generated inside the fluid flow path 32, and the direction and strength of the magnetic force lines change periodically with time. The trapping electrode 3 is the same as that described above, but the point different from the configuration described in FIG. 1 is that it is provided between groups of electromagnets 5. The capture electrode 3 is the same as in the case of FIG.
A set of books.

The downstream side of the MHD power generation section 33 is connected to the mechanical power generation section 36. More specifically, the downstream side of the MHD power generation unit 33 is directly connected to the fluid inlet of the turbine 48. The output shaft of the turbine 48 is connected to a generator (not shown). The fluid outlet of the turbine 48 is continuous with the other MHD power generation section 33. The downstream of the MHD power generation unit 33 is connected to the fluid inlet of another turbine 48, and the output of the turbine 48 continues to the MHD power generation unit 33 described first.

Downstream of the MHD power generator 33 and the turbine 4
A heat exchanger 49 for chlorofluorocarbon power generation is provided between the fluid inlets 8 of FIG. The CFC power generation heat exchanger 49 performs heat exchange using CFCs as a heat medium. The chlorofluorocarbon power generation heat exchanger 49 is connected to the turbine 50, and the output shaft of the turbine 50 is mechanically connected to a generator (not shown).

Next, the operation of the power generator 30 of this embodiment will be described. When operating the power generation device 30 of the present embodiment,
A three-phase AC power source 37 shown in FIG. 10B is energized to generate arc discharge between the arc generating electrodes 38. Further, when the arc generating electrode 38 is energized, fuel gas and air are discharged from the fuel gas supply pipe 39 toward the arc discharge.

When the arc generating electrode 38 is energized from a three-phase alternating current power source as used in this embodiment, arc discharge is generated at the same time as energizing the arc generating electrode 38.
Therefore, the power generator 30 can be started easily and can be automated. In the power generator 30 of the present embodiment, since the three-phase alternating current is supplied to the arc generating electrode 38, the total current of each phase is always 0, the ground wire is unnecessary, and the arc discharge does not require the counter electrode. It will be non-migratory. Therefore, the water around the arc generating electrode 38 is directly heated by the arc discharge. That is, the power generation device 30 of this embodiment
According to the report, water is heated with extremely high efficiency.

The temperature of the arc discharge reaches 4000 K to 10000 K, the surrounding water evaporates immediately and becomes water gas, which is separated into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. On the other hand, it should be noted here that the water heated by the arc discharge generated from the six electrodes using the three-phase alternating current as the power source, which is adopted in the present embodiment, is more than that generated by the usual electrolysis. Separated in several steps into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. The reason for this is that since a considerable current and voltage are applied to the water by the arc generating electrode 38, the surrounding water has an increased decomposition ability, and the water is exposed to an extremely high temperature due to the arc discharge. It is considered that a large amount of water is decomposed by the synergistic effect of both.

Further, since a large amount of ultraviolet rays and light waves are generated by the arc discharge, it is expected that the decomposition of water is also promoted by these actions. Furthermore, in this embodiment,
Since arc discharge is generated by the three-phase alternating current, a rotating magnetic field is generated at the tip of the arc generating electrode 38, and electromagnetic vibration is induced. Therefore, it is presumed that water decomposition is also promoted by the electromagnetic vibration. In addition, when the liquid water is rapidly heated by the Joule heat generated by the electric current or the arc discharge, a rapid thermal expansion of the water occurs and a violent detonation similar to thunder is generated. And as a result, a violent shock wave is generated at the same time. This shock wave is also expected to contribute to the decomposition of water.

A part of the hydrogen gas and the oxygen gas generated by the above-mentioned action is combusted, and in addition to this combustion, the combustion gas released from the fuel gas supply pipe 39 is combined with oxygen in the supply air. To burn. Therefore, an extremely large amount of heat is generated at the tip of the arc generating electrode 38 and its downstream side. Then, the steam is ionized and gasified by receiving the heat. On the other hand, since water exists around the arc generating electrode 38, the arc generating electrode 38 itself is cooled,
Little melting.

The ionized gasified water vapor flows at a high speed in the central portion of the fluid passage 32 as shown in FIG. Then, the ionized gasified water vapor traverses the magnetic field formed by the electromagnet 5 to cause separation of electric charges, and an electromotive force works. Then, this electromotive force is taken out by the trapping electrode 3, and a voltage is generated between the trapping electrodes 3. According to the power generator 30 of the present embodiment, the polarity and strength of the magnetic field in the fluid flow path 32 periodically change with time, so the voltage appearing between the capture electrodes 3 can be taken out as three-phase alternating current. .

In the power generator 30 of this embodiment, since water exists in the fluid flow path 32, the surrounding water (liquid) or water vapor which does not become ionized and gasified is accompanied by the movement of water vaporized by ionization. Moves. That is, in the power generation device 30 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, a gas or liquid layer 35 having a low temperature exists around the gas that is in the ionized gas state and flows at high temperature and high speed. Therefore, the temperature of the peripheral portion is relatively low, even though the temperature of the central portion of the fluid passage 32 is high. Therefore, the temperature rise of the trapping electrode 3 is suppressed, and the trapping electrode 3 is prevented from melting.

The ionized gasified water vapor is used in the MHD power generation unit 3
When passing 3, the energy required for power generation is taken away.
Further, the ionized gasified water vapor mixes with the surrounding water vapor or liquid water as it moves away from the arc generating electrode 38, and is gradually homogenized. That is, the vaporized water vapor,
Heat exchange is smoothly performed between normal steam and liquid water, and a large amount of steam is generated. And MHD power generation unit 3
Shortly after exiting 3, the fluid in the fluid flow path 32 is filled with water vapor. This steam enters the turbine 48 and rotates the turbine 48. Turbine 4 as described above
Reference numeral 8 is connected to a generator (not shown), and power is generated by the generator.

Most of the steam exiting the turbine 48 is liquefied and enters the other MHD power generation section 33. After that, the same steps as described above are repeated to generate power.

In addition to the above-described power generation, in the power generator 30 of this embodiment, a CFC power generation heat exchanger 49 is provided between the downstream side of the MHD power generation section 33 and the input side of the turbine 48. . In the CFC power generation heat exchanger 49, CFCs are vaporized and the pressure is further increased. The chlorofluorocarbon gas is supplied from the fluorocarbon heat exchanger 49 to the turbine 50, and the turbine 50 also generates electric power.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, the structure including the fuel gas supply pipe 39 is adopted, and the gas is supplied from the fuel gas supply pipe 39 to burn in the fluid passage 32. This configuration is recommended because it can efficiently generate a large amount of heat, but the present invention can be realized by omitting the fuel gas supply pipe 39 and merely by performing arc discharge of the arc generating electrode. In the case where the power generation device of the present invention is configured only by the arc discharge of the arc generating electrode, the fluid flow path 32
A part of the water flowing through may burn by the intense heating and impact of the arc discharge to generate energy.

Further, in the above embodiment, six arc generating electrodes were adopted, and a three-phase alternating current was applied thereto.
In addition, the number between the arc generating electrodes can be increased or decreased by a multiple of 3, for example, when three-phase alternating current is used. The power supply is not limited to the three phases used in this embodiment, and six-phase or more alternating currents can be used.

In the description of the operation of the embodiment, FIG. 10 exemplifies the configuration in which the ionized water vapor is in direct contact with the trapping electrode 3. Such a configuration in which the working fluid in the ionized state is brought into direct contact with the capture electrode 3 is a common sense mode of MHD power generation. However, in the power generator 30 of the present embodiment, even if the water vapor in the ionized state and the trapping electrode 3 are exceptionally separated, the power can be taken out. That is, in the power generation device 30 of the present embodiment, since water exists in the fluid passage 32,
The water acts as a conductor.

In the above embodiments, the phase state of water in the fluid passage 32, that is, whether the water is liquid or gas or ionized gas, is determined by the amount of combustion gas and arc discharge. It depends on the amount of current. Therefore, the above description merely shows an ideal state, and may differ from the above description depending on the situation. For example, the turbine 48 may be mixed with steam and liquid water, or the area between the arc generating electrodes may be almost filled with water vapor.

The power generation device 30 of the previous embodiment has been described as one in which water is heated to generate steam, and the steam is ionized and gasified to perform MHD power generation. However, the power generator of the present invention is not limited to one that performs MHD power generation by ionizing vaporized gas.
A configuration in which another fluid is ionized and gasified to generate MHD power is also possible. Next, as a modified embodiment of the present invention, a configuration will be described in which rare gas is ionized and gasified to perform MHD power generation. In the configuration of the modified embodiment, the same members as those in the previous embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals, and the duplicated description will be omitted.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view showing a main part of a power generator according to a modified embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 shows a portion corresponding to FIG. 10 (a) of the previous embodiment. In the power generator 30 of the present embodiment, the gas supply pipe 62 is a single-layer pipe. A rare gas such as argon or helium is supplied from the gas supply pipe 62. Further, in the power generator of this embodiment, a seeds supply pipe 63 is provided in addition to the gas supply pipe 62. An alloy 65 containing thin metal potassium or metal cesium is inserted into the seed supply pipe 63. Then, the wire is sequentially drawn out and sequentially supplied during the arc discharge.

In the power generator of this embodiment, the rare gas is injected from the gas supply pipe 62 toward the arc discharge. Then, the rare gas is heated to raise the temperature and is ionized and gasified. Here, since the rare gas is easily ionized and gasified as compared with the water vapor of the previous embodiment, the ionized gas is smoothly generated. At the same time, the alloy 65 supplied from the seeds supply pipe 63 is melted,
Further vaporized and dispersed in the rare gas. Then, the ionized gasified rare gas containing a seed material such as potassium flows downstream, passes through the magnetic field, and MHD power generation is performed. Also in the power generator of this example, since the surrounding water also moves with the movement of the rare gas, the trapping electrode 3 is cooled.

In the power generator of this embodiment, the gas supply pipe 62
Although only rare gas was supplied from the above, of course, together with the rare gas, combustion gas and oxygen were also supplied, and by combustion of the combustion gas,
A configuration that supplements the amount of heat generated is also possible. Further, in the power generator of the present embodiment, the seed material was supplied by the thinned metal potassium or alloy 65 containing metal cesium. The reason for adopting the configuration as in this embodiment is as follows. First of all, regarding the reason for thinning the sheath material,
This is to facilitate the supply of the seed material.

The reason why the seed material is alloyed is that in the case of a simple substance such as potassium, the reactivity is high and it is difficult to control the supply amount. However, the seed material can also be supplied by directly supplying powdered metal cesium or the like to the arc discharge. It is also possible to manufacture the arc generating electrode with an alloy containing a sheath material and supply the sheath material little by little as the arc generating electrode melts by heat. Further, a method in which the circumference of the arc generating electrode is covered with a sheath material or the like and the sheath material is melted by the heat generated by the arc discharge may be considered. The supply of the seed material as used in this embodiment is of course applicable to the power generation device 30 of the previous embodiment.

In the power generator described with reference to FIGS. 9 to 11,
The configuration of the MHD power generation unit 33 includes the power generation device 1 described in FIG.
However, instead of this, the power generation device 20 described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 8 can be used.

[0082]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The power generation device of the present invention has the effect of being capable of alternating current power generation, while generating power according to the principle of MHD power generation. That is, the power generator of the present invention is
While having the advantage of MHD power generation that the structure is simple,
It is possible to generate alternating current and has an effect of greatly contributing to the practical application of MHD power generation.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, three or more trapping electrodes are provided, and a multiphase alternating current or pulsating flow is made to flow in each coil, and the magnetic fields in the fluid flow paths have predetermined mutual magnetic fields. Changes while maintaining the phase difference. Therefore, in the power generator according to the second aspect, the electromotive force generated between the three or more trapping electrodes changes with a predetermined phase difference, and a multi-phase alternating current or pulsating current can be generated.

In the power generator according to claim 3, the electromagnet comprises:
Since the conductor forming the coil is composed of a large number of one-turn coils or a frame-shaped conductive plate, the cross-sectional area of the conductor of the coil is large and a large current can be passed through the coil.
In addition, in the electromagnet used in the present invention, the degree of adhesion between the conductors is high and the leakage of magnetic flux is small. Therefore, the electromagnet used in the present invention can generate a strong magnetic field in the fluid passage. As a result, the power generator according to claim 3 has an effect of generating a large amount of electric power.

In the power generator according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, each conductor group forming the electromagnet passes a current that contributes to generate a magnetic line of force in a direction traversing the fluid passage, and a small amount of current that generates a useless magnetic force. Therefore, the electromagnet used in the present invention has a small reactance and generates a strong magnetic field.
Therefore, the power generation device of the present invention has an effect of high power generation efficiency.

Further, in the power generator according to the fifth aspect, since the linear conductor is plate-shaped, the conductor has a large cross-sectional area, a large current can flow, and a strong magnetic field can be generated. Therefore, the power generation device according to claim 5 has an effect of being able to generate alternating current of large power. Further, in the power generator of the present invention, the degree of adhesion between the conductors of the electromagnet is high, and the leakage of magnetic flux is small. Therefore, the power generator according to claim 5 is
It has the effect of high power generation efficiency. In the power generator according to the sixth aspect, the multi-phase arc generating electrode is provided, and water is present around the multi-phase arc generating electrode. Since the arc electrode used in the power generator of the present invention is of a multi-phase type, when an arc discharge is generated between the arc generating electrodes, an extremely high temperature is generated between the electrodes. Then, the water around the arc generating electrode is instantly evaporated, and a part of the water reaches the ionized state.

In the power generator according to the sixth aspect, the high temperature gas thus generated passes through the magnetic field to generate power.
Then, in the power generator of the present invention, when the high temperature gas passes through the magnetic field, the surrounding water or water vapor moves together with the high temperature gas, contacts the capture electrode, and cools the capture electrode. Therefore, the power generator of the present invention has an effect of preventing melting of the trapping electrode. . Further, in the past, it was difficult to make a high temperature state of 3000 K or more, but according to the present invention, this is easy, a gas in a plasma state can be smoothly generated, and ionization of a working fluid is significantly promoted. effective.

In the power generator according to claim 7, since the arc generating electrode is arranged in the fluid flow passage and water exists in the fluid flow passage, the water in the fluid flow passage is directly heated. Is supplied to the magnetic field. In the power generator of the present invention, the fluid flow paths are connected in a ring, and the ionized gas that has passed through the magnetic field is
It is recovered as water and returns to the multiphase arc generating electrode again. As described above, in the power generator according to the seventh aspect, power is generated by circulating water or water vapor in the flow path, so that all energy of water is reduced and effectively used. Therefore, the power generator according to claim 7 has an effect of good efficiency in AC power generation. Further, in the power generator of the present invention, since the combustion gas is supplied in the vicinity of the arc discharge portion between the arc generating electrodes, the combustion gas burns violently in the flow path to raise the ambient temperature and generate power. It has the effect of further improving efficiency.

In the power generator of the present invention, when the rare gas is supplied to the vicinity of the arc discharge portion between the arc generating electrodes, the rare gas is ionized and gasified, so that there is an effect that the alternating-current power is generated more efficiently. .

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main part of a power generator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a cross-sectional view of the power generator of FIG.

3 is an exploded perspective view of an electromagnet of the power generator of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a development view of a fluid flow path of the power generator of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a main part of a power generator according to another embodiment of the present invention.

6 is a view on arrow A in FIG.

7 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 8 is an arrow view of a power generation device according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is equivalent to FIG.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a power generator according to another embodiment of the present invention.

10 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of the power generator of FIG.
(A) shows the periphery of the arc generating electrode, (b) shows
The CC cross section of (a) is shown.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a power generator according to a modified example of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional power generator.

FIG. 13 is an explanatory diagram showing the entire conventional MHD power generation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1,20,30 Power generator 2 Fluid flow path 3 Capture electrode 5,21 Electromagnet 6 Core body 8 Frame-shaped conductive plate 9 Connection piece 23 First connection member 25 Straight conductor 26 Second connection member 27 Three-phase power supply 33 MHD power generation part 38 arc generating electrode 39 fuel gas supply pipe 48 turbine 62 gas supply pipe 63 seeds supply pipe

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. A power generator comprising a fluid flow path, an electromagnet, and a trapping electrode, wherein a fluid is passed through a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet to generate a voltage between the trapping electrodes. A power generator characterized by being supplied with an electric current. 2. A power generator comprising a fluid flow path, an electromagnet, and a trapping electrode, which allows a fluid to pass through a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet and generates a voltage between the trapping electrodes, the electromagnet comprising three or more trapping electrodes. Is composed of at least three or more coils, and a multi-phase alternating current or pulsating current flows in each coil. 3. The electromagnet comprises a core and a large number of one-turn coils or frame-shaped conductive plates, and the one-turn coil or frame-shaped conductive plate surrounds the core and is insulated from each other except for the end portions. The power generator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of one-turn coils or a series of coils are formed by a plurality of frame-shaped conductive plates. 4. The electromagnet has a structure in which a plurality of conductor groups each having one or more linear conductors are combined and each conductor group is arranged around a fluid flow path, and the conductor group has a straight line. A different voltage is applied between the two points of each conductor group between the conductors to generate a current in the lengthwise direction of the linear conductor to generate a rotating magnetic field or an alternating magnetic field in the fluid flow path. The power generator according to claim 1, wherein a fluid is passed through the alternating magnetic field. 5. In the structure of the electromagnet, the linear conductor is plate-shaped, one end of the plurality of conductor groups is electrically connected by the first connecting member, and the other end of the plurality of conductor groups is a plurality for each conductor group. 5. The power generator according to claim 4, wherein the power generator is electrically connected by the second connecting member. 6. A multi-phase arc generating electrode is provided, and water is present around the multi-phase arc generating electrode, and an arc discharge is generated between the arc generating electrodes to produce a high temperature gas, The power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the high-temperature gas is passed through the magnetic field to generate electric power. 7. The fluid flow path is connected in an annular shape, water is present in the fluid flow path, the arc generating electrodes are arranged in the fluid flow path, and the arc generating electrodes are located in the vicinity of the arc discharge portion. The at least one of combustion gas and rare gas is supplied to the power generator according to claim 1.