JPH07251340A - Cutting tool and cutting method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable both turning and milling to be conducted by providing a turning blade between milling blades, and disposing the tip of the turning blade inside a circle passing the outer periphery of the milling blade. CONSTITUTION:The circumference of a body 1 is divided equally to fix milling blades 16 and bytes 17 alternately. The end cutting blade 23a of the byte 17 is placed on a circular with the inside radius R2 of a circle with a radius R1 passing the end cutting blade 19a of the milling blade 16. A cutting tool T is set in such a manner that R1-R2=DELTAR is made larger than the cutting amount of milling. The tool is simply used both as a milling cutter and as a byte. Turning and milling can be performed by one tool spindle table by providing a tool spindle which is freely rotated and fixed in a fixed position on one tool spindle table, and using the above cutting tool T.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a cutting tool and a composite cutting method using the cutting tool.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in the case of performing combined machining of turning and milling on one workpiece, a plurality of tool stands are provided so that a metal machine tool can be combined. For example, one tool base is equipped with a slide base that holds the tool base so that the bite cuts and feeds the work piece, and the other tool base is equipped with a tool spindle that is driven to rotate. As a tool headstock, a milling cutter is fixed to the tool headstock, and a slide base carrying the tool headstock is provided so that the milling cutter can give a cut and a feed to the workpiece.

With the above-mentioned structure, the workpiece is rotated and turning is carried out by the cutting tool attached to the tool base, and then, for example, a notch device for non-rotating a chuck for gripping the workpiece is provided. Milling is carried out by a milling cutter attached to the tool headstock without rotating the object.

[0004]

When a plurality of tool rests are provided on a metal machine tool, the tools attached to the respective tool rests must be moved separately, so that each slide is attached to each tool rest. Will be needed. In order to secure the freedom of movement of this slide base, it is necessary to make it possible to move three-dimensionally in three directions of XYZ.

In such a case, the metal machine tool becomes extremely complicated. Further, when the tool bases can be moved including the common direction, for example, in the XZ direction and the YZ direction, the motions of the slide bases in the Z direction (the axial direction of the workpiece) are overlapped. In other cases, unless the Z-direction guides are provided on different surfaces, the Z-direction movement range of the tool headstock is limited. This is because the tool base to which the cutting tool is attached loses its versatility unless the cutting tool can operate over the entire axial length of the workpiece.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of conventional composite machining, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cutting tool capable of turning and milling, and a composite cutting method using the cutting tool. .

[0007]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of milling blades are provided in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of a disk-shaped body, and a turning process is performed between the plurality of milling blades. The cutting tool is characterized in that a cutting blade is provided, and the tip of the turning blade is disposed inside the circle passing through the outer circumference of the milling blade.

A second invention of the present invention is a tool for carrying a work headstock for gripping a work and continuously rotating the work, and a cutting tool for effecting machining by operating a tool cutting edge on the work held by the work spindle. A tool headstock having a spindle, which can be fixed by rotationally indexing and fixing the tool spindle, and which is capable of continuous rotation; and a direction in which a workpiece headstock and a tool headstock make a cut in a workpiece at least A metal machine tool provided with a sliding device that performs relative movement that feeds the workpiece in the axial direction, and a plurality of circumferential milling blades provided on the outer periphery of the disk-shaped body and the plurality of milling tools. A blade for turning is provided between the blades of, and a cutting tool in which the tip of the blade for turning is arranged inside the circle passing through the outer periphery of the blade for milling, Attach the cutting tool to the spindle end and A cutting method characterized by performing milling on a work piece by continuous rotation, indexing and fixing the tool spindle and fixing a turning blade to the work piece to perform turning. is there.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, a workpiece head stock capable of gripping a workpiece and continuously rotating and fixing the workpiece spindle, and a tool edge on the workpiece gripped by the workpiece spindle are used for machining. A tool spindle having a tool spindle that carries a cutting tool to be performed, a tool spindle that can be rotationally indexed and fixed and that is capable of continuous rotation, and a workpiece between the workpiece spindle stock and the tool spindle stock. A metal machine tool provided with a sliding device for giving a cutting direction to the workpiece, a feeding direction to the workpiece in the axial direction, and a feeding direction perpendicular to the cutting direction and the workpiece axial direction, and a circle A plurality of milling blades are provided in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery of the plate-shaped body, and a turning blade is provided between the plurality of milling blades, and a circle passing through the outer circumference of the milling blade is provided. Also the tip of the blade for turning is placed inside Using a cutting tool that is, the cutting tool is attached to the tool spindle end, the tool spindle is rotationally indexed and fixed, and a turning blade is installed opposite to the workpiece to perform turning, This is a cutting method characterized in that the tool spindle is continuously rotated and the workpiece spindle is fixed to feed the workpiece at a right angle to the axial direction of the workpiece to mill the workpiece to form a flat surface. .

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[Example 1] This example is an example of a cutting tool equipped with a blade suitable for a plane milling cutter and a blade suitable for turning.

As shown in FIG. 1, the outer peripheral surface of a disk-shaped body 1 is divided into 12 equal parts, and tool mounting grooves 2 and 3 are provided alternately. The tool mounting grooves 2 and 3 penetrate in parallel to the axial direction (direction of the center line) of the body 1. The tool mounting grooves 2 and 3 are bottom surfaces 2a and 3a of the body 1 in the radial direction of the body 1 or in a cross direction close to the right angle, and the bottom surfaces 2a and 3a.
To the radial direction of the body 1 at angles θ1 and θ2, respectively, so that the load side sidewalls 2b and 3b, the anti-load sidewall 2c,
3c is provided.

The mounting surface 8 on one side of the body 1 is shown in FIGS.
The cylindrical mounting portion 4 is projected as shown in FIG. Bolt holes 5 are provided through the body 1 on a circle centered on the center of the body 1. A plurality of bolt holes 5 are provided at positions equidistantly arranged on the circumference. The bolt hole 5 is fixed to the mating member, for example, the tool spindle 7 that is driven to rotate, by inserting a hexagon socket head cap bolt 6 from the side opposite to the side where the cylindrical mounting portion 4 is provided, as shown by the chain double-dashed line. It is like this. Alternatively, instead of the tool spindle 7, it is fixed to a fixed tool base.
As shown in FIG. 2, on the tool spindle end surface 11 of the circular flange 9 at the end of the tool spindle 7 that is in contact with the mounting surface 8 of the body 1, a mounting recess 12 that fits with the outer periphery of the cylindrical mounting portion 4 of the body 1 is provided. The depth of the recess 12 is larger than the height of the cylindrical mounting portion 4 of the body 1.

In each tool mounting groove 2 of the body 1, a milling blade 16 as a milling blade and each tool mounting groove 3
The cutting tools 17 are attached to the blades as turning blades. In this example, the outer circumference of the body 1 is equally distributed in 6 to provide tool mounting grooves 2 and 3. When this tool 17 is installed in all of the tool mounting groove 3, it becomes 6 pieces.
In the case of partial mounting, the parts should be mounted evenly from the viewpoint of the rotational balance of this cutting tool during milling. Therefore, the number of attachments of the cutting tool 17 is either 6, 3, or 2. All or part of the cutting tool 17 may be the same, or may have different shapes. When the cutting tools 17 having different shapes are attached to the body 1, the turret tool post is incorporated.

The milling blade 16 has a milling tip 19 brazed to a handle 18. The handle 18 has a bearing surface 18a that contacts the bottom surface 2a of the tool mounting groove 2, a load side wall 2b of the groove 2, and a load side surface 18b that contacts the anti-load side outer wall 2c.
And a side 18c on the side opposite to the load side. The load-side side surface 18b side of the handle 18 projects in the radial direction to form a projecting portion 18d. The projecting portion 18d has an arrow so that the milling tip 19 acts when the body 1 rotates in the direction indicated by arrow a. A milling tip 19 is attached to the tip side in the direction a. The milling tip 19 is provided with a front cutting edge 19a so that the cutting is performed by the movement in the direction of the arrow a.
a is a rake face 19b having a rake angle with respect to the radial direction of the body 1, and a front flank face 19c is provided with a clearance angle with respect to a circle passing through the front cutting edge 19a with the center of the body 1 as the center. Equipped with.

The handle 18 is provided with a front surface 18e and a top surface 18f so as to be flush with the rake surface 19b and the front flank 19c. The front surface 18e is connected to an opposite bearing surface 18g that is substantially parallel to the circumferential direction of the body 1 on the base side of the handle 18. A hexagon socket head cap screw 21 is inserted into the bolt hole 18h formed in the handle 18 in the radial direction of the body 1 from the opposite seat surface 18g toward the seat surface 18a and is screwed into the body 1. In the above, the side walls 2b and 2c of the tool mounting groove 2 and the handle 18
When the side surfaces 18b and 18c of the tool contact each other, the tool mounting groove 2
A small gap is left between the bottom surface 2a of the tool 18 and the seat surface 18a of the handle portion 18. By tightening the hexagon socket head cap screw 21, the side walls 2b and 2c of the tool mounting groove 2 and the side surface 18b of the handle portion 18,
18c is pressed and elastically deformed, and the bottom surface 2a and the seat surface 1 are
8a is in contact with.

A tool 17 is attached to the tool attachment groove 3. The bit 17 has a chip 23 attached to a handle 24. Body 1 through the front cutting edge 23a
The radius R2 of the circle centered on the center of the
It is smaller than the radius R1 of the circle centered on the center of the body 1 by passing through the front cutting edge 19a of No. 9 by the radius difference ΔR. This radius difference ΔR is smaller than the maximum cutting amount of the milling tip 19. The shape of the tool mounting groove 3 for mounting the cutting tool 17 is the tool mounting groove 2 for mounting the milling blade 16.
The shape of the groove 3 is the same as that of FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting tool 17 has a front cutting edge 23.
It is considered that the radial line RL passing through a and the center OB of the body 1 is fixed to the body 1 and used at a position passing through the center OW of the workpiece W. As the turning tool 17, various kinds of turning tools are adopted depending on the combination of the structure, the shape, the use and the like. Structurally suitable for the present embodiment are a completed bit (mukubite), a cutting edge bite, a throwaway tip equipped bite, an insert bite and the like. A sword bite is suitable because of its shape. Depending on the application, an end face bite, a parting bite, a hail bite, a thread cutting bite, a forming bite, etc. can be considered. As shown in FIG. 3, in this example, the tip 23 of the cutting tool is a 34-type (JIS) cemented carbide blade, which is attached to the handle portion 24 with a roller. One side of the handle portion 24 is flush with the mounting surface 8 of the body 1, but the other side thereof projects slightly from the non-mounting surface 25 of the body 1, and the side cutting edge 23b of the tip 23 has a handle portion. It slightly protrudes from the side surface of 24. A front flank is provided downward from the front blade 23a, and a lateral flank is provided downward from the side cutting edge 23b. The bite 17 is attached with different left and right hand tools. When the cutting tool is used as a turret tool post, a plurality of cutting tools 17 are prepared so as to be suitable for a workpiece to be processed by the turret tool post.

In addition to the case where the body 1 is fixed to the end face of the tool spindle that is rotationally driven, for example, when arbor work (arbor is passed through the center of the milling cutter and one end of the arbor is supported by the tool spindle and the other end is supported by an arbor support). ), A central hole 26 with a key groove 26a is provided.

In the above, the milling tip 19 is the handle 1
However, these may be provided as replaceable throw-away tips on the handle portion 18. The side face of the milling blade 16 provided with the tip 19 on the handle 18 and the side face of the body 1 are flush with each other, and is a flat milling tool having no side cutting edge. However, it goes without saying that a milling blade may be provided so as to form a side milling cutter, a form milling cutter, or the like.

It is obvious that the above cutting tool can be used as it is as a milling cutter, and it can be used as the cutting tool 17 by positioning it on the fixed tool base with its cylindrical mounting portion 4 and fixing it using the bolt holes 5. . It can also be used as a turret tool rest instead of a tool rest.

FIG. 4 shows a turning method. A workpiece W supported by, for example, a workpiece headstock (not shown) and a tailstock facing the workpiece headstock at a center OW in a direction orthogonal to the plane of FIG. The code T described above
The cutting tool, which is shown in full by, is non-rotatably fixed to a tool rest on an XZ slide (not shown).
The B and OW directions are the X directions, and the movement is in the Z direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. As a result, the cutting tool 17 is cut and fed to the cutting tool 17 to perform turning.

Although the above is the simplest example of use, a cutting method exhibiting the effect of the present invention will be described below. Prior to explaining this cutting method, means necessary for carrying out this cutting method,
That is, a tool and a metal machine tool will be described. The tool is the cutting tool T described above.

Examples of metal machine tools used in this cutting method will be described below.

FIG. 5 shows a metal machine tool shown in plan view.
A work headstock 32 is fixed on the machine base 31, and a tailstock 34 whose position is advanced and retracted toward the workhead stock 32 and whose position is adjusted is parallel to a line connecting the work spindle 32a and the tailstock center 34a. It engages with the guide 33 on the machine base 31. A machine base 3 parallel to the line connecting the work spindle 32a and the tailstock center 34a.
A saddle 36 is engaged with the guide 35 on the upper part 1. A guide 37 orthogonal to the guide 35 is provided on the saddle 36, and the tool headstock 30 is engaged with the guide 37.

The saddle 36 is driven by a servo motor 38 fixed to the machine base 31 and a screw feeding device 39 connected to the servo motor 38. The screw feeding device 39 is a device in which a ball screw connected to a servo motor 38 is screwed into a ball nut (not shown) fixed to the saddle 36. The tool headstock 30 includes a servomotor 41 fixed to a saddle 36 and a screw feed device 4 connected to the servomotor 41.
Driven by two. In the screw feeder 42, the ball screw connected to the servomotor 41 is a tool headstock 30.
It is screwed into a ball nut (not shown) fixed to.

The work headstock 32 described above is the work head spindle 3.
A driving means for driving 2a is provided (the description is omitted). Since this drive means continuously rotates the workpiece main shaft 32a, as is well known, it rotates the workpiece main shaft 32a from an electric motor through a transmission device. As the electric motor, a DC servo motor is used so as to be variable in speed. Examples of the transmission device include a belt device and a gear device. The tool headstock 30 must be capable of continuously rotating the cutting tool T and fixing it at a constant rotational position.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the tool headstock 30 will be described.

FIG. 7 is a vertical sectional view of the tool headstock 30, and FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG. The tool headstock main body 51 is attached to the guide 37 of the saddle 36 of the metal machine tool, and the nut (not shown) of the screw feed device 42 of the tool headstock 30 is fixed.

The tool spindle 43 is rotatably supported on the tool spindle stock body 51 by bearings 53 and 54. Bearing 53
The outer race 55 fitted in the front bearing mounting hole 51a of the tool headstock main body 51 has bolts 5 attached to the tool headstock main body 51.
6, the radial load roller 57 and the thrust load roller 58 are in contact with the inner circumference and both sides of the outer race 55, and the inner races 59a, 59b are in contact with these rollers 57, 58. A bolt 61 penetrates through the inner races 59a and 59b fitted to the tool spindle 43 in the axial direction of the tool spindle 43.
It is screwed into 3. The rear bearing 54 is a roller bearing, and the outer ring 54a is fitted into the rear bearing mounting hole 51b of the tool headstock main body 51, and the collar 62 and the rear bearing 54 are arranged in this order in the portion reduced in diameter by the step 43a of the tool spindle 43. Mating,
It is fixed by a lock nut (lock member not shown) 63 screwed into the tool spindle 43.

A driven gear 64 such as a hind worm, a hypoid gear, a spiral veil, and a Zellore gear used between two shafts intersecting with the tool spindle 43 is axially fitted through a spacer 65, and the driven gear 64 is a driven gear. The position in the circumferential direction is determined by a positioning pin 66 penetrating through the tool spindle 43 through the spacer 64 and the spacer 65, and is also fixed by a bolt 60.

As shown in FIG. 8, the drive shaft 67 crosses the tool spindle 43 at right angles. Drive shaft 67
Are rotatably supported on the tool headstock main body 51 by bearings 68 and 69. A drive gear 71 is integrally provided on the drive shaft 67, and the drive gear 71 meshes with the driven gear 64.

It is preferable that the gear pair of the driving gear 71 and the driven gear 64 has a large number of simultaneously meshing teeth and a large transmission force. Therefore, for example, the twist angle of the drive gear (worm) 71, which is a worm gear pair, can be reduced to such an extent that it cannot be reversed from the driven gear 64 side.

The bearing 68 supporting the drive shaft 67 is a roller bearing, and the outer race 68a is the tool headstock main body 51.
The inner race 68b fitted with a roller is fitted to the drive shaft 67 and fitted to the drive shaft 67. It is stopped by a shaft retaining ring 74. The pair of bearings 69 are positioned by the stepped portion 67a of the drive shaft 67, and are fitted back to back through the spacers 70 via the spacers 70a (back to back) to fit the drive shaft 6 together.
By tightening the inner ring 69b of the bearing 69 toward the step 67a by the lock nut 75 screwed in 7,
Preloaded and fixed, the spacer 76 is fitted in the tool headstock main body 51 via the axial direction, and the bolt 77
Are fitted to a bearing house 78 fixed to the main body 51, and are fixed to the tool headstock main body 51 by a bearing retainer 81 fitted to the bearing house 78 and fixed with bolts 79.

The drive shaft 67 is connected to the output shaft 83a of the servo motor 83 through a shaft joint 82, and the servo motor 83
Is fixed to the tool headstock main body 51 via a shaft coupling case 84.

As shown in FIG. 7, the spindle head 4 of the tool spindle 43
3b has a flange shape, and the outer circumference of the spindle head 43b is inserted into a shaft-sealing case 85 to be shaft-sealed. Shaft seal case 8
5 is fitted to the front part of the tool headstock main body 51 and is fixed to the main body 51 by bolts 86. A drive key 88 for mounting the cutting tool T on the tool spindle head 43b is fitted in a radial key groove 43c provided on the end surface of the tool spindle head 43b and is fixed by a bolt 89, as shown in FIG. To
A female screw into which the bolt 6 of FIGS. 2 and 3 is screwed is provided on the end surface of the tool spindle head 43b.

The tool spindle 43 is fitted in a rear bearing mounting hole 51b, and a shaft sealing member 93 such as an oil seal, which is attached to a shaft sealing house 92 fixed to the tool spindle stock main body 51 with a bolt 91, is inserted therethrough. And then project backwards.
A brake disc 94 is fitted to the rear portion of the tool spindle 43, and is fixed to the tool spindle 43 by a fixture 95.

A brake shoe assembly 98 is fixed to a bracket 96 fixed to the tool headstock main body 51 with bolts 97. The brake shoe assembly 98 is a well-known one, and is adapted to bring the shoes closer to each other by a hydraulic operation to clamp the brake disc 94 for braking.

As shown in FIG. 5, the servo motor 38 is controlled by a numerical controller 45, and a rotation angle detecting means such as an encoder 44 connected to the rear end of the tool spindle 43 detects the rotation angle of the tool spindle 43. It is sent to the numerical controller 45.

The signal from the encoder 44 is sent to the tool spindle 43.
It is used for rotation indexing and stopping at fixed position.
An encoder 46 is provided at the rear end of the work spindle 32a of the work spindle stock 32, and a signal of the encoder 46 is sent to the numerical control device 45, and the numerical control device 45 follows the angle detected by the encoder 46. , Servo motor 4
1 and drives the tool headstock 30 via the screw feed device 42.
Is moved back and forth with respect to the workpiece W, and the workpiece W is processed by a non-circular cam or an eccentric circular workpiece such as a crank pin.

The numerical control device 45 drives the servomotor 38 to move the saddle 36 through the screw feed device 39 to the workpiece W.
Send parallel to the axial direction of. By sending this saddle 36,
When using the cutting tool T as a milling tool, the tool spindle 43
The cutting tool T according to the present invention fixed to the above performs indexing for changing the position of the workpiece W facing the axially machined portion, and when the cutting tool T is used as a cutting tool, the workpiece W is fed in the axial direction. give.

As shown in FIG. 5, the workpiece W in this example is the camshaft of a single-cam type four-cylinder internal combustion engine. In FIG. 9, which is an enlarged view of a part of FIG. 5, journals J1 and J from right to left
2 and J3 are provided by expanding the diameter of one shaft member. The diameter d of the shaft member is the intake cams 1IN, 2IN, 3IN, 4
IN, Exhaust cam 1EX, 2EX, 3EX, 4E
The diameter is smaller than the basic circle of X.

An intake cam 1IN, an exhaust cam 1EX, an exhaust cam 2EX, and an intake cam 2IN are arranged between the journals J1 and J2 on the shaft member from the right to the left, and the intake cam is provided between the journals J2 and J3. 3IN, exhaust cam 3EX, exhaust cam 4EX, and intake cam 4IN are provided.
The intake cams 1IN, 2IN, 3IN, 4IN have the same shape but different phases, and the exhaust cams 1E
X, 2EX, 3EX, and 4EX have the same shape and have different phases. In order to drive the workpiece W, the workpiece spindle 32
The drive key 101 is fixed to the head a. The drive key 101 is engaged with a key groove provided on the shaft end of the workpiece W. The workpiece W is also supported by the center 102 fitted in the workpiece spindle 32a.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cutting tool T is provided with the cutting tools 17A and 17B which are right-handed and left-handed, and the cutting tool 17A is tailstocked in FIG. 9 which is an enlarged view around the workpiece W in FIG. It is possible to feed from the table center 34a in the direction of the work headstock 32, and the tool B can be fed in the opposite direction to the tool A.

In FIG. 9, a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h-
Tool loci of the cutting tools 17A and 17B are indicated by i-j and the like.

First, the servo motor 83 rotates, and the output shaft 83a, the shaft coupling 82, and the drive shaft 67 rotate. The drive gear 71 provided on the drive shaft 67 rotates the driven gear 64,
This causes the tool spindle 43 to rotate. The rotation angle of the tool spindle 43 is detected by the encoder 44, and the rotation angle signal is sent to the numerical controller 45. In the numerical controller 45, when the bite 17A of the cutting tool T reaches the position facing the workpiece W, the servo motor 83 is stopped to stop the tool spindle 4.
3 is stopped, the control valve of the hydraulic power source for driving the brake disc assembly 98 is driven by the auxiliary function of the numerical control device 45, the brake disc 94 is fixed, and the tool spindle 43 is fixed.

Next, the work spindle 32a is rotationally driven to rotate the work W with the drive key 101, and the numerical controller 45 drives the servomotor 41 to move the tool spindle stock 30 in the X direction (workpiece). 5 and feeds the cutting tool T in a direction parallel to the paper surface of FIG. 5) so that the cutting tool T has a tool locus a-b as shown in FIG.
Is cut into the journal J1 and then the servo motor 38 is driven to feed the saddle 36 in the Z direction (axial direction of the workpiece W) by cutting feed between b and c to machine the journal J1.

Then, the bit 17A between cd and d is retracted and rapidly fed from d to e near the intermediate journal J2, and e-
The cutting of f is given, the cutting feed is performed between f and g, the intermediate journal J2 is cut by the bite 17A, and then g-h in the Z direction.
Fast forward and stop journal J3 at point h.
When the journals J1 and J2 are cut by the cutting tool 17A, a cutting force acts to rotate the tool spindle 43, but the drive gear 71 and the driven gear 64 are irreversibly rotated, and the brake shoe assembly 98 and the brake disc 94. Fixes against the cutting force.

When the saddle 36 stops at the position h in the tool locus, the numerical controller 45 releases the brake shoe assembly 98, and then drives the servo motor 83 via a driver (not shown) to drive the tool spindle 43 to 180 degrees. Rotate 17 degrees to replace the bite 17A and the bite 17B, operate the brake shoe assembly 98, and
By fixing 4 the tool spindle 43 is fixed. As a result, the cutting tool 17B faces the workpiece W at the position h of the tool path. Here, the numerical controller 45 drives the servo motor 41 to move the cutting tool 17B between h and i to make a cut, and then drives the servo motor 38 to make the cutting tool 1
7B is processed by ij feed journal J3, and j-
Retreat for k.

Here, the tip of the bite 17B is the journal J.
It faces between 3 and the intake cam 4IN. Therefore, the numerical controller 45 drives the servo motor 38 to reach a position where the cutting tool T faces the intake cam 4IN by km.
Move between.

Here, the numerical control device 45 releases the brake shoe assembly 98 and then drives the servo motor 83 to continuously rotate the cutting tool T. Here, the numerical controller 45 receives the rotation angle of the workpiece W detected by the encoder 46, drives the servomotor 41 in accordance with this rotation angle, advances and retracts the tool headstock 30, and moves the workpiece of the cutting tool T. The relational position with W is changed, and the milling process of the intake cam 4IN cam shape is performed to cut in the mn and X directions. At the time of this cutting, the work journal 103 provided on the machine base 31 supports the intermediate journal J2. The work rest 103 is the body portion 10.
The workpiece support member 103b moves back and forth from 3a, and is in a fixed state by contacting the intermediate journal J2.

The above-described milling of the intake cam 4IN changes the relational position between the workpiece W and the cutting tool T according to the rotation angle of the workpiece W by advancing and retracting the cutting tool T as shown in FIG. Therefore, in FIG. 10, the state of A-B-C-D-E-F-G is set for each rotation angle of 45 degrees of the workpiece W. Although not shown here, the work spindle 32a
The numerical controller 45 controls the servomotor that drives the workpiece spindle 32a in accordance with the rotation angle of the encoder 46 that detects the rotation angle of the workpiece, thereby changing the rotation speed of the workpiece spindle 32a, that is, the rotation speed of the workpiece W. That is, when the work W rotates clockwise as in A-B-C of FIG. 10, the rotation speed of the work W is changed to a slower direction, and the rotation speed of the work W is changed between C-D-E. Change toward faster. The speed change is continuously changed or is performed stepwise, so that the workpiece W becomes E-
While rotating with F-G, it is rotating at a constant speed. Examples of a mode in which the speed change during one rotation of the workpiece W is such that the feed per blade of the milling cutter is constant or the amount of chip removal (STOCK) per blade of the milling cutter is constant.
REMOVE) is selected to be constant. Although the milling blade 16 of the cutting tool T during the milling process is suitable for the cutting process, the bite 17 does not act on the workpiece W only by the air cutting.

When the intake cam 4IN is milled in this way, the cutting tool T moves backward in the X direction by nm.
It moves in the m-p and Z directions and is cut with P-q to mill the exhaust cam 4EX. Similarly, the shape of the exhaust cam 4EX is a numerical control device 4 to which a signal from an encoder 46 for detecting the rotation angle of the workpiece spindle 32a is input.
5 is performed by controlling the servo motor 41.
When the milling of the exhaust cam 4EX is completed, the cutting tool T retreats to Q-P in the X direction, and so on, in the same manner as follows. , The cutting tool T moves backward, the servo motor 83 stops, the cutting tool T stops, the servo motor (not shown) that drives the work spindle 32a stops, and the work W stops.

In the above description, both turning and milling have been described with only one incision, but it is needless to say that cutting may be performed a plurality of times such as rough finishing and finishing.

When the cutting tool T is used as described above, since the milling cutter and the bite are integrated, the tool base needs only one tool headstock 30, and therefore includes the saddle 36 for carrying the tool headstock 30. Only one slide is required. Conventional,
Milling head for mounting the milling cutter (tool headstock)
In addition, since the tool bases for mounting the cutting tools must be separately provided and carried by the respective separate slides, the structure of the metal machine tool becomes complicated. Further, when the tool rests of the milling head and the cutting tool are intended to act on the milling tool and the cutting tool corresponding to the wide range of the workpiece, respectively, the carriers for moving the respective sliding tables must be three-dimensionally arranged. This makes it difficult to attach and detach the work piece to and from the metal machine tool. Therefore, by arranging the slides that carry the tool rests of the milling head and the cutting tool on the same plane, the movement range of each sliding table is restricted, and the range in which the milling tool and the cutting tool can act on the workpiece is limited. Sex will be lost.

The metal machine tool shown in FIG. 5 has a tool headstock 3
0, therefore the cutting tool T can be moved in two directions of the XZ direction, but a column is erected on the guide 37 of the saddle 36 so as to be orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 5 and slidable (servo motor 41, screw feed device 42 ), The column is provided with a vertical guide, the tool headstock 30 is engaged with this guide, and the tool headstock 30 is provided with a servomotor (for Y axis) via a vertical screw feed device, This servo motor is a numerical controller 4
5, the cutting tool T can be fed at an appropriate position in the Y direction orthogonal to the paper surface of FIG. 5, so that the fixing device for the work spindle 32a is provided to fix the work W and rotate the cutting tool T. If it is sent in the Y direction and cut into the cylindrical outer periphery of the workpiece W, a flat surface can be formed on the outer periphery of the workpiece W by milling.

[0057]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a plurality of milling blades are provided in the circumferential direction on the outer circumference of a disk-shaped body, and a turning blade is provided between the plurality of milling blades. Since the cutting tool is characterized in that the tip of the turning blade is arranged inside the circle passing through the outer circumference of the milling blade, (1) the milling tool and the cutting tool are integrated. Therefore, it can also be used as a milling cutter or as a cutting tool. (2) If a plurality of cutting tools are provided in the circumferential direction, it can be used as a turret head.

A second invention of the present invention is a tool carrying a work headstock for gripping a work and continuously rotating the work, and a cutting tool for effecting machining by operating a tool cutting edge on the work held by the work spindle. A tool headstock having a spindle, which can be fixed by rotationally indexing and fixing the tool spindle, and which is capable of continuous rotation; and a direction in which a workpiece headstock and a tool headstock make a cut in a workpiece at least A metal machine tool provided with a sliding device that performs relative movement that feeds the workpiece in the axial direction, and a plurality of circumferential milling blades provided on the outer periphery of the disk-shaped body and the plurality of milling tools. A blade for turning is provided between the blades of, and a cutting tool in which the tip of the blade for turning is arranged inside the circle passing through the outer periphery of the blade for milling, Attach the cutting tool to the spindle end and Milling is performed on the workpiece by continuous rotation, the tool spindle is rotationally indexed and fixed, and a cutting blade is installed opposite to the workpiece and the cutting method is characterized by performing a turning process. Therefore, (1) Milling and turning can be performed with a single tool headstock without providing a plurality of processing units. (2) Even though the metal machine tool can perform complex machining, the structure is simple, the workpiece can be easily accessed, and good chip removal can be achieved.

The third invention of the present invention includes all the constitutions of the second invention, and further, since the cutting tool can be moved in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and the cutting direction of the workpiece, the second invention described above. In addition to the above effect, a flat surface portion can be formed around the cylindrical shape.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention as viewed from an axial direction.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line BB of FIG.

FIG. 4 is a front view showing a turning action as viewed from the same direction as in FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a metal machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a sectional view including a shaft center of a spindle head of a tool spindle.

FIG. 7 is a longitudinal sectional view including a tool spindle of a tool spindle stock.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line CC of FIG.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged view around the workpiece in FIG.

FIG. 10 is a sectional view perpendicular to the axis showing the milling of the cam.

[Explanation of symbols]

 T Cutting Tool W Workpiece 1 Body 16 Milling Blade 17 Bit 30 Tool Headstock 32 Workpiece Headstock 34 Tailstock 38,41 Servomotor 44,46 Encoder

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A milling blade having a plurality of milling blades circumferentially provided on the outer periphery of a disk-shaped body, and a turning blade provided between the plurality of milling blades. A cutting tool characterized in that the tip of a blade for turning is arranged inside the circle passing through the outer periphery of the cutting tool. 2. A workpiece headstock for gripping a workpiece and continuously rotating the workpiece, and a tool spindle carrying a cutting tool for effecting machining by operating a tool edge on the workpiece gripped by the workpiece spindle,
A tool headstock capable of rotationally indexing and fixing the tool spindle and capable of continuous rotation, and a direction in which a workpiece headstock and a tool headstock make a cut in a workpiece and a shaft of the workpiece And a metal machine tool provided with a sliding device that performs relative movement to give a feed in a direction, and a plurality of milling blades in the circumferential direction on the outer circumference of the disk-shaped body, and between the plurality of milling blades. Provided with a blade for turning, a cutting tool in which the tip of the blade for turning is arranged inside the circle passing through the outer circumference of the blade for milling, and using the above-mentioned tool spindle end Milling is performed on the work piece by attaching a cutting tool and continuously rotating the tool spindle, and the tool spindle is rotationally indexed and fixed and a turning blade is placed opposite to the work piece for turning. A cutting method characterized by the above. 3. A workpiece headstock capable of gripping a workpiece and continuously rotating and fixing the workpiece spindle, and a cutting tool for carrying out machining by acting a tool edge on the workpiece held by the workpiece spindle. A tool spindle that includes a tool spindle, which can be fixed by rotationally indexing the tool spindle and which is capable of continuous rotation, and a direction in which a workpiece is cut between the workpiece spindle stock and the tool spindle stock. , A metal machine tool provided with a sliding device that gives a feed in the axial direction of the work piece, a feed direction in which the cut is given, and a feed in a direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the work piece, and on the outer circumference of the disk-shaped body. A plurality of blades for milling are provided in the circumferential direction, and a blade for turning is provided between the plurality of blades for milling, and a blade for turning rather than a circle passing through the outer circumference of the milling blade. With a cutting tool with the tip of the , The above-mentioned cutting tool is attached to the tool spindle end, the tool spindle is rotationally indexed and fixed, and a blade for turning is installed on the workpiece to perform turning, and the tool spindle is continuously rotated. Also, a cutting method is characterized in that the workpiece spindle is fixed and the workpiece is fed at a right angle to the axial direction of the workpiece to mill the workpiece to form a flat surface.