JPH07260130A - Apparatus for separating air pollution substances from exhaust gas - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an apparatus which is simple in construction and can be mounted to efficiently separate carbon particles and NO contained in a diesel engine of an automobile or the like. CONSTITUTION:An apparatus comprises a cyclone 2 mounted integrally with an engine 1, an exhaust conduit tube 3 connected to an engine exhaust pipe to lead to the cyclone 2, spray nozzles 5 for spraying into the exhaust conduit tube 3 a neutralizing liquid which is stored in a storage tank 6 and serves to neutralize NO, hoppers 8 for storing carbon particles and the neutralizing liquid, which are separated from each other, return pipes 9 for returning the neutralizing liquid, which is received in the hoppers 8 and contains the particles, to the neutralizing liquid storage tank 6 through a filter 10, and a return pump.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

The present invention relates to an apparatus for separating removal of air pollutants particulate matter and nitrogen oxides, such as carbon particles (hereinafter referred to as NO _x), etc. contained in the exhaust of a diesel engine or the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Exhaust gas from diesel engines such as automobiles and exhaust gas from incinerators contain particulate matter (SPM) such as carbon particles and air pollutants such as NO _x , and the treatment thereof is large. It has become a social problem. A large amount of these air pollutants are emitted especially during slow running of a diesel vehicle or during idling. From this point of view, it has been studied and proposed to make the bus terminal a semi-closed space and remove pollutants in the air inside it.

However, it is not efficient to remove pollutants that have been once released into the atmosphere, and the place where slow driving due to traffic congestion is generally an open space. The treatment of pollutants released into the air is very difficult.

Therefore, it is considered appropriate to separate air pollutants in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine or the like from a diesel engine by means of a device mounted on a vehicle, but before releasing them to the atmosphere.

As a device for separating particulate matter contained in a gas, a cyclone has a simple mechanism and is not expensive.
It is considered to be suitable for mounting on each vehicle. However, the cyclone cannot separate exhaust gas from gases such as NO _x , and extremely minute particulate matter is suspended in the gas and cannot be separated.

[0006]

In view of the above points, the present invention adopts a cyclone having a simple structure as a separating means, and further separates minute particulate matter and NO _x from the exhaust gas to purify the exhaust gas. An object of the present invention is to provide a pollutant separation device that can be mounted on a vehicle integrally with an engine that can discharge air into the atmosphere.

[0007]

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a cyclone for separating particulate matter and liquid droplets from a gas, one end of which is connected to an exhaust pipe and the other end of which is outside the body of the cyclone. An exhaust pipe connected tangentially to the upper part of the side surface substantially horizontally, a neutralization liquid storage tank for storing a neutralization liquid for neutralizing nitrogen oxides, and a neutralization liquid pressure feed for pumping the neutralization liquid in the neutralization liquid storage tank. Means, a neutralizing solution spray nozzle for spraying the neutralizing solution pressure-fed by the neutralizing solution pressure-feeding means into the exhaust conduit, and a neutralizing solution for suspending a part of the particulate matter separated from the gas by a cyclone. A return pipe for returning to the neutralization liquid storage tank, a return means, and a filter provided in the middle of the return pipe for separating particulate matter from the neutralization liquid.

[0008]

Since the air pollutant separation device of the present invention is constructed as described above, it is possible to remove particulate matter such as carbon particles and NO discharged from the exhaust pipe of a diesel engine of a vehicle or the like.
Exhaust gas containing _x is introduced tangentially to the upper part of the cyclone body through the exhaust conduit and swirls in the cyclone body. Because in the exhaust conduit neutralization liquid to neutralize the more NO _x neutralization liquid injection nozzle is injected, NO _x in the exhaust gas are neutralized. Further, the particulate matter is wet and aggregated by the mist of the neutralizing solution and gradually becomes large in diameter, and extremely fine particles are almost eliminated.
Further, the mist of the neutralization liquid also aggregates into droplets, and the particulate matter and the neutralization liquid are efficiently separated from the exhaust by the cyclone, descends along the inner surface of the side wall of the cyclone body, and the exhaust rises at the center of the cyclone. Exhausted.

The neutralization liquid stored in the lower part of the cyclone and a part of the particulate matter are suspended, and the return pipe is returned to the neutralization fluid storage tank, where the particulate matter is separated by a filter. Then, only the neutralizing solution is returned to the neutralizing solution storage tank and repeatedly circulated and used.

The particulate matter accumulated in the lower part of the cyclone, the particulate matter in the filter and the neutralizing solution in the neutralizing solution storage tank are taken out after a predetermined operation time, and the neutralizing solution is replaced with a new one. .

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The device for separating air pollutants from the exhaust of a diesel engine of this embodiment is mounted on a vehicle integrally with the diesel engine 1. In the apparatus of this embodiment, 3 is used as a sorting means.
The base cyclone 2,2 ', 2 "is used.
With respect to the cyclone 2, the other end of the exhaust conduit 3 whose one end is connected to the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine 1 is connected to the upper portion of the outer surface of the cyclone body in a substantially horizontal tangential direction.

For the second cyclone 2 ', an exhaust gas exhaust pipe 4 for separating air pollutants by the first cyclone 2
However, for the third cyclone 2 ″, the exhaust conduits 4 ′ of the second cyclone 2 ′ are connected to the upper portion of the outer surface of the cyclone body in a substantially horizontal tangential direction.

Each exhaust conduit 3, 4, 4'has NO in it.
Neutralizing solution spray nozzles 5 for spraying a neutralizing solution for neutralizing _x are provided respectively. The neutralization liquid is stored in the neutralization liquid storage tank 6 and is pressure-fed to each spray nozzle 5 by the neutralization liquid pressure-feeding device 7 to be sprayed into the exhaust conduits 3, 4, 4 '.

At the lower end of each cyclone 2, 2 ', 2 ",
A hopper 8 for storing the particulate matter and the neutralizing solution separated by the action of the cyclone is provided, and the neutralizing solution for suspending a part of the particulate matter accumulated in each hopper 8 is directed to the neutralizing solution storage tank. A return pipe 9 for returning is provided. After the three return pipes 9 are assembled into one, the neutralization liquid storage tank 6 is collected by a recovery pump (not shown) through a filter 10 for separating the particulate matter and the neutralization liquid.
Return to. A valve 11 is provided at the lower end of the hopper 8 so that the particulate matter settled and deposited in the lower part of the hopper 8 can be taken out.

Since this device is constructed as described above, the neutralizing liquid pressure-feeding device when the diesel engine 1 is in operation,
By operating the neutralization liquid recovery pump, the neutralization liquid storage tank 6
The neutralizing solution stored in the inside is pumped to each spray nozzle 5 and sprayed into the exhaust pipes 3, 4, 4 ″. As a result, the particulate matter such as carbon particles in the diesel engine exhaust is neutralized solution. Particles of small diameter gradually agglomerate into large particles while being wetted by the fog of NO.
_{When x} is contacted, it is neutralized, accumulated and formed into droplets, which are tangentially introduced into the cyclone 2 and are centrifugally separated so that the droplets of the particulate matter and the neutralizing liquid are deposited on the inner surface of the side wall of the cyclone body. The exhaust gas rises along the center line of the cyclone and is introduced into the second cyclone through the exhaust pipe 4.
The same operation is repeated, and the exhaust gas separated by the second cyclone 2'is separated into the particulate matter and the neutralizing liquid by the third cyclone 2 ", and the purified exhaust gas is discharged to the atmosphere.

The particulate matter and the neutralizing solution separated from the exhaust by the cyclones 2, 2 ', 2 "fall into the hopper 8 and the particulate matter is deposited in the lower part. However, a part of the particulate matter is the neutralizing solution. In the state of being suspended in, it is sucked by the return pump, reaches the filter 10 through the return pipe 9, is separated by the filter 10, and only the neutralizing liquid is returned to the neutralizing liquid storage tank. The neutralizing solution spray nozzle 5 is used again by the neutralizing solution pressure-feeding device.
It is pumped to and used repeatedly.

As time passes, particulate matter is accumulated in the hopper 8 and the filter 10 is also clogged with the particulate matter and becomes clogged. Moreover, the NO _x neutralizing ability of the neutralizing solution gradually decreases. Therefore, every time a predetermined time passes,
Particulate matter is removed from the hopper 8 and the filter 10, and the neutralizing solution is replaced with a new one.

In the above embodiment, an example in which the number of cyclones is three has been described, but the number of cyclones is not limited to this and may be one or any plural number.

If water is used instead of the NO _x neutralizing solution,
The effect of separating particulate matter such as carbon particles can be obtained. In that case, it is desirable to install a separate NO _x removal device.

[0021]

As described above, according to the present invention, carbon particles and NO _x in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine can be efficiently removed with a simple structure, so that a remarkable effect can be obtained in preventing air pollution due to the engine exhaust gas. Is obtained. The present invention is applicable not only to diesel engines for automobiles, but also to diesel engines for railway vehicles and ships, as well as exhaust treatment for fixed diesel engines. Further, the present invention is also applied to a combustion device or an internal combustion engine that emits exhaust gas such as an incinerator.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Diesel engine 2,2 ', 2 "Cyclone 3,4,4' Exhaust conduit 5 Neutralizing liquid spray nozzle 6 Neutralizing liquid storage tank 7 Neutralizing liquid pumping device 8 Hopper 9 Return pipe 10 Filter 11 Valve

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Internal reference number FI technical display location B04C 9/00

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A device for separating particulate matter and atmospheric pollutants such as nitrogen oxides contained in exhaust gas, wherein a cyclone for separating particulate matter and liquid droplets from gas, one end of which is connected to an exhaust pipe An exhaust pipe whose end is connected to the upper part of the outer surface of the main body of the cyclone, a neutralizing solution storage tank for storing a neutralizing solution or an aqueous solution for neutralizing nitrogen oxides, and a pumping operation of the neutralizing solution in the neutralizing solution storage tank. A neutralizing solution spraying means for spraying the neutralizing solution pumped by the neutralizing solution pumping means into the exhaust conduit, and a part of the particulate matter separated from the gas by a cyclone to be suspended. A return pipe for returning the neutralization liquid toward the neutralization liquid storage tank, a returning means, and a filter provided in the middle of the return pipe for separating particulate matter from the neutralization liquid. Device to do. 2. A cyclone gas discharge conduit in an upstream stage is connected substantially horizontally tangentially to an upper part of an outer surface of a cyclone main body in a downstream stage, and the cyclones are arranged in multiple stages. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a Japanese solution spray nozzle, and a pipe for sending a neutralizing solution for suspending a part of the particulate matter separated by each cyclone to the filter. . 3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein water is used instead of the neutralizing solution of the apparatus. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust pipe is connected to a diesel engine. 5. An exhaust gas containing an exhaust treatment agent,
An air pollutant separation device characterized by being introduced into the upper part of a cyclone, and pollutants in exhaust gas being taken out from the lower part of the cyclone.