JPH07266068A - Method for laser beam welding aluminum or aluminum alloy member - Google Patents
Method for laser beam welding aluminum or aluminum alloy memberInfo
- Publication number
- JPH07266068A JPH07266068A JP6061784A JP6178494A JPH07266068A JP H07266068 A JPH07266068 A JP H07266068A JP 6061784 A JP6061784 A JP 6061784A JP 6178494 A JP6178494 A JP 6178494A JP H07266068 A JPH07266068 A JP H07266068A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- laser beam
- welding
- laser
- members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Abstract
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、突き合わせ部にギャッ
プを有する２個のアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金部
材をレーザ溶接するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金
部材のレーザ溶接方法に関し、特に前記ギャップの幅が
０．０１ｍｍ以上の場合であっても適用できるアルミニ
ウム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法に関す
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a laser welding method for aluminum or aluminum alloy members, in which two aluminum or aluminum alloy members having a gap in a butt portion are laser-welded, and particularly, the width of the gap is 0.01 mm or more. The present invention relates to a laser welding method for aluminum or aluminum alloy members which can be applied even in the case of.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】近年、自動車、鉄道車両及び船舶等の輸
送機等においては、燃費の向上及び高速化の要求から、
より軽量な構造が採用されるようになった。そして、こ
れらの構造物の材料として、近年、軽量であることか
ら、鉄鋼材料に変えてアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合
金部材（以下、単に「アルミニウム部材」という）が使
用されるようになった。アルミニウム部材には、圧延法
により形成された圧延材、押出加工により形成された押
出形材及び鋳造により形成された鋳物材等があり、構造
物においても、これらのアルミニウム部材を溶接したも
のが使用されている。2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, in transportation machines such as automobiles, railway vehicles and ships, there is a demand for improved fuel economy and higher speed.
Lighter weight structures have been adopted. In recent years, aluminum or aluminum alloy members (hereinafter simply referred to as "aluminum members") have been used as materials for these structures because of their light weight, instead of steel materials. Aluminum members include rolled materials formed by the rolling method, extruded shape materials formed by extrusion processing, and casting materials formed by casting, and also for structures, those obtained by welding these aluminum members are used. Has been done.
【０００３】従来、アルミニウム部材は、主にアーク溶
接等により接合されて構造物に組み込まれている。アル
ミニウム部材のアーク溶接においては、通常、突き合わ
せ部に、Ｙ型開先、Ｖ型開先又はＵ型開先を設けてい
る。Conventionally, aluminum members are mainly joined by arc welding or the like and incorporated in a structure. In arc welding of aluminum members, a Y-shaped groove, a V-shaped groove or a U-shaped groove is usually provided at the abutting portion.
【０００４】しかし、アルミニウム部材をアーク溶接す
る溶接方法においては、大電流が必要であると共に、溶
接熱により部材に変形、歪み及び残留応力が発生すると
いう問題点がある。また、変形、歪み及び残留応力を除
去するための処理が必要であり、煩雑であると共に、処
理コストが必要であるため、製品コストの上昇を招来す
るという問題点がある。更に、溶接時にスパッタ等が飛
散して部材の外観を損ない、商品価値が低減する虞れが
あるという難点もある。However, in the welding method for arc welding an aluminum member, there are problems that a large current is required and that the member is deformed, distorted and residual stress is generated by the welding heat. Further, there is a problem that a process for removing the deformation, strain and residual stress is required, which is complicated and requires a processing cost, resulting in an increase in product cost. Further, there is also a problem that spatters or the like are scattered at the time of welding to impair the external appearance of the member and the commercial value may be reduced.
【０００５】ところで、レーザ溶接法は、そのエネルギ
ー密度が高いことから、高速、高能率且つ低ひずみの溶
接方法として鋼材等の溶接方法に広く使用されている。
近年、前述したアーク溶接によるアルミニウム部材の溶
接の欠点を解消すべく、アルミニウム部材をレーザ溶接
法により接合することが試みられている。The laser welding method, which has a high energy density, is widely used as a welding method for high-speed, high-efficiency and low-strain steel materials.
In recent years, joining of aluminum members by laser welding has been attempted in order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of welding of aluminum members by arc welding.
【０００６】[0006]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかしながら、従来の
レーザ溶接法においては、アルミニウム部材同士を突き
合わせ溶接する場合に、レーザ光のビーム径が極めて小
さいため開先ギャップ幅を可及的に小さくすることが必
要であると考えられていた。即ち、レーザ溶接において
は、開先ギャップは０であることが好ましいが、実際の
作業においてはギャップは必然的に発生する。従来のレ
ーザ溶接方法においては、部材間にギャップがある場合
に、レーザ光が双方の部材に均一に照射されるように、
レーザ光の光軸をギャップの中心に配置する。しかし、
ギャップ部においては、レーザ光がギャップを通過し、
溶接に必要なエネルギーが被溶接部材に十分に吸収され
ないため、接合に必要な溶湯が不足し、溶湯が部材間を
連絡することができず、所謂接合不能の状態になる。However, in the conventional laser welding method, when aluminum members are butt-welded to each other, the beam diameter of the laser beam is extremely small, so that the groove gap width is made as small as possible. Was considered necessary. That is, in laser welding, the groove gap is preferably 0, but in actual work, the gap is inevitably generated. In the conventional laser welding method, when there is a gap between the members, laser light is uniformly irradiated to both members,
The optical axis of the laser light is arranged at the center of the gap. But,
In the gap part, laser light passes through the gap,
Since the energy required for welding is not sufficiently absorbed by the members to be welded, the molten metal required for joining is insufficient, and the molten metal cannot communicate between the members, resulting in a so-called unjoinable state.
【０００７】従って、従来のレーザ溶接方法においてア
ルミニウム部材を突き合わせ溶接する場合には、被溶接
部材の突き合わせ側の端面を高精度に機械加工して平坦
化にすると共に、双方の部材を強く押さえ付けるための
治具が必要であり、極めて煩雑である。Therefore, when the aluminum members are butt-welded in the conventional laser welding method, the end faces of the butt side of the members to be welded are machined with high precision to be flat and both members are strongly pressed. A jig is needed for this, and it is extremely complicated.
【０００８】本発明はかかる問題点に鑑みてなされたも
のであって、若干のギャップ（０．０１ｍｍ以上のギャ
ップ）が存在していても支障なく溶接を実施することが
できるアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ
溶接方法を提供することを目的とする。The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an aluminum or aluminum alloy member capable of performing welding without trouble even if there is a slight gap (gap of 0.01 mm or more). An object of the present invention is to provide a laser welding method.
【０００９】[0009]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明に係るアルミニウ
ム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法は、突き
合わせ部に０．０１ｍｍ以上のギャップが存在するアル
ミニウム又はアルミニウム合金製第１及び第２の部材を
レーザ光により溶接するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム
合金部材のレーザ溶接方法であって、前記第１及び第２
の部材のいずれか一方の部材の前記突き合わせ部側の表
面端部にレーザ光をその全ビーム面積の５０％以上（但
し、１００％を含まず）を照射し前記一方の部材の表面
側から裏面側に到達する貫通溶込部を形成して溶接を実
施することを特徴とする。A method for laser welding an aluminum or aluminum alloy member according to the present invention is a laser welding of a first and a second member made of aluminum or aluminum alloy having a gap of 0.01 mm or more at a butted portion. A method of laser welding an aluminum or aluminum alloy member by light welding, comprising:
50% or more (however, not including 100%) of the total beam area of the surface end portion of one of the members on the side of the abutting portion is irradiated to irradiate the laser beam from the front surface side to the back surface of the one member. It is characterized in that a penetration penetration portion reaching the side is formed and welding is performed.
【００１０】[0010]
【作用】本発明においては、溶接すべき第１及び第２の
部材のいずれか一方の部材の端部にレーザ光の全ビーム
面積の５０％以上（但し、１００％を含まず）を照射し
て、前記一方の部材の表面側から裏面側に到達する貫通
溶込部を形成することにより、ギャップを通過し無駄と
なるレーザ光のエネルギーを低減する。即ち、本発明に
おいては、レーザ光の半分以上のエネルギーを前記一方
の部材に確実に照射して多量の溶湯を形成するので、ギ
ャップが０．０１ｍｍ以上の場合であっても、第１及び
第２の部材間を溶湯が連絡し、この溶湯が凝固すること
により第１及び第２の部材を接合することができる。In the present invention, the end portion of one of the first and second members to be welded is irradiated with 50% or more (not including 100%) of the total beam area of the laser beam. By forming a penetrating penetration portion that reaches from the front surface side to the back surface side of the one member, the energy of the laser light that passes through the gap and is wasted is reduced. That is, in the present invention, since the one member is surely irradiated with energy of not less than half of the laser beam to form a large amount of molten metal, even when the gap is 0.01 mm or more, the first and The molten metal communicates between the two members and the molten metal solidifies to join the first and second members.
【００１１】ギャップの幅が極めて大きいと、本発明に
おいても溶接は不可能になるが、本発明においては、上
述の如く、一方の部材を優先的に溶融させて多量の溶湯
を形成させるため、接合可能のギャップ幅の最大値（ギ
ャップ裕度）は従来に比して著しく増大する。この場合
に、突き合わせ部におけるギャップ幅の上限は、部材の
材質、レーザ光源の種類及び出力等にもよるが、突き合
わせ部における部材の厚さの約６０％とすることが好ま
しい。If the width of the gap is extremely large, welding is not possible even in the present invention. However, in the present invention, one member is preferentially melted to form a large amount of molten metal as described above. The maximum value of the gap width that can be joined (gap tolerance) is significantly increased as compared with the conventional case. In this case, the upper limit of the gap width at the butted portion depends on the material of the member, the type of laser light source, the output, etc., but is preferably about 60% of the thickness of the member at the butted portion.
【００１２】なお、前記一方の部材を照射するレーザ光
のビーム面積が全ビーム面積の５０％未満の場合は、接
合に必要な溶湯を十分に得ることができない。また、前
記一方の部材を照射するレーザ光のビーム面積が全ビー
ム面積の１００％であると、前記一方の部材のみが溶融
し、所謂ビードオンプレートの状態となり、十分な接合
強度を得ることができない。このため、前記一方の部材
を照射するレーザ光のビーム面積は全ビーム面積の５０
％以上であり、且つ１００％未満であることが必要であ
る。なお、前記一方の部材を照射するレーザ光のビーム
面積のより好ましい範囲は、全ビームの面積の６７乃至
９５％、更に好ましい範囲は７５乃至９０％である。When the beam area of the laser beam for irradiating the one member is less than 50% of the total beam area, the molten metal required for joining cannot be sufficiently obtained. Further, when the beam area of the laser beam for irradiating the one member is 100% of the total beam area, only the one member is melted to be a so-called bead-on-plate state, and sufficient bonding strength can be obtained. Can not. Therefore, the beam area of the laser beam for irradiating the one member is 50% of the total beam area.
% Or more and less than 100%. A more preferable range of the beam area of the laser beam for irradiating the one member is 67 to 95%, and a more preferable range is 75 to 90%.
【００１３】本発明においては、上述の如く、十分な溶
湯を得ることができて、ギャップ裕度が従来に比して大
幅に増加すると共に接合強度が向上するが、更にギャッ
プ裕度を増大させるためには、前記一方の部材の突き合
わせ部側の端部に凸部又は第３の部材を設けることが好
ましい。この凸部又は第３の部材を溶融させることよ
り、溶湯の量をより一層増大させることができて、ギャ
ップ裕度が更に増大すると共に、接合強度が向上する。In the present invention, as described above, a sufficient molten metal can be obtained, and the gap allowance is greatly increased and the joint strength is improved as compared with the conventional one, but the gap allowance is further increased. For this purpose, it is preferable to provide a convex portion or a third member at the end of the one member on the side of the abutting portion. By melting the convex portion or the third member, the amount of molten metal can be further increased, the gap margin is further increased, and the bonding strength is improved.
【００１４】更に、本発明においては、レーザ光の半分
以上を一方の部材に優先的に照射するが、残部はギャッ
プ間に進入する。このギャップ間に進入するレーザ光を
有効に利用するために、レーザ光の光軸を前記一方の部
材の表面に対し傾斜させることが好ましい。これによ
り、ギャップ間に進入するレーザ光が他方の部材の突き
合わせ部側の端面を照射し、この他方の部材の突き合わ
せ面にレーザ光のエネルギーが吸収され、ギャップ間の
溶湯の供給量がより一層増大する。Further, in the present invention, one member is preferentially irradiated with half or more of the laser beam, but the remaining part enters the gap. In order to effectively use the laser light entering between the gaps, it is preferable to incline the optical axis of the laser light with respect to the surface of the one member. As a result, the laser beam entering the gap irradiates the end face of the other member on the abutting portion side, the energy of the laser beam is absorbed by the abutting face of the other member, and the amount of molten metal supplied between the gaps is further increased. Increase.
【００１５】この場合に、前記レーザ光の光軸と前記一
方の部材の表面とのなす角度θを、第１及び第２の部材
間のギャップ幅Ｗと一方の部材の突き合わせ部側の端部
における厚さｔとの正接角をθGT（θGT＝ｔａｎ-1（Ｗ
／ｔ））とした場合に、９０°−θGT≦θ≦９０°とす
ることが必要である。光軸の角度θが（９０°−θGT）
未満の場合は、貫通溶込部を形成することが極めて困難
になると共に、レーザ光が前記他方の部材の下端部を照
射することができないため、裏ビードの端部にアンダー
カット又は切欠き状の欠陥が生じる。一方、前記角度θ
が９０°を超えると、前記他方の部材にレーザ光が殆ど
照射されなくなり、アンダーカット及び切欠き状の欠陥
に加えて、前記一方の部材のみが溶融する所謂ビードオ
ンプレートの状態となり、突合せ溶接が不可能になる。
従って、レーザ光の光軸と前記一方の部材の表面とのな
す角度θは、９０°−θGT≦θ≦９０°とすることが必
要である。なお、前記角度θは、９０°−（θGT×７／
８）≦θ≦９０°−（θGT ／２）であることがより一層
好ましく、更に好ましい範囲は、９０°−（θGT／４）
−２°≦θ≦９０°−（θGT／４）＋２°である。In this case, the optical axis of the laser beam and the one
The angle θ formed between the surface of one member and the surface of the other member is
The gap width W between and the end of one member on the abutting part side
The tangent angle with the thickness t atGT(ΘGT= Tan-1(W
/ T)), 90 ° -θGT≦ θ ≦ 90 °
It is necessary to The angle θ of the optical axis is (90 ° -θGT)
If less than, it is extremely difficult to form a penetration penetration
And the laser light illuminates the lower end of the other member.
Since it can not be shot, under the end of the back bead
Cut or notch defects occur. On the other hand, the angle θ
If the angle exceeds 90 °, almost no laser light will be emitted to the other member.
No irradiation, undercut and notch-like defects
In addition to the so-called bead o
However, the butt welding becomes impossible.
Therefore, the optical axis of the laser beam and the surface of the one member should be
The angle θ is 90 ° -θGTMust be ≤ θ ≤ 90 °
It is important. The angle θ is 90 ° − (θGT× 7 /
8) ≦ θ ≦ 90 ° − (θGT / 2) is even more
A more preferable range is 90 °-(θGT/ 4)
-2 ° ≤ θ ≤ 90 °-(θGT/ 4) + 2 °.
【００１６】[0016]
【実施例】次に、本発明の実施例について、添付の図面
を参照して説明する。図１は本発明の実施例に係るアル
ミニウム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法を
示す上面図、図２は同じくその断面図である。先ず、接
合すべき２つのアルミニウム部材１，２の各端部を突き
合わせて配置し、Ｉ型開先を形成する。この場合に、ギ
ャップ幅Ｗの最大値が部材１，２の厚さの６０％以下で
あることが好ましい。Embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. 1 is a top view showing a laser welding method for an aluminum or aluminum alloy member according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view thereof. First, the ends of the two aluminum members 1 and 2 to be joined are placed in abutment with each other to form an I-shaped groove. In this case, the maximum value of the gap width W is preferably 60% or less of the thickness of the members 1 and 2.
【００１７】次に、部材１の突き合わせ部側の表面端部
にレーザ光を照射する。このとき、レーザ光の全ビーム
面積の５０％以上（但し、１００％を含まず）が部材１
の表面端部を照射すると共に、残部が部材２の端面を照
射するように、レーザ光源の照射位置及び照射角度を調
整する。また、部材１の上面側から下面側に到達する溶
込部４が形成されるように、レーザ光の出力を調整す
る。そして、レーザ光を部材１の端部に沿って移動さ
せ、図１に符号３で示す部分を連続的にレーザ照射す
る。レーザ照射により形成された溶湯により部材１，２
間が連絡され、この溶湯が凝固することにより、部材
１，２が接合（溶接）される。Next, a laser beam is applied to the end of the surface of the member 1 on the abutting side. At this time, 50% or more (not including 100%) of the total beam area of the laser light is the member 1
The irradiation position and the irradiation angle of the laser light source are adjusted so that the surface end of the laser light is irradiated and the rest of the surface of the member 2 is irradiated. Further, the output of the laser light is adjusted so that the penetration portion 4 reaching from the upper surface side to the lower surface side of the member 1 is formed. Then, the laser light is moved along the end portion of the member 1, and the portion indicated by reference numeral 3 in FIG. 1 is continuously irradiated with laser light. The members 1 and 2 are made of molten metal formed by laser irradiation.
The members 1 and 2 are joined (welded) by connecting the spaces and solidifying the molten metal.
【００１８】本実施例においては、部材１にレーザ光の
全ビーム面積の５０％以上を照射することにより多量の
溶湯を形成するので、ギャップ裕度が大きく、ギャップ
幅が比較的大きい場合も、突き合わせ溶接が可能であ
る。また、本実施例においては、ポロシティ欠陥及び溶
け落ち欠陥の発生を抑制でき、アルミニウム部材を安定
して溶接することができる。In this embodiment, since a large amount of molten metal is formed by irradiating the member 1 with 50% or more of the total beam area of the laser beam, the gap margin is large and the gap width is relatively large. Butt welding is possible. In addition, in this embodiment, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of porosity defects and burn-through defects, and it is possible to stably weld aluminum members.
【００１９】本実施例においては、レーザ溶接の溶接条
件は特に限定されるものではない。例えば、本実施例に
おいては、レーザ溶接に際して、特にワイヤ等の添加材
を供給する必要はない。しかし、余盛が必要な場合に
は、ワイヤ等の添加材を供給して溶接を実施してもよ
い。この場合に、添加材の組成は、アルミニウム又はア
ルミニウム合金材であれば特に限定されるものではな
い。In this embodiment, the welding conditions for laser welding are not particularly limited. For example, in the present embodiment, it is not necessary to supply an additive material such as a wire during laser welding. However, if extra reinforcement is required, welding may be performed by supplying an additive material such as a wire. In this case, the composition of the additive material is not particularly limited as long as it is an aluminum or aluminum alloy material.
【００２０】また、本発明に係るレーザ溶接方法は、主
にアルミニウム押出形材同士の溶接に好適であるが、例
えばアルミニウム押出形材とアルミニウム圧延板材又は
アルミニウ鋳物材との接合に適用することもできる。更
に、本実施例は、圧延板同士、鋳物材同士又は圧延板と
鋳物材との接合に適用することもできる。Further, the laser welding method according to the present invention is mainly suitable for welding aluminum extruded profiles to each other, but may be applied to joining aluminum extruded profiles with an aluminum rolled plate material or an aluminum casting material, for example. it can. Furthermore, the present embodiment can be applied to joining rolled plates, casting materials, or joining a rolled plate and a casting material.
【００２１】更に、本実施例においては、レーザ光源の
種類等については特に制限されない。例えば、レーザ光
源としては、炭酸ガスレーザ及びＹＡＧレーザ等を使用
することができる。炭酸ガスレーザの場合は、出力が約
３ｋＷ以上であることが好ましく、ＹＡＧレーザの場合
は、出力が約１ｋＷ以上であることが好ましい。レーザ
光源の出力及び溶接速度等の条件は、レーザ光源の種
類、被加工部材の厚さ及び形状等に応じて適宜設定すれ
ばよい。また、シールドガスの流量は、溶接条件によっ
て異なるが、通常、約５〜３０リットル／分とすること
が好ましい。Further, in this embodiment, the kind of laser light source is not particularly limited. For example, a carbon dioxide gas laser, a YAG laser, or the like can be used as the laser light source. In the case of a carbon dioxide laser, the output is preferably about 3 kW or more, and in the case of a YAG laser, the output is preferably about 1 kW or more. The conditions such as the output of the laser light source and the welding speed may be appropriately set according to the type of laser light source, the thickness and shape of the member to be processed, and the like. Although the flow rate of the shield gas varies depending on the welding conditions, it is usually preferably about 5 to 30 liters / minute.
【００２２】次に、上述のレーザ溶接方法により実際に
アルミニウム合金部材の溶接を実施し、溶接状態を調べ
た結果について、比較例と比較して説明する。Next, the results of actually welding the aluminum alloy member by the above-mentioned laser welding method and examining the welding state will be described in comparison with a comparative example.
【００２３】先ず、図１に示すように、厚さが同一の２
枚の板状の部材１，２の端部を突き合わせ、Ｉ型開先を
形成した。そして、図３（ａ），（ｂ）及び下記表１に
示すようにレーザ光の照射位置を設定して溶接を実施
し、溶接部の溶接状態を調べた。溶接条件を下記表２に
示す。いずれの場合も、溶け込みが部材１の表面側から
裏面側に到達する貫通溶込部を形成した。First, as shown in FIG.
The ends of the plate-shaped members 1 and 2 were butted against each other to form an I-shaped groove. Then, as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B and Table 1 below, the irradiation position of the laser beam was set, welding was performed, and the welding state of the welded portion was examined. The welding conditions are shown in Table 2 below. In each case, a penetration penetration portion was formed in which penetration reached from the front surface side to the back surface side of the member 1.
【００２４】[0024]
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２５】[0025]
【表２】 [Table 2]
【００２６】図４，５は、横軸にレーザ照射位置をと
り、縦軸にギャップ裕度をとって、夫々部材１，２の厚
さが１ｍｍの場合（図４）及び２ｍｍの場合（図５）に
おける両者の関係を示すグラフ図である。但し、ギャッ
プ裕度は、図６（ａ）に示すように、溶込部５が部材
１，２間を連絡し、部材１，２が接合された場合を良、
図６（ｂ）に示すように、溶込部５が部材１，２間を連
絡しない場合を否とし、図６（ａ）に示す状態が維持で
きる最大ギャップ幅を調べることにより行った。In FIGS. 4 and 5, the laser irradiation position is plotted on the horizontal axis and the gap tolerance is plotted on the vertical axis, and the thicknesses of the members 1 and 2 are 1 mm (FIG. 4) and 2 mm (FIG. 4), respectively. It is a graph which shows the relationship of both in 5). However, the gap tolerance is good when the penetration part 5 connects the members 1 and 2 and the members 1 and 2 are joined, as shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6B, the case where the penetration portion 5 did not connect the members 1 and 2 was rejected, and the maximum gap width capable of maintaining the state shown in FIG. 6A was examined.
【００２７】この図４，５に示すように、本発明の実施
例においては、ギャップ裕度が大きいのに対し、比較例
１〜３はいずれもギャップ裕度が小さいものであった。As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, in the examples of the present invention, the gap allowance was large, whereas in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, the gap allowance was small.
【００２８】図７は、本発明の第２の実施例に係るレー
ザ溶接方法を示す模式図である。溶接すべき部材１１，
１２はいずれもアルミニウム合金板であり、部材１１の
突き合わせ部には溶接方向に延びる凸部１１ａが設けら
れている。この凸部１１ａを除いた部分の部材１１と部
材１２との厚さは同一である。部材１１，１２の下面を
揃えて突き合わせることにより、突き合わせ形状とし
た。そして、ギャップ幅Ｗを種々変えて、溶込が貫通溶
込となるようにレーザ溶接を実施した。溶接条件を下記
表３に示す。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a laser welding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Member to be welded 11,
Reference numeral 12 is an aluminum alloy plate, and the abutting portion of the member 11 is provided with a convex portion 11a extending in the welding direction. The thicknesses of the member 11 and the member 12 excluding the convex portion 11a are the same. The lower surfaces of the members 11 and 12 are aligned and abutted to form a butt shape. Then, the gap width W was variously changed and laser welding was performed so that the penetration was penetration penetration. The welding conditions are shown in Table 3 below.
【００２９】[0029]
【表３】 [Table 3]
【００３０】溶接結果を、下記表４に示す。但し、図８
（ａ）に示すように、溶込部１５が部材１１，１２間を
連絡し、部材１１，１２が接合された場合を○、図８
（ｂ）に示すように、溶込部１５が部材１１，１２間を
連絡しない場合を×で示した。また、比較のために、凸
部を有しない部材同士の接合についてもギャップ裕度を
調べた。The welding results are shown in Table 4 below. However, FIG.
As shown in (a), the case where the penetration portion 15 connects the members 11 and 12 and the members 11 and 12 are joined is indicated by ◯, FIG.
As shown in (b), the case where the penetration portion 15 does not connect the members 11 and 12 is indicated by x. For comparison, the gap tolerance was also examined for the joining of members having no convex portion.
【００３１】[0031]
【表４】 [Table 4]
【００３２】この表４から明らかなように、凸部を設け
た本実施例においては、凸部がない場合に比してギャッ
プ裕度が著しく増大した。As is clear from Table 4, in this embodiment provided with the convex portion, the gap tolerance was remarkably increased as compared with the case without the convex portion.
【００３３】また、凸部がある場合及び凸部がない場合
で、溶接後の溶接部の引張強度を調べた。その結果、凸
部を設けたものは、凸部がないものに比して引張強度が
約４０％向上した。このように、一方の部材の溶接線に
沿って凸部を設けることにより、ギャップ裕度がより一
層向上すると共に、継手強度も向上する。Further, the tensile strength of the welded portion after welding was examined with and without the convex portion. As a result, the tensile strength of the one provided with the convex portion was improved by about 40% as compared with the one having no convex portion. In this way, by providing the convex portion along the welding line of one member, the gap tolerance is further improved and the joint strength is also improved.
【００３４】図９は、本発明の第３の実施例に係るレー
ザ溶接方法を示す模式図である。本実施例においては、
溶接すべきアルミニウム部材２１，２２を突き合わせ、
部材２１上に溶接線に沿って延びる第３の部材２３を配
置した。そして、突き合わせ部を下記表５に示す条件で
溶接した。この場合に、溶込部が第３の部材２３の上面
側から部材２１の下面側に到達する貫通溶込となるよう
にした。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a laser welding method according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment,
Butt the aluminum members 21, 22 to be welded,
A third member 23 extending along the welding line was arranged on the member 21. Then, the butted portions were welded under the conditions shown in Table 5 below. In this case, the penetration portion is a penetration penetration reaching from the upper surface side of the third member 23 to the lower surface side of the member 21.
【００３５】[0035]
【表５】 [Table 5]
【００３６】溶接結果を下記表６に示す。但し、溶込部
が部材２１，２２間を連結し、部材２１，２２が接合さ
れた場合を○、溶込部が部材２１，２２間を連結しない
場合を×で示した。また、比較のために、第３の部材２
３を配設しない場合のギャップ裕度を併せて示した。The welding results are shown in Table 6 below. However, the case where the penetration part connects the members 21 and 22 and the members 21 and 22 are joined is indicated by ◯, and the case where the penetration part does not connect the members 21 and 22 is indicated by x. Also, for comparison, the third member 2
The gap tolerance when 3 is not provided is also shown.
【００３７】[0037]
【表６】 [Table 6]
【００３８】この表６から明らかなように、第３の部材
２３を設けた本実施例においては、第３の部材２３がな
い場合に比してギャップ裕度が著しく増大した。As is clear from Table 6, in this embodiment in which the third member 23 is provided, the gap tolerance is significantly increased as compared with the case where the third member 23 is not provided.
【００３９】図１０，１１は本発明の第４の実施例に係
るレーザ溶接方法を示す模式図である。本実施例におい
ては、アルミニウム合金からなり端部に凸部３１ａを有
する部材３１と、部材３１の端部よりも厚さが薄い部材
３２とを突き合わせて、突き合わせ形状とした。そし
て、部材３１の表面に対するレーザの光軸の角度θを種
々変化させて、下記表７に示す条件で溶込が貫通溶込と
なるようにレーザ溶接を行った。10 and 11 are schematic views showing a laser welding method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a member 31 made of an aluminum alloy and having a convex portion 31a at its end and a member 32 having a smaller thickness than the end of the member 31 are butted to each other to form a butted shape. Then, the angle θ of the optical axis of the laser with respect to the surface of the member 31 was variously changed, and laser welding was performed so that the penetration was penetration penetration under the conditions shown in Table 7 below.
【００４０】[0040]
【表７】 [Table 7]
【００４１】溶接結果を、下記表８に示す。但し、ギャ
ップ幅Ｗが０．５ｍｍのときの正接角θGTは、下記数式
１に示すように、約９．５°であり、ギャップが０．８
ｍｍのときの正接角θGTは、下記数式２に示すように、
約１５°である。The welding results are shown in Table 8 below. However, the tangent angle θ GT when the gap width W is 0.5 mm is about 9.5 ° as shown in the following formula 1, and the gap is 0.8.
The tangent angle θ GT in mm is as shown in the following mathematical formula 2.
It is about 15 °.
【００４２】[0042]
【数１】ｔａｎ-1（０．５／３）≒９．５（deg）[Equation 1] tan -1 (0.5 / 3) ≒ 9.5 (deg)
【００４３】[0043]
【数２】ｔａｎ-1（０．８／３）≒１５（deg）[Equation 2] tan −1 (0.8 / 3) ≈15 (deg)
【００４４】角度θは、９０°−θGT≦θ≦９０°であ
ることが好ましい。従って、下記表８において、ギャッ
プＷが０．５ｍｍのときは、光軸の角度θが８０．５乃
至９０°のものを実施例、それ以外のものを比較例とし
た。また、ギャップＷが０．８ｍｍのときは、光軸の角
度θが７５乃至９０°のものを実施例、それ以外のもの
を比較例とした。The angle θ is preferably 90 ° −θ GT ≦ θ ≦ 90 °. Therefore, in Table 8 below, when the gap W was 0.5 mm, the optical axis angle θ was 80.5 to 90 °, and the other examples were comparative examples. When the gap W is 0.8 mm, the optical axis angle θ is 75 to 90 °, and the other examples are comparative examples.
【００４５】[0045]
【表８】 [Table 8]
【００４６】この表８から明らかなように、レーザ光の
光軸と部材３１の表面とのなす角度θを、９０°−θGT
≦θ≦９０°とした実施例４〜９はいずれも良好な溶接
状態を得ることができたの対し、比較例４〜１４はいず
れも溶接不良が発生した。As is clear from Table 8, the angle θ formed by the optical axis of the laser beam and the surface of the member 31 is 90 ° -θ GT
In all of Examples 4 to 9 in which ≦ θ ≦ 90 °, good welding conditions could be obtained, whereas in Comparative Examples 4 to 14, poor welding occurred.
【００４７】[0047]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように本発明方法によれ
ば、レーザ光の全ビーム面積の５０％以上（但し、１０
０％を含まず）を第１又は第２の部材のいずれか一方に
照射して前記一方の部材の表面側から裏面側に貫通する
貫通溶込部を形成して溶接を行うので、ギャップ裕度が
大きく、従来必要とされていた突き合わせ面を高精度に
機械加工する工程及び部材を押さえつけるための強力な
治具が不要になる。また、本発明方法によれば、ポロシ
ティ欠陥及び溶け落ち欠陥の発生を抑制でき、アルミニ
ウム又はアルミニウム合金製の部材を安定して溶接する
ことが可能になり、高品位なアルミニウム溶接構造物を
製造することができる。更に、本発明によれば、溶接部
の強度が高く、機械的性能が優れていることから、自動
車、鉄道車輌及び船舶等の軽量化による燃費の向上等、
各種分野において多大な貢献をなす。As described above, according to the method of the present invention, 50% or more of the total beam area of laser light (however, 10
(Not including 0%) is radiated to either the first member or the second member to form a penetration penetration portion penetrating from the front surface side to the back surface side of the one member to perform welding. The high degree of precision eliminates the need for a process of machining the abutting surfaces with high precision and a powerful jig for pressing down the members, which have been conventionally required. Further, according to the method of the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of porosity defects and burn-through defects, and it is possible to stably weld members made of aluminum or aluminum alloy, and to manufacture a high-quality aluminum welded structure. be able to. Furthermore, according to the present invention, since the strength of the welded portion is high and the mechanical performance is excellent, the fuel consumption is improved by reducing the weight of automobiles, railway vehicles, ships, etc.,
Makes a great contribution in various fields.
【図１】本発明の実施例に係るアルミニウム又はアルミ
ニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法を示す上面図である。FIG. 1 is a top view showing a laser welding method for an aluminum or aluminum alloy member according to an embodiment of the present invention.
【図２】同じくその断面図である。FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the same.
【図３】（ａ），（ｂ）はいずれも実施例及び比較例に
おけるレーザ光の照射位置を示す模式図である。3A and 3B are schematic diagrams showing the irradiation positions of laser light in Examples and Comparative Examples.
【図４】部材の厚さが１ｍｍのときのレーザ照射位置と
ギャップ裕度との関係を示すグラフ図である。FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between a laser irradiation position and a gap allowance when the member has a thickness of 1 mm.
【図５】部材の厚さが２ｍｍのときのレーザ照射位置と
ギャップ裕度との関係を示すグラフ図である。FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between a laser irradiation position and a gap allowance when the member has a thickness of 2 mm.
【図６】（ａ）は良好な溶接状態を示す模式図、（ｂ）
は溶接不良の状態を示す模式図である。FIG. 6 (a) is a schematic view showing a good welding state, and FIG. 6 (b).
[Fig. 4] is a schematic view showing a state of poor welding.
【図７】本発明の第２の実施例に係るレーザ溶接方法を
示す模式図である。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a laser welding method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
【図８】（ａ）は良好な溶接状態を示す模式図、（ｂ）
は溶接不良の状態を示す模式図である。FIG. 8 (a) is a schematic view showing a good welding state, (b).
[Fig. 4] is a schematic view showing a state of poor welding.
【図９】本発明の第３の実施例に係るレーザ溶接方法を
示す模式図である。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a laser welding method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
【図１０】本発明の第４の実施例に係るレーザ溶接方法
を示す模式図である。FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a laser welding method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
【図１１】同じく第４の実施例に係るレーザ溶接方法を
示す模式図である。FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a laser welding method according to the fourth embodiment of the same.
１，２，１１，１２，２１，２２，３１，３２；アルミ
ニウム部材 ４，１５；溶込部 １１ａ，３１ａ；凸部 ２３；第３の部材1,2,11,12,21,22,31,32; Aluminum member 4,15; Penetration part 11a, 31a; Convex part 23; Third member
Claims (4)
ップが存在するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金製第
１及び第２の部材をレーザ光により溶接するアルミニウ
ム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法であっ
て、前記第１及び第２の部材のいずれか一方の部材の前
記突き合わせ部側の表面端部にレーザ光をその全ビーム
面積の５０％以上（但し、１００％を含まず）を照射し
前記一方の部材の表面側から裏面側に到達する貫通溶込
部を形成して溶接を実施することを特徴とするアルミニ
ウム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法。1. A laser welding method for an aluminum or aluminum alloy member, comprising welding first and second members made of aluminum or aluminum alloy having a gap of 0.01 mm or more at a butt portion with a laser beam, the method comprising: A laser beam is applied to 50% or more (not including 100%) of the total beam area of the surface end portion of the one member of the first member or the second member on the side of the abutting portion, and A laser welding method for an aluminum or aluminum alloy member, comprising forming a penetrating penetration portion reaching from the front surface side to the back surface side and performing welding.
端部には溶接方向に延びる凸部が設けられていることを
特徴とする請求項１に記載のアルミニウム又はアルミニ
ウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法。2. The laser welding method for an aluminum or aluminum alloy member according to claim 1, wherein a projection extending in the welding direction is provided at an end of the one member on the side of the abutting portion. .
Ｗと前記一方の部材の前記突き合わせ部側の端部におけ
る厚さｔとの正接角をθGT（θGT＝ｔａｎ-1（Ｗ／
ｔ））とした場合に、前記レーザ光の光軸と前記一方の
部材の表面とのなす角度θが、９０°−θGT≦θ≦９０
°であることを特徴とする請求項１又は２に記載のアル
ミニウム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法。3. The tangent angle between the gap width W between the first and second members and the thickness t at the end of the one member on the side of the butted portion is θ GT (θ GT = tan −1 ( W /
t)), the angle θ formed by the optical axis of the laser beam and the surface of the one member is 90 ° −θ GT ≦ θ ≦ 90
The laser welding method for an aluminum or aluminum alloy member according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laser welding method is performed.
ップが存在するアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金製第
１及び第２の部材をレーザ光により溶接するアルミニウ
ム又はアルミニウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法であっ
て、前記第１及び第２の部材のいずれか一方の部材の前
記突き合わせ部側の表面端部上にアルミニウム又はアル
ミニウム合金製の第３の部材を配置し、この第３の部材
及び前記一方の部材の前記突き合わせ部側の端部にレー
ザ光をその全ビーム面積の５０％以上（但し、１００％
を含まず）を照射し前記第３の部材の表面側から前記一
方の部材の裏面側に到達する貫通溶込部を形成して溶接
を実施することを特徴とするアルミニウム又はアルミニ
ウム合金部材のレーザ溶接方法。4. A laser welding method for an aluminum or aluminum alloy member, comprising welding first and second members made of aluminum or aluminum alloy having a gap of 0.01 mm or more at a butt portion with a laser beam. A third member made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy is disposed on a surface end portion of either one of the first member and the second member on the butting portion side, and the third member and the one member are butted to each other. 50% or more of the total beam area (however, 100%
Laser is applied to the aluminum or aluminum alloy member to form a penetrating penetration portion reaching from the front surface side of the third member to the back surface side of the one member to perform welding. Welding method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6061784A JPH07266068A (en) | 1994-03-30 | 1994-03-30 | Method for laser beam welding aluminum or aluminum alloy member |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6061784A JPH07266068A (en) | 1994-03-30 | 1994-03-30 | Method for laser beam welding aluminum or aluminum alloy member |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH07266068A true JPH07266068A (en) | 1995-10-17 |
Family
ID=13181068
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP6061784A Pending JPH07266068A (en) | 1994-03-30 | 1994-03-30 | Method for laser beam welding aluminum or aluminum alloy member |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH07266068A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001293585A (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-10-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method of assembly of pressed product |
| JP2001353587A (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-12-25 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method of welding high-carbon steel and low-carbon steel together |
| US6581819B1 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2003-06-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Panel structure, a friction stir welding method, and a panel |
| WO2003097292A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-11-27 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Welding method and structural body joined by using the welding method |
| JP2015202708A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-11-16 | シロキ工業株式会社 | Laser welding method of vehicle door sash, and laser welding method of metal material |
| CN110539078A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-12-06 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | 5A06/ZL114A dissimilar aluminum alloy part butt joint laser swing welding method |
-
1994
- 1994-03-30 JP JP6061784A patent/JPH07266068A/en active Pending
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| US7073701B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2006-07-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of joining two members by friction stir welding |
| US6862860B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2005-03-08 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method of opposite sides of panels |
| US7665651B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2010-02-23 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of joining two members by friction stir welding |
| US7562802B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2009-07-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method and structure body formed |
| US7114304B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2006-10-03 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding member |
| US6946206B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2005-09-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method and structure body |
| US6953144B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2005-10-11 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir wilding method and structure body |
| US7178303B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2007-02-20 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding hollow frame member |
| US6983873B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2006-01-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method and structure body formed |
| US7032804B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2006-04-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method and structure body |
| US7032805B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2006-04-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Manufacturing method of structure body and structure body formed |
| US7056594B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2006-06-06 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method and structure body |
| US6581819B1 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2003-06-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Panel structure, a friction stir welding method, and a panel |
| US7520104B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2009-04-21 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding member |
| US6966481B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2005-11-22 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method |
| US7513409B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2009-04-07 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding method and structure body |
| US7287683B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2007-10-30 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of joining two members by friction stir welding |
| US7416769B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 2008-08-26 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Friction stir welding member |
| JP2001293585A (en) * | 2000-02-08 | 2001-10-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method of assembly of pressed product |
| JP2001353587A (en) * | 2000-06-13 | 2001-12-25 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method of welding high-carbon steel and low-carbon steel together |
| CN1320978C (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2007-06-13 | 铃木株式会社 | Welding method and structural body joined by using the welding method |
| WO2003097292A1 (en) * | 2002-05-22 | 2003-11-27 | Suzuki Motor Corporation | Welding method and structural body joined by using the welding method |
| JP2015202708A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2015-11-16 | シロキ工業株式会社 | Laser welding method of vehicle door sash, and laser welding method of metal material |
| CN110539078A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-12-06 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | 5A06/ZL114A dissimilar aluminum alloy part butt joint laser swing welding method |
| CN110539078B (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2021-10-15 | 北京航星机器制造有限公司 | 5A06/ZL114A dissimilar aluminum alloy part butt joint laser swing welding method |
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